UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .. ,~ .- (.tongrcssional1Rc(ord

tb PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 94 CONGRESS SECOND SESSION

VOLUME 122-PART 1

OANUARY 19, 1976 TO JANUARY 27, 1976

(PAGES 1 TO 1234)

UNITED STATES GOVER.NMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, 1976 1156 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 2.7, 1976 RECESS UNTIL 12:45 P.M. David LaRoche be granted the privileges To confirm any nomInee to thJspOst Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. I ask of the fioor during this debate. at any time requires an act of faith on una.n1mous consent that the Senatestand The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the pal't of each Member of this body, in recess untll 12:45 p.m. today. objection. it is so ordered. acting in behalf of the public at large. There being no objection, the Senate, :Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield To confirm this nominee, at thJs time, at 11:18 a.m., recessed until 12:45 p.m.; myself 5 minutes. under these circumstances demands whereupon the Senate reassembled, Mr. President, yesterday in this Cham­ more than an act of faith. it requires an when called to order by the Presiding ber I expressed my reasons for OPpOsing insensitivity to public skepticism over Officer (Mr. FORD). the confirmation of Mr. George H. Bush the prudence and propriety ~f the nom­ as Direct()r of the Central Intelligence ination itself. Agency, In short, Mr. President. the nomina­ I said that the appointment of so tion of a clearly perceived pOlitical per­ QUORUM CALL clearly perceived a political figure to di­ sonage to insure the PUl'Pose and protect ThePRESIDINGOFFICER. The Chair rect the rebuilding of this Agency would the integrity of an agency so recently suggests the absence of a quorum. undercult two self-evident priorities: vulneruble to political subornation does The clerk will call the roll. First. The need to restore CIA probity not illGpire public confidence. It simply The legislative clerk proceeded t() call by insuring the Agency's future adher­ raises suspicion, doubts, and cynicism at the roll. ence to its statutory purpose and by in­ a time when the CIA desperately needs Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask sulating the Agency from political eQl'­ trnst, faith, and confidence. \manimous consent that the order for mption of that purpose. One more point, Mr. President. the quorum call be rescinded. . Second. And. equally Important, the Should he be confirmed, Mr. Bush will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Heed to convince the American people be the fourth CIA Director in only 3 objection, it is so ordered. that the restoration effort is sincere and years. that the end result can be trusted. When it considered the nomination, We are about to vote on this matter, tlle committee addressed the important Mr. President, but I would like to take question of tenure, and properly stressed EXTENSION OF TIME FOR FILING a few minutes to emphasize those funda­ the need for continuity of leadeI'8hip at REPORT mental considerations. this critical stage In the life of the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The majority report on the nomination agency. unanimous consent that the Committee makes two important points: . The majority of the committee was on Armed Services and the Committee First. That whoever is named to this satisfied on this point when the President on Foreign Relations may have until post must be insulated from political took Mr. Bush off the list of Vice Presi­ midnight tonight to file a report on considerations if he or she is to be effec­ dential possibilities, ostensibly assuring House Joint Resolution 549. dealing with tive and objective in intelligence gath­ us that the nominee would occupy the the covenant with the Northel'l1 Mari­ ering, and that he or she must use the post at least through the upcoming cam- ana Islands. substantial and secret power of the office paign. , , The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without scrupuously within the law, even when But if extended tenure·is a real con­ objection. it is so ordered. , political 01' personal interests may pres- sideration, as I believe it is. how.is that Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. I sure otherwise. ' concept served by confirming a political suggest the absence of a quorum. Second. That the intelligence commu­ pei'son in that post during a Presidential The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk nity, the Congress, and the American election year? will call the roll. people must always have full confidence Where is the guaranty of tenure be­ The second assistant legislative clerk in the character of the Director of Cen­ yond January 20, 1977, if anyone other proceeded to call the roll. tralIntellig'ence. than Mr. Ford is sworn in as President? Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President. I ask Can anyone in this Chamber question Where is the guaranty of tenure there? unanimous consent that the order for those objectives? They are from the ma­ And where does this leave the CIA'l the quorum call be rescinded. jOlity report on this nomination. Can the prospect of a political appointee The PRESIDING OFFICER. (Mr. If the answer is "no," as it ought to as Director. and all that this portends, GLENN). Without objection, it is so be, then why, I ask, did the President improve morale within a .. demoralized ordered. choose this particular moment in the Agency any more than it canjnSpire CIA history to nominate an lndividual public confidence outside the Agency? so certain to inspire skepticism? I fear not, Mr. president. I fear not. EXECUTIVESESSIOK-N01\tlINAnON Why now, of all times, does he ask us In conclusion, then, I urge my col­ OF GEORGE BUSH TO BE DIREC­ to breal{ the 27-year history precedent leagues to weigh very carefully the prec­ TOR OF CEN'l'RAL INTELLIGENCE of nonpolitical Directors of the CIA? edent we are being asked to set today TIlis is not a routine Executive ap­ and to ask themselves whether this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under pointment wherein the President's desire nomination is, in fact. In the best inter­ the previous order, the hour of 1 o'clock for a "team player" has some legitimacy. ests of the CIA or will in any way en­ having an-ived, the Senate will now go This is not a Cabinet appointment hance public confidence in the Agency into executive session to consider the '",herein the nominee is expected to serve ,,. or, for that matter. in the senate of nomination of Mr. GeOl'ge Bush to be his President as an instl'llUlent of Execu­ the United States. Director of Centl'al Intelligence. tive policy and power. The PRESIDING· OFFICER. Who The clerk will state the nomination. This is not even compal'able to the vields time? ' The assistant legislative clerk read as nomination of a Supreme Court Justice, • Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will tlle follows: wherein the President's desire for an ap­ the Senator yield me 6 minutes? I under­ Nomination, Central Intelligence. George pointee who shal'es his court philosophy stand the Senator from South Carolina Bush of Texas, to be the Director. is understandable and precedented, and has control of the time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Debate on where the ultimate independence of· the Mr. THURMOND. I yield 6 minutes to this nomination is limited to 2 hoUl's to justice is carefully insulated by tradition the Senator from Mississippi. be equally divided and controlled by the and the Constitution. Ml·. STENNIS. Mr. President, this Senator from South Carolina (MI'. No, my colleagues, this nomination is nomination before the Senate,· for Di­ 'I'lroRMOND) and the Senator from New for the diJ:ectm'ship of an agency whose rector of Central Intelligence is, of Hampshire (Mr. McINT.YRE) with the functions are vital, yet difficult to recon­ course, one of overwhelming Importance. vote thereon to occur at 3 p.m. cile with the values of a free people The nominee is Mr. George Bush,'as Is The Senator from NewHampshire. under the best of circumstances. And well known. :T Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I ask with all the evidence of abuses by and After hearings in· Dec~l'·l~t. the unanimous consent that two members of of the agency. these are surely not the Committee on AImed Services voted 12 my staff, Mr/!. Elizabeth Webber and best of cil'cmndances. to 4 to favorably repOrt tWs nolniDation. ]at;U-co'y 27, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1157 I judge, Mr. President, that probably candidate for Vice President. He respect­ must t:tke precedence over other considera­ there would have been a twanlmous re­ fully declined to make any binding as­ tions and there shOUld be continuity in tho port had there not been this question sertion of that kind. CIA leadership. Therefore, if Ambassador Bush is confirmed by the Senate as Director about whether Mr. Bush could conceiv­ Mr. President, may I have an addi­ of Central Intelligence, I will not consider fl,bly .be a candidate for Vice President tional 2 minutes? him fiS my Vice Presidential running mate of the United States, along with Mr. Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President. I In 1976. Ford as President. yield 2 additional minutes to the Sena­ He and r have discussed this in det.ail. In But before we get to that; I support tor. fact, Ile urged that. I make tilis decision. This this nomination on the basis of the char­ Mr. STENNIS. I admired his attitude says something about t.he man and about acter, the integrity, and the proven abil­ and openly approved it and I approve it his desire to do tills job for tile Nation. 'Thank you. Mr. Chairman. for your efforts ity and judgment of this nominee. now. on behalf of Ambassador Bush's nomination. I have seen a good many of them come He said "no," thDt he would not make I wlll deeply appreciate your effort.~ to ex­ andgo. any such promise. He would not bargain pedite approval of thIs nominee hy your I have not had a chance to know Mr. away any part, or one iota of his citizen­ CommIttee and the full Senate. Bush personally in the past. I knew him ship in such a way, just to be approved Sincerely, on a kind of official basis, but not inti­ for this appointment or any ot.her GERALD R. FORD. mately at all. appointment. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield I talked to him for an hour and a half As I say, I am glad he· answered that 10 minutes to the distinguished Senator in my office after this nomination came way. I would have thought less of him had from Vermont. in and I ask all the questions I could he not. But as it worked out, the develop­ Mr. LEAHY. I thank the distinguished think of. The responses not only satis­ ment came from the other direction. The Senator from New Hampshire. fied me as to these qualifications that I President of the United States wrote to Mr. President, before I begin my re~ have mentioned, but I was most favor­ me as chairman of the committee and marks. I ask unanimous consent that, ably impressed with the man, as a man for the committee. I have a letter here during the vote on the Bush nomination, of candor, frankness, aptness, and abil­ dated the 18th of December 19'15, which Douglas Racine of my stat! be granted ity. we put into the record of the hearings. privilege of the floor. His background is well known by now I a~k unanimous consent that a· copy The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without as a successful representative of the Gov­ of the same letter, Mr. President, be objection, it is so ordered. ernment in various capacities where he nrinted in'the RECORD at the conclusion Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, for more served. He spent 4 years in the House of of my remarks. than 1 year the Nation has been sub­ Representatives, which is a flne experi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without jected t.o a seemingly endless litany of ence, indeed. I think that helped pre­ objection, it is so ordered. abuses of power by the Central Intelll­ pare him for other posts in the execu­ (See exhibit U gence Agency. Assassination attempts, tive branch, and is certainly not any­ Mr. STENNIS. So, Mr. President, we interference in the internal politics of thing that would disqualify a man. have a man here that I do not come to friendly governments, and other covert He has had a business career in Texas praise, but I come to state that from the activities in addition to illegal domestic which was exacting and demanding. He record, the man-his attainments, his activities which strike at the heart of emerged from that in a successful way. intelligence, his undoubted dedication our personal liberties have been reported His services in diplomatic assign­ and solid patriotic motives-fills the bill. ad nauseum. The fact is that the CIA is ments impressed me very much. fie was He is accepting this position, if it is crippled, unable to perform the crucial Ambassador to the United Nations in finally reached by him, as a solemn ob­ tasks for which it was created. 1971. Those were trying and telling days ligation and because o.f his responsibil­ I am flrm In my conviction that the for the United Nations. The war in Viet­ ities as a citizen of the United States. He congressional investigations of the CIA nam was still a very active and disturb­ is coming in response to the call of the that have exposed those abuses have ing event for the United states and a President of the United States. been necessary. They were not meant to worldwide event of the greatest concern. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ destroy the CIA. I do not believe that He went from there to be chief of the ator's 2 minutes have expired. any Senator desires that. We all recog­ liaison office in the People's Republic of Mr. STENNIS. Will the Senator yIeld nize that the CIA must be capable of China where he et!ectively performed his me half a minute? continuing its intelligence-gathering ac­ duties. Mr. THURMOND. Yes. tIvities. It would be naive to think that I did not hear one iota of real criticism Mr. STENNIS. I have said the senate a country wIth the military power and of his services in all· these positions, would be amply justified in approving global responsibilities of the United either on the record or ot! the record. this nomination. Moreover, I think the States could survive without an inte1l1· I am not here to praise anyone. He is office is such that there ought to' be as gence community. These investigations no friend of mine. This is strictly an large a vote of confirmation here as the were meant to uncover the wrongdoings official function. Senate could possibly give. I hope the of the past and the weaknesses of the There was a question raised about this Senate does that. present so that such incidents can be job-Director of the Central Intelligence I thank the Senator for yielding to me. prevented in the future; and more im­ Agency-as a stepping stone to the Vice EXHmIT 1 portant, so that public confidence in the Presidential candidacy. I told him, and THE WHITE HOUSE, Agency can be restored. later said in open hearings in the com­ WasMngton, December 18, 1975. Because of the past year's revelations, mittee, that if I thought he did not have Hon. JOHN C. SrENNIS. public confidence in the CIA has been any more political and governmental Chairman,. Armed Services Committee, U.S. virtually destroyed. The public has seen judgment than to think that service as Senate, Washington, D.C. DEAlI MR. CHAmMAN: As we both know, the the legitimate functions of the CIA sub­ Director of Central Intelligence would Nation must have a strong and effective for­ verted by the political manipulations of be promoting him, recommending him in eign intelligence capabllity. Just over two Presidents, Republicans and Democrats. any way, for Vice President of the United we;}ks ago, on December 7th while In Pearl Improper activities ag'linst foreign gov­ States-if that was his judgment, or lack Harbor, I said that we must never drop our ermnents and polit.ical groups have been of it-I would vote against him for Di­ guard nor unilaterally dJ.Bmantle our de­ undertaken at the whim of CIA officials rector of Central Intelligence. fenses. The Central Intelllgence Agency is essential to maintaining our national se­ or under Presidential directive. Accurate Because, . politically, I do not think curity. intelligence information has gone un­ there is any doubt-there is no doubt in I nominat.6d Ambassador George Bush to heeded because it conflicted with the pol­ my mind.....-that it woUld be a great handi­ be CIA Director so we can now get on with icy goals of various adminIstrations, Re· cap, a great handicap to his becoming a appropriate decisions concerning the intel­ publican and Democrat. The CIA has too candidate, .much less being elected, as ligence community. I need-and the Nation often been a political tool of Presidents, Vice President of the United States. needs-his leadership at CIA as we rebuild rather than the intelligence-gathering Anyone that wanted to hacl the right and strengthen the foreign Intelllgence com­ munity in a manner which earns the con­ tool It was intended to be when created to ask the question, I am not critical of fidence of the American people. by the Congress in 1947. that. But I .admired his answer when Ambassador Bush and I agree that the Na­ In fact, public confidence in most of asked if he would promise not to be a tion's immediate foreign intelUgence needs our governmental institutions has suf· 1158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE Janu<.try 27, 19i(j tered greatly in the last 10 years. Having a stepping stono to the vice presidency, visits back home, •in mailings, and on been deceived by the official lies sur­ he would question his judgment. Mr. radio talk shows. As the8enator trom rouding American involvement in Viet­ President, if he or if anyone were using New Hampshire knoWs. I do not come nam and the deceit and corruption of it as a stepping stone to the vice presi­ from a State which ~ noted tor being Watergatil, the American people are jus­ dency, I would question his sanit;>-'. But heavily anti-Republican. Intact, I am tifiably cynical about their Government. that is really not the issue, the first member of plY pazty ever to be One of our first priorities must be the Obviously, the CIA needs a

