Volume XXIX No. 5 May, 1974 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE AssooAnm » XWISH REHKEES HI GOAT BRITAHI

Fgon Larsen tion in Gennany, once a force for social criticism, became a pillar of the established order and potentially a factor reinforcing the move to the extreme right". UPHEAVAL AND CONTINUITY And on the extreme right we find that curious German phenomenon, anti-intellec­ tualism. Heine, says Professor Hinton Thomas, An Assessment of German History was the prototype of the critical, "rootless" Jewish intellectual who has kept figuring large It is perhaps significant that one of the . Upheaval and Continuity (also published in in the demonology of nationalist reaction. jiiost important recent books on the past one Germany under the title Deutschland—Wandel Recent research, continues Hinton Thomas, has hundred years of German history was not und Bestand by Kurt Desch Verlag, Munich) served to underline the extent to which the Published in that country but in England is altogether a fine example of modem histori­ contribution of the Jewish intellectuals (Upheaval and Continuity: a Century of cal scholarship, and the contributors' often "has helped to steer social and political think­ German History, edited by E. J. Feuchtwanger. diverging views provide an enormous helping ing in Germany into messianic directions", Oswald Wolff, London, 1973. £3-50). We of food for thought. In his excellent intro­ for instance "in important sectors of socialist *U, writers and readers among the refugees duction, Feuchtwanger makes the point that thought". This theory may raise a few eye­ ^ke, have developed a feeling that our during that last century the Germans have brows among Gemian Socialists, but it does country of origin looks somewhat different experienced more frequent and profound up­ show how puzzling that traditional propaganda when seen from abroad, particularly from heavals of their national life than most other line of the Gemian reactionaries must appear Britain. It is not just the geographical major nations—though they never had a to an Englishman: that brains and intellect distance; it is our whole attitude to Germany "proper" revolution on the French, Russian are a suspect Jewish characteristic. He tries, |nat has become more detached, calmer, and or seventeenth-century English model. Drastic but fails, to find the key to that attitude less influenced by passing trends—probably and violent territorial and political changes, among the writings of the Gennan poets and ^ore objective, or so we like to think. For Bismarck's kleindeutsche Losung under philosophers. |his we have to thank the English way of Prussia's predominance, a truncated and We and of viewing things beyond the Channel poverty-stricken Republic after the first and with—as it were—a wide-angle lens. Further- a divided nation after the second World War, Separation from Westem Ideas "lore, the writers amongst us have leamt to and above all the traumatic totalitarian Third express themselves simpler, while German Reich, to say nothing of one runaway infla­ "Another strand in the separation of the Academics who never felt a whiff of the tion and the economic crisis with six million German world of ideas from the West goes Ajiglo-Saxon intellectual climate are still wont unemployed in the early 1930s—it has indeed back to the development of German idealism," *o put their thoughts into involved and intri- been quite a lot of upheavals for a people says Feuchtwanger. "Through Hegel there was ?3te language. The German public, it seems, which had never had a chance of developing transmitted a view of the state, of the js still unimpressed by simple words ("Was a national identity. Germany was the last individual and of freedom, three essential com­ fcann an dem schon dransein, wenn sogar ich big country to be unified, and one may argue ponents of man's social existence, which put wn verstehe?") that is a root cause of the occasionally the stress on the collectivity and perceived quite dangerous German national inferiority freedom for the individual as arising in its complex. highest form only through the identification English Approach with the community. This made it much easier Golo Mann lists a great number of what he to regard authoritarian policies, which em­ The book now before us is a good example regards as failures of various social groups phasised national unity, as particularly suited °f this, and even its contributions by German in Germany to develop a democratic tradition; to Germans, while parliaments and parties Authors have benefited from that English thus, the middle classes missed their chance could be seen as factors of disintegration and clarity, for the lectures which are here re- to do so in the Weimar Republic. Abendroth, degeneration." Printed were first given on English soil. Dr. the Marxist, analyses the beliefs and behaviour ^laus Schulz, Director of the German Institute of the Social-Democratic Party, "the most It is Alfred Grosser, the Frenchman, who •Ji London, had arranged a series of lectures authentic expression of the aspirations of the recognizes the signs of a completely differ­ ^^ "Germany 1871-1971" in association with German working class". It was officially a ent mentality in present-day Germany, though "le London School of Economics and Uni­ Marxist party from the Gotha Congress of "perhaps Germany no longer exists because versity College, London; distinguished Ger- 1875 until Hitler, and from 1945 again until there are two German states. . . . Both of *»an, English and French historians and 1959. But its moment of truth, its tragic them are already in many of their contents *riters accepted the invitation. Their texts failure, came in 1914 when it, "in a complete closely integrated with the relevant elements 2^ve now been edited and prefaced by Dr. volte-face and in defiance of its long cherished in other countries. From Bismarck to Brandt; *•• J. Feuchtwanger, Reader in History at beliefs, came out in support of the war". Rosa it is a change transcending the political-con­ Southampton University, a nephew of Lion Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht were among stitutional sphere." And he emphasizes the *"euchtwanger and a descendant of the famous the small group who opposed that surrender. significance of "the gesture of the Federal Munich bankers. The lecturers were Golo Chancellor Brandt in kneeling in front of **ann, the leading German historian (AJR Walter Jens, Hinton Thomas, Kurt Sont­ the Ghetto Memorial in Warsaw" as human ^.^FORMATION reported on his paper in its heimer and F. L. Carsten have taken the and statesmanlike. "What he expressed in a •ssue of December, 1971); Wolfgang Abend- development of Gemian ideas and the German particularly touching way was, however, based r^th, the doyen of German Marxist historians; mind as their subject of study. All seemed on the same principle as the Treaty with •Salter Jens, a well-known German classicist well in the classicist age of Schiller, Holderlin Israel of 1952: in contrast to the GDR the *nd writer; Professor R. Hinton Thomas, who and Humboldt, says Jens; but classical edu­ Federal Republic has from the beginning specialises in Gennan studies; Martin Broszat, cation became an ornament for the bour­ accepted the responsibility (not to be con­ *^- L. Carsten and Kurt Sontheimer, inter- geoisie, leading to the self-conscious aesthe­ fused with the rightly rejected idea of collec­ ^tionally known for their works on modern ticism and 61itism of the Stefan George tive guilt) for the crimes committed in the '^ennan developments; Theo Sommer, a pro­ circle—and from there, comments Feucht­ name of Germany." A new continuity has minent German joumalist and editor; Peter wanger, it was "but a short step to a general developed in the new Germany; we must ferv­ ^- Ludz, a West German authority on the contempt for the manifestations of modem ently hope that the next century of history GI>R; and Alfred Grosser, a French political mass civilization, democracy, parliaments, will spare the country the upheavals of the Scientist and contributor to Le Monde, Paris. parties and so on. Thus the classical tradi­ last. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974

THE BUDGET AND GERMAN OR AUSTRIAN PENSIONS NEWS FROM GERMANY The Chancellor announced in his Budget "THIRD REICH" MAGAZINE THE OLDEST BERLIN NEWSPAPER Speech that pensions from overseas "Vossische Zeitung" Exhibition received by United Kingdom residents will, The first issue of the illustrated fortnightly from the start of the 1974/75 tax year, magazine, the "Third Reich—Events from The liberal Vossische Zeitung, originally be taxed on the basis of the income arising, 1933 to 1945", published by the Hamburg "Koeniglich privilegierte und Berliniscbe firm of John Jahr, has appeared with a cir­ Zeitung von Staats-und gelehrten Sachen . irrespective of the amount remitted to the was the oldest newspaper of the city- United Kingdom. In future, therefore, all culation of 500,000. According to the pub­ lishers, the magazine has been produced to Founded in 1704, it became a victim of the such pensions will be liable to tax, subject give full and authentic information on all Nazi regime in 1934. From 1913 onwards » to the general allowances and reliefs, on the aspects of the Nazi Reich. It is planned to was published by the Ullstein Verlag. At pr^ amount arising. The Chancellor stated, appear in 52 parts. A number of noted West sent, the Institute for Newspaper Researcn however, that a deduction of 10 per cent German joumalists and historians are among of the City of Dortmund, directed by Pro­ will be made so that only 90 per cent of the contributors, but some have criticised the fessor Dr. Kurt Koszyk, holds an exhibition the income arising will be subject to publicity campaign of the publishers, which of originals and reproductions of publications United Kingdom tax. they said had been launched without their of the "Voss", which are of historic interest. It appears from the Finance Bill, which knowledge. was just published when this issue went As reported in our last issue, some tele­ HOSPITALITY TO EX-BERLINERS to press, that the tax assessment for 1974/ vision stations refused to accept adver­ tisements to launch the magazine. The ad­ To continue the scheme under which 75 (tax due January and July 1975) and vance publicity material showed the swastika former Berliners, who had to leave the city onwards will be based on the pension and other Nazi symbols and pictures of the under the Nazi regime, may be invited to an which arose, i.e. was payable, in the pre­ Nazi leaders. It was criticised by the or­ eight-day stay, the Berlin Senate has al­ ceding tax year (unless the pension first ganisations of victims of Nazism, Jewish located 700,000 DM for the year 1974. Accord­ arose during the tax year 1973/74 in which circles and the mass media. ing to a statement by the Senate, until no* case the assessment for 1974/75 will be A West Berlin court ruled that the public­ 14,000 former Berliners from all parts of the based on the pension arising in 1974/75, ity material was illegal since it glorified the world, especially from U.S.A. and Israel, have and so on). This means that the first Nazi regime. It ordered the confiscation of been guests of the city. assessment under these rules will be made the posters, flags and discs on which the for the year 1974/75, although generally Nazi symbols and pictures of Nazi leaders ap­ the sum assessed to tax will be that peared. ANNIVERSARY OF COLOGNE MUSEUM received in 1973/74. Double taxation relief Jewish Benefactors for any foreign tax suffered will be allowed "REICHSBANNER" FOUNDED The 150th anniversary of the foundation and there can be no question of "double of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne taxation". As the pensions will be taxed 50 YEARS AGO was commemorated by a special ceremony- on "arising" basis from 1974/75 onwards, During the decades before 1933, many Jewisl A press release of the German Press citizens of Cologne helped buUd up the it appears to follow that any pensions which Agency indicates that, as may be unknown to arose in past years and were not remitted collection by donations of exhibits and finan­ many readers, the "Reichsbanner Schwarz- cial contributions. Among the names whicD to the U.K. can be remitted to the U.K. Rot-Gold", which