INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND WATER GARDENING SOCIETY WATER GARDEN JOURNAL Volume 17, No. 4
Contents
2 – From your President 2 – From your Editor 2 – News and Updates 3 – News Snippets 4 – Annual Competition for New Waterlilies 5 – Alien Invaders 5 – Initial Report from the 2002 Symposium 6 – Competition and Banksian Medal Award 6 – Back Issues 7 – Propagating Aquatic Plants Hydroponically - John C. Hovanesian 10 – Water Quality - Gary Jones 12 – Nominations for Inductees into the IWGS Hall of Fame 12 – Announcement of IWGS Research Awards 13 – Educational Opportunities 14 – Commercial Members
Page 2 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
FROM YOUR PRESIDENT FROM YOUR EDITOR
It was great to see everyone in Portland at the 17th It is some years since our last questionnaire to the full annual symposium! Eamonn Hughes, aided by Bridget membership and, as Brad has mentioned, we would Shaw and others, put on a great show for all of those very much appreciate your input. attending. Jim and Verena’s terrific pre-symposium tour explored many of Oregon’s special sites (the We hope that you find plenty of interest in this issue. dune buggy rides being a highlight!). Many thanks to For ease of navigation, all links mentioned in the all who played roles in this wonderful event. articles can once again be found on the society website www.iwgs.org Attending the Symposium is special to many of us for several reasons. We get to renew acquaintances with James Allison – Editor many friends that we only see once a year. We get to [email protected] talk about the hobby that we love with many other knowledgeable people. We can listen to some of the most experienced people in aquatics give lectures on NEWS & UPDATES their field of expertise. There is also the opportunity to volunteer in the running of the IWGS.
You are encouraged to get involved in the groups that give direction to the Board of Directors. PORTLAND SYMPOSIUM Interesting committees, like the web-site and the Feedback on the recent symposium in Portland has symposium committees, need volunteers. This is a been most positive. A short summary is on page 5 good way for new members to get to know people and a full report follows in our next issue with a and feel part of the organization. Get involved! Our colour cover for competition-winning lilies. next symposium is planned for the beautiful city of Toronto, so make plans now to attend next August! SYMPOSIUM 2003
Plans are being made for our 2003 symposium in Hughes Water Gardens grew the lilies for the annual Toronto, Canada, around the first/second week in waterlily competition this year and did a terrific job August, with opportunities to see scenic Niagara of bringing both tropical and hardy lilies to maturity Falls, botanic gardens and growers. Further details in the cold Pacific Northwest. Some details are in this will follow in the journal and on the website, once journal, and it is important to note that the winner of they are finalised. the competition was a first timer. The Schuck’s of
Charleston Aquatic Nursery have been involved in WEBSITE the IWGS for many years, but entered the waterlily Tom Kiehl has been carrying out work on our trials for the first time this year and came away with website and a number of new features are due to the grand prize! Another first timer, Stewart Maiden, appear shortly. Society members will be able to post won the best small hardy category. Congrats to both details of upcoming events in their area. We will also and I hope this encourages other first timers to enter list society members willing to be speakers - useful if the competition which has become one of the you know a club or organisation that needs a highlights of the annual symposium. presentation on water gardening.
A questionnaire is included and is important for us to With the introduction of ‘PayPal’ it will also become better serve your needs. Please take a few minutes of possible to pay for memberships on-line with this your time to complete and return it. secure and straightforward method of using your
credit/debit card. Regards,
Brad McLane – President [email protected] The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 3
GERMAN BRANCH The German speaking branch of the IWGS NEWS SNIPPETS FROM (Wassergarten-Freunde) has a new President, Theo Germann, and Vice President, Andreas Schwimmer. OTHER PUBLICATIONS For more details of the branch’s activities, contact: AND THE WEB Gesellschaft der Wassergarten-Freunde Theo Germann
Am Rübsamenwühl 22 CZECH AQUATIC COLLECTION 67346 Speyer, Germany The University of Florida’s newsletter ‘Aquaphyte’ Tel. (0)6232-63040 Fax (0)6232-63041 22(1):14 reports on the Collection of Aquatic and Email [email protected] Wetland Plants (CAWP) at the Institute of Botany of www.wassergarten.de the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. This
compact but impressive collection of around 350 The branch has provisional plans to hold an species, hybrids and cultivars, includes plants mostly exhibition sometime in 2003, beside the lily ponds of indigenous to Central Europe. It is considered the Karl Wachter in Walderbach. greatest collection of native aquatic and wetland
plants in Europe. Although not open to the general FRANCES PERRY REMEMBERED public, the curators are happy to exchange plant In her lifetime, Frances Perry was an outstanding materials with other plant collections. More details communicator on water gardening with many books can be found at www.butbn.cas.cz and articles to her name and she was one of the first to be included in our Hall of Fame. One of her PLANT DISEASE ISSUES remaining legacies is the horticultural college at Capel The Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association based in Manor (sited north of London, England) where she the UK (www.ornamentalfish.org) notified its was closely involved. members that a consignment of aquatic plants from The IWGS made a donation Singapore has been destroyed following inspection, of £1,000 to the college’s due to the presence of the larvae of millennium appeal for Nymphula/Parapoynx crisonalis which is not native to research and training funds, Europe. This raises the importance of plant health for and the picture below shows all those shipping plants internationally. the college’s Chief Executive
Steve Dowbiggin, receiving [Coincidentally, a web search shows that the Asian the cheque from Board moth in the above case has also appeared in Florida representative Marion Haufe. where its larvae have been found feeding on Hydrilla. 3Frances Perry’s portrait on Capel It may even be a candidate for biological control of Manor’s ‘Millennium Wall’ this submerged weed. (Photo: Charles Covington) http://www.invasive.org/publications/xsymposium/pr oceed/05pg307.pdf ]
FISH DISEASE ISSUES - SVC
The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service carries an article regarding the recent
outbreak of Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC) on a fish
farm in North Carolina, the first confirmed case in
the USA.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cei/sv_us0702.h
tm
SVC is a serious viral disease which can kill common
and ornamental carp as well a variety of other
cyprinid species including, rudd, tench, orfe and