IMPRESSED COllIMITTEE Traditional congressional intramural poli­ tive analysis, and in cases where strong tics, for example, are llOW corning into play differences in opinion may occur such Fmnkly, when he appeared befOl'e our on the intelligence reform issue. committee I have rarely seen a witness Some congressIonal observers saw this as differences would be footnoted. carry the day, so to speak, and was the the underlying reason for the announcement He stated that he would take seriously impression of integrity and competence by Sen. John G. Tower (R-Tex.) Wednesday the Director's responsibility to protect which he portrayed to the members. His that he opposes formation of a new oversight intelligence sources and unauthorized frank handling of sensitive areas of ques­ committee to monitor the intelligence disclosure. Further. he pledged to work tioning, and his sound views on gather­ community. out a relationship with the Congress ing, management and use of intelligence Tower \lrged instead that the oversight which would meet the legitimate· and function be left in the custody of the At'med necessarily expanded oversight respon­ obviously won him some votes after what Services committees, which have performed appeared to be various reservations it for more than a quarter of a century In a sibilities of the Congress. based upon his political background. spirit of clubby toleration. 1\.s the second­ CAN WORK WITH CONGRESS The high regard in which he was held ranking Republican on the Senate 1\.rmed Mr, President, the position is one of by the committee obviously had some­ Services Committee. Tower enjoys a position great importance, and I do not wish to thing to do with the request from some of influence on that panel. raise any personal point with any of my of the members that the President state The White House and intelligence com­ munity would gladly settle for that arrange­ colleagues. Each is entitled to his own in 'writing that Ambassador Bush would ment in place of the present congery of six views and has an obligation to his consti­ not be offered the post of Vice President congressional committees that have a con­ tuents to represent them in that way. later in the year. While continuity was sultative role on CI1\. matters. However, it is my feeling that a man with given as the reason for tenure, I doubt In the Senate there Is a growing con­ experience in the Congress, where most this would have been required of a man sensus for separate House and Senate over­ of the complaints are being heard, may of lesser ability than the nominee now sight committees rather than a single joint well be able to deal more effectively with under consideration by this body. panel. The fear among Senate advocates of tighter congressional control is that a joint the serious problems now facing the CIA. POLITICAL RESERVATIONS committee bill might perish in the House Further, his roles as Ambassador to Frankly, I do not agree with stated or in conference. the United Nations and Liaison Chief to viewpoints of some of my colleagues that The administration favors a joint com­ the Peoples Republic of China certainly the fact of past political activity on the mittee approach to minimize the number of should have given him a realistic idea of part of the nominee has discredited him congressional staff personnel involved, since the issues of other countries in which in the eyes of the public. I have not seen, staffers are regarded by the intelligence pro­ the United States has a national security fessionals as potential leakers of national concern. certainly in my own mail, nor heard of security secrets. It would also reduce the any other Senators receiving significant number of trips required between the CIA's Therefore, based upon the recognized public opposition to his appointment. Langley headquarters and Capitol Hill, where integrity and competence of the nominee, The mail I have received on the CIA has Colby has spent a larger portion of his ten­ I urge the Senate to view this nomination deplored the public disclosure of highly ure than any of his predecessors in the di­ in the most objective light possible. as sensitive CIA matters from congression­ rectorship. the new Director of this Agency needs al sources. The one issue upon which virtual unani­ strong congressional support if he is to mity has developed between administration meet the problems ahead. Further, earlier this week even the officials and members of Congress is the de­ Washington Post pUblished an article mand for stronger punitive action against The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who stating the public was shocked and dis­ those in government and even in journal­ yields time? mayed by the placing on the public rec­ ism who make pUblic classified material. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President. I yield ord in the Congress of highly sensitive It was in this spirit, perhaps, that Sen. 5 minutes to the distinguished Senator matters. These revelations, often from Charles H. Percy (R-Ill.) asked one of yes­ from Colorado. . unnamed sources, involved covert and terday's Witnesses, former CI1\. official David Mr. GARY HART. I thank the Senator other secret activities approved by Presi­ Phillips, for a full explanation, of Britain's from New Hampshire. Official Secrets Act, which imposes far-rang­ Mr. President. on November 3. 1975, dents elected from both major political ing official censorship over a wide range of parties. That is where the public con­ governmental action-not only of a national President Ford announced his intention cern lies, on disclosures which are tear­ security nature-and makes disclosure pun­ to nominate George Bush to be Director ing down the CIA, not upon the selection ishable by criminal prosecutIon. of Central Intelligence. Despite my re­ of this highly competent man to repair Colby is supporting a legislative proposal spect and admiration for the man, I must the damage of this overexposure. that would impose criminal punishment on oppose his nomination. He is, simply, the government employees for divulging classified wrong man for this job. At this point in my remarks, Mr. Presi­ information during or after their active dent, I ask unanimous consent to have service. The CIA must stay out of politics. The printed in the RECORD an article in the 'I'hel'e are also strong punitive provisions appointment of a partisan politician to January 23. 1976. issue of the Washing­ for disclosure of government secrets proposed be Director of the CIA will create a bad ton Post entitled "Climate Is Changing in the bill known as S.l, which would re­ precedent. Although I have no reason to for 'Reform' of CIA." codify the U.S. Criminal Code and is await­ believe that Mr. Bush would politicize There being no objection. the article ing action in the Senate. the CIA or bend intelligence judgments was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, One congressional participant in the in­ to meet political needs, we might not be as follows: telligence "reform" process now under way as fortunate with future political Direc­ prophesied that the net effect of the legisla­ tors of the CIA. CLIMATE Is CHANGING FOR "REFORM" OF CIA tive labor on the intelligence issue will be (By Laurence Stern) to produce "an 1\.merlcan official secrets act The CIA has had eight Directors since and no reform." it was created in 1947. Three-Roscoe A drastically altered political climate will Hillenkoetter, Walter Bedell Smith, and greet outgoing central Intelllgence Agency SOUND INTELLIGENCE VIE\VS William Raborn-have come from the Director William E. Colby when he appears 1\·11'. THURMOND. Now turning away on Capitol nUl today to offer his prescrip­ military. Two-Richard Helms and Wil­ tion for reorganizing the intelligence com- from the politics of tlns nomination, I liam Colby-have come from within the munity. . would like to point out some of the more CIA. Three-Allen Dulles, John McCone, Just a few months ago there were predic­ substantive issues which came out of and James Schlesinger-have come from tions of major legislative surgery for the the hearings. Mr. Bush made it clear he distinguished private and government CIA-talk of ending covert operations, split­ saw the need for a strong intelligence careers. None has come from political ting off the analytical and operational community, but one ":hich would in no life. This tradition should be maintained. branches of the agency, relocating the direc­ way abuse its pOwer. The appointment of Mr. Bush is a dis­ tor to put him in .the White House. He maintained the CIA should stay Now the forces for maintenance of the service to the CIA. The Agency is at a status quo are emerging as the Senate Gov­ strictly in the area of foreign intelli­ critical period in its history. It has con­ ernment operations Committee moves into gence and coordinate the activities of ducted illegal domestic activities in this the law-drafting stage of the intelligence the other agencies so involved. Mr. Bush country. It has been misused, and abused. controversy, whilih has been liveliest SUbject also noted the culmination of these ef­ by American Presidents. It haB been the of political interest in Washington since the forts would be to provide the President subject of investigations, by a Presiden­ Watergate scandals, and the National Security Council objec- tial commission and two congressional 1160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Janual-y 27, 197fJ select committees, for almost a year. It I would say timely notification but I I thank the Senator from New Hamp­ has been in the headlines for a much would not want to tell you that I thought shil-e_ that should be done simUltaneous with the longer period. Its future role and re­ President making a decision. •__I think The PRESIDING OFFICER_ Who sponsibilities are in doubt. there are some aress where the President yields time? At this critical time, the CIA must have has those inherent powers and he should be Mr, McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield a noncontroversial, full-time Director. allowed to proceed. myself 2 minutes. This Directcr must be able to restore Will the Senator from Colorado re­ morale to the Agency and guide it I reject Mr. Bush's concept of the SpOnd to a question or two that I have? through the difficult months ahead. De­ President's inherent powers to proceed Mr. GARY HART. I am glad to spite President Ford's statement that in covert operations Witllout prior con­ respond. Mr. Bush would not be his running mate sultation with Congress. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, it is in 1976, I have serious dOUbts whether President Ford made a mistake in my understanding that the Senator Mr. Bush would be retained as Director nominating George Bush to be Dil'ector from Colorado has served now for a of the CIA should a Democrat be in­ of the CIA. Mr. Bush is not prepared for year on the Select Committee to stUdy augurated in January 1977. I fail to see the job. During his 2 days of confirma­ Governmental Operations· with respect how a Democratic President could keep tion hearings Mr. Bush repeatedly stated to intelligence activities. Is it permis­ a former chairman of the Republican that he could not answer specific ques­ sible for the Senator to tell me in open Party on as Director of the CIA. I can tions because he had not been briefed. forum how large is the CIA? How many see, and would expect to see, a Democrat The President should have appointed a individuals? retain a respected, nonpolitical CIA Di­ man who has some, although not neces­ lvlr. GARY HART. I think it is a mat­ rector. Mr. Bush's confirmation as Direc­ sarily extensive, background in intel­ ter of public record that the total em­ tor will, therefore, leave the Agency in ligence so that he would not be starting ployee rolls of the CIA are in the neigh­ a state of uncertainty about its future on the ground floor. borhood of 15,000. leadership. This is a mistake. In 1947 Allen Dulles stated: Mr. McINTYRE. Fifteen thousand. Appointment as Chief of Central Intel­ I asked that question because they I oppose Mr. Bush's nomination for ligence should be somewhat comparable to another reason. I simply do not agree appointment to high judicial office, and refused to tell us in a .telephone call. with his views on CIA covert action. Dur­ should be equally free from interference d\le Perhaps that was not the right way to ing his confirmation hearings Mr. Bush to political changes. go about it. stated that, as Director of the CIA, he Let me ask the Senator another ques­ would not rule out attempts to overthrow The appointment of Mr. Bush does tion. I, too, was struck by President constitutionally elected governments. In not conform to this good advice. Ford's desire to have his own team, as his words The PRESIDING OFFICER, The Sen­ he expressed it, and I certainly could I think we should tread very carefully on ator's 5 minutes have expired. understand why a President, in the dif­ governments that are constitutionally Mr. GARY HART. Mr. President, will ficult job that he has, would want that. elected. the Senator yield another minute? But is it the conception of the Senator Mr. Bush believes our adversaries play Mr. McINTYRE. I yield 1 additional from Colorado that the posts of Direc­ rough, and they do. He appears to believe minute. tor of the CIA and the Director of the Mr. GARY HART. The Rockefeller FBI are like Cabinet posts? Does the that we must, on occasion, play by their Senator conceive them to be like Cabi­ rules. I do not agree. DW'ing the Senate Commission made a number of comments concerning the Director of Central In­ net posts? select committee's assassination inquiry, Mr. GARY HART. The position of Di­ we uncovered a document written in 1954 telligence. The Commission stated: The best aSS\lranCe against misuse of the rector of Central Intelligence is unique. by the Doolittle Commission. The Com­ It was designed to be a position di­ mission had been formed to advise the Agency lies in the appointment to that posi­ rectly responsible to the President of President on CIA covert activities. The tion [Director of the CIA) of persons With the judgment, courage, and independence to the United States. During the past year introduction to the Commission's re­ resist improper pressure and importuning, in which the Select Committee on Intel­ port stated that this country may have to whether from the White House, Within the ligence has looked into the intelligence adopt tactics "more ruthless than [those] Agency, or elsewhere. community, we have seen too many oc­ employed by the enemy" in other to meet The Commission recommended that: casions under both parties and several the threat from hostile nations. I reject administrations where that peculiar this philosophy, but apparently Mr. Bush Persons appointed to the position of Direc­ tor of Central Intelligence should be indi­ relationship between the President­ does not. the White House-and the CIA has Mr. Bush's views on legislative in­ viduals of stature, independence, and integrity. been abused and misused. volvement in covert action decisions also Unfortunately, a lot of the abuse and COncelTI me. He appears to believe that Mr. Bush's stature and integrity are criticism that the CIA has received has covert action decisions are among the not in question. His independence, due not been the responsibility .or the fault President's "inherent powers" and that to his political past and possible future, of the CIA. It has been because of the Congress should be informed, but not is. It is this appearance of possible lack direct pressure from the White House, consulted, about covert operations. Dur­ of independence which raises serious as I say, under various administrations ing his confirmation hearings Mr. Bush doubts about the President's judgment and both political parties. stated as follows: in appointing George Bush to be Director It is because of that kind of pressure I think it is the obligation of the Presi­ of the CIA. One of the reasons President that I certainly feel that I must strongly dent to determine the covert actiVities and Ford gave for firing William Colby was oppose this nomination. I would say after plenty of adequate con­ that he wanted his "own team." 1\:11'. We should do everything we. can to sultation with the NSC and representatives Colby was not a member of Mr. Ford's break that link, the kind of political pres­ of the intelligence community. but I think he must make that decision and I do not "team." sure that the President can bring on that think it ought to be a joint deci<;ion ... The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ appointee. I think that is what the Presidents are ator's 1 minute has expired. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield elected to do. Mr. McINTYRE. I yield to the Senator myself as much time as I need. 1 additional minute. I say to my good friend from Colorado Mr. Bush does believe that Congress that I never will be able to forget the should be informed of covert operations. Mr. GARY HART. I thank the Senator. incident in which Mr. Ehrlichman called But when Congress should be informed Apparently, the President believes Mr. the Deputy Director of the CIA, then, I is another matter. He does not believe Bush will be a good "team" member. I believe, a Major General Cushman, and that Congress should be informed simul­ do not believe this quality is appropriate said, in effect, he was sending It man ovel­ taneously with the President's decision for the Director of the CIA. Setting the and to take care of his needs. That man to go ahead 'vith a covert operation. precedent of having good "team" mem­ was Howard Hunt. When I asked him during the confirma­ bers in the CIA is a dangerous one. It The questions that were asked by that tion hearings when Congress should be is likely to be abused, if not now, then assistant director were very minor. He informed, he stated: in the future. did not question the authority because he Janua.ry 27, 19'16 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1161 testified that he knew that the call was moralization, and the fact of the public's when he was named to represent our fl'om, in effect, the President. All Mr. suspicion of politicians in general and country at the U.N. It was said.then that Hunt wanted was a red wig, a device to Congress in pal'ticular. I challenge any­ George Bush was a politician and busi~ put in his mouth to change his voice. and one to deny that a "team player," a cus­ ness man. But, in view .of his success in a false identification. He received it. todial appointment, is precisely what two major. diplomatic. posts, it can no One of the things that bears so heav­ the Agency cannot afford at this time. longer be said that he is only a political ib' on my mind 18 to think that some of In these circumstances. at this time in man. His ability to adjust rapidly and our Presidents in the past have utilized the life of the Agency, it is absolutely well to diplomatic service gives us ample this unique Central Intelligence Agency, vital that there be no question about the reason to conclude that he is a man of as the Senator from Colorado points out, need to insulate the Director from par­ talents who can apply those talents ef­ not for foreign intelligence purposes but tisun political considerations. I stress fectively in many fields of public service. to pursue domestic political ends. the public perception of the Agency so I have no doubt of George Bush's abil­ That is something that this Congress much because we cannot have a rehabil­ ity to undertake the new assignment for has to stop, and I am sure that the Sen­ itation of the Agency without a restora­ which he has been nominated, and to do ator from Colorado agrees. tion of public confidence. The t\\'o are it well. His understanding of, and sym­ Mr. GARY HART. If the Senator will inseparable: You will not have one with­ pathy with, the oversight role of Congress yield for a comment, the problem with out the other. will be especially helpful to us as we seek this nomination is it runs cross grain to M1·. President, I reserve the remainder to bring the intelligence apparatus under the findings of our committee that we of my time. control. Moreover, in working with the have been involved in for the last year. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who White House and with Congress, his If there 18 one central discovery thatour yields time? diplomatic experience will serve him committee has made throughout all of Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I yield 3 well. its investigations of attempted assassina­ minutes to the distinguished Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time tions of foreign leaders, abuses of au­ from Illinois. of the Senator has expired. . thority here at home, surveillance of Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I com­ Mr. TOWER. I yieldth~ Senator 2 American citizens, attempts to overthrow mend the distinguished majol'ity leader, additional minutes. foreign governments, and everything who, with his typical nonpartisan at­ Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I have been else, it is that one cannot politicize the titude at the l'ight time, with his typical reaffirmed in this belief as over the past intelligence community. It is absolutely sense of fairness, carefully thinking week I have been privileged, together the worst possible thing that can happen. through and researching a subject as with Senator RIBICOFF, our chairman. I agree with every one of those who important as the current SUbject, has and other members of the Committee on say that we have the hig'hest kind of come to a conclusion, has forthrightly Government Operations, to conduct talent capability in our Centl'al Intelli­ stated his position, and has made un­ hearings, now that the Church commit­ gence Agency. These people are profes­ equivocally clear how he stands on this tee is winding up its affairs and will be sionals. They believe in what they are issue. His support of George Bush at this making a final report on l'ecommenda­ doing. They are performing a tremen­ time is typical. It is typical of his long tions, to hear witnesses testify as to what dous service to their country. and distingUished career in public they think we should do. I have probed The problem of morale at that Agency service. with such men as Mr. colby. John and the degree to which the investiga­ So far as I know, none of my colleagues McCone, former heads of the Agency, tions of that Agency have contributed to who are opposing the nomination of have met with Mr. Kelley, head of the those problems are certainly unfortunate George Bush hus questioned his char­ FBI, and this morning with Secretary because of the degree to which they may acter, intelligence, or ability. The thrust Ellsworth, to determine what particular have taken people's minds away from of the arguments against his nomina­ talents are needed at this time. I am tlleir jobs. Absolutely 99 percent, close tion concerns his role as a politician. Not reinforced in my belief that George Bush to 100 percent, of the people at the CIA that his political activities or political possesses many of those talents, if not all are dedicated nonpolitical people trying record have been questioned, either. of them, that are now going to be re­ to do a professional job. The only complaint is that he is a politi­ quiredin this particular stage of history To link up the White House with the cian who has been a Member of the i.n this vital Agency. Central Intelligence Agency through po­ House, a candidate for the Senate, and a The question of his availability for an­ litical connections of this sort, that were chairman of his party's national com­ other politicall'ole this election year has certainly not intended when that Agency mittee. been resolved, unfortunately, to the detri­ was created, would do more to continue It is said that politics must be kept ment of my party. But the larger national that low morale than anything else we out of the CIA, and with this we can all interest has been served by enabling could do. It would be absolutely the worst agree. George Bush to assume this great, new step that we could take. But are all politicians, regardless of responsibility. I feel that we are very for­ If this were a Democratic President their character, intelligence, and ability tunate in having a man of his caliber to nominating a Democratic politician for and regardless of other experience in be Director of Central Intelligence at this that position, I would be taking the very public service, to be considered ineligible crucial time in the life of this agency, so same position. to head an intelligence agency and to vital to the security of our Nation. Mr. McINTYRE. I thank my good coordinate the work of the intelligence The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who friend from Colorado and I shall take 2 community? yields tinle? minutes right now. George Bush has been more than a Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, will Mr. President, in my inquiry of other political man. In fact, he has had three the Senator yield? colleagues as to how they might vote on careers in public service: One, as an Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I yield 5 this issue, I have been met with the ques­ elected public official; second. as a poli­ minutes to the Senator from Arizona. tion why should politicians be disquali­ tician and party chairman; and, third, Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I fied automatically? Do they not have as a very distinguished diplomat. His have listened with interest to the argu­ qualities which could be useful in this diplomatic service, while briefer, has ments presented by the opponents of job? been more recent. To my knowledge, it George Bush. I respect the reasoning be­ Some of our colleagues have felt reluc­ was generally accepted that he had done hind those arguments, but I do not agree tant to oppose Mr. Bush simply because, an excellent job as Ambassador and Per­ with Ulem. as they say, he is a politician and simply manent U.N. Representative at the Yes, George Bush has had a political for "appearances sake." It is, I suppose, United Nations. Simi!arly, his service as background. I knew him before he had a the choice of words which bothers them, Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Peking political background. I have known him because no one wants to be accused of has been widely paised. Neither assign­ all through the years that he was en­ judging someone on the basis of "appear­ ment was an eas;y one or blessed b;y gaged in politics and then in business. ances" and not the facts. favorable circumstances, :ret George The man has not changed a bit. But I challenge any of our colleagues Bush performed with honor, with discre­ The question that comes to my mind to dispute the fact of the wide mistrust tion, and with grace in both. is this: Does the term "politician" con­ of the CIA, the fact of its internal de- As I recall there were some rumblings note something evil that is going to fol- 1162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,-'- SENAT~ January 27, 197.6 low throughout the rest of our lives? I do I guess mainly because the press has not be a candidate for Vice Presiqent. not agree with that, becauseI know many not much mOre to WOl"l'y about right It occurs to me that this was a rather men and women who have served in poli~ now. So, Mr. President, I hope that this strange request, coming after the knoWn tics, served well. and have gone on to body will approve Mr. Bush. If he has fact of Mr. Bush's strong partisan parj;y serve their communities and their States one thing against him, it is that he has affiliation. The President's reply certainly and their businesses with equal success. been a successful American. For that was not the litmus test for me. But I I wlll not say that this holds across the reason, many of our colleagues-I hope notice that the majority of the commit­ board, but it does to a large extent. not too many-seem to feel that he tee said that after questioning Mr. Bush, "politician" means a person skilled in would not make a good head of the CIA, they had concluded he would be able to the art of politics. A doctor is skilled in or the fact that he has been a politician rise above partisan politics. Mr. Presi­ the art of medicine. An economist is might stand a.gainst him. Mr. President, dent, I think that is a burden which skilled in the art of understanding the if that is the case, none of us has a very neither the President nor this bodY economy. bright future. should ask him to bear. With his skill as a politician, George The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who I thank the distinguished Senator Bush also is skilled as a businessman, a ~'ieldf; time? from New Hampshire for the time. very successful, more or less self-ma?e Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield Mr. McINTYRE. I thank the Senator businessman, in Texas. He is a famIly 5 minutes to the distinguished Senator from Arkansas for his fine statement. man and he is a religious man. But I from Arkansas. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who think the most important thing to re­ Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I shall yields time? member is that he is a successful man. start by limiting my support to the words Mr. TOWER. I yield 3 minutes to the Mr. President, if there is one thing we of the distingUished Senator from Col­ Senator from Tennessee. need a lot of in politics and in Govern­ orado (Mr. GARY HART) , whose statement Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, it is my ment, it is more people who have had was considerably more articulate and privilege and pleasure to support the success in life in something other than formalized than mine will be. nomination of George Bush to be Direc­ the mere profession of politics. This Plrst of all, I have never heard any­ tor of the Central Intelligence Agency. job-and I say this after having served thing from Mr. Bush's friends or his A considerable part of my professional on the Intelligence Committee for a business associates except the very high­ career the last few years has been de­ year-needs the particular talents that est praise. I think it is regrettable that voted to matters of concern relating to Mr. Bush has: the ability to understand the President would send the nomination the security and well-being of this coun­ a new assignment, the ability to apply of a man who is so highly esteemed to try. The Presidency as an institution, his integrity, and the ability to see that this body for this position and cause the intelligence community as it pow the job is run in a pl'Oper way. me, in my own mind, to be forced to cast exists, law enforcement agencies as they I admit that, as a member of the com­ a vote against his nomination simply be­ relate to the fundamental welfare of the mittee and as a Senator, I might have cause I think the precedent is too devas­ country and the rights of individual citi­ preferred to have had George Bush bub­ tating for the Senate to accept. zens are all significantly influenced by ble up from the bottom, through the It was interesting to me that the Pres­ the Agency Mr. Bush will head. My con­ whole chain of command of the CIA, but ident sent the name of John Paul Stevens cern In these respects has been the direct that is not possible. We do not see that to this body as his choice for the Supreme outgrowth and product of that un­ happen. We do not see it happen in the Court, and not one dissenting vote was happy-indeed, that dreadful-time in Post Office. We do not see it happen in cast against the appointment. I heard our national life that we refer to as any other division of Government. The many of my colleagues say, "WhY cannot Watergate. In that inquiry into the al­ job always has been given to someone the President send men of that caliber, legations of malfeasance and nonfeas­ who it was thought could do the job. whom everybody in the Senate can sup­ ance on the part of the President of the There is one thing that these hearings port wholeheartedly and be very happy United States and his associates, and, have said to me. I may be in the minority about? Why is the Senate placed in the later, of the CLI\. and other law enforce­ in saying this. Everything that the CIA position of not being able to applaud the ment agencies, I have had occasion more has done that has brought discredit on President in every instance for his dis­ than once to turn my attention to what the CIA was done at the ol'ders of the cretion?" I regret, as I say, that the went wrong, and how .. to avoid such White House. I repeat that--done at the President now forces me to vote against wrongs in the future. Mr. President, If orders of theWhite House. We have spent a man whom I could support for almost I can make any general statement in that months and months trying to hide that, any other position within the President's respect, it would be that the institution of but we cannot. In fact, I recall that sev­ appointment power. But Mr. President, the Presidency, the White House, Con­ eral members of the CIA, when asked I think the precedent Is simply too criti­ gress, and indeed, the executive depart­ under oath, "Would you lie to protect cal. ments of Government, inclUding the in­ the Office of President?" All said, "Yes." I think there is a degree of profession­ telligence community and particularly It means more to them to L;ee the White &lis11l that this unique position as head the CIA, could have been well served by House protected, evidently, than whether of the CIA requires that would be miss­ the leavening Influence, the common or not their own names come out of it ing. So far as politics are concerned, I sense, and the judgment of those who all right. have no doubt that if the next President have involved themselves in the political So here is a case, I think, in which happens to be a Democrat, one of the affairs of this Nation. Mr. Bush's particular talents-yes, even first orders of business will be to ask In a word, Mr. President, I do not view including his experience in politics­ Mr. Bush for his resignation. I have George Bush's engagement in partisan will stand him well; because, knowing known the past four Democratic Party political activities In the least as a dis­ politics, he will be better able-when the chairpersons, all fine people. So far as ability to serve as CIA Director. On the President tries to talk the next CIA group I know, their thoughts and their ideals other hand, in those weeks and probably, into something that might be considered are no less noble than Mr. Bush's. But in those years ahead, when we considel' morally wrong by many Americans-to I w8.nt to go on record now as saying how to go about restructuring our intelli­ point out to the President, in a political that I would not support any of them, gence and law enforcement agencies, to sense, why it is wrong. should anyone of them be nominated, insure that they are amenable to our I do not want to see the charge stand f(.r such a unique position, which simply constitutional processes and dedicated to any longer against the CIA that they must be above all suspicion of political the protection of the freedom of. this and they alone have been responsible tics or influence. country and of individual rights, I, per­ for everything thathas gone on for which I was interested In the Armed Services sonally, will feel more comfortable if they have been discredited. I do not think Committee, Which, as you know, voted someone is CIA Director who does un­ we have a finer man serving the Ameri­ Mr. Bush's confirmation out by a vote derstand American politics. can people than Mr. William Colby. of 9 to 4. I respect that committee. They This would not be so had the Pres­ I think the former heads of the CIA asked him about his possible candidacy ident chosen someone who was a pro­ have all been exemplary men who have, for the Vice Presidency. Apparently, it fessional politician, steeped in the ways merely done their jobs. Their jobs are took some time to get both Mr. Bush and traditions of party organization and now catching the attention of the press, and the President to agreethat he would structure. But that is not the case of Jan-uary 27, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 1163 George Bush, GeOl·ge· Bush is, fh'St and American public as to whether or not hlg in more bypassing of advice and con­ foremost, a patriot. He is a great citizen, the CIA is anything from behlg worth­ sent, and more faits accomplis with re­ a successful bUsinessman, a distinguished while to useful. spect .to covert adventures, and more legislator. He has· been the servant of :;: happen to believe it is both worth­ appropriations without representation. the. President of the United States in while and useful. I happen to believe We, in Congress, have had enough of many capacities, not the least of which there is a need for CIA to l'egain at least this hlVisible government, I think, has been his excellent representation of part of the lost confidence on the part of whether rogue elephant CIA's or admin­ this country in the People's Republic of this body, Congress as a whole, but., most istrations. It seems to me we need a man China.. importantly, the American people. In in that job or a woman in that job, who, I rather surmise that George Bush this time of so-called confidence-build­ hl fact, has a dilIerent basic philosophY never. wanted this job. I would guess fur­ ing, it seems to me it is inappropriate with regard to that issue. I do not think ther that he may not have wanted to be that we, in fact, pic!