Peace Building Tool for NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

A Peace Building Tool for NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy

Introduction

1. The peace-building tool (PBT) aims to support the conflict- and post-conflict-sensitive approach adopted by ADB’s country partnership strategy (CPS 2010-2012) in Nepal. As an analytical tool, PBT can help Project Team Leaders of ADB and social experts to identify the potential project risks associated with social conflicts, and to develop adequate mitigation measures. It will help to structure the project’s conflict-sensitive analysis for understanding the local context. Conflict analysis can help in project design.

2. PBT is a matrix of questions that helps focus the conflict assessment to be carried out in formulating projects in conflict- affected areas. The matrix should be updated and revised as appropriate during project implementation. PBT can be used to facilitate the following:

a) Conducting conflict assessment and in finding opportunities for the project under preparation to build peace and social cohesion b) Identify potential areas where social conflict may either exist or develop c) Identify opportunities for building peace and social cohesion during project implementation d) End the social tensions and the successful conclusion of the peace process, or simply the principle of “do no harm.” e) Guide the project review missions to verify if the identified mitigation measures are being followed and implemented.

3. As part of preliminary assessment, PBT was used for Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project. Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project is one of the projects that will be covered for the feasibility and detailed engineering study under NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (“Facility”). The current design of Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project covers four districts of the Central Development Region of Nepal namely Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Kavrepalanchowk and Dolakha. Under these four districts, a total of 41 village development committees (VDCs) will be affected since they are within the project’s direct impact area and the indirect impact area.1

4. Following of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006, conflict situation in Nepal has improved across the country. Thus far, there are no specific conflicts within the project area between and among any political parties, and external conflict groups and/or local groups. Given the scale of potential social impacts of a hydropower project, it is also important to assess the

1 Direct Impact Area covers the inundated area below the full supply level of 575 m above sea level (masl), power station and camp house (settlements at Mansulighat in Ramechhap District and Chyakutar in Sindhuli District), and access roads in Dhulikhel to Sindhuli (BP) Highway until Khurkot (Adheri Khola) and Pushpalal Highway from Khurkot until damsite. Indirect Impact Area is above 595 masl (full supply level of 575 m plus 20 m) , this is the area from the highest water level at the reservoir with indirect impacts on the abrupt rise and fall of water level in the reservoir.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) conflict risks associated with it. A potential cause of conflict would be land acquisition, involuntary resettlement, and impacts on agricultural land. These issues may not be high risks in Ramechhap but may be likely in Sindhuli. Other potential causes of conflict within the project area include political issues and local ethics. Displacement of a significant number of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) losing all their assets (i.e., financial, natural, social and physical) would be a major issue.

The following matrix is the results for Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project. PBT will be used also to Sun Koshi 3 Hydropower Project, Dudh Koshi Hydropower Project, and to other projects that will be covered under the Facility during its implementation.

Peace-Building Tool (Peace Filter): Matrix of Project-Based Conflict Risks and Opportunities

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project Post conflict What have been People lost their lives and Residents of project area Project should track and environment the main impacts of property. In Ramechhap and are interested to assess security situation and 10 years of Sindhuli district, 269 and 246 participate in project people's perception in the insurgency in the 2 persons were dead , construction and project area during project area? respectively during 10-year of operation stages which implementation. insurgency. Bethan (project- are expected to create

affected VDC), was the first an environment for place from where 10 years of sustainable peace. There should be good insurgency was emerged by Provision of electricity is understanding at central level blasting the Police Post leaving one of the key benefits to among different political two people and three Maoist the people in conflict- parties, especially with three cadres dead. Doramba, affected areas. major political parties (Maoist, Bethan, and Tilpung (project- Ramechhap and Sindhuli Nepali Congress, and UML). affected) VDCs are the top belong to hard hit IPs are dominant in project

three severely conflict-affected districts. area and understanding of VDCs in Ramechhap district. regional parties closely related Type of problems people faced to IPs is also important. A clear memorandum of

2 Information based on District Profile of Sindhuli and interaction with District Local Peace Committee (LPC) staff in Ramechhap.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project during conflict varies in nature understanding among four and extent. The causes of stakeholders (government, these problems were conflict executing agency, political among, and of certain people parties and affected or groups of people that are communities) can be drawn to targeted during the conflict ensure that concerns of period. The situation of post affected people are addressed. conflict environment in the project area appears normalizing and people are adjusting. As a result of the CPA, the current conflict situation has improved in the community/project area.