goldfish. The virus (Rhabdovirus carpio) can lie Page 4 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 dormant in the fish, only causing mortalities when it OTHER TREATMENTS is triggered e.g. by water temperature rises in the It is worth noting that Atrazine and a similar spring. SVC has been found in a number of other herbicide, Simazine, are found in some algicide countries, including mainland Europe where it is also products. Many other widely used chemical products a notifiable disease. Eleven cases were reported to the are being re-assessed for safety by environment World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in agencies in a number of countries. Items being 2001 (http://www.oie.int), and one case has been considered include the persistence of the chemicals reported in the UK in the spring of 2002. and the risks of biological side effects at concentrations well below those previously thought As this journal went to press there were unconfirmed to be safe. reports of a second finding of the disease elsewhere in the USA. Information on viral diseases in koi can also The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) of the UK be found on the website reports in The Garden 127(9):664) that new safety http://www.akca.org/kht/virusalert.htm legislation in Europe is likely to greatly reduce the number of treatments available to gardeners after KOI HERPES VIRUS July 2003, in many cases due to the high costs of Worldwide there has been continuing nervousness in the review process. Other UK sources have the koi trade due to the potential impact of Koi informally confirmed that some pond and aquarium Herpes Virus (KHV, previously mentioned in the treatments are likely to disappear from shelves due to Water Garden Journal 17(2):2). There are limited this legislation. reports of incidents of the disease this year, including news of one possible outbreak in Indonesia. Gary Jones of API in the USA has also noted that certain formulations of water test kit for ammonia A UK fish dealer was taken to court by a customer will eventually be withdrawn due to new controls on whose koi contracted KHV. The case has gone products that contain traces of mercury. against the dealer and the damages and costs in the case are expected to exceed $400,000. THE IWGS These two viral diseases raise the issues surrounding the transport of fish around the world. Just as with ANNUAL COMPETITION alien plants, alien aquatic diseases can have unforeseen impacts and water gardeners will not be FOR NEW WATERLILIES able to ignore the potential consequences on trade. It is not too early to start thinking about entries to COMMON HERBICIDE DAMAGES FROGS the 2003 competition to be held in Canada. Full The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science details and the call for intention to participate will USA 99(8):5476-5480), reports on tests that show follow in the next journal issue and will also be posted the herbicide Atrazine causes male frogs to become to the website. demasculinized and hermaphroditic. This occurred at levels of only 0.1 parts per billion (ppb). [Equivalent Nymphaeae hybridizers or introducers can submit a to around 4 drops in an Olympic sized swimming maximum of five varieties to be grown in the pool]. competition. You do not have to be the hybridizer or introducer to submit material, but you should have Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the the permission of the hybridizer/introducer to do so. USA and is used widely elsewhere [though its use is becoming more restricted e.g. in the UK]. It is found In the past we have had few entries in the dwarf and in agricultural run-off and can reach concentrations small categories, if you have a new small or dwarf of 40 ppb in rainfall. Nymphaeae please consider it for entry.
It is considered that this widespread compound and other environmental endocrine [hormone system] disruptors may be a factor in global amphibian declines. The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 5
ALIEN INVADERS WEBWATCH
As invasive plant issues are becoming increasingly Our regular review will appear in the next issue. If high profile in many countries, we will be regularly you would like to sign up to one of our popular reporting on this topic under this column heading. Email lists – the general pond list or the Victoria and The IWGS also has its own fledgling ‘Invasive Species’ Anecphya list – you can sign up at: committee under the chairmanship of Prof. Barre www.iwgs.org/services/emailist.htm Hellquist.
If you have any news of invasive plant issues in your own area, or news of impending legislation, please INITIAL REPORT FROM THE pass these on to the editor. 2002 SYMPOSIUM It is in the interests of water gardeners everywhere to be responsible in the way plants are labelled and distributed, and to make sure that end users are The symposium held in and around Portland, educated in the way they use and dispose of plants. Oregon, during the summer of 2002, was hailed a At the same time we all need to remain well great success by the attendees who travelled from all informed of proposed actions by governments. If over the USA, Canada, the UK and Ireland. poorly drafted legislation slips through un-noticed and unchallenged it could seriously reduce the range SYMPOSIUM PRESENTATIONS of ornamental plants available for water gardens. Following a ‘Show and Tell’ session, in which some interesting new plants were highlighted, our first NYMPHOIDES speaker, Don Les, gave an overview on the issue of ‘Aquaphyte’ newsletter also highlights a useful flyer invasive plants. His entertaining style was in direct which has been produced to aid identification of four contrast to the seriousness of the subject, and a relatively similar Nymphoides species. N.indica and number of controversial points were raised. N.cristata are non-native introductions causing problems in some parts of Florida, whereas Our other presentations came from: N.aquatica, and N.cordata are native to the state. - Gordon Ledbetter, who gave many real case The full colour flyer can be downloaded from examples of how not to build a water garden, plus http://www.fcsc.usgs.gov/Nonindigenous_Species/ny many practical ways in which problems could be mphoides.pdf overcome. - Barre Hellquist, whose illustrated talk showed the RHS PLANT BAN different hardy waterlily species and how they The RHS reports (The Garden 127(9):664) that it related. is to ban the sale of some non-native invasive species - Cathy Green gave an enlightening talk on Nelumbo. at its flower shows. The list includes the aquatics: - James Lawrie rounded off the symposium with an informative overview of the history of water in the Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort), landscape. Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot’s feather),
Crassula helmsii (New Zealand pygmy weed) and HALL OF FAME AWARDS Azolla filiculoides (fairy fern/moss). Our main awards this year were made to Dr. Donald These plants are currently not subject to any Les and Gordon Ledbetter with Awards of legislative controls in the UK. However, the serious Appreciation made to Tom Kiehl and ??? consequences of their spread has been raised by the government agency ‘English Nature’. The full details of the award recipients and a full outline of the symposium presentations will be included in our next journal issue. Page 6 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
COMPETITION AND
BANKSIAN MEDAL AWARD
The IWGS’s annual competition for new lilies was held at Hughes Water Gardens during the 2002 symposium. The site had plenty to take attendees attention with thoughtfully laid out displays, water features rich in design ideas, and a good selection of Best medium/large tropical Best dwarf/small hardy ‘Midnight Serenade’ ‘Snow Princess’ plants and fish. The competition greenhouse was a major draw, where thirteen tropical and seven hardy varieties vied for the coveted RHS Banksian Medal.