was founded in 1924 and come to mind are Dr. Leopold Seligmann, C- without any U.K. tax liability resulting dissolved by the Nazis in 1933, was re-estab­ h.c. Alfred L. Tietz and his mother, further­ from the remittances. Ushed after the war under its old name with more Albert Ottenheimer, Max Meirowsky. the addendum "Bund aktiver Demokraten". It Louis Lehmann, Otto Rothschild and PhilipP The Gennan pensions concerned are the has a membership of 10,000. The "Reichs­ Stern. When, in 1910, the firm of Bernstein pensions of former public servants and banner" was founded in Magdeburg on & Meyer erected a new building in the oW Jewish communal officials. (However, if it February 22, 1924, as "Demokratischer Kampf­ part of the city, a medieval mosaic was dis­ is held by the House of Lords in the pend­ bund" to defend the "freiheitlich-re- covered, which the firm donated to the ing case of Oppenheimer v. Cattermole that publikanische Rechtsstaat", i.e. the Weimar Museum. Republic. To mark the 50th anniversary of the Jewish refugees deprived of German the foundation, the periodical of the post-war E.G.t- nationality by the Nazi decree of 1941 have "Reichsbanner" published a special issue retained, under English law, German which carries tributes by Chancellor Brandt nationality, even on subsequent acquisition and Foreign Minister Scheel. The chairman HON. DOCTORATE FOR ALBRECHT GOES of British nationality, they will not be of the "Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund", Heinz The theologian and author, Albrecht Goes, liable to U.K. tax on these pensions.) The 0. Vetter, writes that the jubilee should was awarded the honorary doctorate of the new rule does similarly apply to German serve as an exhortation to the present gener­ University of Mainz. Albrecht Goes' novel. or Austrian social insurance pensions. ation to be watchful and resolved in "the "Das Brandopfer" (1954), a moving stoij defence of freedom and democracy in our based on the persecution of the Jews in Ger­ "Renten" paid as compensation (Berufs­ country". many, and his constant work for Christian- schaden, Gesundheitsschaden, Lebensscha­ Jewish understanding, were recognised by den) under the Compensation Law of the the award to him in 1962 of the Heinricn German Federal Republic (BEG) were Stahl Prize of the Berlin Jewish community' entirely exempt from U.K. tax under the MUNICH MURDER SUSPECTS When, two years ago, the Buber-RosenzweiS Finance Act 1961, with retrospective eifect In Munich two Germans were gaoled for 26 Medal was presented to Rabbi Dr G. Sal^- from the commencement of the payment and eight months respectively for illegally berger, Albrecht Goes spoke the laudatio ^i of these Renten. Nothing has been changed possessing arms. The court was told that the the ceremony in London. in this position. two men were arrested in October, 1972, by We shall make a further announcement police who were looking for members of a Right-wing extremist group. A large quantity THE LATE ARTHUR ELOESSER if, on further examination or on amend­ of small arms and hand grenades were found Information Required ment by Parliament of the Finance Bill, in possession of one of the men, of a similar this appears to be necessary. Generally, type to those used by the Black September In connection with his habilitation thesis. any reader concerned should consult his or Arab terrorists who had murdered the eleven Dr. Wolfgang Kuttenkeuler (Bonn) rf' her professional adviser on any questions Israeli Olympic Games sportsmen in Munich peatedly came across the writings of tne arising. F.E.F. in September, 1972. Berlin Germanist and theatre critic Artn^ Eloesser, who died in Berlin in 1938. Dr. Kui- tenkeuler thinks it would be highly desiraWe if one of Eloesser's books, "Das Buergerlicne Drama" could be republished. Independeni of the legal position of copyright. Dr. Kutten­ keuler is, for reasons of principle, anxious t? do everything possible to trace the heirs o* Greyhound Guaranty Limited Arthur Eloesser. So far, his attempts have Bankers failed. Any reader, who is able to give iK' formation, should get in touch with: Dr. phii' Wolfgang Kuttenkeuler, Rheinstrasse 85, "•' 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, Bonn-Beuel 1. West Germany. LONDON, WIX 3 LB

Telephone: 01'629 1208 With acknowledgement to the news Telex: 24637 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l service of the Jewish Chronicle. Page 3 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974 HOME NEWS ANGLOJUDAICA Women's Halachic Rights CALLAGHAN'S REASSURANCE OFFICE FOR CONSERVATIVE MP In May, 1973, Miss Beatrice Barwell, a champion of Jewish women's rights within In the course of a meeting with the Israeli As reported in our last issue, the largest the halacha, moved a motion overwhelmingly Ambassador, the Foreign Secretary, Mr. number of Jews ever—46—were elected to adopted at the annual meeting of Wembley James Callaghan, reassured Mr Gideon the present Parliament. Of these, nine have Synagogue and later at Hammersmith and Rafael that there has been no change in obtained senior or junior positions in the Hampstead Synagogues. The United Syna­ the Labour Party's consistent attitude on the Wilson administration. In the reorganisation gogue Council was called upon to request the issue of territorial withdrawal within the carried out by the Conservative Party, Sir Chief Rabbi to investigate the halachic possi­ terms of Resolution 242 unanimously adopted Arnold Silverstone has been appointed joint bility of women members being elected by by the Security Council after the Six-Day treasurer of the Party. other women members to the board of War. The Foreign Secretary indicated that in Sir Arnold, who is 62, is a brother of Sir management, in numbers relative to the pro­ the interpretation of his Government, any Is­ Joseph Stone, the Prime Minister's personal portion of female to male synagogue mem­ raeli withdrawal from territories occupied in physician, and is also connected with Lord bership. There is apparently no restrictive 1967 should be to "secure and recognised Bemstein, the Socialist Peer, and Mr. Stanley bar on women members being elected to boundaries". Clinton Davis, MP, now a Junior Minister. serve on synagogue boards of management Born in Wales, Sir Arnold has spent many and, presumably, the United Synagogue Coun­ MPs REFUSED RUSSIAN VISAS years in Birmingham, where his family is active in communal affairs. cil, with full voting rights. Following a Two Labour and two Conservative MPs, all further meeting with Chief Rabbi Jakobovits, NEW VICE-CHAIRMAN OF AJR Miss Barwell states that all matters of prin­ principal hon. officers of the All-party Par­ ciple have been satisfactorily resolved. liamentary Committee for the Release of Mr. C. T. Marx, member of the AJR Ex­ Soviet Jewry, were refused entry visas to ecutive since 1964, has been elected vice- Russia. Messrs. Peter Archer, QC, Patrick chairman in succession to Mr. Werner M. Cormack, Greville Janner, QC, and Mr. Hugh Limited Franchise Dykes, had intended contacting Soviet Jewish Behr, who was elected chairman after the re­ families wishing to emigrate to Israel. signation of Mr. A. S. Dresel. Mr. Marx is Women, who number 25 per cent of the ^ The ban coincided with reports from also chairman of the House Committee of total membership, have achieved some Russia of new obstacles bjr the Soviet Otto Schiff House and treasurer of Self Aid breakthrough with the Bournemouth Hebrew authorities to Jewish emigration to Israel, of Refugees. Congregation. Mr. Herbert Newman met with said Mr. Dykes, hon. secretary of the com- EEC AND SHECHITA partial success in his campaign for the right liittee. Mr. Janner stated that telephone con­ of women to attend congregation meetings. versations with Jews in the Soviet Union had Under proposed Common Market legis­ However, women will not be permitted to confirmed reports that two new measures lation designed to prevent cruelty to animals, nominate candidates for the synagogue's ex­ Were in operation. One was the non-delivery it is required that livestock be stunned ecutive and board of management or vote in to Jewish intending emigrants of invitations before slaughter. Anglo-Jewish religious the elections. Also, in order to become from Israel, which formed the basis for any leaders have received assurances that members instead of only seatholders, they application for aliya. Secondly was the in­ shechita wiU be safeguarded, since ex­ wUl have to make individual applications and sistence of "character references" from every emptions from the general mles would be will have to wait until the annual meeting in applicant, obtainable from their place of em­ granted to take account of religious customs. 1975 to have their membership ratified. ployment. Both these measures were very However, the draft proposals on stunning are serious, said Mr. Janner, because they tried felt in some Anglo-Jewish quarters to be to obstmct Jewish emigration even before an another attempt oy anti-shechita organisa­ "Zion: Sanctuary or Asylum" application could be made. tions to secure their aims. The Council of European Rabbis has sent delegations to app­ ropriate Ministers to ensure that they are Climaxing the aliya campaign in Britain JEWS IN U.S.S.R. fully acquainted with the requirements of conducted jointly by the Zionist Federation Jewish law. and the Jewish Agency, Chief Rabbi Debate in House of Lords Jakobovits delivered an address, "Zion: sanc­ WITCHCRAFT BOOK tuary or asylum". He called for "far-reaching . During a debate in the House of Lords on adjustments in the patterns of Jewish life" •junian rights in Communist countries, Lord For the past 40 years Routledge and Kegan both in Israel and in the diaspora to ensure jjanner strongly protested at the treatment Paul Ltd. have been publishing "The History the aliya of Jews living in tree and pros­ ^eted out to Russian Jews, requesting that of Witchcraft and Demonology" by Montague perous countries such as Britain. Only if Britain take whatever action was possible to Summers. The Board of Deputies have now Israel became a sanctuary in the Jewish aHeviate the situation. He also wanted in­ called on the publishers to correct in any spiritual sense would she be able to attract tervention with Syria about the plight of new edition what the board describes as "er­ voluntary emigrants in as significant Jews in that country. Lord Janner instanced roneous references to Jewish traditions and numbers as she had attracted Jewish re­ {he violation of human rigbts perpetrated by history". In their letter they point out that fugees in need of asylum. 'ne Syrians and pointed out that the situation the book contains pages enumerating many 01 Soviet Jewry continued to be grave and cases of alleged ritual murder of Christian aiarming. children by Jews. New College Synagogue w, Lord Goronwy-Roberts, Under-Secretary for The publishers, in a letter from their chair­ foreign Affairs, promised that "when man, stated they were shocked to get the A new synagogue has been consecrated at suitable occasions" arose the Government letter and were surprised that no such com­ Polack's House, Clifton College, Bristol. Rev. Would take up with the Soviet Union the plaint had been made earlier. Mr. Summers Malcolm Weisman, who conducted the serv­ Ireatment of Jews in Russia. The attention of was dead and it was impossible to refer to ice, said he felt that the boys at Clifton Col­ *>Ussia and its satellites had been drawn on him to check the accuracy of his remarks. lege, both Jewish and non-Jewish, had the «iany occasions to the strength of feeling in They would endeavour to put the matter unique advantage and facilities to know, un­ ^ritain about the limitation of the rights of right before going back to press. derstand and respect each other's faith and ?issidents, including those of the Jewish beliefs, which would stand them in good stead in the future. Your House for:— The service was also attended by parents EGYPTIAN ENVOY of pupils who had come from all parts of the , Protests have grown over the acceptance CURTAINS, CARPETS, country, and by rejjresentatives of the Bristol £y the (Jovernment of General Said Shazli as Hebrew Congregation and the Progressive ^gJTJtian Ambassador to Britain. The ap­ FLOORCOVERINGS Synagogue. pointment was confirmed in Parliament by "tr. David Ennals, Minister of State for For­ SPECIALITY eign Affairs. Mr. Michael Fidler, MP, pro- Gorbals Synagogue Closed t ll '•^^^ ^^'^^ ^^ appointment was unaccep­ CONTINENTAL DOWN table and an offence not only to the Jewish The Great Central, Glasgow's last nraa- community but to all freedom lovers in this QUILTS gogue, is to close down. Attendances at daily country. Ten years ago General Shazli was and Sabbath services have been falling away ^iosely associated with fascist organisations ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS and it has become difficult to achieve the "Sre which were endeavouring to raise necessary quomm for prayers. There was also ?