HOWARD KOTTLER – (1930 - 1989)

Born and educated in the Midwest, Howard Kottler found his career and artistic voice in the Pacific Northwest. Kottler received his bachelor‟s, master‟s and doctoral degrees from Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and also trained at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan and Central School of Arts and Crafts in Helsinki, Finland. He accepted a visiting appointment to the University of Washington in 1964, joined the faculty a year later, and remained there as full professor until his death in 1989. Trained in the traditional and conservative craft of functional ceramics, Kottler‟s work changed direction after the move to Seattle. Influenced by Pop Art and funk art, Kottler began making colorful, highly erotic sculptures and vessels, using a wide variety of approaches and materials, including found objects, slip-casting, ready-made ware, and decals, and exploring raku and Egyptian paste. Highly skilled in ceramic technique, in both his teaching and his own work he emphasized art as a means of expression rather than technical perfection, and boldly embodied kitsch and mass culture with his sculptures. Although his life was cut short by inoperable lung cancer, Kottler left as his legacy a large body of work and the students whose lives and careers he helped mold.

ARTIST’S STATEMENT – HOWARD KOTTLER

“The 1960‟s was an unbelievable period in American life. No one can imagine the full extent of the social forces of change at work during this time without living it. On my trips to San Francisco I experienced the full bloom of hippie life. The Vietnam War, with all its social unrest, had powerful ramifications throughout the USA in daily life and in academia. Furthermore, there was a dramatic surge in the Bay Area into funk art, which manifested itself in ceramics through the use of bright colors, erotic images, narrative and the use of mixed media…It was a direction that worked perfectly for me, and gave me the freedom to let my craziness run amok. I became my own man and expressed my sarcastic wit through images and titles in my art-work.”1

1. Quoted in: “Howard Kottler:Plates.” http://www.theclaystudio.org/exhibitions/kottler.php

RESUME – HOWARD KOTTLER

1930 Born, Cleveland, OH

1948-1952 B.A., Biological Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

1952-1953 Optometry School, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

1953-1956 M.A., Ceramics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

1956-1957 M.F.A., Cranbrook Academy of Art, Michigan

1957-1958 Central School of Arts and Crafts, Helsinki, Finland (Fulbright Scholarship) Arabia Ceramics Factory, Helsinki, Finland

1958-1964 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, PhD.

1964 Visiting Faculty, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

1965-1989 Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

1989 Died, Seattle, WA

BIOGRAPHY – HOWARD KOTTLER

Howard Kottler was born in Cleveland, OH, his father a coppersmith in the family business. Kottler recalled working with his father in the shop and taking classes on Saturdays at the Cleveland Museum of Art, but art was considered an interest rather than a career, the expectation being that he would pursue a profession. Following high school Kottler entered Ohio State University as a pre-med student, graduating with a B.A. in biology in 1952. Later Kottler would reflect, “I look back on those years with a real feeling of dissatisfaction. I wasn‟t good at science or math. I was very unhappy, but I continued to stay in the program.” 1 His social life was equally disappointing: “Through my senior year in 1952 I basically conformed to the social life of the (fraternity) house. By then I knew I was gay, but I continued to act in a closeted situation.”2 That summer, needing one more course, he enrolled in a ceramics class and really enjoyed it. In the fall, however, lacking the grades for medical school, he enrolled in optometry school at Ohio State, a poor choice, as he said, for someone who struggled with math and physics. He had continued to take ceramic courses and in his second year decided to drop out of optometry – a decision that made him immediately eligible for the draft, and he was called up for induction. A leaky heart valve from a childhood bout of rheumatic fever resulted in a flunked physical; the following day, Kottler enrolled in the B.F.A. program in ceramics at Ohio State.

The program at Ohio State during those years was regarded very highly, with a faculty that included Eugene Friley, Edgar Littlefield, Margaret Fetzer, Paul Bogatay and Carlton Atherton. Over the next few years Kottler was immersed in his art and acquired an excellent grounding in traditional ceramic art, performing so well that he not only fulfilled all the credits for the B.F.A., he went on to do a thesis and graduated in 1956 with an M.A. “Those were wonderful years for me,” Kottler said.3 In his M.A. thesis he describes himself as a “studio potter engaged in the production of new ceramic forms.”4 Kottler continued his studies at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan, receiving a scholarship to study with the Finnish artist Maija Grotell, followed by seven months in Helsinki, Finland, on a Fulbright grant spent studying at the Central School of Arts and Crafts and working at the Arabia Ceramics Factory. It was there he was first introduced to the application of ceramic decals, a technique that would appear later in his work.