Competition entries had come from the USA, Best medium/large Cyprus, Israel, and Japan (via the UK), and the hardy lily: marking was close, especially in the tropical lilies. Nymphaea ‘Perry’s Orange In the final results, the lily with the highest number of Sunset’ points was the purple-blue tropical day bloomer (all pictures: ‘Midnight Serenade’ from Craig Presnell of Luster Sean Stevens) Aquatic Nursery. Craig was the recipient of last year’s Banksian award for his lily ‘Serendipity’, and We will have a full report on the competition with under the RHS rules is not eligible to receive the colour pictures in our next journal. You can also see award this year. Therefore the RHS Banksian Medal the winners in colour on the society website. for the winner of the 2002 IWGS Competition for New Waterlilies was awarded to the close scoring, sky-blue, tropical day-blooming Nymphaea ‘Chaz’ BACK ISSUES from Charleston Aquatics Nursery. The Society is pleased to offer back issues of the
Water Garden Journal. The best medium/large hardy Nymphaea was the apricot orange ‘Perry’s Orange Sunset’ from Perry Most journals are still available going back to our Slocum, and the best dwarf/small lily was the hardy early issues in the 1980s. Where a copy has run white ‘Snow Princess’ from Stewart Maiden of out, it is usually possible to supply a photocopy Japanese Business Services, UK. instead. Also available is an index for the first eight
volumes produced by Walter Pagels - we also hope to have it on the society website shortly.
The cost for members (non-members in brackets) is as follows - Journal issues: $7 ($10) each Index for 1985-1992: $5 ($7.50) Shipping and handling costs: - for North America are $2.50 for one journal. Add $1 for each extra journal ordered. - for the rest of the world (airmail) are $4.00 for one journal. Add $2.50 for each extra journal.
Please direct enquiries and orders to our main Banksian Medal Winner Nymphaea ‘Chaz’ office in Florida - address on the back cover. from Charleston Aquatic Nurseries The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 7
show the clear differences in size obtained. PROPAGATING AQUATIC Hydroponic methods also give more neat and clean looking plants of a more uniform quality when PLANTS HYDROPONICALLY compared to bare root plants. Transplant survival is also good in comparison with bare root stock. FROM A PRESENTATION BY JOHN C. HOVANESIAN, RESEARCH PRESIDENT OF COASTAL & NATIVE A great deal of work was carried out on hydroponics PLANT SPECIALTIES INC. at the University of California at Berkeley during the 1950s. This work was mostly carried out on tobacco plants grown in a ‘float’ system, where the plants WHY USE HYDROPONICS? float over the nutrient/water medium. Studies done Hydroponics have been used in one form or another at that time resulted in the use of particular fertilizer for thousands of years. The Egyptians grew papyrus mixes e.g. ‘Hoagland’s solution’, based on noting the and vegetables in sand irrigated with water, an early stress caused to plants by varying the levels of form of hydroponics. different nutrients. These early studies have provided the basis for much of the research since then. Today, environmental issues are becoming increasingly important. Regulations are clamping The outcome of this research reinforces what the down on water use with water sanctions in some basic requirements are for any hydroponic system to areas. Worries over pollution from fertiliser and function properly: pesticide run-off are also high on the agenda of those l Light - with photosynthetically active radiation involved with clean water issues. Hydroponics have a (P.A.R.). The best type is natural light. role to play here. They are often very efficient in l Substrate – something to support the plant their use of space. Also, by recirculating water, the l Water overall volumes of water are much reduced and the l Nutrients levels of fertiliser use can be carefully monitored. The l Oxygen types of fertilisers can also be closely matched to the plants being grown. For example, most plants prefer FURTHER RESEARCH to use nitrates as their source of nitrogen, but a Much of the early research work was carried out on number of aquatic plants prefer ammonia/ammonium growing tomatoes. This research was halted when it as a source. became clear that, at that time, hydroponics was not a viable method of growing the plants commercially. PRACTICAL USES However, more recently the hydroponic route has In Florida hydroponic systems are used with tanks been re-investigated as it provides a major possibility 100’ x 12’ wide backed up with water storage tanks. for growing plants in virus-free conditions. Larger plants are often grown on raised benches. The tanks are fabricated from concrete and lined with AQUATIC PLANT EXAMPLES EPDM rubber which has proven to last better than Where possible, seed propagation is used in large PVC. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is used to heat the scale hydroponic systems as this is easy and less systems where necessary, backed up with solar energy labour intensive. Vegetative propagation is a viable using technology developed for swimming pools. It is alternative more suited to certain plants e.g. necessary to pick a genuine solar engineer when Peltandra (where the seeds have a poor germination designing solar heating systems as some of the ideas rate in the wild), and giant Thalia spp. (which is on the market are ‘flaky’. In Florida excess heat in grown hydroponically in gravel). A section taken greenhouses can be a problem and this is combated from an underground Thalia stem will give a plant with evaporative cooling systems. with a larger and more robust root system than a plant grown from seed. ADVANTAGES Hydroponic systems give faster production of liner Some ‘mature’ seeds may not germinate as expected. plants – ‘liners’ are young unfinished plants. Slides In some cases they can be triggered by using a showing side by side comparisons of plants grown in hormone such as those found in hormone rooting conventional pots and plants grown hydroponically powders. One brand used is ‘Provide G.A.4’ at Page 8 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 around 50 ppm (higher levels, >100 ppm, can SUBSTRATES actually be inhibitory). On Thalia dealbata this One good medium is coir. This is composted coconut ‘gibberellic acid stratification’ gives around 30-40% fibre and is low in damping-off organisms (Pythium, germination. Rhizoctonia). It comes in compressed bales that need to be soaked overnight before use, and is half the In other cases Thalia seeds can be started into growth price of peat. Unfortunately [in the USA] the by: supplies of this product are not particularly reliable. - scarification, nicking or cutting the seedcoat by filing at the opposite end to the embryo and/or filing Alternative substrates include rockwool. Cubes of the sides until the endosperm is reached. On fresh rockwool can simply be placed over holes cut in a un-stratified seed this gives up to 70% germination. sheet of styrofoam (polystyrene) and floated on the - imitating the chemical environment that would be water. Unfortunately the Dutch patent on rockwool provided by rotting conditions or the digestive root cubes makes it rather expensive. Fibreglass is not enzymes of birds. a viable alternative as it is carcinogenic. - stratification (cold treatment) e.g. a month in a fridge. FERTILIZERS Coir can be used with ‘Osmocote’ slow release Canna flaccida produces lots of seed and although fertilizer (e.g. NPK 18:6:12) which needs to be these need filing, they will produce a greater quantity moist to release the nutrients. The fertilizer release is of plants than vegetative means. much less predictable in cases where the substrate alternates between wet and dry, and one problem Juncus effusus produces