°?ey from Egypt to engage in antisemitic ESTIMATES FREE the difficulty of securing continued insurance activities in Britain. cover due to the deterioration of the build­ Mr. Harold Wilson, the Prime Minister, DAWSON-LANE LIMITED ing. ras told by Mr. Geoffrey Finsberg that a With the influx of the great immigration ^^Se number of people in this country, both (Established 1946) from Russia and the establishment of the Jewish and non-Jewish, deeply resented the 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Gorbals as the centre ot Jewish life the syna­ government's decision to approve the ap­ Telephone : 904 6671 gogue, established in 1884, became the prin­ pointment of the new Egyptian Ambassador Personal attention ol Mr. W. Sliaekman. cipal one in the Gorbals. It will now cease to "1 View of his known past fascist connections. function in its present building. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974 NEWS FROM ABROAD JEWRY IN THE EAST PASSOVER ARRANGEMENTS UNITED STATES STATEMENT BY CHILEAN JEWISH One of Israel's two Chief Rabbis, Rabbi LEADER Double Standard Education? Shlomo Goren, and Rabbi Yaacov Fishman, The president of the Representative Coun­ the Chief Rabbi of Moscow, spoke to each The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a cil of Chilean Jewry, Dr. Gil Sinay, stated in other over the telephone on the eve of Pass­ case involving Mr. Marco de Funis, Jnr., a Buenos Aires that it was nonsense to suggest over. Rabbi Fishman said that a yeshiva had Jew, who was barred from entering the Uni­ Chilean Jewish leaders were forced to de­ recently begun a course in Moscow attended versity of Washington's law school although clare that the Chilean military junta was not by about a dozen young students and 18 his grades and aptitude tests were better antisemitic. He emphasised that Zionist ac­ adults. He reported that the Moscow com­ than all except one of the 36 Negroes, Philip­ tivities were functioning normally, emigration munity had baked some 95 tons of matzot for pine-Americans and applicants with Spanish to Israel was not restricted, and there were Passover. About five tons of matzo flour had surnames who were admitted. Several white high-ranking Jews in the military forces, to been received from the Soviet authorities and applicants whose grades were also below show that the present military junta in Chile the rest had been contributed by individual those of Mr. de Funis were admitted as well. was free from antisemitism. Naming several members of the community. The case which had found Jewish defence prominent Jews, he said all were active in According to Mr. Paul Quadrat, a London and other agencies pitted against each other, is Jewish communal affairs in contrast to the businessman who visited the synagogue fundamentally whether there are to be two Jewish members of the Allende Govemment, bakery shortly before Passover, an in­ standards of admission to universities—a who had maintained no links with Jewish sufficient amount of locally baked matzot was high one for white students, a lower one for life. produced to meet the needs of the Leningrad Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other such Dr. Sinay said that of the 35,000 Jews in Jewish community over the festivities. He minorities. Young Jews seeking to enter uni­ Chile when Dr. Allende was elected Presi­ was told that each member of the community versity would be hard hit by this double stan­ dent in 1970, between 7,000 and 8,000 had who wanted matzot had been allocated only 1 dard, because a greater percentage of Jews left. Some 2,000 had now retumed and more lb. to last the entire festival. enter institutions of higher education than are expected because the Govemment is re­ any other section of the population. tuming expropriated properties to their ALIYA DECLINE Those supporting Mr. de Funis include the fonner owners. Most of the emigrants now Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, the leaving for Israel are Left-wing supporters of Speaking at a press conference called by American Jewish Congress, the American the former Allende regime. the Board of Deputies Mr. Michael Fidler, Jewish Committee and the Jewish Rights MP., chairman of the foreign affairs conij League. Those of the university include the ITALY mittee, described as "alarmingly significant' National Council of Jewish Women and the Pius Defended the recent reduction in the number of Soviet social actions committee of the Union of Jews being aUowed to emigrate to Israel- American Hebrew Congregations, together Robert Katz's book "Death in Rome" and During the first quarter of the current year, with a number of national labour unions, the film "Reprisal", in which the actor he said, less than half the number who left defence organisations and national Negro Richard Burton appears, both imply that in the last three months of 1973 had been groups. The Council of Jewish Women and Pope Pius XII knew in advance of the Nazi allowed to go. Last year 3,000 Soviet Jews on the U.A.H.C. claim that the issue does not re­ Ardeantine Caves massacre in March, 1944. average emigrated to Israel monthly, but present a case of discrimination on the part In his weekly address to a Rome crowd in since January the monthly average had been of the university, nor a quota case against St. Peter's Square, Pope Paul VI replying to only 1,800. This was despite the fact that the the Jews. these controversial issues lauded his wartime Soviet authorities were still holding 130,000 predecessor. Pope Pius, he said, had totally emigration applications for Israel. rejected any attitude of conscious omission of At a meeting of the Jewish Agency ex­ Rassian Immigrants any possible intervention on his part ecutive in London, great concem about a de­ whenever life and justice were at stake. cline in the emigration of Soviet Jews to About 4,000 immigrants from the Soviet The niece of Pope Pius has brought an Israel was also voiced. Mr. Arye Dultzin, the Union, most of them Jews, are expected to action alleging that the book and the film acting chairman of the executive, said after arrive in the United States this year. This com- libel the memory of her uncle. the meeting that the number of Soviet inj- ares with 450 in 1972 and 1,450 last year. To migrants had dropped in February by 1,000 gelp inimigrant scholars and writers to inte­ Divorce Law in comparison with the same month last year. grate themselves into American society, the Italy's divorce law, passed in 1971 by a He could not offer any explanation but Ford Foundation has allocated $250,000 (about pointed out that emigration from the Soviet £115,000). The American Council for Emigres small margin, legalises divorce only in cases of extraordinary hardship. It was condemned Union had been unpredictable. However, the in the Professions will administer the funds. Jewish Agency was still budgeting for the ar­ Miss Mary Mackler, who will head the aid by the Pope as soon as it was put on the statute book. Militant Roman Catholics col­ rival of 40,000 immigrants from the Soviet programme, explains the reason for the in­ Union this year. creasing number of Jews going to the United lected more than 1,300,000 signatures for a States from the Soviet Union. Jews at the be­ petition to hold a national referendum, now On his recent visit to Moscow Dr. Henry ginning of the exodus strongly identified due to be held on May 12. All the Left-wing Kissinger, the American Secretary of State, themselves as Jews and went to Israel. Now political parties support the divorce law, as carried a memorandum from United States more of them regard their exit visas for do the Right-of-centre liberal parties. The Jewry listing grievances over the plight oi Israel only as a way of getting out of the Christian Democrats and the neo-fascists Soviet Jews, for the attention of the Soviet Soviet Union. oppose it. Italy's 35,000 Jews, as well as leaders. The memorandum mentioned a 25 200,000 Italian Protestants, have also become per cent decrease in the number of Soviet involved in the issue. Jews allowed to emigrate so far this yeaJ". Rabbi Stephen Wise Commemorated Professor Elio Toaff, the Chief Rabbi of and protested that Jews usually were only Rome, has stated that for the Jews divorce permitted to leave from areas such as To commemorate the centenary of the has existed since Biblical times. For Judaism, Georgia and the Baltic States. birth of Rabbi Stephen Wise, a meeting was marriage is not a sacrament, and it was not a held in the Hebrew Union College (New sacrament for early Christianity. If the PAVEL LITVINOV TO SETTLE IN U.S-A- York). After introductory words by Professor divorce law were abrogated, a grave injustice Dr. Fritz Bamberger, Rabbi Dr. Joachim would be committed against those religious Mr. Pavel Litvinov, the 33-year-old dissident Prinz spoke about his meetings and dis­ minorities who allow divorce. It was the right Soviet chemist and grandson of the late cussions with Stephen Wise to whom he and and duty of the religious minorities in Italy Maxim Litvinov, a fonner Soviet Foreign his family owed their rescue as persecutees to join forces in defence of their moral and Minister, was interviewed in Rome before M from Nazi Germany. religious principles and their civil rights. and his family went to settle in the Uniteo States. Stating that Jewish emigration had » TUNISIAN ARRESTS "great influence on the rest of the popu­ ARGENTINA lation" of the U.S.S.R., Mr. Litvinov said thaj It is reported from Paris that 17 leading it was causing a "chain reaction among other TV Antisenutism Tunisian Jews were recently arrested and ac­ minorities, such as the Volga Germans, an^ The Argentinian official Channel 7 tele­ cused of illegally smuggling money abroad among the Russians themselves who are se_el^ vision service on two occasions broadcast fea­ through the South Korean Embassy in Tunis. ing permission to emigrate in growine tures on the Middle East containing rabidly numbers". The possibility of emigration ha" anti-Jewish propaganda. In the broadcasts Mr. caused a new situation to come into being. . . Miguel Cosma, the President of the Arab- ISLE OF MAN Mr Litvinov was dismissed from his jo^ Latin American Institute and an editor of The and sentenced to five years' exile in SibefJ* Arab World, and other joumalists, attacked INTERNMENT 1914/18 & 1939/45 together with other dissidents in August' Israel and Jews in terms similar to those 1 buy envelopes and folded letter 1968, for demonstrating in Moscow againsi used by Arab terrorists. forms from these and other camps. the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. He *J^ Daia, the representative organisation of Ar­ Please send to: PETER C. RICKENBACK, given an exit permit for Israel but went to gentine Jews, has protested to the Argentine 14 Rosslyn Hill, London, N.WJ. the United States instead to take up a unive*^ authorities about the broadcasts. sity post there. AJR INFORMATION May, 1974 Page 5