\: a man to head up we can accept that continued conduct national Republican chairman when he that agency who may very well be able of that Agency in the manner in which was so chosen, to completely disassociate himself from we have come to learn that it has been Mr. GOLDWATER. Will the Senator political activity, who may promise not conducted. yield? . to run for Vice President if chosen, who I would add, parenthetically, it seems Mr. BAKER. But I rather suspect that may do all these things and may actually also we are heaping a lot of blame on in both cases, he responded to an urgent be the best possible fellow we could, in the CIA these days, and forgetting that a need and sincere request from the Pres­ the abstract, pick for the job, and com­ Democratic President was there for a ident. pletely take himself out of politics, but considerable portion of the time and, Mr. GOLDWATER. If the Senator will I think in these times it is going to be apparently, knew a good deal about what yield, the Senator is absolutely correct on very difficult to convince the American was going on at the time. The more we that point of his not wanting to be na­ people that this, in fact, is being done, learn, the more I become convinced that ;tional chairman. I sat at the White almost whatever he does, no matter how the CIA did less and less, in fact, without House and phoned him at the request of well he extricates himself from his Presidents knowing what was occurring. President .Nixon and had to twist his prior number of yeal'S of deep involve­ But, be that as it may, it is time that arm both ways to get him to say yes. ment with partisan politics. we, in fact, move that very, very hn­ Mr. BAKER. I am happy for that con­ The times call for confidence-build­ portant agency back to a position of firmation. I suspected as much. I know ing, not politics: the Congress and the prominence and confidence. Mr. Bush to be one of that handful of American people must have confidence I, for example, in my limited experi­ Americans in both parties whom Pres­ in the elIective intelligence function our ence here in the U.S. Senate have found, idents havetumed to repeatedly in times Nationlleeds. as a member of the Foreign Relations of stress-when they needed undoubted To accomplish this, there must be con­ Committee, that whenever I asked for authority-to lead a Government depart­ fidence that the CIA will never again be advice from the CIA I got a whole lot ment or agency out of its travail to used as a political instrument. straighter scoop than I did when I went higher ground. That is the charactel' of There must be confidence that the Di­ to the Defense Department to get any­ which George Bush is made. rector of Central Intelligence is a force­ thing, and I think the CIA is a very valu­ I have many views on this subject. I fully independent figure who CRn say no able outfit. think, for instance, that the DCI ought to any Presidential views of the world But, I think, by OUI' tmning arolllld not to be head of the CIA. That is too reality which do not accord at all with and having a Director who so clearly is important a job. I think the Director of the hard, dispassionate facts of national .identified with partisan politics and with Central Intelligence ought to be a sep­ intelligence: And who can say no to any being one of the President's "guyS," we arate job to coordinate the Presidential remedial covert operations which-as are making a real mistake. I think the responsibility for these functions to and has sadly occurred in the past-the American public is-and I know I am­ from all of the 62 agencies of Govern­ President, or his chief foreign policy looking for somebody ill whom I would ment that have some intelligence or law lieutenant, or the covert operators may feel confident that if, in fact, the Presi­ enforcement-related activities. Even if be touting with more enthusiasm than dent suggested something in the covert we had already done that, I can think of far-sighted judgment. field, for example, which the Director no one I would pick before I would pick The chances for forceful integrity will thauf,ht it was not in fact a very sensible George Bush. It will be my pleasure to be infinitely greater if the Director of thing, that he would just flat out tell the vote for his confirmation. Central Intelligence is a highly re­ President, "No, I don't like it; I won't do Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield spected nonpolitical figure out of na­ that." 5 minutes to the Senator from Delaware tional life, rather than one of Ule Presi­ To sum it all up, I think it is impor­ (Mr. BIDEN). dent's "guys." tant that we have a man of not only in­ Mr. BIDEN. I rise to join Senator Mc­ The second reason why I Ulink it is tegrity which, I think, Mr. Bush is, but INTYRE and others who oppose George important that we not confirm Mr. Bush oue with a nonpartisan record, and with Bush to be Director of the central In­ to head up the CIA is that it suggests a demonstrable capacity to tell the Pres­ telligence Agency. In doing so, I do not a continuance, in my opinion, of virtu­ ident that he thinks he is all wet, and question his ability, his experience, or ally unaccountable executive action in stand up the President of the United his character, but I do criticize the ap­ the field of covert activities. States. "Yhen need be, to do that. propriateness of the nomination. :Mr. Bush has testified in committee On those grollllds, I am going to vote I feel it is unfortunate in at least two that U.S. covert paramilitary operations against Mr. Bush's confirmation to head practical aspects. In the first place­ abroad can be a good thing on occasion up the CIA. and I shall be brief-if there is anyone in helpir.g to install governments we I thank the Senator from New Hamp­ thing that the Rockefeller Commission, happen to like, and Ulat timely notifica­ shire for yielding to me. the Senate select committee, and other tion of Congress will suffice, after the Mr. McINTYRE. I thank my good investigative·elIorts of the past ~rear or fact of tlle covert operation's initiation. friend from Delaware for expressing his more have clearly demonstrated, it is I happen to prefer, for example, the opinion on the matter at issue. that there must be a depoliticization of statement of our colleague, Senat.or Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I yield the CIA, and that that objective is a MATHIAS, given earlier this month to the myself 2 minutes. sorely needed one. As for the particular City Club of San Diego when he said: Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, will nomination before us, I think it does just The unfortunate and 1ll-advl£ed involve­ the Senator yield 1 minute to me to an­ the· opposite. Given Mr. Bush's highly ment of the United states in Angola would swer the Senator from Delaware? Just political career and identification he, in not have OCCUlTed 11 the issue had been fully one brief statement. my opinion, is the wrong appointment, and carefully considered. and if congressional Mr. TOWER. I yield to the Senator. for the wrong job, at tlle wrong time. advice had been sought before our recent involvement began. Mr. GOLDWATER. I wanted to com­ Revelations of past misconduct on the ment on one statement the Senator from part of the CIA and of past administra­ In view of Mr. Bush's testimony, I fear Delaware made. One of the first and tions nave created at leasta serious ques­ that in confirming his appointment we, strongest suggestions that President . tion'in the mJnds of many people in the in the Congress, will simply be a.cquiesc- Nixon step down came from George 1164 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD- SENATE January 27, 1976 Bush wben he was chairman of the Re­ fioor ot this Senate anll the question Is, held, that he would be a politieal man to publican Party, and I can tell you that What is the Russian threat? the great detl1ment ofthecountry, takes a lot of what we call "guts:' Now, who is going to be giving us the I know that is a. sincere belief, but Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, at least advice on that but the DIrector of the does it stand up under the facts of life two speakers this afternoon have re­ Central Intelligence Agency? And If he in the present Instance, pa.-;sing on both ferred to Mr. Bush's views on covert ac­ is echoing the same line as the President the man and his politics? tion as the reason for rejecting his is, he is going to be suspect if he Is In I told him in the beginning, "You are nomination. politics. not going to ride through the senate on Mr. President, the question of covert Angola. This is all issue on which there the fine reputation of your father who action and Mr. Bush's views on covert are two very strong and conflicting views. served here, and many of u.s knew him." action is really only marginally relevant, We ought ttl have advice on Angola from He quickly said that he was not ex­ because covert action is indeed an in­ the best nonpolitical man we can get. pecting that. and I was convinced he strument of foreign policy and has been Just the other day on the Israeli ques­ Was not, authorized by succeeding presidents of tLm. we had testimony from the Director But talking about appolntinga man both parties as a matter of continuing of the Central IntelIigence Agency, on the because formerly he has been in political American foreign policy conduct for the question of whether, in fact. Israel is life, I have jotted down several of the last 25 to 30 years. threatened; whether they should; in fact, recent Chief Justices of the United Now, should Congress decide that have a billion and a half dollars; what States-certainly an important office, the there be no more covert action or should their relative standing and relative highest in the judicial branch of the the President of the United states de­ strength is with respect to the Arab Gwernment.. cide that covert action Is not a propel' world. I start with Mr. Taft, a former Pl'csi­ tool of diplomacy, then It would not It is the strongest kind of political dent of the United states, appointed make any difference what the DCI's issue we can get with great overtones Chief Justice of the United States, the views on covert action were because he and great implications. all through the highest office in the other pinnacle. would be bound not to engage in any political spectnlm. Chief Justice Hughes-I believe he fol­ covert action. So this is a policy matter Mr. Bush has been in politics, I dare IGwed Mr. Taft-a former Cabinet mem­ that could be widely debated on the say he may be again. But we should ber, fOl'mer Governol' of New York, a fioor. neither get a man who is t.oday in poli­ former commissioner somewhere, I do I do not know whether the majority tics, or one who is likely to be in politics not remember just where, outstanding in of this Senate believes in covert aetion in the future, or one who is concerned every office he held, outstanding as Chief or a majority opposes ft, but that is a about proving that he is nonpolitical. JUHtice. polley matter which could be resolved I thinIe sometimes it is just as bad to Chief Justice Stone, former Attorney by debate in the Senate, and I think have to lean over backwards, one way or General of the United States--I do not ought not to be considered In the con­ the other, to prove or disprove something remember now what other offices he held. text of the consideration of the qualifica­ as it is to be guilty of it. I think he had been attorney genei'3.1 of tions of Mr. Bush to be DC!. I well recall a very good friend of mine his home stat~. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. who Is a judge, at all levels of the court, Chief Justice Fred Vinson, former CASE). Who yields time? and I have never had a judge 1111e against Member of the House of Representatives. Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield me as many times as this particular I do not know if he was chairman of the 5 minutes to the distinguished Senator judge. In my judgment, he was leaning pai'ty or not, but he was certainly active from Louisiana. way over backwards to try to prove he and vigorous in the party, A fine, out­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ was being objective to his good friend. standing Chief Justice of the Un!t{l{l ator from Louisiana is recognized for 5 Mr. President, we do not want that states. minutes. kind of a man as Director of the Central I am referring hel'e to men from both Mr. JOHNSTON. Ml'. President, I rise Intelligence Agency, someone who is try­ parties. in opposition to the nomination and, In ing to prove he is nonpolitical. We do Chief Justice Wanen, formel' Govenlor so doing, I would like to point out that not want a man who is political. of California, former attorney general of this Is the first nomination I have ever I just hope that the Senate will turn California, served many years. He served opposed, if there has been any other, and down this nomination and find any othel' many years and helped rewrite the L'lw it has not been more than one nomina­ position in Government for Mr. Bush for to a large extent. tion, and I do not recall which one that which he is admirably suited other than And we have the present Chief Justice was. . . Director of the Central Intelligence on the judicial brancll. I do so not out of any feeling of lack Agency. Mr. President, I say with emphasis of ability or integrity or any of those Let us get om' advice from someone this charge, so-called, is not founded. qualities that are usually associated with whose political future In no wa;\' hinges I ask my fliend from New Hampshire, a nominee. I have the utmost confidence upon the declsions he makes as tIle Direc­ a very valuable Member of this body from everything I have heard about Mr. tor of the CIA. and of our Armed services Committee, Bush, but one thing I do know, Mr. Presi­ I thank my good friend from New where is there in the record the slight­ dent, that is "ery clear about Mr. Bush: Hampshire. est scintilla of evidence. that this man, He has been a politician and he either Mr. McINTYRE. Mi'. President, I thank Mr. Blish. was not frank, and candid, will be a politician or at least at this par­ the Senator from Louisiana fol' his fine tl11thful, and spontaneous with our com­ ticular time helooks like one. statement In support of what I think is mittee in his answers? ' Now, Mr. President, as a full-time poli­ a very inlpol'tant Issue. There will not -be anything in the I'ec­ tician and a body among politicians, I do Mr. President. I reserve the remainder ord, except that he did have the fullest not want to denigrate the word "poli­ of my time. of frankness and candol', tician" or bring discredit Upon our name. I have not heard anything in the To the contrary, I think the word and Mr, TOWER. Mr. President, I yield 5 cloakrooms, or up and down the aisles, the profession of politics is the highest minutes to the distinguished Senator or anywhere else, that scores him on calling there is. It is what makes democ­ from Mississippi. anything less than complete honesty, racy work. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I would frankness, candor, and sincerity, with But, Mr. President, the Director of the not take any more time except that I the firmest kind of promiseS, I think sin­ CIA is the mostsensitive position we have know this is a highly important office. cerely given, that he Is going t~ try to perhaps in this Government in the sense With the greatest deference for evel'y­ do a hard, tough job in the very finest that every item, every issue upon which one, I just do not see how the political way thathe possibly can, this Director gives advice is right at the c-harge can be l'aised here in view of the I will say now, it is no idle tiling. unless heart of the most delicate and greatly outstanding fact that everyone praises a man is convinced, strongly convinced conflicting political issues we have in this Mr. Bush for his integrity, his character, .. that he should vote "no." It is· no -Idle country, his honor, and his proven capability, But -thing, although evel"Y senator has the Defense spending. An annual and vel"Y some mise some kind of a possibility right to Vtlte as he pleases. to cast a "no" strong debate we have every year on the hel'e, because of the political offices he has vote here against a·nominee, a man with Jcmuary27, 1976 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA'TE 1165 a recol'd like. this, for this highly im­ I believe by the same token we can get A more recent reaffirmation of this portant, .essential, and sensitive office. anybody who has never been involved in tradition of independence came from -'I'hePRESmING OFFICER.. The Sen­ politics directly in a line posit,ion and Gen. Vernon Walters, second-in-com­ ator's time has expired. have that position far more pliable than mand at the Agency now and during the Mr. STEN~IS; Mr. President, I will George Bush is capable of being. Watergate crisis. During the impeach­ just use half.a minute. I urge his confirmation and I hope it ment inquiry, he testified about a meet­ I was>not harking on to the Senator will be a very. very substantial ing he had with John Dean in 1972. At from .~ew ~ampshire or anyone else. majority. the meeting, General Walters told Dean If anyone else can point out· in the I thank my friend from Texas. that- record or off the'record any kind of a The PRESIDING OFF'ICER. Who Any attempt In involve the Agency in the charge that this man, Mr. Bush, has yields time? stifllng of this (watergate) affair would be been anything less than frank and hon­ Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I yield a disaster. It would destroy the credlblllty of est in answering these questions, let him 10 minutes at this time to the distin­ the Agency with the Congress. with the Na­ bring it forth and let it be debated. guished Senator from Idaho, the chair­ tion. It would be a grave disservice to the man of the Spechll Committee on In~ President. I wlll not be a party to it. and I I thaIlk the Senator for yielding to me am qUite prepared to resign before I do and.we win wait for the answers. telligence. anything that will implicate the Agency in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The situ­ Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, after -this matter. ation as to time is as follows: The Sena­ President Harry Truman retired from tor from New Hampshire has 13 minutes, the White House, he was consulted and And so, the CIA resisted t.he pressures the Senator from Texas has 18 minutes. kept informed 011 the affairs of the from the White House to stifle the FBI Mr: 'McINITRE. Mr. President, I yield Nation through briefings from time to investigation of the Watergate affair. The myself-I minttte to reply .to my distin­ time by various Government officials. saving tradition of professicmalism and guished chairman in bringing up the ex­ At one such meeting held in the Truman independence for" the CIA was wisely ample of the Supreme Court Justices. It Library during the Johnson administra­ preserved in a most trying moment. does not gibe with the uniqueness of the tion, representatives of the Central In­ Today, the Senate faces a test of its CIA. telligence Agency were present. Among own regarding the political neutrality All of those distinguished Presidents them was Enno Knoche, executive as­ and professionalism of the Central In­ who made appointments to the Supreme sistant to Gen. Marshall Carter, then telligenoe Agency. How peculiar it is that Court had aright to make appointments Deput.y Director of Central Intelligence. we are even being asked to confirm as to project the. judicial philosophy of the As Mr. I(noche recalls, the former Pres­ CIA Director an individual whose past person who named them and the Senate ident interrupted the briefing at one record of politlcal activism and partisan which have approved them. " point to reminisce about the early days ties to the President contradict the very But remember,Mr. President, a Su­ of his Presidency. lIe spoke of the rea­ purpose of political impartiality and ob­ preme Court Justice has life tenure in a sons for the establishment of the CIA. jectiVity for which the Agency was separate branch of the Government. He When he first became President, he said created. Were Harry Truman once again is less vulnerable to the pressures that he was often denied important intelli­ at his desk in this Chamber, his voice we have seen exerted on the CIA Direc­ gence held by the State Department and would ring out in indignation against this tor, arid he operates under tradition and the Pentagon. The handling procedures ill-advised appointment. the Constitution and in the open. and policy biases of these two institu­ Indeed, how can any of us vote "aye" The- PRESIDING OFFICER. Who tional behemoths prevented him from on this nomination? We may be tempted yields time? receiving the steady fiow of accurate and to do so by the personal charm of George Mr. McINTYRE. I yield back the re­ objective information he needed to guide Bush and by his demonstrated compe­ mainder of my time. the Nation. tence in other Government jobs. But the Mr. TOWER. I yield 2 minutes to the Thus, in 1947, President Truman set personality of George Bush IS not the distinguished Senator from New York. up the Central Intelligence Agency to question we face today. The central issue Mr. BUCKLEY. I thank my friend pull together basic and unbiased intel­ is whether he is the right individual to from Texas. ligence on foreign affairs required by the safeguard the tradition of intelligence I just want to say a couple of words, Presidency. The former President told objectivity espoused by President Tru­ Mr. President. It seems to me we should his visitors: man in 1947 and carried forward since stop putting: people in automatic cate­ This was the major purpo81l for est.'