lots of seed but it is easy to with such fertilizers is a possible algal bloom. There split vegetatively to give relatively large plants. will be some trial and error to find the most However, this plant is used in mitigation (the appropriate fertilizer for any particular plant. restoration of previously damaged or polluted Micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum and landscapes) and in some cases small liners are copper can all play a role. dropped directly into marshes, so in these cases it is worth growing liners from seed. Nitrogen from ammonia based compounds can be used with aquatics but higher levels can burn them, Not all seeds are uniform in the way they germinate. so keep levels low initially. Pontederia the pickerel ‘rush’ (it sounds so much better than pickerel ‘weed’) is an example. The seeds WATER fall off some time after the petals have fallen. The The water in the tanks needs to be pumped around seeds should only be harvested when they start to fall to bring nutrients to the plants. For most land plants off of their own accord. it is also essential to have plenty of oxygen in the water. This is achieved by using a venturi (air Some plants produce few seeds and are best grown injection) nozzle on the return supply of water and vegetatively e.g. arrowhead (Sagittaria); lizards tail giving a fast laminar flow through the tanks, up to (Saururus) which may be dioecious [having the sexes seven turnovers per hour for onions. In contrast, on different plants]; and variegated sweetflag (Acorus waterplants do not always need the high levels of spp.) where the tiny plants at the base of the stems oxygen, indeed waterlilies dislike high levels of grow well in hydroponic systems. oxygen. Slow water movement is fine for most marginal plants. Work has been done in the UK on growing pitcher plants (Sarracenia) from seed but they can be very Keep water temperatures above 50°F. The pH of the slow to germinate. Fortunately there are eyes on the water can be kept acid (5-6) by using muriatic acid underground rhizomes and by chopping up the (H Cl) although phosphoric acid is okay (pH range 5- rhizome, and putting it into hydroponic trays, plants 7). can soon be got going. Large eyes are the fastest to grow. POTS
The cell trays used in propagation (‘flats’) are made from ‘styrofoam’ (expanded polystyrene) available in a range of sizes and cell counts. The 72 cell flat is a The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 9 favourite. Individual cell sizes vary from around 1½”- transplant, especially if the soil is high is salts. 2” up to 4”, usually with square cells. To encourage Commercial additives in the soil mix may help to the roots to grow down into the hydroponic solution maintain the correct availability of moisture around the flats can be painted with a rubberised paint. the plant roots (e.g. ‘Stockosorb’). It usually takes Alternatively, plastic liner inserts (sourced from the four to six weeks following transplant before the UK) can be dropped in. These taper down at the plants are saleable. base and so direct the roots through the hole at the base of each cell. This item is based on a presentation given at the PLANTING SEEDS IWGS Post Symposium/Pondapalooza, Atlanta, in the Much of the equipment used in hydroponics was summer of 2001. originally manufactured for the large tobacco industry. It is possible to obtain flats already filled Dr. John C. Hovanesian holds a Ph.D. in Horticulture with coir and they can be dibbled with a dibble plate and a curriculum Ph.D. in Botany from Louisiana that creates the correct impression in the centre of State University. He is founder and president of each cell. Coastal & Native Plant Specialties of Milton, Florida, which specialises in production of sand dune, aquatic A seed plate is a suction-lifting device with holes at and rare exotic plants. appropriate distances to match the dibbles in each cell. Seed is broadcast on a surface, and the plate PRESENTATION FEEDBACK placed over it. A vacuum pump lifts seeds up into the holes in the seed plate and the seed plate is then Following this presentation there was a well natured positioned carefully over the flat. When the vacuum question and answer session with many points raised is turned off, the seeds are aligned correctly in the and issues debated by the audience. seed plate so that they drop directly into the dibbles in each cell. - There were questions surrounding the group’s experiences of the transition shock when plants are To reduce the risk of rot, treat the flats with a moved from hydroponic to conventional systems. fungicide e.g. ‘Thiram’. Fungal infections are one of Many find that plants take quite some time to adapt the risks with hydroponic systems and it is important to their new situations, though John does not to keep an eye open for infections and use consider this to be a major problem. Others prophylactic fungicides regularly. suggested that the change in levels of oxygen around the plant’s roots may affect the plant’s growth by WASTE WATER affecting the oxidation of certain nutrients. The waste water from systems can be plumbed to a constructed wetland where plants can help to - The audience described their experiences with improve the quality of the water passing through. different fungicides. ‘Cleareze’ fungicide spray works but is expensive. ‘Banrot’ can be used as a drench at TRANSPLANTING the initial planting. ‘Aliet’ is a fungistat but as it ties The young plants or liners that are produced by up magnesium it can prove phytotoxic. hydroponics are ready to plant on into a larger pot to grow under conventional means (e.g. in soil mixes of - When potting lilies, most of the audience agreed clay and sand) to a stage when they are saleable to that the best mixes contain at least some clay, 10% retail customers. It helps to prune the roots before or [much] more. A layer of sand over the soil helps planting. Cutting the roots encourages a wound to reduce muddying. The soil is best soaked before response and ethylene is released which stimulates planting takes place. new root growth. Take care not to damage the fine roots near the top of the root system. - Tissue culture plants seem to take longer to get going, though a higher level of phosphate during the During this transition period, when the plant is initial two weeks can help. Tissue culture has limited adjusting from hydroponic to conventional growth, uses but is suited to mass production of endangered an occasional leaf or two may be sloughed off. The plants. plant can suffer from water stress following the Page 10 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
Chlorine, chloramine and heavy metals can all be WATER QUALITY dealt with by using an appropriate water conditioner
when topping up the pond [be sure that the FROM A PRESENTATION BY conditioner can deal fully with the ammonia from the GARY JONES, breakdown of chloramine if this disinfectant is used in your supply]. OF AQUARIUM PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
pH Water quality has a major effect on all forms of water A safe pH level for pools is in the range 6.8 to 7.8; life. Many ulcer problems on fish in the spring are 8.5 is the upper limit for koi and goldfish. Ideally test due to problems that have occurred the year before. the water sample while fresh at the poolside. The pH Disease problems are frequently caused by water will fluctuate according to the time of day. This is quality issues so it is important to address those first. due to the diurnal cycle that affects photosynthesis Make use of your local tap water quality printout [pH will be higher in the afternoon than in the early available from your local supplier. morning]. Very high pH can cause alkalosis with milkiness of the skin and gasping by the fish. Low pH CHLORINE can cause acidosis with fraying fins.
