DOCSLIB.ORG

08 Erzsébet Urbán.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
08 Erzsébet Urbán.Indd Requirements, Qualities and Solutions. Remodelling Liturgical Spaces after Vatican II in Hungary Requisitos, calidades y soluciones. Remodelación de espacios litúrgicos después del Vaticano II en Hungría Erzsébet Urbán · BME-Faculty of Architecture (Budapest, Hungary), [email protected] Recibido: 05/08/2019 Aceptado: 14/01/2020 https://doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6233 ABSTRACT After the Second World War the ecclesiastical property was drastically reduced in Hungary. However, Vatican II gave an intense motivation and impulse to the spiritual-psychical revival for the communities and by this time, the preservation of the religious heritage got some statal, professional attention too. The restoration or reconstruction works were often linked with the acute interior transformations according to Vatican II. Although the Hungarian publication and interpretation of the reforms were relatively slow, still a few essential informative discussions were born. The Venice Charter (1964) also had a sig- nificant effect on the monument preservation methodology in this period. Analysing the theoretical approach of the Vatican II Constitution and Instruction a close parallelism can be identified with the architectural aspects of the Venice Charter: respect the old parts with the obviously distinguishable, new supplements, and create modern artworks with high artistic quality. The end of the paper cites some brief case studies to present the practical implementation of the directives. KEYWORDS Hungary, Vatican II, Theory vs. Practice, Architectural Methodology, Venice Charter RESUMEN Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la propiedad eclesiástica se redujo drásticamente en Hungría. El Concilio Vaticano II dio una intensa motivación e impulso al avivamiento psíquico-espiritual de las comunidades. La preservación de la heren- cia religiosa recibió cierta atención profesional y estatal. La investigación arqueológica e histórica comenzó a ser exhaustiva en las capillas e iglesias medievales, y las obras de restauración o reconstrucción a menudo se vincularon con las intensas transformaciones interiores realizadas según el Vaticano II. La Carta de Venecia (1964) tuvo un efecto significativo en la metodología de preservación de monumentos. Analizando el enfoque teórico de la Carta de Venecia, se puede identificar un estrecho paralelismo con los aspectos arquitectónicos de la Constitución y la Instrucción del Vaticano II: respetar las partes antiguas con los nuevos añadidos, obviamente distinguibles, y crear obras de arte modernas con alta calidad artística. El documento examina casos de estudio para presentar similitudes entre la implementación práctica de las directivas y las líneas de actuación. PALABRAS CLAVE Hungría, Concilio Vaticano II, teoría versus práctica, metodología arquitectónica, Carta de Venecia CÓMO CITAR: Urbán, Erzsébet. 2019. «Requirements, Qualities and Solutions. Remodelling Liturgical Spaces after Vatican II in Hungary». Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 6: 130-143. https://doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6233. 130 Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 6 (2019) REQUIREMENTS, QUALITIES AND SOLUTIONS. REMODELLING LITURGICAL SPACES AFTER VATICAN II IN HUNGARY Fig. 01. The Hungarian translations of the Vatican II documents published as little booklets by St. Stephen’s Society, 1966-88. IMPORTANCE OF THE VATICAN II IN cial constraints, a more permissive and cooperative HUNGARY principle of state power was in place that, however, As a result of the military political situation estab- still aimed to establish an atheist state. As the first lished by the end of the Second World War and the element of the easement process, for the Hungarian compromises aiming to resolve conflicts of interest, Church Leaders who had been completely deprived Hungary had become part of the Soviet sphere of of their former international relations, the Vatican influence by the end of the peace negotiations. Until II —started in 1962— provided opportunity for the change of the regime in 1989, the sovereignty renewed, but still highly controlled contact (Fejérdy of the country was limited, but its extent changed 2016). In addition to organizational opening (Entz from time to time as a result of foreign and domestic policy events. Accordingly, the period between 1945 1964), the reforms urged by the Council anticipated and 1989 can be divided into several characteristi- spiritual renewal for those in oppression. At the same cally distinct periods. The one-party system, formed time, to support liturgical reformation, the physical by wishes the Soviet sphere of interest, urged the renewal and transformation of liturgical spaces could social restratification, furthermore it systematically also become a topical, practical task. In the case