\blish­ that time. gories, drawing conclusions which may ing the Agency. Is the appointment of one of the Pres­ or may not have justification, and start ident's close political allies the proper thinking about personal qualifications Rather than rely UPOll the milital'Y way to perpetuate this ideal? I think not. that are well known, start thinking about and the State Department to provide his We are not talking about an appointment a person's total career and what he has intelligence requirements, Mr. Truman to the Post Office Department. We are exhibited in that career. wanted an independent a.gency capable here to deliberate the future direction of It happens I have known George Bush of complete objectivity and able to re­ our largest Civilian Intelligence agency­ for 20 or 30 years. I happen to have the sist all partisan and policy pressures and at the very time when the Congress highest respect for his intelligence. He which might be brought to bear by vari­ is in the throes of reforming all the in­ ous groups inside and outside the Gov­ telligence services. If we approve this has proven his ability as an adminis­ ernment. So, from its very birth, the trator in the hardest kind, the most com­ partisan appointment, what impression Central Intelligence Agency was meant will our action make within the Govern~ petitive kind, of business. He has been to support the ideal of providing the a public servant. I have never heard any­ ment and throughout the country? Presidency with totally disinterested The answer is easily found in the one suggesting that he would ever stoop information. to political deals and things of that sort chorus of-voices from across the land This original intention has been expressing strong opposition to this at the expense of this country. I believe strongly reiterated by the various past we have every reason to believe and have perversion of CIA neutrality and inde­ Directors of the Agency. Allen Dulles, pendence. For example, Ernest GellhoTI1. confidence in ilie kind of job he will do perhaps the most well known of the as the head of this extraordinarily im­ dean of the College of Law at Arizona. early Directors, stressed that the duty State University and senior counsel on portant,nonpolitical Agency. of the CIA was- If it is,a, disqualification to be involved the Rockefeller Commission, wrote in To weigh facts, and to draw conclusions the Washington Post last week that: in politics and then to be in the CIA, from those facts, without haVing either the then we are going to have to exclude a lot Presidential abuse of the (CIA) can be facts or the conclusions warped by the in­ avoided by taking note of the Rockefeller of people. The fact that he may at one evitable and even proper prejudices of the Commlsslon's conclusions that persons ap­ time have been national chairman of the men Whose duty it Is to determine policy pointed director possess. among other quaU~ Republican Party simply does not add up and Who, having once determined a policy, ties. "The Independence to resist improper to a,disqualification. What Is far more are too likely to be blind to any facts which pressure, whether from the White House, important-ls to get somebody who is might tend to prove the policy to b9 faUlty. within the Agency or elseWhere." proyeni'whom we all know, Whom we all ConclUded Dulles: :Mr. Gellhorn concluded that: have reason to have confidence in, than The Central Intelligence Agency should This recommendation would seem to pre­ to play this kind of game. have nothing to do with polloy. clude the appointment of one of the Pres1~ 1166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Janua'ry 27, 1976 dent's political associat~s, and, ill particular, dormancy, One must agree with the Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I have only George W. Bush, the dlrector-de.slgnate, who so recently served as a national party Chair­ WMhington Post editorial board, which my own testimony to offermy colleagues. man. spOke against the Bush nomination In a and I do it 'With some diffidence,and yet recent editorial, arguing persuasively with a feeling that perhaps this is a President Ford chose b) ignore this that the directorship of the CIA should viewpoint that ought to be expressed. key recommendation from his o\vn Com­ not be regarded as a pOlitical parICng The conclusion I have reached is this: mission on the CIA. spot. That we ought not to make any office Journalists of various ideological per­ The most critical question we face Ls in our land so exalted, so mystical. so suasions have also expressed their em­ how to guarantee the indpendence of our esoteric as to require a person far above phatic disapproval of the Bush nomina­ foremost civilian intelligence service, ordinary human beings. That is not good tion. Tom Braden, himself a former CIA Since the CIA will be no more impartial sense, The Senator from Texas has said officer. wrote in a cohmm entitled than its Director, we should be sure that the same thing in more cultivated and "George Bush Bad Choke fot' CIA .Tob" the person selected has demonstrated literate language. that: the qualities of independence and n011­ But this is really the point: I will not, The appointment looks bad at a time partisanship. by refusing to vote for a first":l'ate man when public confidence In the CrA is :mch The new Director should be someone for this job, suggest that the job l'equires that everything about it should look good. with the strength of resolution to tell the a super human being. If it does, there is Columnist Gcorge F. Will has raised President: "I believe your premi~e to be something wrong with OW'CQuntry and a thought-provoking scenario in one of \\-'rong, for it is refuted by the unvar­ our institutions. It requires competence, his recent columns. He wrote: l'lished facts gathered by the CIA." This it requires integlity, it requires all those It is possible to imagiue 51 tuations in is the vital role that the Central Intel­ fina qualities which this nominee· has which the crA would be pl'essured to sup­ ligenceAgency can play in our Govern­ in abundance. as everyone recognizes. It press Inconvenient Information, or to re­ ment, but it will work only if the Direc­ does not require a supelman, and if it port things convenient to the political pur­ tor is immune to political lll'cssure. The did. then that office ought to be abol­ poses of an administration. President should not have been looking ished. There is no reason for this coun­ Imagine an administration looking to the nex1; election and determined to celebrate for a "team player," In this position, he try to rely upon supermen, and Its insti­ detente as its finest achievement. Imagine needs someone with the sound and dis­ tutions ought not to be so constructed as that the administration is excessively anx­ interested judgment of an experienced to requh'e them. ious to achieve another stl'ategie arms agree­ and highly professionall·eferee. I think this nomination should be con­ ment with the Soviet Union. This does not mean that individuals firmed, and I shall vote with great pleas­ Suppose the administration triumphantly with political backgrounds must be autD­ me and happiness in the afiinnative. signed an agreement Ilmitlng the number matically eliminated from consideratIon Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, will of strategiC vehlcles--mlssUes lind bombers-­ :for. this job. On the contrary. men like the Senator yield me 2 minutes? on each side. Critics might say the limit Is a false ceiling. Critics might charge that the John Shennan Cooper and Elliot Rich­ Mr. TOWER.· I yield 2 minutes to tho limit Is as high as the Soviet Union can or ardson-with tlleir keen judgment, es­ Senator from Arizona. wants to go during the tel'm of the agree­ tablished independence, and restrained Mr. GOLDWATER. Just to respond tQ ment. Therefore, the agreement Is an empty partisanship--could serve well in such a a couple of points raised by my good exercise. a limit that does not limit ••• post, I am surc. What it does mean is friend from Idaho. Then the Administration would IIppi'e­ that we must avoid placing in charge of I might say I do not know the pOlitical elate a CIA report arguing that the SOViet the CIA any individual too deeply em­ affiliation. if they'had any, of any of Union has the abUlty to sm'pass the limit the past heads of the CIA. Yet all of the in the near futl.u"e, and would do so if there broiled in partisan politics, too inter­ were no agreement. twined with the political destiny of the recent ones have succumbed to the pres­ President. himself. sure of the President to do things that What would be the response of a long­ The strongly partisan, political back­ they told me iil· their own minds they standing and deeply dedicated political groundof George Bush should eliminate knew were wrong, but nevertheless the ally of the President when asked to pre­ his candidacy. in my view. We ought to President wanted them done. pare reports which wonld help the for­ consider carefully theharm this appoint­ r think it is time we put a man in tunes of the White House and his party? ment will cause the whole effort to reform there who has and has shown the cour­ George Will concluded that Ambassador and strengthen the Central Intelligence age to stand up and tell a President ex­ Bush at the CIA would be "the wrong Agency. actly what he thinks is wrong with what kind of guy at the wrong place at the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ the President is doing; and that is ex· wrong time." ator's 2 minutcs have expired. and all actly .what George Bush is going to do. The conservative journalists Rowland time of the opponents has expired. Another point my friend made was to J!.'vans and Robert Nowak, In their col­ Mr. TOWER. Mr. President. I will be list a long line of Wliters, including Mr. umn entitled "Overlooked Political Real­ delighted to yield an addition minute of Tom Bl'aden, ,vhosewife has just gotten ities," also notcd that-- my time to the Senator fro111 Idaho. a rather lucrative political job. All of The Bush nomination is regardecl by .OlUe Mr. CHURCH. I thank the Senator. those COhUl1lllSts. writers, andilews­ bltelllgence experts as another grave morale The prospects for. starting afresh al'e papers that.he has talked about as rep­ deflator. They reason that any identified good. and I have viewed the chances to resenting the people would be opposed to politician, no matter how resolved to be polit­ anything a Republican President ever ically pure, would aggra\'at~ the CIA's credl· restore public trust In the CIA with con­ bility gap. Instead of an identifled politician siderable optimism. But this is 110 way did. even if he:l'ecitedthe Lord's Pra.yer lIko Busll ••• what is noeded they feel. is a to begin the restoration. No new set of every morning. respected non-politician. perhaps from bnsi­ laws. no new guiding principles-regard­ The biggest poll that I have seen, the 11ess or the academic world. less of how skillfully drawn-will l'e­ biggest Gallup poll as to interest in tIllS store tlllS trust if the credentials of the whole subject. is 7 percent.I·llave not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ received a piece of mall in my office-4tnd ator's 10 minutes have expired. new Directol' raise serious questions of Mr. McINTYRE. I yield the Senator 2 propriety, I have not l'eceived much mail on this minutes. Today, the Senate can grievously subject-that opposes Goorge Bush. I Mr, CHURCH. Under pressure frc>m weaken the independent statUl'e of the would much rather listen to the people CIA, or it can vote to continue the worthy than listen to the biasedopinions of per­ thc Congress, the Pl'esident removed Mr. tradition of political neutrality and pro­ sons who are opposed to anything' Re­ Bush fl'om consideration as a Vice-Presi­ fessionalism espoused by Harry Truman publicans do. dentialrunning mate this year; but this and Allen Dulles, So again I hope this bOdy will vote gesture hardly resolved the basic prob­ I sincerely hope that we show good unanimously ill favor of Mr. BUSh. lcmswith tIlls nomination. Mr. Blish jUdgment. reject this nomination and Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, we }lave made it cleal'durlng his l'ecent confirma­ del11ancl.from the President a more im­ heal'd a,great deal t()daytothe,efieet tion hearings before tIle Senate Armed partial candidate. that the position of DCI is too sensitive Services Committee that his future polit­ Mr. TQ'Wl!,"'n., Mr. President, I yield 2 to be politicized. and I agree It shoul(l ical ambitions are anyl;hing. but exUnct. minutes to tlJe Sellator from New not be. But we cannot prooeed On thf: Tb.ey have mel'ely cntered a stage of Jcr;3IW. a,~sumpt,i()ll .that. it. will be politi(Iized.if CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1167 Mr. Bush is appointed. lIe has proved to tingly that that was done. I have de­ fore who picked theil' intimateS as Dels. have a:singuiarcapability for dealing fended tIle committee and defended the John McCone was certainly a close per­ with. issues. and .events in a bipartisan committee's bipartisanship and its non­ sonal associate of President Kennedy. way and a nonpartisan·way. partisanship. I have defended the com­ He was hIghly regarded by him and had I think the IDost telling point that has mittee against charges of cover-up for to be regarded as a personal ally. Yet been made here· today was the point political reasons. John McCone was a fme DC!, a good made by my distinguished colleague, the But what is it then, if we have indeed one. Admiral RaybUlTI waa a personal ranking Republican on· the Committee been bipal-tisan and nonpartisan. that pick of President Johnson. He was on Foreign Relations (Senator CASE), gives the members of the select commit­ someone without 1I:.telligence back­ when he said: Is there any job in this tee of the U.S. Senate som.e kind of su­ ground, but a man who the President American democl'ucy which requires a perior morality in terms of ordering its felt he could trust. We have precedent superman? Is there something· wrong conduct along lines of neutrality and fol' this kind of thing. That then be­ with our institutions because our in­ nonpartisanship? comes a nOnal'gUlnent. stitutions were devised to be governed, Everyone has said that. George Bush I think in the final analysis we have managed, and subjected to the decision­ is a man of superior character and abil­ to make the decision on the basis of the m.aking process participated in by men ity; He has served in the Congress of the question: Is, indeed, Mr. Bush quali­ of normal human foibles and weak­ United States. As the distinguished Sen­ fied? He is, because this is a job that nesses? ator from Montana, our distinguished requires superior managerial ability and I cannot really get too excited about majority leader, has said, every Senator that he has proven. Senator GOLDWATEr. this buSiness ()f politicizing a sensitive must be presumed to be equal with evel'Y has noted George Bush's experience in job when I recollect when he came to other Senator in terms of good con­ business. He is a man of consider13,ble office in 19610ur late revered President science and ability in the voice he raises intelligence and erUdition, one who is John F. Kennedy appointed his brother in this Chamber. I think we would have capable of marshaling masses of facts as Attonley General; There was no great to extend that further to say that the and reducing them to manageable pro­ outcry about that. Robert Kemledy was same qualifications that are necessary in portions and drawing conclusions. a man of extraordinary ability, although a good Senator are necessary in a good George Bush is such a l11",n of proven of lim.ited backgl'ound in legal practice. Congressman. intelligence and ability. He was enormously Close to his brothel'. The record of George Bush in the Mr. GARY HART. Mr. President, will He presided over the Justice Department House of Representatives is clear, He the Senator yield for a question? within which is included the FBI which was, in his first term in Congress, ap­ Mr. TOWER. And further tllere is the does not gather external intelligence but pointed to the Ways and Means Commit­ question: Does he have the character? tee of the House, the first freshman Con­ Indeed he has the character and has gathers internal intelligence, There was proven that, and no one has denied that no outcry about that 01' the overpolitici­ gressman in 50 years to be appointed zation of this sensitive position, and he to that important and sensitive commit­ he has. tee. I happen to know that the Republi­ I will yield to my friend from Colo­ was indeed, in many instances a con­ rado for a question providing he makes tact point with the CIA and, according can leadership in the House selected carefully the Members who went on the it short because we are about 30 seconds to testimony, not always with the DCI away from the time to vote. but sometimes with SUbordinate officers. Ways and Means Committee. They could not be men who were mere partisan hell­ ADDI'rIONAL STATEIVIENTS S\.;~l'.:.U'I'Tif.D ON NOMI­ There was no outcry, and I would be the NA~'ION OF GEORGE BUSH TO BE DIRE'CTOR Of' last to be critical of that. l'alsers. They had to be men who could weigh issues at times in a judicious man­ CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE So what is the real fear that we raise Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I would here? I think it is certainly more ner, free of partisan considerations. imagined than real. It is that of parti­ George Bush made a distinguished like to join my distinguished colleagues, sanship because he is a former chair­ record there and was loved and admired Senators CULVER, JOHNSTON, LEAHY, Mc­ by men of various political parties and INTYRE and others in OPPOSillg confinna­ man of the Republican National Com­ tion of Ambassador George Bush as mittee. I think that that is less subject political persuasions. Mr, GARY