Chlorine is used as a disinfectant and low levels of this irritate fish causing them to scratch their skin. KH Continuous scratching can lead to infections. Carbonate and bicarbonate hardness (alkalinity) helps Chlorine also causes clubbing of fish gills. Normally to buffer changes in pH and low KH values can lead chlorine takes 12 to 72 hours to dissipate from water to much larger fluctuations in pH, which are then drawn from a tap, and it can affect fish during this stressful to fish. An ideal KH is around 120 ppm. time. Fish can usually repair minor damage to gills Softer water of 40-60 ppm is fine for most plants but and fins from chlorine but high or frequent doses are may not suit all fish. If the KH is too low it can be more of a problem. Combinations of chlorine with boosted by adding calcium carbonate. Dolomite rocks other chemicals can form THMs (Trihalomethanes) will raise the pH to around 7.8 but they need acidic which are carcinogenic. To reduce the risk of conditions to dissolve properly. carcinogens in the water, governments are pressing for alternatives. GH General hardness is a measure of the hardness caused CHLORAMINE by salts of calcium and magnesium. High GH levels Chloramine is an alternative to chlorine that is more are less favourable to plants. Adding salt to the water stable and so leads to less of the carcinogenic THMs. will not affect the KH or pH and will only affect GH Its stability means that it can persist for weeks before if ‘hard’ ions of calcium or magnesium are present in it breaks down, even if water is aerated. Chloramine the salt. can enter the fish’s blood and bloodcells and it interferes with iron and so interferes with the up-take SALT of oxygen by the fish. So although chloramine Salt adds important electrolytes to the water, more- doesn’t damage gills like chlorine, it can lead to so from sea salts. 0.1% is an ideal tonic level for suffocation of the fish. water gardens (approximately 1 lb per 100 gallons). 0.2% can be used to treat pools with fish only. HEAVY METALS These metals are required in trace amounts by living FILTRATION BACTERIA organisms, but in excess they are often dangerous. Active filters break down ammonia (NH3) and nitrite Such metals tend to be more toxic in soft water e.g. (NO2) but it can take 4 to 12 weeks for the filter to the maximum safe limit for copper is 2.0 ppm when establish the beneficial nitrifying bacteria. Certain the carbonate hardness is 200 ppm, but this safe bacteria break down ammonia (fish waste) to nitrite level drops to 1.1 ppm at a hardness of 110 ppm. (e.g. Nitrosomonas and others), but they are Metals will build up in ponds which are only topped inhibited by the presence of nitrite. Other bacteria up when they evaporate. Regular part water changes, break down nitrite (e.g. Nitrobacter and others) but especially in the summer, will help to keep levels in are inhibited by the presence of ammonia. Ammonia check. and nitrite (in particular) are toxic to fish. The only The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 11 way of seeing if your filter is breaking them down is l To reduce the food sources for them. Remove to test for them. sources of nitrogen such as ammonia and nitrate. Plants are most useful here. Typically 0.25 to 3.0 ppm of ammonia can also l Use algaecides to kill them. occur from the breakdown of chloramine. To help l Shade out the light they need e.g. with dyes control these ammonia levels special ammonia l Use a UV unit. removers (e.g. ‘Ammolock 2’; ‘Amquel’) can be used. POOR PLANT GROWTH Poor plant growth can occur if the plant is root The final breakdown product of ammonia and nitrite, bound. It may need re-potting. Growth may be is nitrate (NO3). This generally has low toxicity but it restricted by the lack of only one nutrient. Use can affect nutritional uptake especially in young specific aquatic fertilizers as general garden fertilizers growing fish which could become stunted. like ‘Miracle-Gro’ can contain ammonia and urea which might kill fish. Filter activity can be speeded up by adding active media from another filter or by adding plants. In POINTS RAISED these cases the filter may cycle in only 7 to 14 days. Some final points raised included: The essential nitrifying bacteria cannot be added from l Some flocculant products need a specific pH to a bottle. They need oxygen to survive, although function properly. All flocculant products can Nitrosomonas can survive in a single species culture flocculate organisms in the water resulting in a crash o o for up to six months if kept at 4 C/39 F. Some filter in dissolved oxygen levels. Using in conjunction with additives contain heterotrophic bacteria which help to a degrading product (e.g. ‘Pond-Zyme’) can help. break down some other wastes but cannot deal with l The EPA [in the USA] has rules stating that any ammonia or nitrite. product which claims to control algae needs to be EPA registered. The word ‘control’ includes, and is The ideal requirements of nitrification are: not limited to, the following type of statements: l Oxygen, a minimum of 2ppm dissolved oxygen, anything that controls, kills, mitigates, or repels a 4ppm would be better, though this low an oxygen living organisms regardless if it is chemical, biological level would be bad for fish. or electrical (UV or ozone). l A pH of around 7.5. l Sick fish have a history, research that history when l Adequate water hardness. Nitrification lowers the attempting to treat the fish. KH; for every part of NH3 detoxified, seven parts of KH are required. o o l A temperature of 50 to 105 F (10 – 40 C) This item is based on a presentation given at the IWGS Post Symposium/Pondapalooza, Atlanta, in the ‘CLEAN-UP’ BACTERIA summer of 2001. Certain bacteria in the water produce enzymes that help to break down sludges on the pool base. If these Gary Jones is a Technical Sales Specialist at are added to the water, there will be a lag phase Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Chalfont, whilst they establish, then as they multiply the level Pennsylvania, and has worked and lectured in this of sludge will drop. Their activity is limited by factors field for many years. such as nutrient requirements and the circulation in the pond. These bacteria may well be present in mature ponds so why add more from a bottle? GETTING INVOLVED IN
If you can smell rotting eggs (Hydrogen sulphide) THE IWGS when you move rocks around in the pond, it is time to do a clean up. This chemical is toxic to fish in Would you like to participate in some of the trace amounts. Society’s special projects and ongoing work? See the item on our committees in the last journal ALGAE (17(3):33), or contact our office and we shall try Algae are unsightly in a pond rather than harmful. to match your talents to an appropriate area. The means of control are: Page 12 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