of nationalized the fields of culture, science, and edu- historic churches, which had been highly neglected cation, as well. The tough restrictions experienced during the atheist period of state power (Dümmerling under the Rákosi dictatorship in the 1950s eased a et al. 1960), this necessary and urgent transformation bit during the Kádár era, which came after the sup- provided an opportunity for the sacred building stock pression of the 1956 revolution. By that time the who to receive more prominent attention as part of the is not against us is with us attitude was typical for the political leadership. The position of Churches, national heritage. Through its central office, the state apostrophized as enemies of the established system, has entrusted the National Monument Protection has also changed accordingly over the decades. Authority —which brought together the best experts While in the initial period the absolute secularization of the era— with the reconstruction and internal ren- was the aim, from the mid-1960s, besides finan- ovation of the churches. Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 6 (2019) 131 ERZSÉBET URBÁN HUNGARIAN PUBLICATION AND Catholic church space was getting closer to the space INTERPRETATION OF THE REFORMS of the Reformed churches. The reform brings down The Archdiocese of Esztergom has already drew the pulpit from its former high position to the place attention to the most important points of a council of the Liturgia Verbi. The priestly chair, the sedile reforms in its circular letter of the 20 March 1965: becomes part of the daily mass, and in connection while the use of own national language is uniform- with this the legile, the reading stand is added as a ly mandatory in the Instruktio section, in respect new element. Standing sacrifice is allowed, and while of the liturgical space, the use of versus populum it is recommended but not mandatory to establish a altar named in the Constitutio section, is primarily versus populum altar, the use of the sedile, the legile recommended but not obligatory.1 Considering the and the ambo are absolutely necessary. The rest of protection of existing values, from the ecclesiastical the manuscript deals with the detailed analysis of point of view, the transformation of liturgical spaces existing or new elements used in the liturgical space, should be done only in those cases where the valua- taking into account the characteristics of the historic ble artworks and installations are not damaged by the churches. Each chapter is divided into three main intervention. The circular cautioned the parish priests sections: requirements, conditions and solutions. against mediocre creations in the spirit of innovation, An important element of the manuscript is the pres- and highlighted the importance of noble artistic value entation of solutions fitting into the constraints of of the new installations. The Hungarian translation historical insides that might be considered good or at of the central provision of the Vatican II had been most compromised, which Dümmerling recommends completed relatively slow: between 1966 and 1988, to designers for practical implementation. the Saint Stephen Society published the documents in As a result of council reforms, efforts to trans- Hungary, not all at once but in forms of little booklets form existing liturgical spaces throughout the country (Fig. 01). In addition, interpretive dictionaries and accelerated. During the initial period, often unprofes- explanatory texts have been published in columns of sional interventions took place, so central, profession- several Christian journals for a long time. al support of the architectural-space renewal became In 1966, Ödön Dümmerling published his man- essential from both church and monument protection uscript to support the professional renewal of the side. Theoretical and practical training of pastors and sacred heritage. Interpreting the rules, in the intro- designers has become very urgent. At the conference ductory part Dümmerling clearly stated the Church’s held on the 17 March 1967 the Hungarian Bench requirements for liturgical spaces, that the Church of Bishops established a three-member bishopric considers it important to protect valuable old mem- ories, while it also considers it appropriate to for- committee for the introduction of the liturgy reform mulate new works of art by contemporary means. in Hungary. In order to protect historic churches, the From an architectural point of view, an essential committee was in direct contact with the National element of the summary is the interpretation of the Monument Inspectorate (Országos Mûemléki spatial impact of liturgical reform on the church Felügyelõség, OMF). The guidelines of the Vatican space, which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role and Impact of the ICOMOS Activity and Statutes As a Contributor to the Public Governance of the World Heritage Protection