HART. Mr. Presideut. will Director of Central Intelligence. to the Charge of partisanship than the In general, I believe that a President fact that partisans in Congress author­ the Senator yield for a question? Mr. TOWER. I will yield in a moment. should have a wide latitude in selecting ized themselves to ulVestigate the activi­ officials to staff his administration. And ties of the intelligence-gathering com- And no one has accused political con­ munity. .. siderations of enterulg into George I have no basic reservations about Anl­ bassador Bush's competence and ability My distinguished friend from Idaho Bush's conduct of the country's business in his capacity as our Ambassador to the to discharge the official duties of this the chainnan of the select committee: office. has, I think, made every endeavor to United Nations and our special repre­ sentative to the People's Republic of But this Is no ordinary time in the his­ prevent the committee from engaging tory of the U.S. Government, and partic­ in partisan exercises, and I know tliat China. If we are so concerned about politici­ ularly in the history of the Central In­ he has been highly resentful that the matt~rs, telligence Agency and U.S. intelligence committee has been charged with parti­ zation of sensitive we should never undertake to· investigate sensitive activities ·in general. F01' the Past few sanship from time to time. He is con­ years, we have seen a growing crisis of cerned about· perceptions. I certainly matters here in Congress because we are admittedly a body of partisanship. public credibility in government espe­ cannot conceive of the Bush appoint­ Vfe recognize partisanship by drawing cially in regard to the U.S. intelligence ment-- a hne down the middle of the Senate comnllmity. Two special committees of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the Chamber and putting the Republicans on the Congress are cun-ently engaged in Senator susllend? May we have order in one side and the Democrats on the other. sorting out the past perfonnanoe and the Chamber, please? It gets increasingly dlffi.cult to put all the behavior of our intelligence agencies. and Mr. TOWER. I cannot conceive of the Democrats on that side because of the in helping to craft much-needed l'e­ Bush appointment beulg perceived as forms so that abuses of power will come any mOl'e partisan than a congressional increasing numbers of them, We hope to investigation of the intelligence-gather- remedy that and ease their discomfort to an end, and so tilUt our intelligence ing commtthitY. .. of being crowded this year. We recognize community will genuinely sel'Ve theneeds the majority and minority leader~hip. and interests of our Nation. There have been accusations made Can we then presume to say that we In the recent past, the CIA was used from without to the effect that the Se­ are nonpolitical and nonpartisan, when for partisan political purposes. Those lect Committee hi the Senate engaged in we undertake to deal with the sensItive acts severely tUldercut the credibility, the some degree of cover-up. There have problems of the day? morale, and the effectiveness of that beensuggesf;ions that perhaps the com­ The arguments of politicization of the agency to fulfill its legitimate purposes. mitt!!e ~ .a little pit .toughel· on the Agency snd the partisanshIp of the DI­ It is imperative that a new DirtlCtQl'of EiSenlioweral1(1 ~ixon administrations rectcr who would simply do his Presi­ Central Intelligence should be' above than oip. the Kenn!!dy and Johnsoll ad­ dent's bidding, I tbUlk all fall of their question, above reproach. MM..impor~ ministrations. Ifthat be true it is not wit- 0-;':11 weight. V,'e have had Presidents be- tant, he or she must be l;omec\Jle who will CXXJI-74-Part 1 llC<8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE January "27,1976 inspire the confidence of the administra­ ably articulated these concerns RI:ct they Mr. DURKIN. Mr. President,ffiUch.nf tion, the Congress, and the American are ones which I fully share. the debate on the nomination of George people at this critical time. There must The President first indicated that he Bush to be CIA Director has centered on be no doubt that the person holding this regarded Mr. Bush as a se.ious possibility his prospects for the Republican Vice office "will remain aloof from partisan for the Republican Vice Presidential Presidential nomination. politics, and no question of his or her nomination in 1976, and VIr. BllSh him­ Many Members of thiS Senate an­ ability to act solely in the interests of self has indicated since his appointment nounced reservations on the nomination reforming the intelligence process and that he maintains a continuing interest based on that possibility. But when restoring public confidence in the CIA. in elective public office. When this be­ finally assured by the White House that While I reCogllize and acknowledge the came an issue, the President t::ccked Mr. Bush was somehow out of the run­ accomplishments of Ambassador Bush away but Mr. Bush has not. He has said ning for the No.2 spot, many of the res­ in the Congress, at the United Nations, nothing about his ambitions for seeking ervations melted away. and as our representative to the People's further elective office-even in this elec­ That was an unfortunate turn in the Republic of China, I believe that his re­ tion year. debate, and one, I suspect, orchestrated cent role as chairman of the national It is precisely this possibility that by the supporters of the Bush nomina­ committee of a national political party, troubles me deeply, and it is for this tion. The possibility of the Vice Presi­ will mske it difficult for him to fulfill the reason I wlll oppose N[r. Bush's con­ dential candidacy was a strawman set vital task of restoring public confidence firmation. up for the Senate to knock down-to give in the probity and integrity of our intel­ I do not believe we should confirm as the impression that the President was a ligence community, following needed Director of the Central Intelligence compromising man most interested in reforms. Agency someone who may be olf cam­ taking pOlitics out of the CIA. Mr. President, in taking this position paigning in a few short months. The Nothing could be further from the on Ambassador Bush's nomination, I do necessary task of our investigations has truth. I think the record shows quite not question his integrity or ability to subjected the Agency to turmoil enough. clearly that Ambassador Bush is no more discharge the responsibilities of high Now we are entering the most critical pe­ qualified to run the Central IntelligenCe Government office. But I concur with my riod as we seek to make changes to rem­ Agency than I am. distinguished colleagues that this is the edy the problems of the intelligence com­ One commentator put it succinctly: wrong appointment fOI' the Office of Di­ munity. For this the CIA needs a fulltime Tho only thing that Bush has in common rector of Central Intelligence at this Director, not one who may be gone a year with top CIA officials is his prep school and time. And I urge the Senate to reject from now either because he has a new Ivy Le"ague education. this nomination. office or a new boss. Or put another way, Mr. Bush ap­ Mr. MONDALE. Mr. Presidmt, the And the first priority of a new Direc­ pears to be a member of that powerful nomination of Mr. George Bush to be tor must be the Nation's future not his elite which has an amazing ability to Director of the Central Intelligence own. keep itself in positions of influence in Agency has become a major point of It is the traditional responsibility of Washington irrespective of changes in controversy because of the argument the Senate, when viewing appOintments administrations, public sentiment, or that building public confidence in our made by the Executive, to assure there is public policy. The Nation has said it is Government means that politicians must no conflict of interest. This is what I fed up with the "bUddy system" whicll be excluded from such sensitive posi­ think many speakers today have been has grown up in Washington, Mr. Presi­ tions as CIA Director. driving at. The issue is not the integrity dent. But the Bush nomination will only I do not share this view. To participate of politicians; it is the potential conflict increase the public distrust. in politics is to exercise our freedom. It of interest. George Bush has a history of over­ is one of our most fundamental rights. The CIA DIrector must be objective. weaning loyalty to the pOlitically pOwer­ It must be encouraged, n'lt maligned. He must be willing to give a President ful. He was a member of the class of 1966, 'ro be a practicing politican is to be bad news. He must be willing to say "no" the first Republicanever to hold a con­ sensitized to what is acceptable to the to things which would exceed CIA's au­ gressional seat from Houston. But he American people. It trains us to respect thority or the authority granted the willingly sacrificed his two-term seat to the governmental institutions for which President. He must be prepared to level Richard Nixon's olf year election cam­ we are responsible. It demands a meas­ with the Congress, even when the intel_ paign to eliminate his political enemies ure of proportion and restraint. It im­ ligence informations does not square from the Senate in 1970. Falling his at­ poses the discipline of public account­ with the policies of the executive branch tempt to defeat the junior senator from abili'.;y. I believe these are the qualities or the interest of his party. Texas (Mr. BENTSEN) , Mr. Blish accepted we very much need in our Government If, indeed, Mr. Bush intends to go the Richard Nixon consolation prize of and, in particular, the CIA. from service with the CIA to further na­ 1971 "the ambassadorship to the United I believe no post in our Government­ tional oroce, I believe that he could not Nations. inclUding the CIA-should be placed olf fulfill those functions properly. There Taking his cues from the White House, limits to those who may have held elec­ would be the inevitable suspicion that Mr. Bush there argued vehemently tive office. The investigation of the Select his actions and advice, however honor­ against the United Nations admission Committee into the abuses and the fail­ ably motivated they might hl fact be, of China, until the rug was again pulled ings of the Central Intelligence Agency were premised on or at least tempered by out from under him by Henry Kissinger's and the rest of the intelligence com­ their possible effect on his own political announcement of the quasi-recognition munity does little to encourage confi­ futuI'e. Mr. Bush might even be uncon­ of the People's Republic of China. Later, dence· in the nonpoliticians who have scious of the tempering process, but if in a superbly ironic move,Bush was ap­ held tllat post in the past. he mahltained political ambition it pointed diplomatic liaison to China. Perhaps if past Directors of our in­ would surely take place. And even if it Between these jobs,Mr. Bush spent 2 telligence and investigative agencies had did not, many people would never believe years presiding· over the decline of the stood for elective office, had gone it. It would be a classic case of conflict Republican Party at the hands of a be­ through the political experience of try­ of interest, and as with an such cases, leaguered Richard Nixon, culminating ing to be responsive to the American appearance is as important as reality. in the 1974 congre!lsional elections. people, they might have had the good For that reason, I called upon Mr. Despite these setbacks urged upon him sense and proportion to say "no" to the Bush to renounce any candidacy for by designing politicians, Mr.. Bush has many abuses we have llilcovered. elective office at the l1ationallevel for at never become bitter. In fact, when asked In short, Mr. Bush's past political ac­ least 2 years fonowing his tenure as Di­ by the New York Times if he was loathe tivities should not disQualify him from rector of CIA. In my view, 2 years was to leave the U.N. position in 1972 to as­ holding this important post. But if Mr. the minimum time for Mr, Bush to put sume leadership of a floundering Repub­ Bush's political past presents few con­ his political career in trust. lican National Committee, he repl1ect that cerns regarding his fitness for this of­ Mr. Bush has not seen fit to take this when asked to do something by the fice; his possible political future presents step. So, in all conscience, Mr. President, President, "In my kind .of system of a great many. Many speakers today have I cannot support him. civics, yoU oUghtto d\)lt." Januw'y 27, 19;76 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- SENATE 1169

'!'hatis it ina nutshell, Mr. President. department, and the CIA directorship is AIlOV" RUROACEl Mr. 13ush'sself-avowed political devotion not a political position to be rotated with Of no lesser importance is the note­ and· self-promotion raises grave doubts Pi'esidents and political ambitions. We worthy fact that George Bush has, about. his ability to keep his head above do not need independent czars heading throughout his varied career, kept him­ tl1cp(llitical waters. our most delicate agencies, as was the self above reproach in domestic matters, What.isequally disturbing, however, Is case at the FBI. But let us not go t.o the and he has earned the respect of the the way the President perceives the prob­ opposite extreme. many foreign governments with which lem .in Langley~ To hIm, it appears to be Finally, Mr. President, Mr. Bush's at­ he has come in contact. Perhaps at this one of public relations-restol'ing public titude toward foreign polley gives one tinle more than ever, it is vital that the confidence in a worthwhile intelligence pause. In his testimony, the nominee re­ Director of our intelligence network agency. If thi!! were so, Mr. Bush would fused to foreswear the use of CIA funds possess the esteem and high regard of be the ideal person to handle the prob­ fOl' operations to destabilize or topple both his countrymen and the rest of lem. :But the l'evelations of the past year foreign governments-an act that would the world. In addition, bis pers{)nal in­ tell me that it is .not appearances or per­ be considered tantamount to war if some telllgence and affabiIlty, as well as his ceptiolls which Ileed mending at the CIA, nation did it to us. To qoute from Mr. casual manner, should make 11im one of so much as it· is procedures, activities, Bush's testimony: the more personable heads that this in­ and attitudes. I can't tell yOll there would never he sup­ telligence agency has had to date. During the past 25 years, the CIA has port for a coup d'etat. ASSET TO THE AGENCY overstepped its bounds 9~t both ends of Senator GARY HART, taken somewhat its jurisdiction, cutting a swath through All of these characteristics can do no abacl{ by the response, followed with a less than contribute to an improved foreign governments either with little or question concerning the Ambassador's no executive. oversight, or directly on image for the CIA, as well as to bolster willingness to target a legitimately the morale within the Agency at a time Presidential' orders without the knowl­ chosen government. Mr. HART asked: edge of even concerned Members of the it is partiCUlarly needed. Furthermore, Wha.t if it is a constitutionally elected as a former Member of Congress himself, Cabinet. That is the Central Intelligence government? problem, and it necessitates total revision George Bush understands the role of this of the cold war stance of the CIA. It re­ Replied Mr. Bush evasively: representative body and its need "to quires·a director capable of guiding the I think we should tread very, very care­ know," particularly in relation to cel·tain Agencydown thatnarrow path which lies fully on governments that are constitution­ nonpublic activities undertaken by the between the. roles of rogue elephant and ally elected.. ,• After all, that is what we intelligence system. In this respect, I feel Presidential pawn which the Ag<:Dcy has are trying to promote around the world. certain that the Ambassador will be a assumed from time to time. In light of the Mr. President, I feel tha,t Mr. Ford has partiCUlar asset to the Ageney, not only magnitude of this problem, I think Mr. betrayed the opportunity to reform our with regard to its administrative appa­ Ford has seriously undershot the mark intelligence community with the ap­ ratus, but also with regard to its rela­ in his recall of Ambassador Bush to be pointment of a political crony. It is time, tionship with Congress and the public. CIA Director. once and for all, to break the connection The Directorship of the Central Intel­ . Yesterday, Mr. William Colby stepped between the CIA and the Republican ligence Agency can hardly he c()nsidered down as CIA Director after a l'ocky 1975. National Committee. a "political springboard," or even a point Mr. Colby may not have enjoyed the In its report to the President, the ()f personal advancement for a man who most corc11al relations with Cong-ress or Hockefeller CO:TImission emphasized has already had such a colorful career .. even mutual trust-he was tainted from that- . in so many flelcis of public service. Truly, the start by his leadership of Operation The proper function of the Agency must Mr. Bush is to be commended for his Phoenix in Vietnam, became impatient depend in largc part on the character of the willingness to accept what is sure to be, With Congl'ess' resurgent interest in over­ Director of the Central Inte1l1gence Agency. in many respects, a "thankless" job, but sight, and justyesterday renewed charges The best assurance agaInst misuse of the one that is so vital to the security of our Agency lies in the appointment to that posi­ Nation. that Congress could not keep a secret. tion of persons With jUdgment, courage and But I point out thatit was Mr. Colby who I am certain that George BU.':;h will independence to resist hnpl'oper pressme and perform the duties of thi'l position with also brOught most of the news of the importuning, whether from the White CIA's bad deeds to the attention of. the HOllse, Within the Agency or elseWhere. the energy and dedication the job re­ two congressional committees, and who quires, that he will bring bonor upon attempted to implement regulations to It seems to me Mr. Ford has ignored his Agency and his Nation, and that he prevent further impropriety. His sugges­ some good advice. will in all ways prove to be an out.