J. MaitUs thusiastic audiences. Impressed by his charm, good manners and wit, and above all by his musical accomplishments, he became very early the favourite of society people, being MEMOIRS OF A CREAT PIANIST patronised by the wealthy who at that time to a large extent controlled the musical world. He succeeded in establishing excellent Arlur Rubinstein's Reminiscences relations and even genuine friendship with Polish, Russian, English and French aristo­ The volume under review of Artur soloists such as Eugen D'Albert, Fermccio crats, stayed in their palaces, lived in most Rubinstein's reminiscences forms, as the title Busoni, and a host of outstanding violinists luxurious hotels, and soon developed a taste of the book "My Young Years"* suggests, the and pianists of repute. for good living, enjoying culinary feasts and first part of a remarkable autobiography of Alongside his musical training, young expensive clothing. It was a ravishing, glitter­ the great pianist. His extensive narrative Rubinstein kept up with his general educa­ ing world of pleasure and sensuous gaiety, of starts with his childhood, followed by a full tion which was entrusted to Theodor Alt­ affairs and adventures, a carefree, easy going account of his musical education in Berlin, mann, a teacher whom he greatly admired. life. Extreme extravagance and a squandering and assisted by some good fortune it leads up At that time, he reports, he joined a circle of of money and great generosity towards to a spectacular career of the young prodigy. young school boys (Lesekranzchen), a sort of friends landed him quite often in complete It thus covers the first three decades in the a reading circle that met every Saturday even­ penury. life of the artist until the outbreak of the ing to read classical drama, dividing up the Popular Rubinstein knew everybody of First World War with all the socio-political roles. Among the young participants of the note, in society, in the world of art and changes which brought about the end of the reading group, Rubinstein mentions in par­ music. He met celebrities such as Joachim in glittering belle epoque in Europe's social and ticular Richard Fuchs, later a high civil serv­ Berlin, Saint-Saens and Colette in Paris, cultural life. ant and a leading personality inside German Pablo Casals, Kussevitsky, the Polish virtuoso Bom in 1887 in Lodz, the Polish Jewry. Rubinstein calls him "a remarkably pianist Paderewski (later president of re­ Manchester, into a middle-class Jewish, intelligent fellow", who "at fourteen spoke nascent Poland), Stravinsky, Picasso and the partly-assimilated family, his Jewish upbring­ like an old professor, deadly serious, always adored Russian bass Chaliapin, to mention ing was rather perfunctory. He had the mini­ to the point". only a few of the great names of the Euro­ mum of Jewish education and traditional life. In those days, Rubinstein notes, his social pean scene. A.S he reflects in his memoirs, his father took life expanded rapidly. He was beginning to Rubinstein's early life-story, written in a him once or twice to synagogue and then be known in musical circles as "the talented debonair, lively and witty manner, is highly only "for musical reasons, to hear a famous little Rubinstein"—a protege of Joachim. And entertaining. In reflecting upon his young cantor". Small wonder that already in his so "little Rubinstein" started slowly but years, he is frank and outspoken. He recalls early boyhood his leanings tended toward the surely to advance in his career which his struggles, perseverance and successes, in­ dominant Polish culture and he felt more of brought him remarkable success and in­ consistencies and failings which are only too a Pole. In his nationalist fervour he hated temational fame. human. Occasionally it is an unflattering ac­ the Tsarist rule in Poland which was oppres­ count of the young bon viveur with his extrava­ sive and tyrannical. He notes that when as a Excellent Raconteur gances and sheer recklessness, erotic young boy he came for the first time to Rubinstein in his old age is an excellent experiences, adventures and escapades with a Warsaw, he was more than ever enraged by raconteur. He likes to recall in detail some great deal of trivia which weary and bore at the presence of Russians on Polish soil, in poignant story, amusing episodes and charm­ the end. All this forms, however, an integral particular by "the monuments that had been ing anecdotes. His narrative depicts on a part of the highly amusing life-story of Rubin­ erected in prominent places commemorating broad canvas the colourful, glorious days of stein's young years. Russian victories and honouring Polish yesterday's world, with its pleasures and However, what the serious Jewish reader traitors". Polish society and assimilated Jews gaiety, cultural and artistic life, gossip will miss in Rubinstein's memoirs with its played no mean role in his gradually unfold­ and slander, events and people at home and panoramic view of the pre-1914 years, is the ing musical advancement. abroad at the turn of the century. He travel­ complete absence of the living, striving Jew From the outset young Rubinstein was a led extensively, giving performances to en- in his own homeland. Rubinstein, the Polish sort of a "Gliickskind", favoured by fortune. Jew, probably due to some extent to his At an early age he started his musical educa­ colourless, meagre Jewish background and tion in Berlin under the care of the great strong aflBnity to Poland and its dominant Joseph Joachim, who succeeded to get gener­ culture, failed to see the dynamism and qual­ ous financial support for the boy's study and HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN ity of inner life pf the Jews in the Pale of upkeep. It is interesting to note that his Settlement. Their stmggle and frustration, early patrons were well-known Berlin vicissitudes and achievements, vigour and as­ bankers, like Robert Mendelssohn, Robert pirations were apparently alien to him. The coming Jewish historian will find in Warschauer and Martin Levy. They were the Specialist Shippert first maecenae in the long chain of many Mkf, Rubinstein's reminiscences very little of the other wealthy people who contributed hand­ true spunt which prevailed in the congested somely to make the musical career of towns and townlets, the sufferings and re­ Rubinstein a startling success. juvenation, the national revival and a re­ Fine Wines Unique Liqueurs The artistic and cultural life in Berlin nascent culture, which became after all the ""ound 1900 was of the highest order and corner-stone in the pattem of life among J'ade a profound impact on young tf you enjoy wines the overseas communities, and above all in the Rubinstein. "The opera, theatre and above all newly established Jewish State. All this the concerts fascinated him more than any­ write for our latest kee list seemingly does not fit into the grand thing else. The famous conductor Nikisch review of Rubinstein the great artist, albeit a introduced him to all the Beethoven and proud Jew by race who describes with much Mozart symphonies. "His performances of which is full of fascinating detail events and personalities of the belle Works by Tchaikowsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, epoque with its glitter and joi de vivre. It is information, maps, vintage reports to be hoped that his omission will be Cesar Franck and the young Strauss . . . were amended and he will retum to deal more '"evelations to the sensitive ears of the boy I fully with the problem of East-European *as." He also enjoyed immensely the famous and charts, descriptions, wines Jewry, its life and destiny, in the coming volumes of his highly interesting and exciting * Artur Rubinstein : My Young Years. Jonathan Cape. '^'SO. for laying down life-story of later years.

BECHSTEIN STEIHWAY BLUTHIKR BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE Pineat selection reconditioned PIANOS HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN 51 Bdsln Sauar*. London. M.W.3 Always interested In purchasing SYNAGOGUE SERVICES well-preserved instruments. 53/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR are held regularly on the Eve of Sat>bath JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. and Festivals af 6.30 pjn. and on the day 142 Edgwara Road, WJi Choose Hallgarten-Choose Fine Winot at 11 a.m. Tel.: 723 8818/9. ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED Page 6 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974

Han$ L Bach Another subject on which his opinion was sought was the feasibiliy of a compulsory credit insurance scheme to protect business firms against losses from bankruptcy. The A MONUMENT TO MOSES MENDELSSOHN scheme was dropped after Mendelssohn had expressed many doubts. The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization Herz Cerfberr, the leader of the Alsatian Jews In the academic field. Baron v. Zedlitz, a adds to its list of important publications on threatened with expulsion, to write a memoire leading member of the cabinet, frequently Jewish historical subjects this monumental supporting their protection. Mendelssohn took Mendelssohn's advice when he had to biography of Moses Mendelssohn.* It is a persuaded the counsellor in the department fill vacancies at the universities. Of lasting volume of 900 pages including notes, refer­ of foreign affairs in Berlin, "Kriegsrath" importance was his co-operation with the gov­ ences and indexes, 16 half-tone illustrations Dohm, to write the epoch-making treatise "On ernment in the reform of the procedure of and, as frontispiece, an unpublished portrait the Civil Improvement of the Jews" (1781), oath-taking by Jews, a particularly degrading of the philosopher in colour. Dr. Altmann, now and co-operated with him. His own publication relic of ages past. professor of Jewish philosophy at Brandeis of "Vindiciae Judaeorum" (In defence of Altmann describes the astounding invitation University and a Fellow of the American Jews) by Manasse ben Israel (who achieved to Sanssouci in soberly factual terms, without Academy of Arts and Sciences, is known to the admission of Jews to England) was, as mentioning the many legends that came to many readers of this monthly as former Rabbi Dr. Altmann has found, prompted by reviews surround it. The occasion was that a Saxonian in Berlin and Manchester, where he also of and replies to Dohm's pamphlet. Moreover minister, Baron v. Fritsche, wished to meet founded a Society for Jewish Study. Dr. Altmann discovered that an anonymous Mendelssohn, whereupon Frederick the Great As the only previous scholarly biography tract, "The Searching for Light and Right in suggested that he be invited, but remained of Mendelssohn, by Meyer Kayserling, is more a Letter to Herr Moses Mendelssohn, oc­ invisible himself. One small detail is striking- than 100 years old and as in the meantime, casioned by his remarkable Preface to Manasse To the question of the officer in charge at the in particular on the occasion of the bicenten­ ben Israel", signed "Your most sincere gate of Potsdam, why the invitation described ary of his birth in 1929, over 700 books and admirer S***, Vienna, June 12, 1782", caused him as "famous", Mendelssohn, with his puck­ papers relevant to his life and work have him to write "Jerasalem", in the mistaken ish humour, replied "Ich spiele aus der been published, a modem biography was belief that he was replying to Josef von Tasche" (I am a conjurer). This also shows urgently required. Dr. Altmann's, however, Sonnenfels, the high-ranking politician and the inner freedom that allowed him to hide goes far beyond merely taking this material leader of the Viennese Enlightenment group, under the cloak of the ubiquitous Jewish into account. He is able to include a very a converted grandson of a Berlin rabbi. The underworld of travelling musicians, acrobats, large amount of new findings. He was en­ real author was a notorious scribbler, conjurers, etc. when it suited him. trusted with the use and editing of Robert v. A. F. Cranz, who in this way secured maximum Another example of this inner freedoin Mendelssohn's family archives and those of publicity for his tract. What Mendelssohn is Mendelssohn's understanding of a national the New York Leo Baeck Institute and he felt was as stake when writing "Jerusalem" feeling and pride of his environment which, received unpublished documents, mostly whole was "the civil admission of the Jews as a "stemming from his Jewish consciousness, correspondences, from no fewer than 11 large matter of right and with no strings attached", transcended the individualism particular to libraries as well as many autographs, some whereas he suspected, as it turned out rightly, the Enlightenment", as Dr. Altmann shows us. from as far afield as the castle of a Portuguese that the Austrian Emperor Joseph H's "Edict On the occasion of Prussian victories in the duchess or tucked away among Felix Mendels­ of Tolerance" aimed at their conversion. Seven Years' War he wrote hymns and a sohn-Bartholdy's "Green Books" at the sermon for the Berlin congregation. Bodleian in Oxford (it was