    Yurinets J.L. ♦ The Role and Impact of the ICOMOS Activity and Statutes as a Contributor to the Public Governance of the World Heritage Protection Abstract: It is considered a role and impact of the activity and statutes of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). It is given the proofs that for the States Parties to the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage - it is possible to exactly comply with their international commitments, observing ICOMOS regulations. It is illustrated that ICOMOS activity can be considered as an integral part of the Good Governance, executed together with official institutions (state authorities) and non-governmental actors (business, community). The administrative and legal nature of the ICOMOS documents is analyzed. Keywords: UNESCO; ICOMOS; cultural heritage; natural heritage; Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage; public governance; ICOMOS statute; Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. The preservation of cultural heritage and finding solutions to global environmental problems are basics of human civilization’s life and development. Historically, the protection of cultural heritage was a state’s domestic jurisdiction. The international community acknowledgement of the utmost importance of these aspects is giving rise to the international legal regulation of the cultural objects protection and environment preservation [12, p. 1]. The report [13] mentioned the fact that at the end of XXth century the international law contained more than 100 international statutes, regulating the discovery, preservation, protection, study and promotion of cultural property.The system of these statutes is so extensive, that it _______________________ ♦ Yurinets Julia Leonidovna – PhD in Law, Associate Professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law Department of the Legal Institute of the National Aviation University, Kyiv (Ukraine).
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Ethics Today: Are Our Conservation-Restoration Theories and Practice Ready for the Twenty-First Century? Introductory Notes to Some Central Issues
    Protection of cultural heritage 8 (2019) 10.35784/odk.1099 CONSERVATION ETHICS TODAY: ARE OUR CONSERVATION-RESTORATION THEORIES AND PRACTICE READY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY? INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO SOME CENTRAL ISSUES SCHÄDLER-SAUB Ursula 1 1 Graduated in Conservation-Restoration, PhD in Art History, Speaker of the National Scientific Committee on Conservation-Restoration, ICOMOS Germany, Professor for History and Theory of Conservation-Restoration and Art History at the Faculty of Architecture, Engineering and Conservation, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Hildesheim (Germany); [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-8485 The present publication in the journal series “Protection of cultural heritage” of ICOMOS Poland and the Technical University of Lublin is the result of an interdisciplinary exchange and cooperation between three international and national scientific committees of ICOMOS (the ISC Theory and Philosophy of Conservation-Restoration, the ISC Stone, and the German NSC Conservation-Restoration of Wall Paintings and Architectural Surfaces), renowned institutions of conservation-restoration and history of art, as well as institutions of education and professional representation in this field (the National Italian Conservation Institute Opificio delle Pietre Dure OPD in Florence, the Kunsthistorisches Institut, Max-Planck-Institut in Florence, the European Confederation of Conservator-Restorers’ Organisation E.C.C.O., the European Network of Conservation-Restoration Education ENCoRE, the Italian and German Professional Associations of Conservator-Restorers (A.R.I. Associazione Restauratori d’Italia and VDR Verband der Restauratoren). It is based on an international ICOMOS conference held in Florence in March 2018, supported by the Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco and its international institute Life Beyond Tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Venice Charter 1964)
    The Venice Charter (1964) La Charte de Venise (1964) A bibliography Une bibliographie By UNESCO-ICOMOS Documenta on Centre - February 2012 Par le Centre de Documenta on UNESCO-ICOMOS - Février 2012 Prepared and edited by UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre. UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre. Préparé et édité par le Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS. Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS. © UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre, February 2012. ICOMOS - International Council on Monuments and sites / Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites 49-51 rue de la Fédération 75015 Paris FRANCE http://www.international.icomos.org UNESCO-ICOMOS Documentation Centre / Centre de Documentation UNESCO-ICOMOS : http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/index.html Cover photographs: Photos de couverture : First Page of the original manuscript of the Venice Charter (Cover of ICOMOS Scientific Journal “The Venice Charter 164-1994”, Paris 1994) Venice ©J. Barlet Content / Sommaire International Charter For The Conservation And Restoration Of Monuments And Sites (The Venice Charter 1964) ..... 3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Article 1. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Article 2. ...............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Questions of Authenticity JUKKA JOKILEHTO