What are the Generally, government does Meaningful engagement It is important to note that current trends of not monitor the specific trend of of people from project development projects are conflict? Are new conflict in the project area, area in project planning usually influenced and abused conflicts emerging? thus, the real situation of and implementation will by the political parties and the whether it has improved with protect the project from party politics in volatile political quantifiable indicators is not being abused by local situations. One of the known. However, the United politics. In consultation, mitigating measures could be Nations Department of Safety people should be aware to consider and protect short- and Security (UNDSS) of the upcoming project term and long-term public monitors the security situation and ensure the interests. Short-term public in coordination with the Ministry involvement the affected interest could be engagement of Home Affairs, Government of community throughout of local people in construction- Nepal. Internal conflicts may the project cycle. related project activities based be influenced by the national Process oriented on their capacity, and support

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project context of emerging ethnic and approach of consultation in livelihoods activities inclusive issues with the should be ensured with through skills development and upcoming second election of proper representation of psycho-social support, etc. the CA. Political leaders/parties the community including Long-term public interest could may raise the issue of property women, IPs and socially be economic infrastructures rights; that local people have excluded people, political development in project the priority for using local parties, etc. affected areas, and natural resources, and this development of resettlement huge hydropower project will be Approach could be 1) sites, provision of rural more beneficial to other people dissemination of electrification in project area compared to the local people information about the ensuring that there will be no directly affected by project and its benefits to power cut (load shedding), displacement. local people; 2) different avenues for social dissemination of and economic development of information mentioning the project area, etc. that there will be consultation with Wider discussion and community peoples and consultation with key their representative; 3) stakeholders is important, and distribution of project fact project should start discussion sheet and other start sooner for preventing any information about the potential confusion and project in local language; misunderstanding. and, 4) schedule and scope of consultation.

What are the Lack of people’s participation in Community participation Project should identify, revive structural causes planning process, disregard of and consultation, and and empower existing local (root causes) of government authorities and involvement of local community structures through conflict in the area? commitment, lack of good NGOs, CBOs/ meaningful participation, use

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project governance, and lack of community groups help of local resources and friendly employment opportunities and to enhance a favorable practices especially in hiring absence of local mediation are environment for project people required for project and a few structural causes of implementation. procurement during project conflict in the area. implementation. Local community structures include Differences in opinion of women groups, user groups, political parties, commission- youth groups, cooperatives, seeking behavior, corruption CBOs, NGOs, IPs and looking for personal organizations, etc. benefits are a few governance- related causes of conflicts.

Does the project There is no risk associated with Capacity building, The project should assess the respond to the the project prioritization. supports in agriculture development priorities and development and livelihoods include in project design, priorities of local development, safe giving particular attention to communities? drinking water, irrigation mitigate the potential disputes including electricity and misunderstanding about facilities are the key the impacts of displacement. community needs that the project plans to implement. Capacity development support in agriculture could be technical and managerial knowledge and skills in improved farming including use of agricultural inputs, off

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project season vegetable farming, poultry farming, small-scale cattle raising, etc. For livelihood support, skills development training and business development services could be included, provision of revolving loan funds, etc. focusing on project construction work and interest of the youth, women and general community.

What does the Lack of initiatives in designing It is one of the most Project should assess the community regard and implementing hydropower desirable needs, which is existing needs and capacity of as its post-conflict projects remained during the expected to create jobs, the local people for their socio- rehabilitation and decade-long conflict and has enhance industrial economic development. This reconstruction been evidenced as an impact sector, and improve the should be included in project needs? of conflict in Nepal. Hence, the quality of life of the planning document. In the power sector remains in need people affected. This in same way, needs and capacity of reconstruction. turn will help build should be assessed during sustainable peace. project operation so that appropriate interventions can be designed in a changed scenario which could help for the overall development of the

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project community and project area as a whole.

