LNG to Power IPP Procurement Project
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Climate Change, Development and Energy Problems in South Africa: Another World Is Possible
CLIMATE CHANGE, DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: ANOTHER WORLD IS POSSIBLE. Earthlife Africa Jhb Earthlife Africa Jhb 20 CONTENTS Abbreviations 1 Foreword 2 Executive summary 4 Introduction 8 The long road to realising change 10 South Africa’s dilemma 14 Climate change in South Africa 17 The face of climate change 24 Is government response to climate change adequate? 29 The obstacles 34 Another world is possible 37 Conclusion 45 Afterword 47 Bibliography 48 ABBREVIATIONS Asgisa Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa BCLMP Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Programme CDM Clean Development Mechanism CDP Carbon Disclosure Project CO2 Carbon Dioxide CTL Coal to Liquid DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism GDP Gross Domestic Product GEAR Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy GHG Greenhouse gases GWC Growth Without Constraints GWh Gigawatt hour HLG High Level Group IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change JSE Johannesburg Securities Exchange KWh Kilowatt hour LTMS Long Term Mitigation Scenarios NCCS National Climate Change Strategy NEMA National Environmental Management Act NGO Non-governmental Organisation OCGT Open-Cycle Gas Turbines RBS Required By Science RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme TAC Treatment Action Campaign UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1 FOREWORD The scientific verdict is in; our planet is heating up and human activity is the cause. We already see indications of a dire future, with the Arctic ice sheet melting at rates faster than scientists predicted, and methane already bubbling up from the ocean floor. In South Africa, we already see changes in species distribution patterns, and indications of changes to wind and rainfall patterns. -
5.9 Aquatic Ecology (Streams, Wetlands & Pans)
5.9 AQUATIC ECOLOGY (STREAMS, WETLANDS & PANS) 5.9.1 Scope of Work 5.9.1.1 Wetland Baseline Investigation o Review and re-familiarisation with existing information; o Conduct a desktop and field investigation to extend the wetland delineation into areas not covered by existing information; o Classify wetlands according to HGM (SANBI, 2009); o Determine the Present Ecological State (PES) and Ecological Importance and Sensitivity of any wetlands on site using the Wetland Index of Habitat Integrity; and o Compile a detailed wetland delineation and assessment report, including a map of delineated wetlands and sensitive areas. 5.9.1.2 Aquatic Ecosystems Assessment o Review of existing information; o Bioassessment: Ecological assessment of aquatic biota (aquatic macroinvertebrates, diatoms) in streams and pans potentially impacted by the proposed borrow pits; o Present Ecological State (PES) of instream habitats and riparian areas (DWAF, 1999a, b); o Analysis of Water quality samples for major anions and cations, total dissolved solids, conductivity and pH; o Baseline aquatic ecosystems report compilation. The wetland delineation and assessment was undertaken as per the wetland delineation guidelines published by the Department of Water Affairs (2005), as well as the Mpumalanga Requirements for Biodiversity Assessments. More details on the methodology are provided below. 5.9.2 Field Work and Research Conducted Field work for the wetland delineation study was undertaken on the following dates: o 6-7 September 2011 o 5 January 2012 In addition, existing wetland data from the following previous studies was consulted and utilised where applicable: o Wetland Delineation and Impact Assessment for the proposed Sasol Fine Ash Dam Project, Wetland Consulting Services, 2011. -
The Future of South African Coal: Market, Investment, and Policy Challenges
PROGRAM ON ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Working Paper #100 January 2011 THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN COAL: MARKET, INVESTMENT, AND POLICY CHALLENGES ANTON EBERHARD FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FREEMAN SPOGLI INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES About the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development The Program on Energy and Sustainable Development (PESD) is an international, interdisciplinary program that studies how institutions shape patterns of energy production and use, in turn affecting human welfare and environmental quality. Economic and political incentives and pre-existing legal frameworks and regulatory processes all play crucial roles in determining what technologies and policies are chosen to address current and future energy and environmental challenges. PESD research examines issues including: 1) effective policies for addressing climate change, 2) the role of national oil companies in the world oil market, 3) the emerging global coal market, 4) the world natural gas market with a focus on the impact of unconventional sources, 5) business models for carbon capture and storage, 6) adaptation of wholesale electricity markets to support a low-carbon future, 7) global power sector reform, and 8) how modern energy services can be supplied sustainably to the world’s poorest regions. The Program is part of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. PESD gratefully acknowledges substantial core funding from BP and EPRI. Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Encina Hall East, Room E415 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6055 http://pesd.stanford.edu About the Author Anton Eberhard leads the Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation at the University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business. -
Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL VALUE CHAIN PREPARED AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OCTOBER 2011 Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain | I Disclaimer: The statements and views of the South African Coal Roadmap are a consensus view of the participants in the development of the roadmap and do not necessarily represent the views of the participating members in their individual capacity. An extensive as reasonably possible range of information was used in compiling the roadmap; all judgments and views expressed in the roadmap are based upon the information available at the time and remain subject to further review. The South African Coal Roadmap does not guarantee the correctness, reliability or completeness of any information, judgments or views included in the roadmap. All forecasts made in this document have been referenced where possible and the use and interpretation of these forecasts and any information, judgments or views contained in the roadmap is entirely the risk of the user. The participants in the compiling of this roadmap will not accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any information contained in the roadmap or any statements, judgments or views expressed as part of the South African Coal Roadmap. SYNTHESIS enables a wide range of stakeholders to discuss the future of the industry. The fact that at this stage in the process Phase The South African Coal Roadmap (SACRM) process I does not provide any clarity on the outlook for the South African coal industry is o"set by the constructive process The need for a Coal Roadmap for South Africa was identi!ed which has been initiated, which augurs well for the successful in 2007 by key role players in the industry, under the auspices development of a South African Coal Roadmap in Phase II. -
POWER AFRICA GAS ROADMAP to 2030 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many Individuals and Organizations Contributed to the Development of This Power Africa Gas Roadmap
POWER AFRICA GAS ROADMAP TO 2030 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many individuals and organizations contributed to the development of this Power Africa Gas Roadmap. This strategy blends the ideas, input, and vision from a wide range of Power Africa’s many partners, including those serving in U.S. Government agencies and posts across sub-Saharan Africa, the private sector, international finance institutions, and other partners. In particular, we would like to extend a special thanks to the following people outside of the U.S. Government, who provided detailed input and insight: Adrian P. Hamra–ExxonMobil; Robert Appelbaum, John Smelcer, Gibbs Johnson–Webber Wentzel; Angelo Madera, Alessandro Gelmetti, Nadira Haraigue–Eni; Kribs Govender–Sasol; Marcel Bruhwiller– International Finance Corporation; Jeffrey Krilla–Kosmos Energy; Frederik Smits van Oyen–Cheniere; Katan Hirachand–Société Générale; Paul Eardley-Taylor–Standard Bank; Ross Boyd–General Electric. Finally, a special acknowledgement to all of the staff across U.S. Government agencies and departments involved in developing this Power Africa Gas Roadmap. Cover: The 180 MW Songas Ubungo generation plant in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, supplies nearly one-quarter of the country’s electricity and uses the country’s own natural gas resources (Photo: Songas/Globeleq) II POWER AFRICA I GAS ROADMAP TO 2030 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Executive Summary 13 Catalyzation Impact 2 9 Introduction 13 Diversification and Flexibility FOREWORD 9 Power Africa’s Focus on Gas 13 The Global LNG Market: 9 Resource Potential Why Imported -
Toxic Futures
Toxic Futures i ii Toxic Futures South Africa in the Crises of Energy, Environment and Capital David Hallowes iii Published in 2011 by University of KwaZulu-Natal Press Private Bag X01 Scottsville, 3209 South Africa Email: [email protected] Website: www.ukznpress.co.za © 2011 groundWork All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. ISBN: 978-1-86914-211-7 Managing editor: Sally Hines Editor: Jane Argall Typesetter: Patricia Comrie Proofreader: Alison Lockhart Indexer: Christopher Merrett Cover design: publicide Cover photograph: South Africa’s biggest oil refinery operated by Shell and BP amongst the residential neighbourhoods in south Durban during a plant upset in October 2002 (by groundWork) groundWork is a non-profit environmental justice service and development organisation working primarily in South Africa but increasingly in Southern Africa. groundWork seeks to improve the quality of life of people through assisting civil society to have a greater impact on environmental governance. groundWork places particular emphasis on assisting vulnerable and previously disadvantaged people who are most affected by environmental injustices. groundWork is Friends of the Earth, South Africa. Printed and bound by Interpak Books, Pietermaritzburg iv Contents Foreword by Nnimmo Bassey vii Acknowledgements -