    Questions of authenticity JUKKA JOKILEHTO Abstract: This paper focuses on the evolution of the concept of authenticity in the context of heritage conservation. It ana- lyzes the initial conception in the Venice Charter, and the changes it underwent following the discussions held at Bergen and Nara in 1994. It also explores additional changes, taking into consideration social aspects, as well as broader environmental perspectives. Through the analysis of examples, international principles and criteria are shown as a valuable reference and methodological framework to approach specific heritage sites, taking into consideration their local context. Keywords: Authenticity, diversity, Nara, reconstruction. The notion of “authenticity” is sometimes simply interpreted as being true. However, the issue is more complex than that. Even the word “true” can have different connotations in the diverse world regions. The word “authentic” has its origins in the ancient Greek and Latin languages, which implies a Mediterranean cultural context. However, since then it has acquired a complex set of references. There are two levels of thought, one is the local level, based on social and cultural traditions. The other is the international context, which proposes to recognize the commonality of human values and consequently the possibility to develop an international policy framework for the treatment of inheritance, as has been stated in the Venice Charter. The recognition of a common heritage of humanity can be seen as a positive outcome of the tragedies caused by two world wars in the 20th century. At the same time, the Preface of the Venice Charter also anticipates the need to recognize the diversity of cultures and traditions and the encouragement of: “each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions.” Therefore, while the international guidelines provide the framework, the verification of authenticity will necessarily be made in reference to the heritage resource concerned, taking into account its context.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Need a New Florence Charter? the Importance Of
    sustainability Article Do We Need a New Florence Charter? The Importance of Authenticity for the Maintenance of Historic Gardens and Other Historic Greenery Layouts in the Context of Source Research (Past) and Taking into Account the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Idea (Future) Marzanna Jagiełło Department of Architecture Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Landscape, Faculty of Architecture Wrocław, University of Science and Technology, 50-317 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] Abstract: This year, 40 years have passed since the adoption of the basic document for the protection of historic gardens, i.e., the Florence Charter. During this time, its recommendations have been verified by both conservation and researchers’ actions, who in various environments discussed its meaning as well as its essential shortcomings. Some of the provisions of the Charter were criticized in the context of the effects of their use, especially those relating to the issue of historic gardens fundamental protection, namely to authenticity in its various scopes with particular emphasis on the use of source research which raises many reservations for conservation actions. Moreover, Citation: Jagiełło, M. Do We Need a their excessively superficial interpretation, which was demonstrated by the example of the most New Florence Charter? The popular plant used in regular gardens, namely boxwood. This article presents and analyzes the Importance of Authenticity for the Maintenance of Historic Gardens and most important theses of these discussions and the main axes of the dispute, dividing them into Other Historic Greenery Layouts in two parts, i.e., the first relating to authenticity and the other to the use of sources.
    [Show full text]
  • International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (The Venice Charter 1964)
    INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES (THE VENICE CHARTER 1964) IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964. Adopted by ICOMOS in 1965. Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity. It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document.