Please include relevant information, references, etc. NOMINATIONS FOR to assist the Hall of Fame Committee in selecting the most outstanding candidates. The contributions of INDUCTEES INTO the nominees should be listed in sufficient detail to enable the Committee to make a judgment, THE IWGS HALL OF FAME communicate the information to the Society, and also to compose a meaningful description for the permanent record in the IWGS Hall of Fame. Each year the International Waterlily and Water Nominations from previous years are also considered Gardening Society inducts into the IWGS Hall of each year to make sure that the very best candidates Fame individuals who have made significant are chosen. There are many outstanding individuals contributions to the furtherance of water gardening throughout the world who have made or are making and aquatic plants. Nominations are now being significant contributions to the furtherance of water solicited from all members for 2003 inductees. gardening and aquatic plants. Our recognition of their achievements is a vital part of our Society. Individuals nominated may be alive or deceased; the primary criteria is that their contributions should be notable. They may be hybridizers, plant collectors, writers, public aquatic garden superintendents, ANNOUNCEMENT OF growers, or others who have significantly contributed to the furtherance of the Society's purposes. These IWGS RESEARCH AWARDS purposes are defined in Section IIIB of the Articles of Incorporation as ‘promoting, encouraging, and fostering the discovery, growth, research, development, and improvement of the family The International Waterlily and Water Gardening Nymphaeaceae and Companion Aquatic Plants and Society plans to award a small number of research the dissemination of information pertaining thereto to awards (normally ranging from $500 - $1000) for the membership and to the general public’. 2003 to support scholarly activity in the area of aquatic plant research. Deadline for application is Present Hall of Fame members are: March 1, 2003. You may want to pass this George H. Pring; Bory Latour Marliac; Henry S. announcement on to any academic establishments Conard; Perry D. Slocum; Frances Perry; William local to you where aquatic plant work is carried out. Tricker; Joseph Paxton; Patrick Nutt; Walter Pagels; Bill Heritage; Norman H. Bennett; John & Mary This program provides financial support to graduate Mirgon; Charles B. Thomas; Dr. Robert Kirk Strawn; students, faculty, and other professionals pursuing Martin E. Randig; Ray G.A. Davies; Charles O. research or scholarly activity leading to recognition in Masters; Jack A. Wood; Philip Swindells; Karl their discipline. Grants may be used to purchase Wachter; Dr. Edward L. Schneider; Jean Laydeker; needed equipment, conduct travel, or supplement Dr. Clyde Ikins; Joseph Tomocik; Dr. Slearmlarp salaries. Proposals focused on the ecology, taxonomy, Wasuwat; William C. Frase; Dr. Robert Caspary; systematics, conservation, propagation, or Dr. C. Barre Hellquist; James Gurney, Sr.; Kenneth horticultural aspects of waterlily taxa or aquatic plants Landon; Betsy Sakata; Dr. Donald Les; Gordon will be given preference. Ledbetter. APPLICATION GUIDELINES Nominations should be sent to: 1) Submit a typewritten proposal not to exceed five W. Wayne Davis, Jr., IWGS Vice President double-space typed pages which includes the c/o Plantabbs Products following elements: P. O. Box 165, Hunt Valley, MD 21030 a) CONCEPTION AND Phone (410) 771–1996 / Fax (410) 771-1966 DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT E-mail [email protected] Explain the basic ideas of questions to be explored and the relationship to your immediate or long range Deadline for nominations is March 31, 2003 research or scholarship.
The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 13 b) SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT 2) Applicants are advised that the review committee, State the relationship of your project to the work of drawn from the disciplines across the plant sciences, others in the larger context of your field. A literature will appreciate proposals addressed to an audience of review should be included, with emphasis on the professionals who are interested but not necessarily significant contribution possible from your familiar with the particular terminology or methods investigation. of your specialized field. c) PLAN OF WORK AND METHODOLOGY 3) Applications will be judged using the following Provide a brief outline of the plan of work or criteria: research design including such topics as: i) the quality or the promise of the applicant’s work techniques to be used; present state of the and likelihood the project will be completed; investigation; the work to be completed; results to be ii) the significance of the contribution to the expected; and the schedule for key steps in the advancement as a scholar, teacher, and interpreter of project. Each awardee will submit a three page typed the sciences; and summary of studies and results with an accounting of iii) the conception, definition, and description of the funds received and spent by May 1, 2004. Awardees proposed project. will also be invited to communicate their findings at the annual symposium of the society and/or in the 4) Awards will be announced by April 15, 2003. Water Garden Journal, the official IWGS publication. d) A BUDGET PAGE 5) All publications and presentations resulting from This should include brief justification statements. No work conducted under the sponsorship of these funds will be granted to reimburse overhead fellowships must acknowledge the International expenses. Waterlily and Water Gardening Society.