due to the latter's Considering the world-wide renown of Mendelssohn, "the brightest mind, the most initiative that his grandfather's Collected Mendelssohn's earlier book, "Phaedon or on excellent philosopher, and the best literary Works were published in 1843-45, which the Immortality of the Soul", which won him critic of our century", as Lessing characterised Mendelssohn's widow had undertaken but the title "The German Socrates" it is amazing him, was yet capable of extending his inner could not achieve). As some editors to learn now that it was originally planned as freedom even to philosophy—such an achieve­ of the 1929 edition of the Collected a Hebrew treatise on the immortality of the ment for a Jew emerging from the ghetto and Works, especially Professor Fritz Bamberger soul. one of his most intense concerns—as we can and the late Professor Bmno Strauss, also put In his younger years Mendelssohn was tutor see from a letter written only a fortnight their own collections of Mendelssohniana at to the children of Isaac Bernhard. When they before his death: Dr. Altmann's disposal, he could in a way grew up he became a clerk in his employer's "My reason must not act prudishly in spoiling incorporate the work of a whole generation of silk factory. On Bernhard's death he took scholars in this field. my pleasure in the innocent enjoyments of charge of the enterprise with the widow and this life. Philosophy is meant to make me With all these contributions, however, this was very successfid also in this field. His happier than I would be without it. It must book is very much his own. It is based on first biographer maintained that Frederick remain true to this vocation. I stay with her extensive earlier publications: his book of 1969, the Great had refused to confirm Mendels­ so long as she is a good companion; when "Mendelssohn's Friihschriften zur Metaphysik sohn's election to the Prussian Academy of she pulls supercilious, frosty, or even sour untersucht und erlautert" (Mendelssohn's Science because Mendelssohn had declined to faces and gets into a bad mood, I leave her earlier writings on metaphysics analysed and open a silk factory of his own in Potsdam, alone and play with my children ... I also explained), and quite a number of English, which indicated strained relations with the choose from the systems of the philosophers German and Hebrew articles in learned government. However, Dr. Altmann tells us invariably that which can make me happi^'' journals. Above all, however, as the general that later, in 1782, when owing to extraneous and better at the same time. A philosophy editor of the new edition of Mendelssohn's circumstances the silk trade receded, the gov­ that makes me disgruntled or indifferent to Collected Works, begun in 1971 and expected ernment submitted an official expose on the other people, or to myself, or frosty towards to cover 20 volumes. Dr. Altmann is co­ matter to Mendelssohn (and two Christians) the sentiment of the beautiful and good, is ordinating all the research on Mendelssohn. for his comment. This shows that he was not my philosophy". recognised as one of the leading experts. It is evidently impossible to do justice to a In the same letter Mendelssohn expresses bis work of this scope for a review within the attitude to religion: space available. Thus I have selected some "I adhere to popular concepts of religio'' points of view which might be of special Gorta Radiovision until my reason is strong enough to furnish" interest to our readers. in some way, a replacement for the loss oi Some idea of what is new in this biography Service those pleasant sentiments. I rejoice in every may be gained by noticing the vista opened (Member R.T.R.A.) religious custom that does not lead to i^" by the inclusion of hitherto unknown material tolerance and hatred of men. Like my 13 Ffognal Parade, in matters such as Mendelssohn's fight in children, I am happy with every ceremony defence of Lessing's memory with Jacobi who Fmchley Road, N.W.3 that has something true and good underlying held Lessing to be a Spinozist (i.e., as it was it. I seek to cut out the untrue as much a^ then understood, an atheist) and Jacobi's own SALES REPAIRS I can, (but) I abolish nothing until I ^m correspondence with Goethe, Herder and Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, able to substitute something better for its Hamann, which could naturally not have been Grundig, etc. good effect. . . . known to Mendelssohn himself. Quality, Colour, Rentals Similarly new is the Insight into biographi­ "The most common man, it seems to me. cal links between Mendelssohn's writings. It Mr. Gort will always be pleased to does not sing in order that God may hea^ had been known that, when requested by advise you him and be pleased with his melodies. 'J* sing for our own sakes, and this the wis * Alexander AHmann: Moset Mendelssohn. A Biographi­ (435 8635) cal Study. London (Routledge) 1973. £6-25. Continued on page 7, column 1 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974 Page 7 A Monument to Moses Mendelssohn New light on Wagner Bryan Magee's Aspects of Wagner (New Continued from page 6 Light on the most Controversial Composer of all Time), first published in 1968, is now available as a paperback (Panther Books; man does just as the fool does. Have you lem" inspired and clarified de Mirabeau's 35p). ever read the Psalms with this idea in own thoughts. He wrote a book, "Sur Moses mind? . . . This much is certain: the Psalms Mendelssohn et sur la Reforme Politique des A comprehensive review (by the present have sweetened many a bitter hour for me, Juifs". When a few years later the French writer) had appeared in AJR Information in and I pray and sing them as often as I feel Revolution proclaimed the Rights of Man, February 1971. It dealt especially with the the urge to pray and sing." Mirabeau's book and influence were decisive book's second chapter, which is entitled Incidentally, he took piano lessons with the in applying them also to Jews. Abb6 Gregoire's Jews—not least in music. well-known composer J. Ph. Kirnberger and motion of 1791 to the French National Starting with a critical survey of Wagner's published (anonymously) a treatise on the Assembly expressly justified the granting of antisemitic theories, the author continues by best method of constructing a well-tempered full civic equality to Jews by their "force presenting his own rather original views on pianoforte, which went into a second edition. interieure" as exemplified by Moses Mendels­ European Jewry's contribution to Western Some of the letters that have newly come sohn. Should not this posthumous victory civilisation. He emphasises that this has been to light offer charming more personal snap­ form part of his biography, quite as much of disproportionate magnitude and impact; at shots as it were. One, on Mendelssohn's first as that of the medieval Spanish general Cid the same time, he insists that its greatest re­ visit to the newly married Lessing, shows that whose dead body, strapped to a horse as if it presentatives, Spinoza, Marx, Einstein and he took a box of silk flowers ('Florblumen') were still alive, decided the outcome of the Freud, had in common their break with the to Madame Lessing, "in order to predispose battle? her to a friendliness that she might otherwise traditions of Judaism and that only this not have towards a strange bearded face". Secondly, a summary of the essence of this break enabled them to achieve what they did. book would be most desirable. Dr. Altmann In another series of thoughts, he accepts Personal Sidelights says: "It is only in the aggregate of a multitude Wagner's criticism of the Jewish composers of accounts of experiences, reactions and state­ of his time, especially of Mendelssohn, whose Further, there are amusing sidelights on ments on his part that his (Mendelssohn's) real absorption of German artistic ideals Mendelssohn's contact with Sarchen Meyer, attitude becomes fully articulate. His reply Wagner had questioned. Magee seeks the the daughter of Rosel Meyer, the owner of to Lavater's challenge, his formidable Bible reason for this "failure" in the fact that his house Spandauerstr. 68. In 1774, he ac­ (translation) project, his tussles with the these composers had still been too close to companied both of them to Pyrmont. Sarchen, 3 girl of eleven, was not at all surprised to rabbis, the formulation of his view of Judaism the beginnings of emancipation. When, in a leam that his wife, Fromet, was a little jealous in Jerusalem, his response to Lessing's Nathan later period, European culture had tumed of her: "Even if I were the frostiest Stoic", the Wise, the way he educated his children— away from its traditions and had reached a he wrote to Fromet, "she would still believe these and many more items in his biography" stage of scepticism and self-criticism, the m her power to triumph over male frostiness add up to "what his Judaism was like". Would Jews, on the strength of their own insecure and if you had the greatest illusions about it not seem the biographer's privilege to give situation, were able to fit in more naturally your beauty, she would still believe in her readers the benefit of his unique know­ and could now produce composers like power to triumph over female illusions". ledge of this vast material in formulating Mahler and Schoenberg (both, significantly, himself the comprehensive view of Mendels­ admirers of Wagner) who would have dis­ Two years later, at the age of thirteen, sohn? armed the kind of criticism which Wagner Sarchen had a romance with a very handsome nian from Hamburg. He sent her Goethe's It is unlikely that anything like the amount levelled against Mendelssohn. "Werther", "the solace of frustrated lovers" of important letters and documents on him The author is himself free from any racial (incidentally, K. W. Jerusalem, the model of of the last century will be found again, nor bias, and his theories, although in many re­ the novel, was probably a descendant of Dutch else a scholar of the all-round competence of spects one-sided and open to scholarly criti­ Jews). She returned it, "with a thousand Dr. Altmann, covering philosophy, Jewish cism, have the merit of making a thought- passages marked, together with a glowing tradition and European literature in equal provoking contribution to the problem of the note". This was intercepted by her father. She depth. His work will thus probably be the Jewish cultural position in the diaspora. Was punished by being confined to her room. definitive biography of Moses Mendelssohn. The remaining five chapters contain a fas­ Obviously, he called in Mendelssohn, and he, cinating evaluation of Wagner's art and its "niy mentor", she continues, "appeared"—he bitterly reproached her and threw the book out tremendous influence not only on later com­ of the window. This reminiscence is contained We offer comprehensive advice posers but also on the literature and philoso­ in a letter to Goethe written thirty years later. phy of the late nineteenth and twentieth cen­ She had now become Sara v. Grotthus, the on every type of domestic and tury. wife of a Pmssian army officer, after being H. W. FREYHAN divorced from Lippman Wulff, to whom she commercial insurance, life had been unhappily married. She also told assurance, house purchase finance, EMERGENCE OF JEWISH WRITERS Goethe in this letter that all aspects in At the opening meeting of Jewish Week at Lessing's "Nathan the Wise" were "familiar estate duty mitigation and pension Hillel House, London, Mr. Barnet Litvinoff, Portraits: Nathan himself, a liberal merchant, representing my father, and as a thinker schemes. the historian and novelist, asserted that one representing Mendelssohn" ... I of the major sources of future Jewish writing will be the Soviet Union. The general To come to the end of this review, I would awakening of the Russian people would bring iike to add the paradoxical wish that, in a to the surface new voices of Jewish writers, second edition, this long book would become BREMAR INSURANCE who would probably totally by-pass the old even longer, in two respects. cliches of writing on Jewish subjects. He In his Introduction, Dr. Altmann states that SERVICES LIMITED pointed to literary items in the Moscow he "does not attempt to assess his (Mendels­ Sovietish Heimland, which indicated the ex­ sohn's) significance from the hindsight of Managing Director: C. F. Flesch istence of rich Jewish writing. historical perspective or to trace his image in subsequent generations". He adds an "Epi­ From Israel and from America, where the logue", however, which covers the obituaries social tension was particularly beneficial to to Mendelssohn and the biographies that ap­ Metnbers of the Bretnar Group, creative writing, interesting fiction on Jewish peared soon after his death. It is dearly to Intemalional Merchant Banlters subjects could also be expected. he wished that he would also include the outcome of one of the causes nearest to JEWS DEPICTED ON GERMAN STAMPS Mendelssohn's heart, the civic equality of Jews A new series of post stamps in the German without strings attached. Soon after Mendels­ Democratic Republic includes a stamp depict­ sohn's death the young French politician and Bremar House, 27, Sale Place, ing the author Lion Feuchtwanger, who died Writer Count de Mirabeau came to Berlin. in Califomia in 1958. Deeply impressed by the grief with which the London, W2 IPT. Philosopher was moumed by Jews and Gentiles A short while ago, the West Gennan postal ^like, he read his chief works. The demand for authorities issued a stamp commemorating the separation of State and Church in "Jerusa­ 'Phone: 01-2621198 Telex: 21969 BREMARCO LDN. Rosa Luxemburg in a series of women signifi­ cant in political life. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974 From the outset he made an important contribution in England to the organisation qi Jewish life among the newly arrived immi­ IN MEMORIAM grants, first on the Isle of Man and later m RICHARD CROSSMAN RABBI DR. LOTHAR ROTHSCHILD Leeds where he joined the AJR serving as its local chairman for many years. , Richard Crossman's commitment to the Rabbi Dr. Lothar Rothschild died in St. He acted for his numerous friends ana cause of Zionism started in 1945 when, as a Gallen at the age of 64. After having com­ clients in Leeds and London in matters oi young Labour M.P., he was appointed by pleted his studies at the Breslau Theological Restitution from Germany. Dr. Glaser leaves Emest Bevin as one of the three British mem­ Seminary and the Berlin Hochschule, he a widow in London and children, grandchildren bers of the Anglo-American Commission on became rabbi of the Saarbmecken Jewish and great-grandchildren in Israel. We exteno Palestine. It was he who drafted the report community in 1934. Four years later, he took our sincere sympathy to his widow and family- of the Commission, which recommended the charge of the Jewish refugee relief work in immediate admission of one hundred Basle and in 1943 he was appointed rabbi of DR. HANS SACHS thousand Jewish refugees to Palestine, and St. Gallen. He retired prematurely in 1968 in stated that the Jewisn National Home was order to devote himself mainly to Jewish The dental surgeon. Dr. Hans Sachs, who rooted in the soil of Palestine. The Attlee scholarly work but, unfortunately, only a few died in New York in his 93rd year, was noi Govemment rejected the report and Cross- more years were granted to him. He was a lec­ only well known by his practical and scien­ man became one of its most effective critics turer of Jewish history at the University of tific work in his profession but also as an in regard to its Middle East policy. He re­ Zurich and also gave lectures in St. Gallen as expert in the graphic field. His collection ol tained his pro-Israel attitude up to the end well as at many other places, dealing posters, comprising 12,500 items, was the and spoke at innumerable Jewish gatherings frequently with the problem of Jewish- greatest collection of this kind in the worW- in this country and abroad. In his attitude to Christian relationship. He also regularly con­ Though the Kunstgewerbeschule in Berlin, Zionism, he was a disciple of Chaim Weiz­ tributed to Jewish periodicals in Switzerland, where it was displayed, was bombed during mann, whom he once described as "the only Germany and Austria and spoke over Swiss and the war, the collection was saved and is now great man and the only great Englishman I German broadcasting stations. By his death deposited in the Berlin Zeughaus, whicn have ever met". At the time of his death, the German speaking Jews in Continental has been converted into a musuem. Dr. Sacns Crossman was in the middle of writing a countries have lost one of their outstanding was also publisher and editor of the per­ biography of Weizmann. He was the author representatives, whose attitude was marked iodical "Das Plakat". After his emigration to of "Palestine Mission" (1947) in which he de­ by a positive Jewish outlook linked with an the U.S.A., when he was already at an a?' scribed his work on the (Committee of In­ open mind for the wider cultural issues. quiry, and "A Nation Reborn". vanced age, he studied anew to obtain WS E.G.L. American qualifications and resumed ois work as a practising dental surgeon. Another Richard Crossman was bom in 1907, the DR. FRITZ (FRED) GLASER hobby of his was the collection of toothpicks, son of a judge, and educated at Winchester and in 1914 he wrote a book about the and Oxford. In the 1930s he spent consid­ Dr. Fritz (Fred) Glaser passed away on history of the toothpick, which was re­ erable time in Germany and Austria. This April 12 at the age of 83. A lawyer of great published in 1968, probably the only work on gave him an insight into the political climate reputation he built up a successful practice this subject. of those countries during the rising of the in Berlin after the First World War. Nazi movement and his first-hand experience PROF. DR. WALTER HIRSCH became particularly valuable when, during As early as in his student days he took an the war, he was appointed Deputy Director of active part in Zionist work joining both the The specialist in children's psychiatry. Psychological Warfare. At that time, he also Zionist Students Association (V.J.ST.) and Professor Dr. Walter Hirsch, died in Berlin enlisted the services of expert refugees, the K.J.V. Throughout his life he has taken at the age of 75. He practised in Berlin until whose knowledge of German politics and a lively interest in all the aspects conceming 1933 and, when the Nazis came to power, wem economics was thus made available for the the Jewish National Home in Eretz Israel and to Palestine where he stayed until 1958. . . war effort. He also showed much sympathy later the State of Israel. When he lived in Israel, Professor Hirscn and understanding for the Jewish refugees in The outbreak of the Second World War created the German language "BibliotheK general and, on various occasions, was help­ interrupted his preparations for emigration Walter Hirsch", the core of which consisteo ful to the AJR both during the war, when we to Israel, and almost at the last minute of his own library. Meanwhile the library has were "enemy aliens", and later, whenever we he succeeded to come to England together been considerably extended and come under had to ask him for his support as an M.P. with his wife and baby daughter. the custody of the West German Embassy-

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STAMPS OF ISRAEL FROM THE ISRAELI SCEISE Those who collect Israel's postage stamps " BACK HOME " MOVEMENT the A level examination in English, thus have sorely needed a detailed guide for 26 making it easier for fanulies to take their years: now that gap is filled with a finely The newly established Habayta (Back teenage children to Israel. produced and fully illustrated work by Meir Home) movement is calling on Westem Jews The four-week survey also revealed that Persoff, home news editor of THE JEWISH to emigrate to Israel. Announcing its pro­ the community is lacking basic information CHRONICLE.* gramme in advertisements in the Israeli about living conditions m Israel, and that Press, the Movement issued its emigration there is discontent with the slowness of The reader is taken through the earliest call because, it claims, the economic situation replies from Israel to practical questions con­ days of post in the Holy Land, from the times overseas is deteriorating, there is rising anti­ cerning immigration. Furthermore the survey of King David and Nebuchadnezzar to the mid- semitism against diaspora communities, and indicated that many elderly people wanted to 19th century, when Austria opened post offices the Zionist organisations cannot stimulate settle in Israel but the Jewish Agency has so at Haifa, Jaffa and Jerusalem. Special stamps emigration. far been able to offer little for their absorp­ with values in soldi were used there, and The signatories of the advertisement were tion. German offices, first opened in 1898, used Mr. Victor Ratner of Britain, the chairman of "Germania" type stamps surcharged with a committee in formation; Rabbi Baruch EMIGRATION REPORTS Robbins of the United States; and Mr. Stan­ values in paras and piastres. Those and other ley Goldfoot of South Africa. Rabbi Meir Against a background of reports that an European post offices were widely patronised unusually large percentage of Israelis had by the Jews of Palestine in preference to the Kahane, the leader of the Jewish Defence either decided to settle abroad or were think­ League, said that the Habayta programme ing of doing so. Dr. Yosef Burg, the Minister uncertain, dilatory Turkish posts, but after Was expressing his ideas. of the Interior, issued a statement to the Is­ World War I they were all replaced by offices The opponents of the movement assert, raeli Cabinet. He said that the number of Is­ established by the British mandate authorities. however, that its appeal is premature because raelis who left the country during the early There is a good chapter on stamps of the there are not as yet sufficient openings in part of this year or who have applied for the country. They feel that no Western Jews mandate period and another on the provision­ passports, did not bear out the press reports al local issues of the interim days between should be induced to emigrate before there that an increasing number now wanted to are sufficent job opportunities available in emigrate. A Ministry of Interior spokesman the ending of the mandate and declaration of Israel. has said that the number of Israelis who left the State of Israel. Much of the romance and the country in January and Febmary was danger of the times just before the declara­ ALIYA FROM TTHE WEST similar to last year's figure. tion can be felt from reading these pages, and The Central Bureau of Statistics' official the difficulties are vividly described. Design­ Ten special Israeli emissaries who met ing stamps in an atmosphere such as that is almost 10,000 Jews at more than 300 meet­ retums, however, show that 5,800 more ings all over Britain, have come to the con­ people left Israel for all purposes than the neither easy nor pleasant. clusion that Israel's absorption policy of number who arrived during the first three The latter part of the book contains many Western immigrants must be reorganised in months. illustrations of essays (unadopted designs) favour of families. The campaign has re­ KREISKY AT YAD VASHEM which will be of special interest to philatel­ vealed that, contrary to the Jewish Agency's ists, and there is a biography of every stamp current assertion of youth being the major On the occasion of his visit to Israel as designer from 1948 to 1970, including a num­ source for aliya, the most likely settlers are head of the Socialist International mission, ber of fugitives from Germany and Austria. the middle-class families in the 3245 age Austrian Charfellor Bruno Kreisky also paid group. Their major motivation in considering a visit to Yad Vashem near Jerusalem, the It is a most useful work and fully deserves emigration to Israel is their concern for their Memorial of the Holocaust. He was presented the attention of every stamp collector. children's future. This would mean a change with a memorial scroll for his uncle, Ludwig m the policy on house buying and the enlarge- Kreisky, who was killed by the Nazis, and of­ MAURICE WILLIAMS nient of education facilities for immigrant fered to give details about 28 other members • Ths Running Slag. By Meir Persofl. Published by children from Britain, principally to accept of his family who perished. Robson Lowe, Ltd.. 50 Pall Mall, London, SWIY 5JZ. E3-00.