    [Show full text]
  • Verschuiving Van Waarden 1. Van Conservation Naar Adaptive Reuse 2
    Over de toekomstigheid van het verleden en een herijking van waarden Uhasselt – Faculteit Architectuur en Kunst – Onderzoeksgroep: TRACE, Erfgoed & Herbestemming Koenraad Van Cleempoel, Prof. dr. Bie Plevoets, dr. Saidja Heynickx, Prof. Arch. Nikolaas Vande Keere, Prof. Ir. Arch. Marijn vande Weijer, dr. Vlad Ionescu, dr. Karen Lens, dra. Arch. TV TRACE: UR Architects (Nikolaas Vande Keere + Regis Verplaetse) Broekx-Schiepers Architecten Architect Saidja Heynickx onderzoeksgroep TRACE Over de toekomstigheid van het verleden en een herijking van waarden Algemene beschouwingen relatie tot het verleden & ‘ownership’ zorgen van het agentschap trends Verschuiving van waarden van restauratie-conservatie naar hergebruik van materieel naar immateriaal erfgoed van experten (verticaal) naar een proces (horizontaal) Weven tussen verleden en toekomst; methodologische beschouwingen Slotbeschouwing ivm rol van het agentschap Over de toekomstigheid van het verleden en een herijking van waarden … the historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its presence; the historical sense compels a man to write not merely with his own generation in his bones, but with a feeling that the whole literature of his own country has a simultaneous existence and composes a simultaneous order. This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless and the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional. TS Eliot 'Tradition and Individual Talent', The Egoist, No. 4, 1919 Carlo Scarpa Castelvecchio museum 1954 Over de toekomstigheid van het verleden en een herijking van waarden Just as in centrist modern practice time is conceptually excluded, in preservation the time of a work from the past is simply stopped by techniques of conservation, or even in extreme cases turned back through radical restoration measures, to an imagined, immaculate initial state.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements, Qualities and Solutions. Remodelling Liturgical Spaces After Vatican II in Hungary Requisitos, Calidades Y Soluciones
    Requirements, Qualities and Solutions. Remodelling Liturgical Spaces after Vatican II in Hungary Requisitos, calidades y soluciones. Remodelación de espacios litúrgicos después del Vaticano II en Hungría Erzsébet Urbán · BME-Faculty of Architecture (Budapest, Hungary), [email protected] Recibido: 05/08/2019 Aceptado: 14/01/2020 https://doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6233 ABSTRACT After the Second World War the ecclesiastical property was drastically reduced in Hungary. However, Vatican II gave an intense motivation and impulse to the spiritual-psychical revival for the communities and by this time, the preservation of the religious heritage got some statal, professional attention too. The restoration or reconstruction works were often linked with the acute interior transformations according to Vatican II. Although the Hungarian publication and interpretation of the reforms were relatively slow, still a few essential informative discussions were born. The Venice Charter (1964) also had a sig- nificant effect on the monument preservation methodology in this period. Analysing the theoretical approach of the Vatican II Constitution and Instruction a close parallelism can be identified with the architectural aspects of the Venice Charter: respect the old parts with the obviously distinguishable, new supplements, and create modern artworks with high artistic quality. The end of the paper cites some brief case studies to present the practical implementation of the directives. KEYWORDS Hungary, Vatican II, Theory vs. Practice, Architectural Methodology, Venice Charter RESUMEN Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la propiedad eclesiástica se redujo drásticamente en Hungría. El Concilio Vaticano II dio una intensa motivación e impulso al avivamiento psíquico-espiritual de las comunidades.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significance of the Venice International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, with Special Reference to Eastern Countries* "
    The Significance of the Venice International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, with Special Reference to Eastern Countries* " Roland Silva Basie,1983 Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which Mr .Chainnan. Ladies and Gentlemen. record the decisions and the resolutions of the meeting held in Venice in 1964; and which agreement is popularly known I am indeed privileged to speak to an enlightened audience today asthe Venice Charter, is in our minds aMagna Carta for such as this. I am even more privileged to be associatedwith the safeguardingof the monumental heritage of mankind for such eminent lecturers as those listed. to speak on a most the sake of the generationsof the present and the future. It is important subject. and that at the first International get- also the ten commandments of conservation where it together. I am deeply grateful to the organisers for the high specifically says, thou shall not destroy. It also allows for honour they have placed on me in inviting me to this historic nonaligned indifference towards the disintegration of meeting, monuments and of sites. Mini -In tema ti onalism Yes, Ladies and Gentlemen, it is and was the diplomatic charterspecificallyformulated to soothetheroused consciences We have for many years voiced our opinion. and indeed of many .sensitiveconservators and those of the serious lovers our sentiments. concerning International Institutions which of monuments.It has served its purpose, and will continue to have had an unparalleled impact on society at an extremely servethe objectives of the present generation, if diplomacy is high and significant level.