When Kottler returned to the U.S., he enrolled in the doctoral program at Ohio State. His work at this time was both wheel-thrown and hand-built, primarily pots and still in the traditional mode. He was familiar with the work Peter Voulkos was doing on the west coast and the influences of the Abstract Expressionists, but was not totally comfortable with that approach. “I was probably lucky that I wasn‟t in California working with Pete,” he said. “I might have given up. I wouldn‟t have been able to find my personality within that framework.”5 Still, his work was evolving. In his Ph.D. dissertation he defined himself as an “artist-potter” rather than the “studio potter” of his M.A. thesis. He was beginning to move away from the emphasis on craftsmanship and tradition to a concern with using ceramic materials to express personal ideas.

A lack of teaching opportunities would lead to another major shift in Kottler‟s life, both personally and professionally. He received an offer from the University of Washington to teach ceramics as visiting faculty; reluctantly he left the Midwest for what he assumed would be a year or two, moving to a part of the country he had never seen. He was to remain for the rest of his life. He joined a faculty that included Robert Sperry and Harold Myers (who would leave shortly) and in a few years would include Patti Warashina and Fred Bauer. Separated from the life he had made in Ohio and feeling out-of-place in the outdoor culture of the Pacific Northwest (“I‟m not interested in nature per se – I even like to keep the drapes closed.”6) Kottler turned away from the conservative, restrained work he had produced before. He discovered Pop Art and funk art and in the fertile artistic scene of the Bay area found, as he said, “…the freedom to let my craziness run amok.”7 His work became overtly erotic, his message coded rather than blatant, his work used to express his ideas about contemporary politics and culture. His materials, also, expanded to include found objects, slip-casting and the first use of decals on plates, and he experimented with raku and Egyptian paste. In the mid-1960s he began titling his work, with puns and double-entendres often incorporated into the work itself, signaling again the importance content was beginning to have over form. Throughout the 1960s Kottler produced a large body of work and made significant personal artistic strides.

The 1970s were a more subdued period. Kottler‟s parents were in poor health and he began spending a great deal of time back in Ohio helping them. He was also spending a fair amount of time in the San Francisco social scene, so his pattern of work was irregular. His work at this time showed the influence of Art Deco, both in design and in the use of ceramic decals he began using to decorate and expand his work. Other explorations included the cup as a vehicle of expression and experiments with trompe l‟oeil. He embraced the idea that concepts were central to artistic expression and was comfortable with using ready-made materials and technical assistants in his work; his well-known plate series in which he used commercial decals and plates illustrates this concept. “At first I made my own plates on the potter‟s wheel…(but) I was not satisfied with the combination of handmade plate and commercial decal….Many contemporary craftsmen are overly concerned with the handmade qualities of craft. Machine perfection is just another aspect of ceramics and holds as much validity as the expressive character of thrown or hand-built work. Each of these opposite approaches to the use of clay reveals its own particularity. There is no one way to work with porcelain or any other clay body.”8

In his last body of work Kottler was involved with the ongoing clash between high and low culture, combining elements of mass and kitsch art into his sculptures. Large figures, many of them self-portraits, and dogs spoke of identity and relationships. Geometric figures, drawing on Cubism, also came into play, as both pure forms and figurative ones. He continued to make vessels but vessels that had “…multiple meanings and references that communicate ideas or erotic suggestions. I try to approach functionalism as a challenge, not a burden.”9

In addition to his own body of work, Kottler was also a gifted teacher. While he initially believed that his move to Seattle was temporary, by 1975 he accepted that he was there to stay and bought a house. He came to think of himself as an educator as well as an artist and strove to teach his students to favor problem-solving over technique. Garth Clark called Kottler “one of the most influential teachers in the ceramic sculpture movement,” 10 and among his students were David Furman, Jacqueline Rice, Anne Currier, and Michael Lucero. He became close with his colleagues Robert Sperry and Patti Warashina whose styles of teaching complemented his, and he gave numerous lectures and workshops throughout the US.

Kottler was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer in 1988 and died the following year at age 58. Writing in the forward to Patricia Failing‟s biography, Howard Kottler: Face to Face, Judith Schwartz said, “No one person knew the total Howard Kottler…However hidden Howard‟s life may have been, Howard‟s work was always „on the line.‟ He was an influential and powerful force in shaping and defining the direction and „look‟ of contemporary American ceramic sculpture, and we are all the richer for it.”11

Kottler‟s work is included in the collections of the American Craft Museum, New York; Cooper- Hewitt Museum, New York; Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY; Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England; and the Whitney Museum of American Art, among others.

1. Patricia Failing. Howard Kottler: Face to Face. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995, 11. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid, 12. 4. Ibid, 16. 5. Ibid, 23 6. Ibid, 28 7. Ibid, 4. 8. Ibid, 72. 9. Ibid, 91. 10. Ibid, 81. 11. Ibid, xii.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY – HOWARD KOTTLER

Books and Catalogs

Andreson, Laura, Shoji Hamada, and others. From the Fire, Three Exhibitions in Clay. Palo Alto, CA: Palo Alto Cultural Center, 1993.

Clay Revisions: Plate, Cup and Vase. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1987.