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Page 10 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974

DONATION IN MEMORY OF BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES NORMAN BENTWICH

PROFESSOR ERNST SIMON 75 Minister of Prussia, appointed him represen­ In 1971, a plaque in memory of the Rich­ tative of Prussia in the Reichsrat. In this When, on the occasion of his 70th birth­ capacity, he represented Prussia before the borough "Transit Camp was unveiled in Sand­ day on March 15, 1969, Professor Emst Constitutional Court after von Papen's coup wich. The preparatory work was carried out Simon was awarded the Buber-Rosenzweig in 1932. When the Nazis came to power he by an ad hoc committee of former inmates of Medal, his publisher, the late Lambert delivered a courageous address on behalf the camp in co-operation with Professor Schneider, described him as a "bridge buil­ of the Reichsrat, reminding Hitler of the Norman Bentwich who, however, unfor­ der". "You are not a 'tolerant' man", duties incumbent on him under the tunately died a few months before the unveil­ Schneider said. "You have always taken sides democratic Weimar Constitution. He left ing ceremony. The costs for the plaque were and fought for what you considered right. Germany for the United States in July 1933 covered by voluntary donations received in Yet at the same time you have always looked and, on the invitation of Alvin Johnson, be­ response to an appeal by the committee. The for the chance of establishing contacts, where came Professor at the newly established money raised exceeded the actual expenses differences appear unsurmountable. In this Graduate Faculty of the New School for Social by £270. It was originally intended to donate spirit you look upon us Germans, who have Research, the "University in Exile". His main the surplus to the Borough of Sandwich for a separated ourselves from the Jews by work of scholarship is a monograph on purpose to be decided by their Council. How­ unimaginable abysses, and in the same way "Political Theory", and his reminiscences are ever, in spite of repeated reminders no pro­ you courageously approach the problem of recorded in two books, "Aus naechster Naehe" gress could be made. As meanwhile three the Palestinian Arabs in your country, and "Mit der Kraft des Geistes". years have elapsed, the committee decided to Israel". These words still hold good now, transmit the surplus to the emergency book after a lapse of a further five years, when, fund of the Hebrew University established though belatedly, we extend to Emst Simon BIRTHDAY GREETINGS TO for the benefit of student soldiers who were our congratulations on his 75th birthday. He MARGARET JACOBT wounded in the October War and require has continued his activities as a writer and multiple text books and teaching aids to catch speaker with undiminished vigour, and the On May 22, Mrs. Margaret Jacoby will cele­ up with their studies while still in hospital numerous activities during the past lustrum brate her 92nd birthday. Her appearance and or convalescing. The donation is at the same include contributions to the fascinating her vigour belie her age. As chairman of the time a tribute to the memory of Professor phenomenon of Jews who, like Heine and AJR Club since its inception, she is as un­ Norman Bentwich, who was equally devotee Freud, were not committed to Judaism in a daunted and energetic as she has always to the causes of the Hebrew University and strictly religious sense but whose per­ been, and her speeches, whether addressed to of the refugees. He had also formulated the sonalities were all the same shaped by their members of the Club or to the AJR Board at text of the plaque affixed to the Barbican m Jewishness. Ernst Simon himself, who comes its annual meetings, continue to excel by Sandwich. from an "assimilated" (as the term runs) their clarity and humorous interspersions. In family, owes his return to the spiritual values gratitude and admiration we wish her many of Judaism to the influence of Rabbi happy returns of the day. In her letter of acknowledgement, the Nehemia Nobel and Franz Rosenzweig. He financial secretary of the Friends of the emigrated to Palestine as early as 1928 and THEODOR MARCUS 80 Hebrew University, Miss Charlotte Prince, was professor of pedagogics at the Hebrew writes: "I need not tell you how much we University from 1955 until he retired in 1967. On April 20, the publisher Dr. Theodor who were so closely connected with Professor He has also been actively associated with the Marcus (formerly Breslau, now Norman Bentwich appreciate this action. 1 Leo Baeck Institute since its inception as a Grono/Switzerland) celebrated his SOth birth­ think it is a splendid thought to dispose ot member of its Jemsalem Board. day. He was the last principal of the firm of the remaining funds and I am sure Nonnan M. & H. Marcus which, among other things, Bentwich would have completely approved oi published the Monatsschrift fuer Geschichte the use to which it is being put. I am writing STAATSSEKRETAER a.D.BRECHT 90 und Wissenschaft des Judentums (founded in to the Hebrew University to find out whether 1851 by Zacharias Frankel). The last (83rd) books bought out of this fund can be Staatssekretaer a.D.Professor Dr. Arnold volume of the periodical, edited by Dr. Leo specially commemorated, possibly by an EX Brecht recently celebrated his 90th birthday Baeck under most difficult circumstances in Libris." The committee also received a letter in New York. He started his career as a high 1939 and confiscated by the Gestapo, was re­ of thanks from Mr. David E. Franklin, the civil servant in October 1918, when Prinz Max published by the Leo Baeck Institute a short nephew of Professor Bentwich, on behalf oi von Baden put him in charge of the adminis­ time ago. Until 1933, Dr. Marcus played an the family. tration of the Reichskanzlei. In 1921, he important and widely recognised role in the The committee will see to it that care is became Ministerialrat in the Federal Ministry representative organisations of the German taken of the plaque, and will also arrange of the Interior, and in 1927, Otto Braun, Prime book trade. E.G.L. for annual inspections.

FAMILT EVENTS Deaths CLASSIFIED RECENTLY RETIRED LApY The charge in these columns is wishes to meet another for holiday Entries in the column Family Cooper.—Mr. Harry Cooper, of 17 abroad. Box 389. Events are free of charge. Texts Queen Anne's Grove, Ealing, Lon­ 15p for five words. should be sent in by the 15th of don, W.S (formerly Harry Cohn, Situations Vacant BABY GRAND PIANO WANTED, the month. of Glogau/Schles), died peacefully Women first class condition only, Steinway after a long illness. Deeply The AJR EMPLOYMENT preferred. Box 391. Birthdajrs mourned by his wife, sister and AGENCY needs par t-time Home-helps (shopping/cooking), Personal The Members of the AJR Club many friends. companions and attendants for extend their sincerest congratula­ the elderly who require personal MIDDL E-AGED ATTRACTIVE tions to their Chairman, Mrs. Glaser.—Dr. Fred Glaser, 53 Brim assistance Please telephone: WIDOW, independent means, Margaret Jacoby, who will cele­ Hill, London, N.2, passed away on 01-624 4449 for an appointment. would like to meet a gentleman, brate her 92nd birthday on May April 12 at the age of 83 after a also independent, for com­ 22. With gratitude and love. long illness. Deeply mourned by Situations Wanted panionship. (London area). B"* his wife, Freda, and his family Women 386. Warmest congratulations to Mrs. living in Israel—Eva and Gideon, CONTINENTAL LADY, German- Margaret Schurmann on the oc­ speaking, seeks non-residential WIDOWER, retired, wishes ^° his daughter and son, his son-in- casion of her SOth birthday on position as nursing companion. meet refined lady under 70, for May 26, from the AJR Club. law and daughter-in-law, grand­ Also night duty and as travelling companionship, living in the children and great-grandchildren. companion. Box 387. Ealing area. Box 38S. Rose.—Miss Irma Rose, 20 Cecil Close, London, W.S. Congratula­ Greenwood.—Mr. Adolf Green­ ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, ATTRACTIVE, Educated Divorcee, etc., undertaken by ladies on our tions to a wonderful person on the wood of 19 Sarsfeld Road, London, Viennese, lively lady, would like to occasion of your SSth birthday, register. Phone AJR Employment meet similar gentleman ageo on May 7, from relatives and S.W.12, passed away on March 8. Agency, 01-624 4449. between 40 and 50. Object frieno- friends. Deeply mourned by his wife, son, ship. Box 390. family, relatives and friends. Miscellaneous Thanks for Good Wishes EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS Roos.—Mr. Samson Roos, aged 70 AND RESTYLING. All kinds of LUGGAGE Bennett.—As I am unable to (son of the late Dr. Israel and Mrs. fur work undertaken by first-class HANDBAGS, UMBRELLAS AHD answer all the nice letters wish­ Auguste Roos of Frankfurt/Main) renovator and stylist, many years' ALL ICATNER GOODS ing me well after my accident, I experience and best references. TRAVEL GOODS want to express herewith my sin­ —our dear brother, brother-in-law, uncle, on April 10, peacefully at Phone 01452 5867, after 5 p.m. H. FUCHS cerest thanks to all who wrote to for appointment, Mrs F. Philipp, a«7 VtlHt End LUM. N.W.S me.—Lotte Bennett, 91 Ruskin the Middlesex Hospital. Families 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill, Thone 435 2602 Park House. London, S.E.S. in London, New York, Jemsalem. London, N.W.IO. A.JR INFORMATION May, 1974 Page 11

Herbert Freeden war medals to Eisenhower), returned to Ger­ many and decided to settle in East Berlin. Far from being given the VIP treatment awarded to other prodigal sons, his views and MARTIN BUBER ADULT EDUCATION writings were dubbed "subversive" by Mr Honecker in 1966 and his books were banned in the GDR. There is no doubt that Heym CENTRE ON MOUNT SCOPUS has accepted this situation as a challenge to his literary talent and the political philoso­ The dedication of the Martin Buber Adult from abroad and research on adult education. phy he chose to battle on. It is probably a Education Centre on the Hebrew University's It also contains a Jewish-Arab community measure of his standing that this book, an Mount Scopus campus, in the presence of a centre and a multi-purpose auditorium for obvious illustration of his very fighting-spirit group of 80 German personalities, who had programmes involving different ethnic and and "charged with political meaning", is to come to attend the event, was a memorable inter-faith groups. Placed in the Centre is a be published in East Germany after all. occasion. Heading the group was Mr. Walter bust of Buber, presented by the sculptor Hesselbach, a long-standing friend of Israel and Abraham Burstein, as well as several sculp­ Conceived and written on more than one President of the Trade Union Bank in Frank­ tures by Erna Weill. level, "The King David Report" is not only furt, who received an Honorary Doctorate prior Since the Six-Day War in 1967, the Buber an interpretation of the Biblical text but it is, to the dedication ceremony. The ceremony was Centre, with the assistance of the Rothschild first and foremost in my view, intended as attended by members of the Buber family, in­ Foundation, has directed a social and cultural an allegory of rewriting history in such a cluding Martin's son Rafael Buber; Mr Sam centre in East Jerusalem to foster better way that it may be digested and utilised for Rothberg, Chairman of the University's Board understanding between Jews and Arabs. More the purposes of the totalitarian state. of Governors; University President Avraham than 2,000 Arab and Jewish students have According to tradition, Ethan was one of Harman: Rector Prof. Michael Rabin; Prof. studied each other's languages within the the wisest men alive during King Solomon's Gershom Scholem, President of the Israel framework of the Centre, which also serves reign. He is summoned to Jerusalem—family, Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and as an informal meeting place where, through concubine and all—to join the Royal Com­ Hebrew University faculty members. interpersonal and intercultural contacts, better mission in the process of compiling "the one The Adult Education Centre dates back to mutual understanding is created and stereo­ and only true and authoritative, historically 1948 when the need to facilitate the cultural typed concepts are modified. This year the correct and officially approved report on the absorption of hundreds of thousands of im­ Centre is running ten classes for a total of amazing rise and Godfearing life, heroic migrants required a programme more compre­ 300 students, of whom half are Arabs deeds and wonderful achievements of David, hensive than the extension classes which the (Moslems and Christians) and half Jews. the son of Jesse, King of Judah for seven University established during the 1930s. One "The mass immigration that has been taking years and of both, Judah and Israel, for 33 of its founders was Buber himself, who for place