<>tand­ tions on reform were forthright and I ask my colleagues to vote down the ing choice for Director of the CIA. It is based on unexcelled knowledge of the nomination of George Bush to be Direc­ my hope that the Senate will act Agency. It was premature to dismiss him. tor of the Central Intelligence Agency. promptly in confirming the nomillatioll Mr. Bush's break-in period at the CIA Mr. DOLE. Ml·. President, I am pleased of George Bush for this vital role in our would now, ill IllY opinion, seriously if to vote for confirmation tooay of George national security. not. h"l·eversJ.bly jog the continUity of the Bush as Director of the Central Intelli­ Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. PI'(~sident" I gence Agency. Ambassador Bush and I have decided, after much thought and Agency's directorship. As Senator JOlIN CuLvERPoiIited out during the Armed have been good fl"lencis for a number of with some reluctance, that I must vote Services Committee hearings, the years, and our association has convinced against the nomination of George Bush change·.of liorses will come directly in me of his unquestionable qualification to be Director of Central Intelligence. midstream with less than 9, year to go for the heavy responsibilities of this I have met :Mr. Bush on several occa­ before the elections and a possible position. sions and find him to be an affable, in­ change of the administration. The next George Bush is a planner-he is a co­ telligent. and dedicated public servant. ordina·tor-he is an administrator. These I believe that there are many positions CIA Director ought to be someone who traits so necessary to capable leadership of responsibility in Government that he would be qualified to stay on under an have been reflected throughout his many might hold and hold with distinction, as administration of either party, Mr. CUL­ years of experience as'a successful busi­ he did his post in China. VER said. I agree. Given the moral and nessman, a Congressman from Texas, But, as a member of the Select Com­ organizational problems faclllg the CIA, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, mittee to Study Govel'nment Operations further shakeups at the top of the National Republican Committee Chair­ Agency in the critical months ahead with respect to intelligence activities, I man, and-most recently-as U.S. En­ have had the oPPOl·tunity to examine in would . greatly impede oUl' intelligence voy to the Peoples Republic of China. depth the valious intelligence agencies operations, wbich have always been Without question, the Director of the and theh' activities, and I do not believe among the best in the world. . CIA in the months ahead must pos­ that the CIA should have as its head Mr•.. Ford sa.ld be wants one of "his sess an extraordinary ability with all of at this time a person whose prior offices gUys? atthe CIA. just as he wants one of these skills in order to fulfill the expec­ have inclUded among the most poUtlcal ."his.. guys". at Defense and Commerce, tations of the Nation, the Congress, and in our Government and a person without But the,CIA is not just another Cabinet the AgellCY iffielf. experience in the intelligence community. 1170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27; j.pro' When Mr. Bush was first nominated, I pecially at this time in our history, a system, in working with these nations­ expressed concern about the possibility person without highly partisan connec­ that they were much toolmportarit~.() of injecting any partisanship into in­ tions, who can restore the conftdence not shove on the bacl{ burner in the conduct telligence gathering and analysis. As I only of the American people but also of of our policy. noted then, the Central Intelligence the many dedicated professionals in the When George Bush resigned as Am­ Agellcy- service. bassador to the United Nations, he left By its nature, demands objectivity and Mr. HELMS. It gives me no pleasure that position commanding the respect non-partisanship as the price of performing to question the wisdom of the nomina­ of U.N. supporters as being one of the well ... IntelIlgence estimates and reports tion of George Bush to be Director of most effective Ambassadors of our time, based on poUticsl polley and poUtical aims Central Intelligence. Both the nominee because of the special skill and sensitivity make bad intelllgence reports and estimates. And, they make bad poUcy. ·What we must and the President who nominated him he had brought to bear on his responsi­ strive for is objective intelligence, straight­ are friends of mine. bility. He assumed the chairmanship of forward information which pollcymakers can But the advice-and-consent respon­ the Republican Party at a most difficult evaluate and from which they can develop sibility of Senators is a duty which I take ti....ne-Watergate. I believe few in either alternatives. It is in deciding the alterna­ very seriollSly. I do not feel that the Bush party-Republican or Democrat--wouId tivea that poUtical considerations, if they nomination is a suitable one, regardless disagree that he filled that role in a very are to be brought in at all, should surface. of my affection for him personally. statesmanlike manner. But, in any event, they shoUld resl.llt from Therefore, I cannot in good conscience As chairman of the National Repub­ intelligence, not form It. vote to approve it. lican Party, we continued our relation­ I am confident that Mr. Bush would In doing so I do' not deprecate Mr. ship as two i,'ldividuals who were vitally do his best to guarantee a nonpartisan Bush in any way. I simply feel that, un­ concerned over the effectiveness of our approach, and in another time, in der the prevailing circumstances, it participation in the United Nations. In another atmosphere, that might work; would be far better for him to serve in partieular was Ou!' mutual concern over but in today's time and today's atmos­ another capacity. George Bush is a very placing this Nation back into compliance phere, I do not believe that is sufficient. pleasant and affable man. I assume that with U,N, sanctions against Rhodesia. The best of intentions, the best of ap­ he will be confirmed regardless cf my His assistance was invaluable in our suc­ proaches will not eradicate a political vote, and I wish him well. I have never cessful effort in the Senate during De­ taint which derives not only from Mr. considered myself impossible of error, cember 1974 to repeal the so-called Byrd Bush's prior service in a very political and I hope that my doubts about this amendment. While it was not in the position but also from the President's particular nomination will prove to have definition of his reSpOnsibilities as chair­ own words when he explained his reasons been unfounded. man of the Republican Party, George for removing Mr. Colby and Mr. Schles­ Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, sericus Bush, nevertheless, continued his active inger. questions have arisen as to the political pursuit of policies aimed at strengthen­ I appreciate the President·s desire to desirability of the Senate approving the ing the U.S. role in the United Nations. have on his staff persons he feels con­ nomination of George Bush to the Direc­ Not Ollce during his service as chait'man fortable with,'those he believes will be tor of the Central Intelligence Agency. of the Hepublican Party did he lose his members of his team. In terms of per­ The objections stem from the [[,ct that seJ1se of urgency or commitment to the sonal staff and Cabinet posts, these could George Bush once served as national United Nations as an important aspect be valid reasons for change, but I do not chaitmall of the Republican Party. of om' foreign policy considerations. believe the same applies to the Central Somehow, this is supposed to mal{e him It was due to these attributes that he Intelligence Agency. Political influence less capable of directing our Nation's in­ became our representative to the People's hasno place there. The idea of playing on telligence efforts in an effective and im­ Republic of China. Once again, the nomi~ the President's team should be totally partial manner. nfl,tion was criticized on the basis that foreign, especially a t this time. Mr. President, I have to voice my it was too sensitive a post to be given to A strong and effective intelligence strong disagreement with the critics, be­ a man who had been chairman of the agency is imperative to our security. cause I believe they have chosen to Republican Party. Yet once again, George There is no conceivable way we could do ignore the public service of George Bush Bush demonstrated to his critics that he without one. All our intelligence agencies, and the invaluable contributions he has was more than equal to the task. He was particularly the Central Intelligence made to our Government on a broad held in high regard by the Chinese and Agency, are passing through a difficult front. served with distinction. time. Discussions of abus':!s, which must I recall, all too well, the reservations In my estimation, what is needed in obviously be identified and prevented in expressed when George Bush was nomi­ the Central Intelligence Agency is not the future, have nevertheless obscured nated to be our Ambassador to the a Director with a background deeply appreciation of the very important role United Nations. At that time, the critics rocted in the intelligence service-Agent which the agency plays and which must, were pointing to the fact that he did not A, B, or C. For example, most of the of necessity in many instances, be kept have the international experience to as­ carecl'professionals are suspect anyway, secret. In such a situation it is certainly sume the responsibility commensurate because of various hearings conducted understandable that morale might be with assuming that key position. Yet, as by congressional committees and the re­ low among the host of dedicated men and a delegate from the U.S. Senate to the ports filed by these committees. What the women in the intelligence agencies who 27th General Assembly of the United CIA neeCls is a proven and skillful ad­ must wonder exactly what they are sup­ Nations, I can personally testify to his ministrator with a sense of public re­ posed to do and whether or not they will superb performance as our Ambassador sponsibility. This meahsa man sensitive be supported by their own government to the U.N. George Bush demonstrated to both the public and political processes and people when they do it. Such a situ­ his exceptional talent and skill in estab­ of our Governmentand one who under­ ation can persist only so long and not lishing a close and effective rapport with stands the division of responsibility with­ undermine our vital intelligence func-' all missions represented at the United in these pl'Ocesses. George Bush is such tions. The time has come' to mend, to Nations. Most important was his close [l man and the type of individual the repair. working relationship with representa­ Servicc will l'equire for the ne"t several These are obviously considerations of tives of the less developed nations. It was years if we are able to piece together time and place. But coupled with the very a time when we ,,'ere listening to the again a responsible and necessary in­ real need to maintain an independent grievances of these nations, expressing telligence service. agency, an agency without a political our reservations when we believed their I would urge my colleagues to judge tai.11t either in appearance or substance, perceptions of our policy to be incorrect, George Bush on the basis of his public they demand that special requirements but in the end, acllieving an atmosphere I'ecord and the effective manner in which be placed upon the t~'pe of person who of mutual respect and cooperation on is­ he has risen to the challenges·of public should serve as head of t',he agency. sues important to our national concern. service in the past. This is the oruycrl­ Intelligence work is sophisticated, George Bush recognized the need for teria by which we Should judge whether complex, difficult. It requires someone the United States to be sensitive to the 01' not he is capable of assuming the re­ wit-hat least a working ~amiliarity with less-developed nations and to spend time, sponsibilities of'this critical· position. If the various aspects, and it requires; es- within the conteKt of the United Nations the judgments are made on this basis, January 27, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1171 then I. believe my colleagues will agree The post requires a "superman or call into question the nDmination of a that the ledger book comes out strongly superwoman." There are occasions when man who has been deeply immersed in in favor of George Bush. His past service certain posts should be filled by one who partisan politics for more tllan a decade as chairman of the Republican Party is has not been the national chairman of to the most sensitive and nonpolitical completely irrelevant to the. issue. one of our major political parties. The Agency within our Governm·ent, the CIA. Mr. PHILIP A. HART. Mr. President, FBI is one. The CIA is another. This nominee who has been and will I shall vote against the confirmation of Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, in light continue to be considered for the high­ George H. Bush to be Director of Central of the debate surrounding the nomina­ est public offices in this country will be Intelligence. tion of George Bush to be Director of placed in a position beyond limitations While I usually have voted to confirm Central Intelligence, I wish to set out for of human nature. Mr. Bush will be re­ the person a President, Democrat or Re­ the RECORD my reasons for supporting quired to present to high-level personnel, publican, wanted in his administration, Mr. Bush's nomination. including the President and the National I have done so for those positions pri­ In the first place, I do not find in Mr. Security CouilCil, the views and recom­ marily concerned with carrying out the Bush's background or Government serv­ mendations of the intelligence commu­ President's programs. I have argued ice any serious suggestion that he is nity with objectivity and without allow­ that the President should have the peo­ other than a man of integrity, and I do ing the ever-present domestic political ple he wants to assist in such efforts, and not believe that opponents of his nomi­ consequences to influence his jUdgment. that the caliber of the appointments and nation suggest otherwise. Mr. Bush has The select committee investigating our their effectiveness will be judged at the served as a Member of Congress, as our intelligence gathering agencies has re­ next election. Ambassador to the United Nations, and vealed abuse after abuse over the past However, that view does not extend as U.S. representative in Peking. His ef­ year which have shaken the confidence to nominees to Federal courts or to Fed­ fective discharge of these important of­ of the American people. They are not eral regulatory agencies. Neither the ficial responsibilities has never been certain in their own minds that these courts. nor regulatory agencies should questioned. agencies can obey the law, can limit their be involved in promoting the political activities to foreign intelligence and most program of an administration. Just as It has been suggested, however, that importantly, can refrain from involving their task is different from that of a Mr. Bush's political activities have some­ themselves in partisan politics. Confir­ Cabinet office, so too is the task of the how rendered him unfit to serve as Di­ mation of Mr. Bush will not contribute to Director of the CIA. rector of the Central Intelligence Agency rekindling of confidence that the CIA Is Certainly, recent revelations of wrong­ at a time when the integrity of that in­ moving along the proper road to cor­ doings and misjudgments by our intelli­ stitution itself is under attack. rect its mistakes of the past. gence agencies are proof of what hap­ Mr. President, I take the other view. We all recognize the deep disenchant­ pens when such an agency bends to the It seems to me that tho CIA should be ment of American people with institu­ partisan concerns of the administration managed by someone who has a sense of tions they feel have not served their in­ in power. h:>w the American system operates, by terests. To place a politician in charge Because of those abuses, public confi­ someone who has some respect for the of an agency that needs insulation from dence in the CIA is at low ebb. To restore role of Congress as overseer of the opera­ politics and to expect the American peo­ that confidence, the CIA needs a Direc­ tion of the Federal Government, and as ple to trust our decision, will demonstrate tor who, in fact and appearance, has the representative of the political values in profound insensitivity to the demands of background, temperament, and ambi­ which Americans believe. our constituency and needs of our rep­ tion to withstand political requests, sug­ Mr: President, I believe that tile Sen­ resentative government. gestions, or concerns which could lead ate, in confirming Mr. Bush;s nomina­ Mr. CULVER. Mr. President, I will vote the Agency away from its propel' and im­ tion, should go on record in imposing on against the nomination of George Bush portant task-the gathering and report­ him a special responsibility. Should he as CIA Director. I will do this without a ing of accurate information. be confirmed, I hope he will understand shadow of prejudice against Mr. Bush or This need is important not only to re­ that the Congress is confirming him not any doubts as to his integrity and ability. build the confidence that the CIA will no only because it believes in his integrity, I simply do not believe that he is the longer pursue paths which led to proven but also because it believes in his com­ propel' nominee for the leadership of the misdeeds, but also to build confidence mitment to Congress' role in the over­ Central Intelligence Agency at this sen­ that the inf.ormation the Agency reports sight and administration of our intelli­ sitive point in that Agency's history and is free of partisan political concerns and gence activities. at this critical time in our national life. consideration. On that understanding and hope, I I also have the utmost respect for the Certainly no one can predict how a plan to vote for Mr. Bush, right of a President to staff his adminis­ person will handle the pressures swirling Mr. HASKELL. Mr. President, today I tration with qualified persons of his around such a post as CIA Director. would like to state why I oppose the nom­ choice where there is no overriding rea­ However, we can determine the appear­ ination of George Bush as Director of son in the public interest for opposition. ance a particular nominee will bring to the Central Intelligence Agency. It was In this case, in my jUdgment, there is a job. a considered decision and was with some such clear-cut reason. The qualifications Whatever qualifications Mr. Bush may reluctance that I came to this conclu­ called for in the CIA directorship at this have for handling the technicalrespon­ sion. time are unique and stand apart from sibilities of the job, his background as a credentials adequate for other high pub­ highly placed political aid-who, under­ Without question, Mr. Bush has ren­ lic offices. standably, perhaps, never expressed a dered to this country dedicated and val­ The United States must have a strong. critical judgment of President Nixon uablepublic service in a number of very independent, and effective intelligence while chairman of the National Republi­ responsible Government posts. He is a capability, free from policy bias and un­ can Party-with political ambitions for conscientious citizen who has served mistakably deserving of public trust. Any the future makes him the wrong per­ two terms in the Congress of the United nomination for Director which raises sig­ son to do the job of restoring public con­ States and twice was a candidate for the nificant public doubt or disagreement fidence in the Agency. office of Senator. For 2 years he filled the only serves to delay the necessary process There are, I am sure, other individ­ position of chairman of the Republican of rebuilding and reforming the CIA. uals who possess talents equal, or per­ National Committee where he regularly In his letter to the Armed Services haps superior, to those of Mr. Bush who participated in meetings of the Presi­ Committee regarding the nomination, would bring to the office the experience dent's Cabinet. Mostly recently, he han­ President Ford cited the importance of and background which would help re­ dled the sensitive mission as chief of the strengthening public confidence in the store confidence that the Agency is pur­ U.S. Liaison Office for the People's Re­ CIA and maintaining continuity in its suing its assigned task and only its. as­ public of China. leadership. Unfortunately, this particular signed task in an effectlveway. .Mr. President, I do not call into ques­ nomination is likely to have a contrary :For that reason, I will vote against the tion the qualifications of Mr. Bush to result since it raises suspicions of politi­ confirmation of Mr. Bush. serve this country in high-level posts. I cal bias and the prospect of short tenure. 