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Peace Building Tool for NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy

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Peace Building Tool for NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) A Peace Building Tool for NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy Introduction 1. The peace-building tool (PBT) aims to support the conflict- and post-conflict-sensitive approach adopted by ADB’s country partnership strategy (CPS 2010-2012) in Nepal. As an analytical tool, PBT can help Project Team Leaders of ADB and social experts to identify the potential project risks associated with social conflicts, and to develop adequate mitigation measures. It will help to structure the project’s conflict-sensitive analysis for understanding the local context. Conflict analysis can help in project design. 2. PBT is a matrix of questions that helps focus the conflict assessment to be carried out in formulating projects in conflict- affected areas. The matrix should be updated and revised as appropriate during project implementation. PBT can be used to facilitate the following: a) Conducting conflict assessment and in finding opportunities for the project under preparation to build peace and social cohesion b) Identify potential areas where social conflict may either exist or develop c) Identify opportunities for building peace and social cohesion during project implementation d) End the social tensions and the successful conclusion of the peace process, or simply the principle of “do no harm.” e) Guide the project review missions to verify if the identified mitigation measures are being followed and implemented. 3. As part of preliminary assessment, PBT was used for Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project. Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project is one of the projects that will be covered for the feasibility and detailed engineering study under NEP: Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (“Facility”). The current design of Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project covers four districts of the Central Development Region of Nepal namely Sindhuli, Ramechhap, Kavrepalanchowk and Dolakha. Under these four districts, a total of 41 village development committees (VDCs) will be affected since they are within the project’s direct impact area and the indirect impact area.1 4. Following of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006, conflict situation in Nepal has improved across the country. Thus far, there are no specific conflicts within the project area between and among any political parties, and external conflict groups and/or local groups. Given the scale of potential social impacts of a hydropower project, it is also important to assess the 1 Direct Impact Area covers the inundated area below the full supply level of 575 m above sea level (masl), power station and camp house (settlements at Mansulighat in Ramechhap District and Chyakutar in Sindhuli District), and access roads in Dhulikhel to Sindhuli (BP) Highway until Khurkot (Adheri Khola) and Pushpalal Highway from Khurkot until damsite. Indirect Impact Area is above 595 masl (full supply level of 575 m plus 20 m) , this is the area from the highest water level at the reservoir with indirect impacts on the abrupt rise and fall of water level in the reservoir. 1 Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) conflict risks associated with it. A potential cause of conflict would be land acquisition, involuntary resettlement, and impacts on agricultural land. These issues may not be high risks in Ramechhap but may be likely in Sindhuli. Other potential causes of conflict within the project area include political issues and local ethics. Displacement of a significant number of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) losing all their assets (i.e., financial, natural, social and physical) would be a major issue. The following matrix is the results for Sun Koshi 2 Hydropower Project. PBT will be used also to Sun Koshi 3 Hydropower Project, Dudh Koshi Hydropower Project, and to other projects that will be covered under the Facility during its implementation. Peace-Building Tool (Peace Filter): Matrix of Project-Based Conflict Risks and Opportunities Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project Post conflict What have been People lost their lives and Residents of project area Project should track and environment the main impacts of property. In Ramechhap and are interested to assess security situation and 10 years of Sindhuli district, 269 and 246 participate in project people's perception in the insurgency in the 2 persons were dead , construction and project area during project area? respectively during 10-year of operation stages which implementation. insurgency. Bethan (project- are expected to create affected VDC), was the first an environment for place from where 10 years of sustainable peace. There should be good insurgency was emerged by Provision of electricity is understanding at central level blasting the Police Post leaving one of the key benefits to among different political two people and three Maoist the people in conflict- parties, especially with three cadres dead. Doramba, affected areas. major political parties (Maoist, Bethan, and Tilpung (project- Ramechhap and Sindhuli Nepali Congress, and UML). affected) VDCs are the top belong to hard hit IPs are dominant in project three severely conflict-affected districts. area and understanding of VDCs in Ramechhap district. regional parties closely related Type of problems people faced to IPs is also important. A clear memorandum of 2 Information based on District Profile of Sindhuli and interaction with District Local Peace Committee (LPC) staff in Ramechhap. 2 Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project during conflict varies in nature understanding among four and extent. The causes of stakeholders (government, these problems were conflict executing agency, political among, and of certain people parties and affected or groups of people that are communities) can be drawn to targeted during the conflict ensure that concerns of period. The situation of post affected people are addressed. conflict environment in the project area appears normalizing and people are adjusting. As a result of the CPA, the current conflict situation has improved in the community/project area. What are the Generally, government does Meaningful engagement It is important to note that current trends of not monitor the specific trend of of people from project development projects are conflict? Are new conflict in the project area, area in project planning usually influenced and abused conflicts emerging? thus, the real situation of and implementation will by the political parties and the whether it has improved with protect the project from party politics in volatile political quantifiable indicators is not being abused by local situations. One of the known. However, the United politics. In consultation, mitigating measures could be Nations Department of Safety people should be aware to consider and protect short- and Security (UNDSS) of the upcoming project term and long-term public monitors the security situation and ensure the interests. Short-term public in coordination with the Ministry involvement the affected interest could be engagement of Home Affairs, Government of community throughout of local people in construction- Nepal. Internal conflicts may the project cycle. related project activities based be influenced by the national Process oriented on their capacity, and support 3 Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) Issues Associated conflict risks Possible peace Recommended adjustments opportunities to project context of emerging ethnic and approach of consultation in livelihoods activities inclusive issues with the should be ensured with through skills development and upcoming second election of proper representation of psycho-social support, etc. the CA. Political leaders/parties the community including Long-term public interest could may raise the issue of property women, IPs and socially be economic infrastructures rights; that local people have excluded people, political development in project the priority for using local parties, etc. affected areas, and natural resources, and this development of resettlement huge hydropower project will be Approach could be 1) sites, provision of rural more beneficial to other people dissemination of electrification in project area compared to the local people information about the ensuring that there will be no directly affected by project and its benefits to power cut (load shedding), displacement. local people; 2) different avenues for social dissemination of and economic development of information mentioning the project area, etc. that there will be consultation with Wider discussion and community peoples and consultation with key their representative; 3) stakeholders is important, and distribution of project fact project should start discussion sheet and other start sooner for preventing any information about the potential confusion and project in local language; misunderstanding. and, 4) schedule and scope of consultation. What are the Lack of people’s participation in Community participation Project should identify, revive structural causes planning process, disregard of and consultation, and and empower existing local (root causes) of government authorities and involvement of local community structures through conflict in the area? commitment, lack of good NGOs, CBOs/ meaningful participation, use 4 Project Preparatory Facility for Energy (RRP NEP 47036) Issues Associated conflict risks
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