It is essential that the text includes enough detail WHERE TO SUBMIT APPLICATIONS AND about the ideas, methods, and objectives of the project to enable reviewers to assess quality, LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION: significance, and feasibility. A simple statement of Dr. Donald J. Padgett, IWGS Research Committee, intent or need is insufficient evidence that a project Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State merits support. College, Bridgewater, Massachusetts 02325 USA (508) 531-2089 Office / (508) 531-1785 Fax 2) In addition to the proposal, submit a complete curriculum vitae (CV) including a list of previous publications and descriptions of past grant and EDUCATIONAL professional activities. OPPORTUNITIES 3) Have one letter of recommendation sent to the Longwood Gardens in Kennett Square, Research Committee by March 1, 2003. The Pennsylvania, offers excellent opportunities for individual(s) providing recommendations should be students to gain practical experience, learn familiar with your record of scholarship and gardening skills, and study plants amid one of the knowledge about the proposed project or area of world’s finest horticultural displays. All students research. receive a wage or stipend. For details click on Education, Internships, Symposiums at the main 4) Submit four copies of the completed application website, www.longwoodgardens.org (proposal and CV) to the address below. The Liquid Asset Scholarship Fund has opened the 5) Applicants who wish to receive and/or submit application process for scholarships to be awarded applications electronically may due so by using the in 2003 for US college study in or related to the following address: [email protected] water garden, landscape, and/or horticultural fields or industries. For more information call (888) REVIEW PROCESS 356-9895 or download the application at 1) Completed application packages (proposal, CV, www.pondkeeper.com letters) must be filed with the Research Committee by March 1, 2003. Page 14 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
IWGS COMMERCIAL MEMBERS Our commercial members represent the finest retail and wholesale sources of waterlilies and companion products. You owe it to yourself, and your water garden, to become familiar with them. Commercial members’ complete details - full address; telephone/fax; web details; and the key to products and services - were included in a pull out supplement to the journal supplied with the Summer 2000 issue. These details are also available on the society’s web site at http://www.iwgs.org/listings/commercial.htm
Commercial members major details are noted below. If any changes are necessary, please mail the details to our administrative office: IWGS c/o Paula Biles 6828 26th St W Bradenton, FL 34207 or fax them to (941) 756-0880 or Email them to [email protected] with a copy to the journal at [email protected]
Member Name Contact Person City/County/State Country Phone Category A Fleur D'Eau Danielle Bilodeu Stanbridge E., Quebec CANADA 450-248-7008 Silver Absolute Aquatics Kenneth & Christine Rust Hopkins SC USA 888-776-3159 Bronze American Aquatic Gardens Rich Sacher New Orleans LA USA 504-944-0410 Gold Anglo Aquarium Plant Co. Ltd. David & Rosalind Everett Ensfield, Middlesex UK 44-208363-8548 Platinum Aquaflora Vinkeveen bv Frank Riechelman Vinkeveen NETHERLANDS 31-297-286709 Bronze Aquapic Solutions James Allison Cheltenham, Glos. UK 44-1242-244636 Bronze Aqua Productions SPRL Bruno Jurdant Limal BELGIUM 32-10-411256 Silver Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc James Layton Chalfont PA USA 215-822-8181 Silver Aquascape Designs, Inc Carolyn Zant & Greg Wittstock Batavia IL USA 630-326-1700 Platinum Aquatics & Exotics Donna & Thomas Kiehl Largo FL USA 727-397-5532 Silver Beaver Water Plants Jeff Wheeler Lingfield, Surrey UK 44-1342-833144 Platinum Bee Fork Water Gardens Craig Williamson Brentwood MO USA 314-962-1583 Silver Bergen Water Gardens & Nursery Larry & Sherry Nau Churchville NY USA 585-293-2860 Bronze Bittersweet Hill Nurseries Hildreth Morton Davidsonville MD USA 410-798-0231 Gold Briggs Nursery Jason Hills North Attleboro MA USA 508-699-7421 Bronze Burns Water Gardens Bob & Rowena Burns Baltimore, Ontario CANADA 905-372-2737 Bronze Charleston Aquatic Nurseries Brian Schuck & Stuart Schuck John's Island SC USA 843-559-3151 Gold Christa's Ponds & Gardens, Inc. Christa R. Suggs Washington MI USA 810-786-6951 Bronze Crystal Palace Perennials C. Greg Speichert St. John IN USA 219-374-9419 Bronze Dietter’s Water Gardens Rob Dietter Branford CT USA 203-214-9904 Bronze Fiber Tech/Createk Norm Cloutier Southbridge MA USA 508-764-7501 Silver Florida Aquatic Nurseries, Inc. Brad McLane & Bruce McLane Fort Lauderdale FL USA 954-472-5120 Platinum Fourth Generation Nursery & Sales Co. Rip & Ginger Sokol Mendon MA USA 508-634-1914 Platinum Freshwater Flora & Fauna David & Jeanne Curtright San Diego CA USA 619-263-5839 Bronze Goose Neck Water Gardens Bob Harsch Milldale CT USA 860-628-5888 Silver Green & Hagstrom, Inc. Jack Green & Cathy Green Fairview TN USA 615-799-0708 Platinum Green Vista Water Gardens Stephen C. Blessing Enon OH USA 937-864-7681 Silver Growing Place Nursery & Flower Farm Rich & Carol Messat Naperville IL USA 630-355-4000 Bronze Hazorea Water Lilies Danny Benjamin Kibbutz Hazorea ISRAEL 972-53590272 Silver Hill's Water Garden Center John Hill & Barbara Hill Perrysville OH USA 419-938-7208 Bronze Hoffman’s Garden Center Bill Hoffman Uniontown OH USA 330-896-9811 Silver LaRue Marketing Consultants Robert LaRue Pompano Beach FL USA 954-784-6816 Bronze Liberty Landcrafters & Pond Plants Peggy Carney Liberty TWP OH USA 513-755-6335 Bronze LilyBlooms Aquatic Gardens Bob Larson & Curt Larson North Canton OH USA 800-921-0005 Silver The Lily Pond Sylvia & Larry DeVisme Phoenix AZ USA 602-273-1805 Silver Lilypons Water Gardens Richard & Margaret Koogle Buckeystown MD USA 800-999-5459 Platinum Maryland Aquatic Nurseries Kelly, Arlene, Sue, Dick Jarrettsville MD USA 410-557-7615 Platinum Masterson's Garden Center, Inc. Michael Masterson E. Aurora NY USA 716-655-0133 Bronze Matterhorn Nursery, Inc. Matt Horn Spring Valley NY USA 845-354-5986 Silver McDonalds Aquatic Nurseries Randy & Jill McDonald Reseda CA USA 818-345-7525 Silver Moore Water Gardens Farley and Susan See Port Stanley, Ontario CANADA 519-782-4052 Nelson Water Gardens & Nursery, Inc. Rolf & Anita Nelson Katy TX USA 281-391-4769 Platinum New Zealand Water Lily Gardens Paul and Margaret Hilton Waihi, RD2 NEW ZEALAND 07-863-8267 Bronze Nymphaion.de Werner Wallner Konigsbrunn GERMANY 8231-919872 Bronze Oriental Aquarium (S) PTE Ltd. Eu It Hai Singapore R. O. SINGAPORE 65-793-7566 Silver Pacific Water Gardens Neal & Pamela Lucht Molalla OR USA 503-651-3302 Silver Palm Hammock Orchid Estate, Inc. Robert Yankowski Miami FL USA 305-274-9813 Bronze Paradise Water Gardens Paul W. Stetson, Sr. Whitman MA USA 800-955-0161 Gold Patio Garden Ponds Joe & Louise Villemarette Oklahoma City OK USA 405-634-7663 Silver Plantabbs Products W. Wayne Davis, Jr. Hunt Valley MD USA 410-771-1996 Gold Pond & Bog Flora John B. Florance Issaquah WA USA 425-391-3826 Bronze Pontasia J.B. & Linda Philips Austin TX USA 512-258-7817 Bronze The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4 Page 15