Formal decision- Distribution of making and power/control implementation structures How Department of Electricity Larger stakeholders’ Project implementation unit representative, Division (DEOD) is a major participation and should keep abreast of roles transparent, and formal decision making and consultation will help and responsibilities of each accountable are the implementation structure in create ownership in the institution and maintain a current formal local/central consultation with DDCs, and projects under the sound coordination between decision-making VDCs. Facility and hence the formal institutions to structures? Give enhance understanding minimize the institutional examples. The institutional arrangements in dealing with potential conflicts, if any. and authorities are likely to be negative impacts of the impacted given the state project, and changes in restructuring process. With the institutional potential changes in the arrangements, if any. organizational structure, the roles and responsibilities might also be changed.

How will the project Potential changes in the federal There may not be any or There will be no effect in affect existing structure followed by political little effect to the project project implementation on formal political decisions under the new of the potential political existing political structures but structures and constitution may create some decisions given the state restructuring process decision-making processes? risks to the project given the uncertain date of the may potentially cause problem. nature of assigned duties to constituent assembly So, project needs to consider individual formal institutions. (CA) elections. this and make the necessary Potential risks could be the adjustments to the project

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project issue of benefit sharing i.e. who management structures, if will be entitled for project necessary. benefit. So conflict between/among different groups could create problem in smooth project implementation.

What formal peace District and VDCs level Local Provisions for The Grievance Redress structures (local Peace Committees (LPCs) consultations and Committees (GRC) should be peace committees and Community Mediation grievance redress as part empowered with skills and (LPC), community Centers (only in Sindhuli) are of the safeguards authorities to deal with any mediation) are currently functioning in selected VDCs of requirement for resolving issues that can be locally 3 operating? How will project area . any disputes associated addressed. In addition to the project interact with the project. Besides, conflict resolution, the scope of with them during the project has a GRC could be representation, implementation? resettlement framework and facilitation of different to address unforeseen consultation process. The issues related to project design should spell out involuntary resettlement. authority for the GRC to deal with local disputes related to the project.

Project should mobilize LPCs, community mediation process, community structures, NGOs, etc., through developing their

3 In Sindhuli district, project affected VDCs having LPCs and Community Mediation Centers are 1) Sitalpati, 2)Purano Jhangajholi, 3) Jhangajholir Ratmata, 4) Kusheshor Dumja and 5) Majuwa. In Ramechhap, project affected VDCs having LPC are 1) Sukajhor, 2) Ramechhap, 3) Bhatauli, 4) Manthali, 5) Gelu, 6) Tilpung, 7) Khimti, 8) Bhirpani, 9) Majuwa, 10) Khaniyapani and 11) Bethan.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project capacity in reconciliation and mediation skills. A budgetary provision should be made for building this capacity.

Local acceptance

How does the Nepotism, favoritism, non- Publication of hiring Project should follow due project ensure that transparent and non-inclusive notices, fairness in procedures and rules in hiring hiring practices are hiring practices are some of the selection, giving regards staff, and close monitoring and regarded as causes of conflict. to qualification and document the inclusive equitable? gender balance help to practices. ensure equitable practices.

While forming different committees, provision of at least 33% women representation should be ensured.

Priority for local hiring should be an integral part of the Contractor and Subcontractor's contract and monitoring by EA/PMU should be done to ensure that this provision is followed.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project How does the There seems to be no risks Risks, if any, will be The project should maintain project structure associated with the structure reduced by following the close coordination and ensure transparent given the project procedures in agreed rules and process communication with related decision making institutions for transparent making decisions and in taking and procedures in and actions? decision making. actions. Project procedures are making decisions and Mobilization of local 1) consultation, 2) information taking actions. community structures for disclosures, compensation and information disseminations, income restoration, 3) Transparent and ‘watch dog’ roles, etc. could be grievance redress mechanism, accountable process in good strategy to enhance 4) external monitoring of compensation, in close transparency and reduce potential disputes. experts or firms or NGO, 5) consultation and independent panel to review participation of local project performances, and structures, help ensure guidance social and transparent decision environment safeguards and making and actions. dam safety aspects.