Coddington, Barbara R. Noritake Art Deco Porcelains: Collection of Howard Kottler. Pullman, WA: Museum of Art, Washington State University, 1982.

Failing, Patricia, and Howard Kottler. Howard Kottler: Face to Face. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995.

Fischer, Bernice, Nyna G. Grill, et al. Northwest Craftsmen’s Exhibition. Seattle, WA: Henry Gallery, University of Washington, 1965.

Halper, Vicki, and Howard Kottler. Look Alikes: the Decal Plates of Howard Kottler. Seattle, WA: Tacoma Art Museum, 2004.

Hopper, Robin. Making Marks. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2004.

Kangas, Matthew. Shattered Self: Northwest Figurative Ceramics. Pittsburgh, PA: Society for Art in Crafts, 1988.

Lauria, Jo. Color and Fire. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2000.

Levin, Elaine. The History of American Ceramics 1607 to the Present. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1988.

Mathieu, Paul. Sexpots. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003.

Material Matters. Alfred, NY: Division of Ceramic Art, School of Art & Design, New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, 2008.

Peterson, Susan. The Craft and Art of Clay. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1992.

Schwartz, Judith S. Confrontational Ceramics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.

Wandless, Paul Andrew. Image Transfer on Clay. Ashville, NC: Lark Books, 2006.

Periodicals

Crawford, Lynn. “Pontiac, Mich.: Howard Kottler at Shaw Guido.” Art in America 86 no. 10 (October 1998): 143-144.

Failing, Patricia. “Howard Kottler: Conceptualist and Purveyor of Psychosexual Allusions.” American Craft 47 (December/January 1987-1988): 22-29.

Gault, Rosette. “Comment.” Ceramics Monthly 38 (February 1990): 22+.

Goldberg, Beth. “Classics Brought up to Date.” Artweek 18 (November 21 1987): 5.

Harrington, L. “Letter from Seattle.” Craft Horizons 27 (March 1967): 48.

Jones, Catherine. “Letter from Portland.” Craft Horizons 27 (May 1967): 65.

Kangas, Matthew. “Clay Revisions.” Ceramics Monthly 36 (September 1988): 35-42.

______. “Howard Kottler.” American Ceramics 6 no. 2 (1987): 16-23.

______. “Obituary.” American Ceramics 7 no. 2 (1989): 6.

______. “Shattered Self: Northwest Figurative Ceramics.” American Craft 46 (August/September 1986): 20-27+.

Levin, E. “Continuing Clay Traditions.” Artweek 14 (April 2 1983): 5.

“Little Gallery, Museum of Contemporary Crafts.” Craft Horizons 27 (November 1967): 39.

“Obituary.” Ceramics Monthly 37 (March 1989): 55.

“Report from Seattle: Two Northwest Traditions.” Art in America 67 (September 1979): 53.

Sanders, Beverly. “In Your Face.” American Craft 69 no. 1 (February/March 2009): 26.

Schwartz, Judith S. “Obituary.” American Craft 49 (April/May 1989): 69.

“Transferred Images.” Design (London, England) no. 268 (April 1971): 90.

White, K. “Exhibition at Cleveland Institute of Art.” Craft Horizons 28 (May 1968): 54.

Whiting, David. “{Confrontational Ceramics.}” Crafts (London, England) no. 215 (November/December 2008): 66-67.

“Yaw Gallery, Birmingham, Mich.; Exhibit.” Craft Horizons 36 (October 1976): 54.

GALLERY REPRESENTATION – HOWARD KOTTLER

Mark Humpal Fine Art, 8235 SE 13th Avenue, Ste. 7, Portland, OR 97202

WEB SITES – HOWARD KOTTLER http://nmaa-ryder.si.edu/search/artist_bio.cfm?ID=5905 Biography of Howard Kottler on Smithsonian web site http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/collection/kotthowa.htm Guide to Howard Kottler papers at the Smithsonian http://asuartmuseum.asu.edu/2005/kottler/ “Look Alikes: The Decal Plates of Howard Kottler” at the ASU Art Museum http://www.seattlepi.com/archives/1987/8701030156.asp Regina Hackett. “Art Vulgarian Howard Kottler is Giving Bad Taste a Good Name.” Article from Seattle Post-Intelligencer, January 28 1987. http://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/online/renwick25/kottler.html “Waiting for Master” by Howard Kottler in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum http://www.tacomaartmuseum.org/page.aspx?cid=542 Article on “Look Alikes: the Decal Plates of Howard Kottler” at the Tacoma Art Museum http://www.theclaystudio.org/exhibitions/kottler.php Article on Kottler‟s plates http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/biography.aspx?searchtype=BIO&artist-55583 Brief biography, other information on Kottler http://www.washington.edu/research/showcase/1965c.html Article “Howard Kottler: Ceramic Artist” from the University of Washington. http://www.mintmuseum.org/chasanoff/artists/index.htm Mint Museum collection; brief article on Kottler

July 20009