    [Show full text]
  • The Venice Charter – La Charte De Venise
    Centre de Documentation – ICOMOS - Documentation Centre THE VENICE CHARTER – LA CHARTE DE VENISE BIBLIOGRAPHY – BIBLIOGRAPHIE 024594 - A Carta de Veneza: 1964-2004. Brito Correia, Miguel. Lisboa, GECoRPA, 2004. p. 36. (Pedra e Cal. 22) (por). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: venice charter; charters; conservation of cultural heritage. // ICOMOS ACCESSION NO: K-507. ISSN: 1645-4863. 024279 - Venice Chapter doctrine and the contemporary possibilities of its realisation. Szmygin, Boguslaw. Sofia, BNC/ICOMOS, 1996. p. 176-179. (eng). In: "11th ICOMOS General Assembly and International symposium: "The heritage and social changes - symposium papers". PRIMARY KEYWORDS: conservation of cultural heritage; Venice charter; Poland. ACCESSION NO: 14683. 024238 - All reconstructions must be ruled out...(in Hungary)? 15th article of Venice Charter. Winkler, Gábor. Budapest, ETK, 2004. p. 182-187. (Muemlékvédelem: Kulturális örökségvédelmi Folyóirat. XLVIII, 2004; Special Issue) (eng). Inc. bibl. PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Venice Charter; reconstruction; Hungary. ACCESSION NO: K-336. ISSN: 0541-2439. 024236 - The ICOMOS Charters: common ground - common principles - common purpose. Walker, Meredith. Budapest, ETK, 2004. p. 181. (Muemlékvédelem: Kulturális örökségvédelmi Folyóirat. XLVIII, 2004; Special Issue) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Venice Charter; charters. ACCESSION NO: K-336. ISSN: 0541-2439. 024234 - "The stone tell a story". Vladar, Agnes H. Budapest, ETK, 2004. p. 180. (Muemlékvédelem: Kulturális örökségvédelmi Folyóirat. XLVIII, 2004; Special Issue) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Venice Charter; architectural heritage. ACCESSION NO: K-336. ISSN: 0541-2439. 024232 - Raymond M. Lemaire (1921-1997) and the Charter of Venice: in defence of architecture. Verpoest, Luc. Budapest, ETK, 2004. p. 174-178. (Muemlékvédelem: Kulturális örökségvédelmi Folyóirat. XLVIII, 2004; Special Issue) (eng). PRIMARY KEYWORDS: Venice Charter; conservation of architecture. // Lemaire, Raymond // ICOMOS ACCESSION NO: K-336.
    [Show full text]
  • The INTBAU Venice Declaration on the Conservation of Monuments and Sites in the 21St Century
    The INTBAU Venice Declaration On the Conservation of Monuments and Sites in the 21st Century The Athens Charter of 1931 made an important contribution toward the development of an extensive international movement for the safeguarding of our common heritage for future generations. The Venice Charter of 1964, noting problems which have continually become more complex and varied, re-examined the Athens Charter, made a thorough study of the principles involved, and enlarged its scope in a new document. Almost half a century later, we have witnessed new problems and new complexities. Foremost among them is the challenge to maintain coherent and sustainable urban environments, within which historic monuments are often seamless elements, and living repositories of important and useful knowledge. It has also been noted that the Venice Charter did not sufficiently address challenges beyond Europe and the United States, and overlooked the vital role that traditional building crafts continue to play. Lastly, a number of logical contradictions have become evident within the Charter itself, or within its over-rigid interpretation. Accordingly, a group of international leaders in conservation, architecture, urbanism and environmental planning, met in Venice in November, 2006, and agreed that the time has come to clarify the Venice Charter and its interpretation, addressing in particular the following issues: - The PREAMBLE notes our common responsibility to safeguard ancient monuments for future generations and to “hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity”. It is now understood, however, that any act of conservation or restoration is inevitably an act of alteration based upon historically partial knowledge. Hence the goal of authenticity must not be interpreted to require an absolute state of preservation of pre-categorized moments in time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Venice Charter 1964)
    INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES (THE VENICE CHARTER 1964) IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964. Adopted by ICOMOS in 1965. Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity. It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document.
    [Show full text]