Procedural delays usually Overcome procedural Project should plan What steps have cause grievances and bad delays and consultation innovativeness in been taken to reputation of the institutions with local level primary stakeholders’ involvement and ensure that engaged. stakeholders in project project implementation. stakeholders designing and operation Reliable, skillful and competent accept the Poor communication and lack phases. stakeholders can be involved implementation of meaningful involvement of in the following: 1) approach? local people might create assessment, planning and dissatisfaction and non- implementation of project acceptance or support of construction, 2) conflict project. management, 3) assisting public consultation or

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project facilitation, 4) information dissemination; and 5) social mobilization etc.

How does the Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. project ensure that selection of direct beneficiaries (i.e., individuals, user groups, areas, regions) is regarded as transparent, equitable, and inclusive? How does the There seems to be no risks The selection of DOED is Project should maintain project ensure that associated with the selection of appropriate in this case. . transparency and proper selection of the indirect beneficiaries. Compliance with rules communication strategy in indirect However, delay in project and procedures for selection of contractors. Must beneficiaries (i.e., government, implementation process and selection of petty use competent agencies in project vested interest of political contractors or sub- implementation process. implementation parties/ groups may create contractors in Disclosure of information unit, private sector, some problems. implementation will be through national and local NGOs) is regarded helpful in minimizing media to facilitate information as transparent and issues, if any. dissemination to increase the equitable? access to information of project affected communities and stakeholders.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project Based on the capacity, good track records, and credibility of some concessions for local contractors, NGOs, firms/company, etc. should be considered during hiring so that they will help in smooth project implementation.

Informal peace- Social capital building structures How will the project There are no risks associated Provision of involving Project should list down all the impact existing with collaboration with social local community existing social groups for collaboration groups at this phase. (project structures including IPs possible collaboration, during among social preparatory Facility). groups, LPCs, mediation consultation, design and groups? committees including implementation. other existing traditional groups, is a good approach for generating overall support.

Traditional institutions Are there There are some associations of Capacity development Given the sensitive nature of local/traditional traditional institutions and and involvement of such the use of local resources by structures, indigenous groups like groups helps in project local people, identification and authorities, or Community forestry user implementation and involvement of traditional institutions in place for decision making groups, Community groups acceptance and conflict institutions helps the project or conflict (CBOs)/NGOs, association of mitigation. execution. There should be management? How some cost allocation for

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project will the project Indigenous People, etc. assessment for identifying interact with these such groups. ? Social issues Participation/ interests Does the project The vested interest groups Involvement of the local Project should inform the local impact on vested have been active in fragile interest groups in the stakeholders about the project interests (i.e., situations, which is likely to project in the form of plan, process or any changes, traditional create tension in the local ‘watch dog’ or monitoring in order to receive cooperation authorities, political community. Land mafia, agents will protect the from local parties, business political and/or business groups project from vested peoples/stakeholders. interests, state might interfere in land interest groups. actors)? If so, compensation by demobilizing how? the community. As long as the local stakeholders are convinced of the project benefits, they are likely to protect the project from such vested interest groups.

Intergroup relations

What are the types Local people not being able to Involvement of local Ensure provision of involving of social tensions participate in DDCs/VDCs level community and groups in local community in project currently present in during decision making project related planning process. the project area? process, lack of development

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project infrastructures at VDCs level, employment opportunity. Project to make provision of slow pace of developmental employment opportunity for activities, and poor people are local people. not satisfied with what they have been getting from the government, i.e., elder allowance for elderly people, allowances for widow/single women, education allowances for engendered IPs, cash compensation for victims of conflict, etc., are a few tensions in the area.