Vortrag Bobby Peek Groundwork
The consequences of – effects of coal mining and power generation from coal in South Africa Bobby Peek 21-22 June 2013 Kӧӧӧnigswinter Brief overview • Who is groundWork, Friends of the Earth South Africa • South African context • Carbon Economy • Global Impacts of coal in general • Impacts of coal in South Africa (Highveld) World's largest grassroots environmental network 76 national member groups 5,000 local activist groups on every continent With over 2 million members and supporters globally South African Context Unemployment rates July 2012: Official 25% - Expanded 33% Employed: 40% (15 to 65yrs) Income intercepted before people receive it, resulting in increases levels of debt. De Doorns 2012-2013 Marikana August 2013 Coal: Secrecy and Spying • Eskom contracted Swartberg Intelligence Support Services to spy on communities around Medupi and on NGOs Earthlife Africa Jhb, groundWork and Greenpeace Africa. • Brian Dames, CEO of Eskom, has also communicated publicly that the contract with Swartberg Intelligence Support Services has been terminated and that the issue will be investigated by an Eskom-appointed body • The results of the investigation have not been made public as yet. Secrecy Bill: Protection of State Information Bill Present challengers: - National Key Points Act - Promotion of Access to Inform Information - ArcelorMittal; Master Plan and Permits Carbon Economy • SA Economy – Mineral and Energy Complex: – Wealth and power to direct development is held by a few large corporations – Concentration of economic power = SA one -
Cultural Guiding - Explore
Cultural Guiding - Explore The Mpumalanga Province 2 – WildlifeCampus Cultural Guiding Course – Mpumalanga Module # 1 – Mpumalanga Province Overview Component # 1 – Mpumalanga Province Overview Module # 2 – Cultural Overview Component # 1 – Mpumalanga Cultural Overview Module # 3 – Historical Overview Component # 1 – Mpumalanga Historical Overview Module # 4 – Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Component # 1 – Mpumalanga Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Module # 5 – The Cosmos Region Component # 1 – Discover The Cosmos Region Module # 6 – The Grasslands and Wetlands Component # 1 – Discover Ermelo and other towns Component # 2 – Discover Badplaas, Chrissiesmeer and other towns Module # 7 – The Cultural Heartland Component # 1 – Discover The Cultural Heartland Module # 8 – The Highlands Meander Component # 1 – Discover The Highlands Meander Module # 9 – The Lowveld Legogote Component # 1 – Discover The Lowveld Legogote Module # 10 – The Wild Frontier Component # 1 – Discover The Wild Frontier Mpumalanga Province Overview This course material is the copyrighted intellectual property of WildlifeCampus. It may not be copied, distributed or reproduced in any format whatsoever without the express written permission of WildlifeCampus. 3 – WildlifeCampus Cultural Guiding Course – Mpumalanga Module # 11 – The Panorama Route Component # 1 – Discover The Great Escarpment and Blyde River Canyon Component # 2 – Discover Pilgrim's Rest and Sabie Mpumalanga Province Overview This course material is the copyrighted intellectual property of WildlifeCampus. It may not be copied, distributed or reproduced in any format whatsoever without the express written permission of WildlifeCampus. 4 – WildlifeCampus Cultural Guiding Course – Mpumalanga Module 1 - Component 1 Mpumalanga Province Overview Leaving Gauteng, on route to the Lowveld, the early bird is greeted by the rising sun as it lights up the rolling grasslands of the Highveld. -
Understanding the Impact of a Low Carbon Transition on South Africa
Understanding the impact of a low carbon transition on South Africa Matthew Huxham Muhammed Anwar David Nelson March 2019 A CPI Energy Finance Report March 2019 Understanding the impact of a low carbon transition on South Africa Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without the support of our funders, Agence Française de Développement, in particular Laurent Bergadaa, and the Advisory Finance Group of the World Bank. We received invaluable guidance and feedback from during the analytical process from stakeholders including South African energy companies, financial institutions, government officials, think tanks and academics, with particularly useful support from the Development Bank of Southern Africa and the University of Cape Town Energy Research Centre. Descriptors Sector Energy, oil, coal, power Region South Africa Keywords Stranded assets, transition risk Related CPI reports Moving to a Low-Carbon Economy: The Impact of Policy Pathways on Fossil Fuel Asset Values 2014 Government Assets: Risks and Opportunities in a Changing Climate Policy Landscape 2016 Contact Matthew Huxham [email protected] Felicity Carus [email protected] Muhammed Anwar [email protected] About CPI Climate Policy Initiative works to improve the most important energy and land use policies around the world, with a particular focus on finance. An independent organisation supported in part by foundation funding, CPI works in places that provide the most potential for policy impact including Brazil, China, Europe, India, Indonesia and the US. CPI's Energy Finance practice is a multidisciplinary team of economists, analysts and financial and energy industry professionals focused on developing innovative finance and market solutions that accelerate the energy transition.