Con Serv Ation Area Appraisal Old Bearsd En
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BNM RDQU @SHNM @QD@ @OOQ@HR@K NKC AD@QRC DM SNVM RB@OD OQNSDBSHNM @QD@ @OOQ@HR@KR ODM C HBKD QN@C VG HSDG T QRS AD@QRC DM BQNRR 2 BNM SDM SR AD@QRC DM M NQSG O@QHRG BG T QBG 0- HM SQNC T BSHNM 1- G HRSNQHB BNM SDW S % SNVM RB@OD BG @Q@BSDQ 2- ED@ST QDR NE RODBH@K @QBG HSDBST Q@K @M C G RHSNQHB HM SDQDRS 2- BT QQDM S HRRT DR 3- BNM BKT RHNM R @M C OQDKHL HM @QX QDBNL L DM C @SHNM R @OODM C HBHDR @- OK@M M HM F F T HC @M BD @M C ONKHBHDR A- RNT QBDR NE @C U HBD @M C HM ENQL @SHNM @M C QDEDQDM BDR 3 HM SQNC T BSHNM OK@P T D ING M @M C DQRNM " F @QC DM R East Dunbartonshire has 12 Conservation Areas and 25 Townscape Protection Areas. Conservation areas (C.A.’s) are defined in the Town and Countr Planning legislation as #…. Areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.” Townscape Protection Areas (T.P.A.’s) are a Council designation used to identif other localities with distinctive architectural and historic qualities. The original surve work and designation of man of the CA’s and TPA’s date back to the mid 1970’s. The Old Bearsden CA was designated on , -arch 19.9. /ollowing commitments set out in the East Dunbartonshire 0ocal Plan a comprehensive review of each area is underway. Detailed re1assessments of the Old Bearsden Outstanding Conservation Area (CA) and the Townscape Protection Areas (TPA’s) at Pendicle 2oad and 3hitehurst have now been carried out , involving51 • A ‘walk over’ and appraisal surve . • An assessment of the current appropriateness of the designation and area boundaries. • An assessment of the degree and quality of change since the original designation. 4 • 3here necessar a consideration of wider 6&anagement’ issues such as open space maintenance, traffic management, controls over tree works, opportunities for development and condition and appearance of street furniture such as bus shelters and signs. The Conservation Area Appraisal This work is drawn together in this #Appraisal”, which is based on advice in the Scottish E9ecutive Planning Advice Note no. 71 – Conservation Area -anagement. The Appraisal summarises the surve and assessment work, describes the CA’s and TPA’s and their historical significance and townscape character, identifies ongoing conservation issues and sets out policies and proposals for future management. The Appraisal includes historic maps and photographs and it is hoped it will also be of interest for reference and educational use. Public Consultation The Appraisal is initially published in a draft form to allow consultation with local residents, local Councillors and other interested parties. A public meeting will also be held. 2egard will be taken of views and comments submitted in response to the consultation process prior to the publication of the final version of the Appraisal. L @OR NE SG D B@"R @M C SO@"R 1. Locality Map 2. Town Centre Map 3. Historic Maps 5 G HRSNQHB C DU DKNOL DM S NE SG D NKC AD@QRC DM BNM RDQU @SHNM @QD@ @M C SG D HM EKT DM BD NM SNVM RB@OD BG @Q@BSDQ M DV J HQJ QN@C Introduction A ‘walk over’ surve has been carried out over several days complimented b a ‘desk stud ’ analysis of historic maps, local histor documents and other archived material. This information is used in the following summar of the historic development of the CA and its influence on the layout and townscape character. The principal elements influencing the historic development of the Old Bearsden Outstanding CA are considered to be51 • The 2oman antiquities and their influence on the present street pattern. 6 • The ‘hamlet ’ of New Kilpatrick. • The railway, railway station, and the development of Bearsden as a ‘villa suburb’. The Antonine 3all A@SG G NT RD Constructed under the orders of the 2oman emperor Antoninus Pius in AD 142 the 3all; a banked rampart of blocks of turf at least ,.5 metres high, laid on a 4.2 metre wide stone foundation, stretched from Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde to BoAness on the /orth. To the immediate north was a defensive ditch up to 12.5m wide; to the immediate south ‘The -ilitar 3ay’, a road linking regularly spaced forts and fortlets along the length of the 3all. One of the sixteen or so principal forts was located Bust east of Bearsden Cross. This was a substantial feature, e9ternally measuring 100 metres b 112 metres, with an anne9e on the east side, about 109 metres b 55 metres. The fort ramparts, again of turf construction with stone bases, were fronted b a single ditch on the south, triple ditches on the west and, to the east, a double line of ditches outside the anne9e. In