What are the Though the existing social Project approach of Social assessment should existing social tensions are not known in the involving community include identification of such tensions in the area, some tensions may groups in the processes existing or potential tensions project areas? emerge based on ethnic, will help create favorable so that the tension creating religious or cultural issues-as environment for groups can be involved from influenced by the national implementation. the very beginning. Use of politics over community politics. Involvement of local key locally established stakeholders, LPCs, personalities for conflict community mediation mediation. groups, etc.

How might the Project is unlikely to impact Timely identification of Project should identify various project impact such tensions. such tensions will help groups and find ways to build these tensions? the project to prepare inter group relations by and manage the engaging them in joint

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project tensions. activities.

What are the Various identity groups might Project approach of In addition to existing farmers, various ways the have individual interest and including various interest mothers, or forest groups, the project might affect perception of the project, which and identity groups will project should identify other the relationship might create issues in project help build the inter ethnic, religious, cultural or between different identity groups? implementation. groups relations and special interest groups for smooth operations of the inclusion in the process. Social project. assessment team should identify such groups for which project should allocate funds for different activities like capacity development, economic advancement activities, organizational development, social development, etc., if necessary.

Socioeconomic How will the project issues affect differential access and competition over any of the following: Education? About 44 educational Projects under design will Project should include institutions (primary schools - have indirect positive interventions for assisting 20, lower secondary schools -3, impacts on education education sector: adding class secondary schools - 11, higher through increasing facility rooms, refurbishment, library secondary - 4, college - 6) of in secondary impact zone support, and equipment and

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project project affected Wards will be resulting to improved sports materials. inundated, and temporary access to education effect will be there including which could help to increased in walking distances diversify and increase to schools. livelihoods opportunities in long run.

Health? Increase in health risks through Rehabilitation of water Project should track the health inundation of water resources supply and toilet facilities impacts of project, and and toilet facilities of HHs living will have positive impact provision for support in public

in direct impact zones. During on health, and use of and environmental health project construction period, improved technology measures. water borne and transmitted could reduce air and disease, and communicable sound pollutions. disease might communicated in local population. Sound and air pollutions are other environmental hazards during construction period.

Employment? Ignoring employment priority for Project approach of Projects designed should set local people would be major engaging local labor up criteria and number of jobs root cause of conflict. The force will help minimize created for short and long

project will negatively affect the grievances associated term, and monitoring social, financial assets and with the project. framework. livelihood opportunity of the displaced population. Project should comply with due policy of not using child labor.

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project Natural resources? Agriculture and pasture land, Improved and integrated Project designed should keep forest area and water water resource, forest track records of the impacts resources will be inundated and land management and provision of flexible resulting to lack of livelihoods plan enhances arrangements for mitigating opportunities of affected people rehabilitation process of potential issues. living in project area. affected population.

Productive The project is likely to have Provision of skills or Project should design resources? major risks associated with the enterprise development livelihoods and institutional negative impact on productive opportunity, livelihoods development interventions. resources i.e. land, labor, advancement and social

income, enterprise, market mobilization and To address these mass places, road and bridges, etc. institutional development displacement and loss of that be permanently damaged would increase the multiple assets, a carefully due to inundation. The project peace opportunities. handled project design and will displace significant implementation is required in population and human consultation with affected settlements and vast communities and stakeholders agricultural lands. Forest including IPs and IPs resources will be affected. organizations.

Land/housing/ Due to mass displacement of Satisfactory values on Establishing of tourism facility about 14,000 persons, there property or will provide good value of land property? may be a potential for compensation plans or property, which project competition over land resulting helps mitigate potential design should analyze,

to increase in prices. Increase conflict. disseminate and monitor as in land or property prices and

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project rental will cause increased necessary. dissatisfaction resulting to conflict.

What is the There is always a potential for Project provision of Project should not deviate from potential for unintended groups capturing safeguards, due rules and procedures in order benefits/inputs to benefits of development diligence, procurement to prevent the project from projects, and which could procedures, transparent potential capture by the be captured by increase conflict on values of hiring practices and unintended groups. unintended groups property and compensation technical guidelines help (i.e., local elites, cost. mitigate such captures. business interests, political actors, “conflict economy”)?