Ransom Gardens Sally Ransom Houston TX USA 832-754-8765 Bronze Reimer Waterscapes Henry & Carole Reimer Tillsonburg, Ontario CANADA 519-842-6049 Silver Roadhouse Nursery Jan & George Bahr Poulsbo WA USA 360-779-9589 Bronze Rock Valley Greenhouse & Garden Center, Inc. Rockford IL USA 815-398-1937 Bronze R. Roussell LWC Ronnie Roussell Iowa LA USA 337-582-6896 Bronze S. Scherer & Sons Water Gardens Robert Scherer & A.Variano Northport NY USA 516-261-7432 Gold Shady Lakes Water Lily Gardens Jan Phillips Alameda NM USA 505-898-2568 Silver Skaha Water Gardens Michael d'Estimauville British Columbia CANADA 250-497-5658 Bronze Springdale Water Gardens Inc. Keith & Tish Folsom Greenville VA USA 540-337-4507 Gold Stewarts Garden Centre Tom & Vicki Edwards Ontario CANADA 519-969-0420 Silver Strawn Water Gardens LLC Dean & Cindy McGee College Station TX USA 979-696-6644 Silver Sunrise Aquatics Brent Bivona Fairport NY USA 716-223-0730 Bronze T.H.F. Ornamentals Ruth Ann Schultze Poteet TX USA 830-742-4148 Bronze The Pond Place/Scenic Harbor Nursery Mary E. Paulsen Hoquiam WA USA 360-532-0602 Bronze Tilley's Nursery, Inc./The Waterworks Tom & Rick Tilley Coopersburg PA USA 610-282-4784 Silver Valley View Farms John (Punkey) Foard III & T.McQuaid Cockeysville MD USA 410-527-0700 Gold Wallis Creek Watergarden Nola & Michael Fenech Mulbring, NSW AUSTRALIA 02-49380230 Bronze Water and Garden Creations Frank & Carole Schwartz Raleigh NC USA 919-662-7677 Bronze Water Garden Gems, Inc. Burt & Sally Nichols Marion TX USA 210-659-5841 Gold Water Gardening Magazine Sue Speichert St. John IN USA 219-374-9419 Gold Waterford Gardens John A. Meeks Saddle River NJ USA 201-327-0721 Silver Water's Edge Deb Spencer & Susan Davis Lawrence KS USA 785-841-6777 Platinum Wiegand Nursery, Inc. Marvin & Wendy Wiegand Macomb MI USA 810-286-5292 Gold Windy Oaks Aquatics Marilyn Buscher Eagle WI USA 262-594-3033 Bronze Yileen Garden Co., Ltd Yuesheng Dong Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA 86-25-818-6672 Bronze
NEW MEMBERS: Crystal Gardens H2O Hollywood CA USA 323-876-5816 Silver ITML Horticultural Products Nancy Couture Brantford, Ontario CANADA 800-736-4865 Bronze The Water Garden Karen & Randall Tate Chattanooga TN USA 423-870-2838 Gold Wasatch Koi & Water Gardens Dennis Steed Salt Lake City UT USA 801-487-1363 Bronze
The categories shown relate to the commercial member’s contributions to the Society. Higher categories support the Society with increased membership dues which benefit us all. A portion of all commercial membership dues support the Research Awards program.
MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY The next edition of the Directory is due out in late November 2002. It will include all current members, grouped by membership category -- individual, commercial, and affiliate societies/gardens. Besides name, address and phone number, additional information will be included when available and as space permits. Please send, fax, or Email any updates of your listing to our main office by Friday, November 8, so that it can be included.
Sample entries: Jan Nymphaea Smith Global Botanical Gardens Greatest Water Garden Center 1234 Pond Avenue 654 Cheshire Road Kelly & Pat Thomas Victoria, British Columbia Nelumboba, Queensland 2312 5678 Aquatic Lane V8P 3R6 AUSTRALIA Eichhornia, CA 90012 CANADA 61-02-12345678 USA (941) 756 0880 www.globalbotg.org (123) 456-7890 [email protected] (123) 456-0987 fax Silver level MO, R, HG, AP [email protected] www.greatestwgc.com
News Flash - Opportunity to Name New Nymphaea The IWGS Fundraising Committee has announced the chance of a lifetime. A former Banksian winner is donating a new un-named waterlily hybrid. It will be named by the highest bidder in an auction this coming Spring. Details will be in the next issue and on the website by early December.
Page 16 The Water Garden Journal, Volume 17 No.4
T HE WATER GARDEN JOURNAL COMING UP IN THE NEXT Volume 17 Number 4 JOURNAL ISSUE
EDITOR JAMES ALLISON ASSISTANT EDITOR BETSY SAKATA Full Report from the 2002 Symposium: EDITORIAL BOARD PAULA BILES Design and Construction Tips BARRE HELLQUIST Invasive Plant Issues WALTER PAGELS Hardy Waterlily Species DISTRIBUTION PAULA BILES Nelumbo The Official Publication of the Design History INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND plus WATER GARDENING SOCIETY Registering Waterlily Names Report on the 2002 Banksian Award PRESIDENT BRAD McLANE VICE PRESIDENT WAYNE DAVIS and more TREASURER - outgoing HILDRETH MORTON TREASURER - incoming TISH FOLSOM SECRETARY - outgoing W.F.(TREY) STYLER SECRETARY - incoming ROBERT (BOB) BURNS EXEC. DIRECTOR PAULA BILES
BOARD OF DIRECTORS James Allison, Paula Biles‡, Robert Burns*, Rowena Burns, Susan Davis*, Wayne Davis, John (Punkey) Foard, Tish Folsom*, Cathy Green, Marion Haufe‡, Barre Hellquist, Tim Jennings, Brad McLane, Hildreth Morton, Jim Purcell, Betsy Sakata, William (Trey) Styler‡, Tom Tilley, Charles Covington (ex-officio)‡, Charles Thomas (ex-officio). (‡2001-2002/*2002-2003)
WEB ADDRESS: www.iwgs.org
ADMINISTRATIVE ADDRESS and SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society, 6828 26th St W, Bradenton, FL 34027, USA Voice & Fax 941-756-0880, Email [email protected]
EDITORIAL ADDRESS The Water Garden Journal, 4 Dagmar Road, Cheltenham, Glos. GL50 2UG , UK Voice (011 44) 1242-244608, Email [email protected]
Volume 17, Number 4. The IWGS Water Garden Journal (ISSN 1069-5982) is published quarterly by The International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society (The Society), 6828 26th St W, Bradenton, FL 34027, USA Voice & Fax 941-756-0880, Email [email protected] All rights reserved. © 2002. Bulk rate postage paid at Bradenton Nymphaea odorata ‘The Sweet-Scented Water Lily’ FL, USA and additional mailing offices. Basic subscription/ from The Botanical Magazine 21.1805. membership rate for one full year is $30. Further details and back issues are available from the administrative office in FL. All This print and our cover picture (Nymphaea capensis from The changes of address and incidents of non-arrival of journals should Botanical Magazine 16.1802. Originally labelled incorrectly as N. be notified to the office in FL. Opinions expressed by authors and caerulea) are both by the artist Sansum S. Edwards and appeared any products reviewed are not specifically endorsed by The in ‘Curtis’s Botanical Magazine’ edited by John Sims. This journal Society, nor does The Society accept any liability arising from the was founded by William Curtis in London in 1787 and the contents of this journal. thousand-plus prints from this classic are now available online thanks to the National Agricultural Library, ARS, USDA. Cover Picture: Nymphaea capensis (see note on right) http://www.nal.usda.gov/curtis/index.shtml