Bearsden, as elsewhere, the alignment of the 3all and the position of the fort took advantage of local topographical features of defensive value, in this case higher ground south and southwest of the steeper banks of the -anse Burn. The ramparts for the both the wall and the fort were still surve able features in mid1Cictorian times, and the present day 2oman 2oad, eastern section of Thorn 2oad and southern section of Thorn Drive, trace the alignment of the -ilitar 3ay. As the development of Bearsden 7 progressed the archaeological and cultural significance of the 3all and /ort were not fully appreciated, and the remnants were readily built over, from Boclair 2oad to the east to Thorn Drive to the west. Thus e9tant remains are only visible at specific locations, for e9ample the e9posed foundation stones in the New Kilpatrick Cemeter , Boclair 2oad, Bust outwith the CA boundaries. Incidentally the internal path layout of the cemeter resembles the outline of a centurion’s helmet. Of great archaeological significance was the discover , during the construction in the 1970’s of the 2oman Court flats on the site of four Cictorian villas east of Bearsden Cross and north of 2oman 2oad, of masonr associated with the bath house and ancillar buildings in the anne9e to the main fort. Having survived the Cictorian development, the layout of the flats was adBusted to allow the permanent public display of the relicts under the custodianship of Historic Scotland. The 3all was completed and then occupied as a defensive feature for little more than 20 ears. Notwithstanding the comparative emphemerality of the 2oman presence in Scotland, the 3all, /ort and -ilitar 3ay have clearly influenced the pattern of development in the CA and therefore undoubtedly contribute to its historic character and appearance. The Antonine 3all is a component part of an European wide network of defensive features marking the northern limits of the 2oman Empire, and these 6/rontiers of the 2oman Empire’ are currentl being considered for 3orld Heritage Site Status b DNESCO. Hamlet of New Kilpatrick M DV J HKO@SQHBJ O@QHRG BG T QBG 8 Bearsden Cross marks the ‘cross roads’ of the historic routes from Elasgow to Dr men and the east banks of 0och 0omond and a west/east route between Balmore/Torrance towards Duntocher/Clydebank and Old Kilpatrick. Around this intersection grew the small hamlet of New Kilpatrick. It takes its name from the surrounding parish, created in 1649 following the ‘disBoining’ of the then larger parish of Kilpatrick; the other part centred on the established church and hamlet at Old Kilpatrick on the north banks of the Clyde estuar . The 6:ew’ parish also encompassed the settlements, such as the were, of -ilngavie, Canniesburn, Dalsholm(sic), Earscadden, Knightswood, and Netherton. At the same time a new church was constructed on the site of the present church building. Subsequently rebuilt in 1.07, this building was further altered and e9tended in the 19th C. to create the present day church. Other buildings in e9istence in the early 19th C. included a manse, post office, stables, school and several small dwellings. At this time also large villas in substantial grounds began to appear in the locality; 0ochbrae, St. Eermains, 0edcameroch, Beechwood, Carrickarden within the boundaries of the CA and, to the north east Hillfoot and the larger mansion of Kilmardinn . Between lay farm steadings at /erguston and 3est Chapleton, plantation and shelter belts and undulating fields that, in the second half of the 19th C. and the early ears of the 20th C. were progressively built over to create the present day CA. The Cilla Suburb KDC B@L DQNBG QN@C 9 -id to 0ate Cictorian Times 2ailway lines, railwa stations and residential development went hand in hand in the mid to late 19th centur , as professional and mercantile classes sought refuge from the rapidly industrialising and e9panding towns and cities of Cictorian Britain. In the early 1.60’s a branch from the Elasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh line (itself opened in 1.5.), was laid from 3esterton to -ilngavie. As well as serving the established town of -ilngavie and its various works and mills the new line, running through dips in the ‘drumlin field’ topograph of the locality, greatly enhanced the development potential of the intervening, open farm land and facilitated the transport of the building materials. That Bearsden is not known as New Kilpatrick has been attributed to the railway compan seeking to avoid confusion in the minds of the travelling public with Old Kilpatrick, served b the established Dumbarton/Helensburgh line.