Geographic How does the issues project affect linkages, divisions, and/or competition?

Within regions? No such direct linkages or The project plans to improve Project should watch the state division is seen within the the overall economic of the restructuring process and likely region. However, the state country including upstream implications on the water restructuring process might and downstream settlements management and benefit have an impact on benefit in various ways, which have sharing. New state structures sharing based on opportunity to link between may create debate on the geographical boundary. settlements, villages and geographic boundary and rural-urban areas and resource sharing country at large. Roads among/between state(s)

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project infrastructure and (black top) /center. Project needs to road connection with other consider and follow caution districts including the capital given the potential changes city will be improved. followed by federal structure as provisioned in the new constitution in making necessary adjustments to the project management structures.

With adjoining No such risks associated Regional linkages or No such specific regions? with the regional linkages. competitions issues are not recommendations are made relevant to the project. under this issue.

Between rural and The natural course of Sun The project links the rural No such specific urban/semi-urban Koshi river is through the and urban areas through recommendations are made areas? rural area and seems no generating various under this issue. divisions or competition interventions, emerging between rural and communications and urban areas. mobility, and open avenues for new opportunities.

With international There is no such risk Not applicable. No recommendation is made neighbors? associated with the under this issue. international neighbors in this project.

Security issue Does the project The project does not Though project does not It is recommended to provide support specific classify the conflict have specific support to any employment opportunity for conflict-affected survivors as a target group. conflict affected groups, the local people including groups or

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project geographic areas? However, all the residence benefit to the population survivors of conflict, Janajati, If yes, describe from the project area will be such as employment Dalit and other vulnerable which ones and equally benefitted. opportunity will develop groups based on their capacity how. helping to achieve in order to strengthen the post sustainable peace. conflict transition.

Is the security of The security of women and Keeping special Though gender and social women and children is a common consideration on issues inclusion framework has children an issue? concern for all project related to women and assessed the situation and How? (e.g., human planning and children helps strengthen have recommended actions, trafficking, abduction, food, implementation. However, it relation with the community, the women and children forced labor) does not show as risk hence, support in project security issues in general factors at the moment. implementation. should be given due attention.

Provision of drinking and irrigation water, electricity and other development facility will improve the situation of women and children.

Is the project area The overall security Experiences have shown Project should ensure stable and security situation seems appropriate that proper arrangement of arrangement of security posts appropriately at this stage. Unstable security umbrella helps and force in the project area by managed? How? security situation due to any manage fair procurement coordinating with district and political context can be a and bidding process, and central level initiatives. matter of risk in project security of physical designing (e.g. forthcoming infrastructure, if any. elections).

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project Is the security Because of the mass Engaging IPs in project Arrangement of high level environment displacement, resettlement construction works will policy provision, and political favorable for the for everyone may not be stabilize the conflict negotiations to manage internally displaced possible due to lack of land situation. relocation/ settlement of people (IDPs) if for resettlement. Cash displaced persons during detail and when returning home? How? payment could be an project designing/study option. Poor and vulnerable process. people who do not have capacity to manage the funds might misuse the funds, and their situation could worsen. Thus, handling of funds by vulnerable people could be the issues.

How does the There is no such risk The local environment will No specific measures project itself impact associated with access or continue to improve with the recommended under this local security environment. Environmental outcome of the project. issue. directly or indirectly and noise pollution near the (i.e., through improved access, dam site will be significant environment). only during construction. How does security Security issue does not Consideration for staff Security awareness or impact the project? seem to have any impact on training on how to deal with orientation to staff at minimum (e.g. staff safety, the project. threats, extortion or could be planned. Staff training abduction, abduction will increase the on how to work in fragile extortion, threat ) staff morale and confidence situation is recommended. A hence; building on such reasonable cost for such skills ensures smoother

Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036)

Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project implementation. Regular training should be allocated. sharing of UNDSS security information and advisory could strengthen Executing Agency and staff capacity to manage conflict.