1172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE January 27,,1976 With regard to tenure, we have learned difficult job of straightening out our in­ not long for the job. they wUl not take in the case of both the FBI and CIA that telligence activities by giving it the di­ him. seriously and the product of the directors should not become so en­ rection it needs and must have quickly. Agency will not count for what itshouId trenched that tlley grow stronger than Nonetheless, I support this nomina­ in the total scheme of things. If the pub­ passing administrations. But we have also tion reluctantly. The Central Intelligence lic sees him as a short-term holder of a learned that constant turnover or easy Agency is in desperate need of new lead­ most sensitive job, then it will wondel' susceptibility to political changes is like­ ership that can restore and calm the about what he is doing to keep his job or "ise destructive of the office. public confidence so necessary to the where he will try to land next. The CIA is awaiting its fourth Director CIA in fulfilling its critical role of pro­ Finally, Mr. President, I oppose the in only 3 years. And there is a strong tecting this great but vulnerable democ­ nomination, because of the conviction in chance that the elections next November racy in the harsh reality of the world the arguments of the four members of will lead to another nomination for the today, My reluctance stems from my the Armed Services Committee ,vho position. Such a rate of turnovel' hinders feeling that Mr. Bush may not be the voted against Bush after hearing his the development of effective leadership wisest choice for this position. I am con­ testimony. They are Senators McINTYRE, and the restoration of public confidence vinced that George Bush is a dedicated LEAHY, HART, and CULVER. Three of these and policy continuity in the CIA. American 'with proven leadership quali­ Senators stated under "Minority Views": We are in imperative need of a Direc­ ties and the reqUisite degree of adminis­ To confirm Mr. Bush would set an unwise tor who can restore intelligence to its trative abilities, but I also feel there were precedent for future nominations to this rightful and proper place in our national many equally well-qualified individuals most sensitive post. • • • George Bush is security system. Unfortunately, the way with a less partisan background. In my a man of integrity and ability. We intend no this nomination was made and the in­ opinion, the Nation would have been adverse reflection on his character. But he evitable political overtones of the ap­ better served by removing any linkage has been nominated to the wrong position pointment at this time have not con­ between leadership of the CIA and par­ at the wrong time ... tributed to that objective. In many ways, tisan politics. I would have been pleased to have had the nomination and the circumstances in However, with the President's assur­ the opportunity to vote for a noncontro­ which it was made, are an injustice to ances, along with Mr. Bush's, that he versial nominee: a person with knowl­ Mr. Bush. will not be in contention for the Vice edge of foreign policy and the defense; In my view, it was unfair to deprive Presidency in 1976, I believe his proven someone who was so outstanding as to Mr. Bush of his constitutional birth­ record of successful accomplishment of merit the enthusiastic support of aU of right to be a candidate for Vice President difficult assignments shows he can do us and who would be kept on by our next or any other o:ff:ce as a condition to this job effectively. In addition, it may President, no matter who that President assmning this post. For me, this obscures be that his congressional background maybe. rather than clarifies the central point as and political sensitivity will prove to be Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, my col­ to why this honest and able man is not an asset for this position. In fact, this leagues on this issue have presented their the right perSO::1 for this particular post background may well provide the neces­ arguments so eloquently and effectively at this particular time. sary oversight link we have been search­ I see no need to summarize. I believe that the nominee should be ing for. Instead, I would like to address direct­ a man or woman whom the next admin­ 1\1:1'. CRANSTON. Mr. President, I rise ly three reservations most frequently istration would consider for its choice to oppose the nomination of George cited or implied by those who hesitate for Director-someone qualified, in­ Bush to be the Director of the Central to vote against confirmation of this dependent, and nonpartisan enough to be Intellig'ence Agency and the head of the nominee. able to provide more than transitional entire intelligence community. I do so The first is the understandable reluc­ service. The Director should be immune without making any jUdgments about tance to deny the President the appointee to improper influence from even the Mr. Bush's character or his abilities. I he wants. I share that reluctance. But I highest places in our Government. As do so without caring about his party also share the Washington star's con­ the Rockefeller commission put it, the affiliation. Indeed, I have supported al­ viction that the least desirable trait for CIA Director should have "the independ­ most all appointments to high office by a CIA Director at this time and under ence to resist imprope:' pressuro-:, whether the two recent Republican administra­ these circumstance is that he be identi­ from the White House, or elsewhere." tions since coming to the Senate in 1969. fied as one of the President's "guys" with I subscribe to no dogmas about what I have sometimes championed Republi­ a disposition for "team play." What is sort of person should hold this office. cans for major appointments, when I needed is a man the PUblic immediately There may, for example, be real advan­ thought theY were qualified for the posi­ perceives to be-again in the Star's tages at times in having a Director who tion at issue, words-"a hard-bitten naysayer who has not been an intelligence professional. There are two major reasons why I will says the unsayable and bucks the trend But I do know that the intelligence vote against the Bush nomination: of wishful thinking." community noW' requires leadership with My opposition to Mr. Bush was not I would not presume to name that man. the power to command public trust and personal and I sincerely hope he does a But surely this Nation has more than with a background as far from the sub­ good job, I opposed his confirmation, be­ one James Schlesinger. stance or even the appearance of polit­ cause he is such a controversial figure ical partisanship as it is possible to get. that he is virtually certain to be replaced The second reservation cited by those A competent caretaker is not enough. within a year if there is a change in who hesitate to vote "nay" on this nomi­ The next Director must be a builder, a administrations-if a Democrat is nation is an understandable reluctance strong leader completely dedicated to the elected President in November 01' even to deny a sensitive post to a man because compeling needs of this particular job. if some Republican other than President of his partisan political background. He must command the allegiance of Ford is elected. That means by this time Again, I share that same reluctance. those who work in intelligence and the next year the CIA will probably have its And in another time, and under different complete confidence of a natio:l that de­ fifth change in leadership in 4 ·years. circumstances, Mr. Bush's background pends on· the Agency's clear devotion to That is a terrible rate of turnover at a would not inspire me to vote against his high standards of performance and time when the CIA, more than ever be­ confirmation. But while there is admit­ fidelity to constitutional principles. fore. needs steady, stable direction for a tedly some unfairness in discriminating Thus, despite my high personal regard rebuilding process so it can properly per­ against him for that reason at this time, for Mr. Bush, I believe that overriding form its vital intelligence gathering there is, in my judgment, infinitely more considerations of publk interest must functions. unfairness in foisting his nomination prevail in the selection of the CIA Direc­ At a time when the CIA will be upon an American public sick to death tor at this critical juncture in the undergoing constructive reforms it needs of suspect politics and richlY deserving Agency's history. at the top someone who can impart an of a CIA Director in whom they can put Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have air of stability and continuity. If the their immediate trust and confidence. the highest regard for Mr. Bush's integ­ employees of the Agency see George The third reason offered or inlplied by rity and am very confident of his capa­ Bush as a temporary Director, his lead­ those who are reluctant to vote for con­ bility to handle this velY difficult posi­ ership is less likely to be effective. If the firmation is closely tied to the second. tion: We need now to get on with the other intelligence agenciE's see Bush as There is a hypersensitive fear that l'e~ January 27, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1173 fusal to confirm will further denigrate Byrd, Robert C. Hruska Pearson The second a<5sistant legislative clerk Cannon Humphrey Percy politics and politicians at a time when Case Jackson Randolph read as follows: restoration of esteem for both is so Curtis Javits Rlbico1l' A bill (S. 961), the Magnuson Fisheries imperative. Dole Laxalt Roth Management and Conservation Act of 1976. Domenlcl Long Scott, Hugh But is it truly realistic to believe that Eagleton Mansfield Scott, The Senate resumed the consideration a vote for confirmation will elevate the Eastland Mathias Wllliam L. of the bill. present dismal level of that esteem? Fannin McClellan Sparkman Fong McClure Stafford Let us be frank. We all know what can Garn McGee Stennis be read--rightly or wrongly-into this Glenn McGovern Stevens MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-HEW nomination: political cronyism and the Goldwater Montoya Stevenson APPROPRIATIONS desire of the White House to have a com­ Gravel Moss Taft Griffin Muskle Talmadge A message from the House of Repre­ patible custodian in charge of an agency Hartke Nunn Thurmond under heavy fire. And we all know what Hatfield Packwood Tower sentatives was communicated to the Sen­ could be read--rightly or wrongly-into Hathaway Pastore Young ate by Mr. Berry, one of its reading confirmation of this nominee: clubbY NAYS-27 clerks. in-house loyalty, old school ties, and the Abourezk Hart, Gary Magnuson The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without image of politicians of every persuasion Biden Hart. Philip A. McIntyre objection, the Chair now directs that the banding together to protect and advance Bumpers Haskell Metcalf message from the House, together with Church Helms Mondale the President's veto message to the one of "their own," regardless of the pub­ Clark Huddleston Morgan lic interest. Cranston Inouye Nelson House, be printed in the RECORD and Culver Johnston Proxmlre spread on the Journal. An unfair l'eading? We can think so. Durkin Kennedy Stone But what really counts is how the public JANUARY 27. 1976. Ford Leahy Williams The House of Representatives having pro­ reads it. ANSWERED "PRESENT"-l So, I ask this of my colleagues. I ask ceeded to reconsider the bll1 (H.R. 8069) en­ Welcker titled "An Act making appropriations for them to imagine walking down the the Departments of Labor, and Health. Edu­ streets of their respective hometowns. I NOT VOTING-8 cation, and Welfare, and related agencies. ask them to imagine seeking out town Bayh Hollings Symington for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, and Chile3 Pell Tunney the period ending September 30. 1976, and leaders whose character and integrity Hansen Schwelker al'e unquestioned. I ask them to imagine for other purposes", returned by the Presi­ asking those town leaders what theY So the nomination was confirmed. dent of the United States with his objec­ think of the prudence and the propriety Mr. TOWER. I move to reconsider the tions. to the House of Representatives In of this nomination at this time and un­ vote by which the nomination was which it orlgina.ted. It was ' agreed to. Resolved, That the sa.ld blll pass. two­ der these circumstances. thirds of the House of Representatives agree­ And then I ask my colleagues to ask Mr. HRUSKA and M:r. THURMOND Ing to pass the same. moved to lay the motion on the table. themselves whether a yea vote or a nay To the House 0/ Representatives: vote will better serve the Nation, better The motion to lay on the table was agreed to. I return without my approval n.R. 806f), serve the people, better serve the CIA, the Departments of Labor, and Health, Edu­ and better serve the cause of restoring Mr. TOWER. I ask unanimous consent cation, and Welfare Appropriation Act. 1976. respect and esteem to politics and poli­ that the President be notified of the con­ As you know. I have just vetoed H.R. 5559, ticians. firmation of the nomination. which would have extended for six months The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the temporary tax cut due to expire on New GOLDWATER) . All time has expired. objection, it is so ordere(;. Year's Eve, because It was not accompanied The question is, Will the Senate advise by a limit on Federal spending for the next fiscal year. H.R. 8069 is a clas~lc example of and consent to the nomination of George LEGISLATIVE SESSION the unchecked spending which I referred to Bush, of Texas, to be Director of Central in my earlier veto message. Intelligence? On this question the yeas Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I ask H.R. 8069 would provide nearly $1 billloa and nays have been ordered, and the unanimous consent that the Senate re­ more In spending authority than I had re­ clerk will call the roll. turn to legislative session. quested. Not only would the $45 bl1llon total The legislative clerk called the roll. There being no objection, the Senate In this bill add significantly to the already Mr. WEICKER (when his name was resumed the consideration of legislative burdensome Federal deficits expected this called). Present. business. year and next. but the Individual Increases themselves are unjustified. unneces~ary, and Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce unwise. Tht'l bll1 Is. therefore. Inconsistent that the Senator from Indiana (Mr. APPOINTMENT BY THE VICE with fiscal discipline and with e1l'ectlve re­ BAYH), the Senator from Florida (Mr. PRESIDENT strahlt on the growth of government. CHILES), the Senator from South Car­ I am not impressed by the argument that olina (Mr. HOLLINGS), the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. H.R. 8069 Is In line with the Congress' second Rhode Island (Mr. PELL) , and the Sena­ BAKER) . The Chair, on behalf of the Vice concurrent resolution on tne budget and Is. tor from California (Mr. TuNNEY) are President, pursuant to Public Law 86­ therefore, In some sense proper. What this necessarily absent. 42, appoints the Senator from South argument does not sav is that the resolu­ I also announce that the Se.mtor from Carolina (Mr. HOLLINGS) to attend the tion. wl1lch expresses the Congress' view of Canada-United States Interparliamen­ appropriate bUdget restraint. allproves a $50 Missouri (Mr. SYMINGTON) is absent be­ million, or 15 percent. Increase In Federal cause of illness. tary Conference, to be held in Key Bis­ cayne, Fla., January 29-February 2, 1975. spending in one year. Such an increase is I further announce that, if present not appropriate budget restraint. and voting, the Senator from Missoul'i Effective restraint on the growth of the (Mr. SYMINGTON), the Senator from Federal Government reqUires e1l'ectlve limits MAGNUSON FISHERIES MANAGE­ on the growth of Federal spending. This bill Rhode Island (Mr. PELL) , and the Sena­ MENT AND CONSERVATION ACT provides an opportunity for such llmltatlon. tor from Florida CMr. CHILES) would OF 1976 By itself. this bill would add $382 million each vote "yea." The Senate continued with the con­ to this year's deficit and would make next Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the year's deficit $372 million more than If my sideration of the bill (S. 9611 t{) extend recommendations had been adopted. In addi­ Senator from Wyoming (Mr. HANSEN) pend~g international agreement, th~ and the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. tion. the Increases provided for this year fishenes management responsibility and would raise expectations for next year's budg­ SCHWEIKER) are necessarily absent. authority of the United States over the et and make the job of restraining spending The result was announced-yeas 64, fish in certain ocean areas in order to that mUCh more diffiCUlt. Thus. this bill nays 27, as follows: conserve and protect such fish from de­ would contribute to excessive deficits and neediess inflationary pressures. [Rollcall Vote No. 10 Ex.] pletion, and for other purposes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Furthermore, if this b1l1 became law, it YEAS-64 the previous order, the Senate will now would Increase permanent Federal employ­ Allen Bellmon Buckley ment by 8,000 people. I find It most difficult Baker Bentsen Burdick resume the consideration of the Unfin­ to believe the majority of the American peo­ Bartlett Brock Byrd. . ished business, S. 961, which the clerk ple favor increasing the number of employees Beall Brooke Harry F., Jr. will state. on the Federal payroll, whether by Congres-