has shown that we need teachers for years, chosen of God and father of Solomon". several years headed the Centre's school for the people", Martin Buber once stated, "men Ethan is to be the editor of this vital report. teachers of adult education. and women whose main preoccupation is the It does not take him long to realise that all Preceding the dedication of the new premis­ teaching of adults, mainly among the new­ his editorial duties are under strict surveil­ es, Mr Harman paid tribute to Mr Hesselbach, comers to this country. We need people who lance, and his detailed research among the stating that "he serves to remind us here in are capable of realising that this is not a annals, army reports, songs and interviews Israel of human decency, of refusal to secondary occupation to be resorted to in de­ with surviving eyewitnesses are subject to acquiesce to evil, and to restore our faith fault of anything better, but a calling of pri­ censorship by his colleagues on the editorial in humanity and the brotherhood of man­ mary importance which makes no fewer committee. They are all there, our old kind." The Honorary Doctorate scroll said, in demands than any other calling". acquaintances: Zadok, the Priest, Nathan, the Part: "Walter Hesselbach showed an early and In connection with the dedication of the Prophet, and Benaiah, Captain of the Host; courageous identification with the social demo­ Buber Centre, an all-day German language influential powerful men, anxious to serve cratic movement, and his illegal work on its symposium on adult education and on Buber's the King and not less anxious to look after behalf brought him into serious conflict with role as philosopher and educator was held their very own niche in the Establishment. the Nazi regime which he constantly opposed. with the participation of German and Israeli If Ethan struggles for truth, he has not When sanity returned to Europe, Walter scholars. Speakers included Prof. Karl really much of a chance. Here they are, Hesselbach again stepped to the fore as one Erlinghagen, of Regensburg University, who determined to see the real assignment carried concerned to secure democratic foundations spoke on ""The Place of Adult Education in out without hitches. They feel responsible for for the new Germany. ... In this spirit, he has the Society of Today and Tomorrow"; Mr the compilation of records that will prove became a staunch friend of Israel, lending Hermann Kumpfmiiller, Director of the King David's legitimate take-over from Saul's it both moral and material support. . . . His People's High School Association of Bavaria, dynasty and therewith provide legitimacy to energetic leadership has served as a source of whose theme was "Adult Education as a Solomon's claim to the throne of Judah and ponstant inspiration and has been of crucial Major Topic in the Educational System"; Prof. Israel. But Ethan does not capitulate im­ importance in securing for the University Emst Simon, of the Hebrew University, on mediately. Not until he has unearthed bits support of the most generous proportions, in­ "What is Martin Buber's Message Today?"; and pieces of information which somehow cluding that for the construction of the Martin Prof. Shemaryahu Talmon, of the Hebrew distort the picture of the benign, psalm sing­ Buber Centre and the Peretz Naftali Build­ University, on "Martin Buber as a Bible ing, both on the Mount Scopus campus, and Exegete", and Prof. Uriel Tal, of Tel Aviv ing David. Not until he has revealed the con­ both reflecting his own concern for adult University, on "Judaism and Christianity in flicting reports about King Saul's death or education and the study of the social sciences." Buber's Teaching". Following the symposium, pried into the famUy tragedy surrounding Responding, Mr Hesselbach recalled his many an Arabic-Jewish folk-lore evening was held Absalom's tragic life. He lets his colleagues meetings with Martin Buber in Frankfurt and at the University's Wise Auditorium. know how unruly and unhappy the historian said that he considered himself a student of becomes who has to reshape and gloss over the late scholar. He referred to the important conflicting sources and to blend them simply role which Martin Buber played in the field into a mess of legendary plausibility, how­ of adult education in Germany before the Lucie Schachne ever beautifully put together. His honesty en­ Nazi era, and to his decisive part in its dangers his existence in Jemsalem. He is development for the German Jews after the KING DAVID'S DIFFERENT IMAGE sent home. i^azis came to power. He then unveiled the An interesting book—although there are dedicatory plaque and, together with Rafael "The story of an intellectual who must face bound to be critics who will not find the Buber, was the first to enter the Buber room the conflict of his time and who is tormented author consistently up to his self-set task of 7~a replica of Martin Buber's study contain­ by the limitations which are set to his writ­ having written an historical or Biblical novel. I ing his fumiture and books. ing the truth." This is how the author Stefan was irritated on another count: stylistic Heym sketches Ethan, the protagonist of his tricks and gimmicks are too frequent and, in In a display case outside the room are the novel "The King David Report",* in which he any case, do not produce or keep up the priginal manuscripts of some of Buber's works has him commissioned by King Solomon to illusion of a "present-day story charged with including "I and Thou" and "Gog and write the story of King David as we know it political meaning" if the contents cannot Magog". The guests also saw the SS order of from the text in Samuel 1 and 2 and Kings 1. create it in their own right. 40 years ago depriving Buber of his academic Between the lines of Ethan's profile the But I am sure that many readers will be suf­ honours and forbidding him to teach in author's own personal dilemma emerges: ficiently stimulated to reach again (or for Germany. The building includes a library, having served with distinction in the the first time?) for the original. A rewarding Which will serve as the central library on adult American army during the war, Stefan Heym, experience. education in Israel, and facilities for lecture after becoming disillusioned with the United courses and study circles, seminars for groups * The King David Report by Stefan Heym, Hodder and States in the McCarthy era (he sent back his Stoughton, London, £2-25. Page 12 AJR INFORMATION May, 1974

to see but of which he was one of the first Letters to the Editor initiators. Sir,—Ten years have passed since, in the RICHARD STRAUSS UNDER THE NAZIS 3. Nobody has suggested that Strauss' grief aftemoon of May 24, we lost with the death over the destruction of German opera houses of Dr. Hans Reichmann, one of the leading Sir.—The review of Mr. Del Mar's book, is a "vindication". It just fits the image of champions for the cause of German Jewry in published in your March, 1974 issue, calls for the apolitical musician to whom his art the darkest period of its history. He is en­ comments in various respects. matters more than anything else. Whether this shrined in our memory on account of his fight­ 1. In the opinion of your reviewer, the attitude is defensible is quite another question. ing spirit, his deep loyalty towards his friendis author's view of Strauss' position during the It is true that men like F. Busch, Toscanini— and fellow Jews, his fruitful legal work in Nazi era deserves to be taken into account. and Casals!—acted differently. It must be their interest and, last but not least, his in­ Does not his interpretation of Strauss' refusal mentioned, though, that Toscanini broke with volvement in the great ideological struggle of to have evacuees in his villa as an anti-Nazi Mussolini only after several years' collabora­ his times. deed disqualify Mr. Del Mar? tion. To remain faithful to one's ideal in times of 2. The reviewer refers to "the need to pro­ Finally, the author's comment on the Israeli adversity and despair, that is the quality which tect his Jevnsh daughter-in-law—he did this ban of Strauss' music is not an attack: it is makes a man great. Hans Reichmann firmly with only limited su.ccess." We know from rather a mild expression of regret. I myself believed in the superiority of good over evil, Klaus Mann, to whom she complained about know that many Israelis disapprove of the ban and he did not abandon this belief even when it, that Alice Strauss, nee Grab, had to refrain and respond to it by collecting records of the Hitler seemed to be triumphing and every­ from—riding! ("Der Wendepunkt"). "forbidden" music. The lovers of Strauss' thing seemed to be lost. His belief was vindi­ music in Israel include people who lost cated when Adenauer's Germany acknowledged 3. Furthermore: "The destruction of the their nearest relations in the Holocaust. her moral obligation to make restitution to German opera houses affected him more than With regard to Mrs. Bloch's final point: at the Jevnsh victims of the Holocaust. Hans anything else." This would seem an indictment the time of the holocaust (of which he cer­ Reichmann rendered a most distinguished ser­ rather than a vindication (see: "Richard tainly knew little) Strauss had long been out vice in this field until the time of his prem­ Strauss: The Life of a Non-Hero", by George of favour with the regime. The chief reason ature death. R. Marek, p.288j.* for his break with the Nazis (1935!) was his (DR.) FRITZ FRIEDLAENDER. And then Mr. Del Mar's "Epilogue"! There collaboration with Stefan Zweig, the Jewish 15 Airdrie Road, North Caulfield, were men like Fritz Busch and Toscanini. Any refugee author. jj. W. FREYHAN Victoria 3161, Australia. whitewashing of Strauss is an insult to their memory. But to turn that whitewash into an IN MEMORY OF HANS REICHMANN attack on Israel is a tour de force. Should not AUSTRALIANS AND GOLDMANN all that generous forgiveness include the vic­ Ten years ago, the Jews from Germany lost tims, even if they fail to appreciate that "it one of their outstanding personalities, Dr. A reported statement by Dr. Nahum Gold­ was at no time from malice" that Strauss lent Hans Reichmann. The following tribute in his mann, the president of the World Jewish "his enormous prestige" to their murderers? memory was sent to us by our friend Dr. Fritz Congress, defending President Tito of Yugo­ All in all, your reviewer's exertions on be­ slavia and describing the Israeli leadership as Friedlaender, who now lives in Australia and "intransigent", angered the Executive Council half of Mr. Del Mar are sadly misplaced. who knew Hans Reichmann from the pre-war of Australian Jewry. At their annual con­ (MRS.) ANNE BLOCH. times in Berlin. Those of us, who worked with ference in Sydney they passed a resolution 40 South Grove House, him at close quarters after the dispersion, stating that Dr. (Soldmann no longer enjoyed London, N6 6LR. recall his signal services to the German Jews their confidence in his role of leadership of in this country as chairman of the AJR from the W.J.C. * Reviewed in our November, 1968 issue.—The Ed. 1953 to 1963, to the remnants of German In an angry cable to the E.C.A.J. Dr. Gold­ Jewry all over the world as Hon. Secretary of mann declared that the resolution was totally unfounded. "I said that President Tito is fun­ Our reviewer, Mr. H. W. Freyhan, writes: the Council of the Jews from Germany, and to damentally a believer in the necessity for a The three volumes of Norman del Mar's all Jewish survivors of the catastrophe as Jewish State but is afraid that Israel may en­ book are chiefly concemed with Strauss' music General Secretary of the United Restitution danger her future by her intransigent Organisation. Many decisive achievements in policies." He had only quoted President Tito while the composer's biography occupies a and would never personally have stated that very limited amount of space. My review, these three spheres were due to his initiative, courage and imagination. They include not Israel's policy endangered her existence. A deliberately one-sided, has concentrated on the responsible group like the E.C.A.J. "should political aspects which have a special rele­ only the successful fight for material com­ have ascertained the facts before passing vance for readers of this journal. I am fully pensation to the individual victims of Nazi malicious resolutions." aware of the diversity of opinions on this persecution but also the struggle for the restitution to the Jews from Germany of part matter, but I felt that the views of the W.J.C. CANCELS HAGUE MEETING scholarly English author deserve to be taken of the heirless property, which enabled the member organisations of the Council to em­ into consideration. The decision of the World Jewish Congress On the points which Mrs. Bloch raises in bark on widespread constructive social not to hold its world assembly at The Hague her letter I would make these comments: schemes. Yet his work was not restricted to has caused the Dutch Premier, Mr. Joop den these tasks, which stood in the foreground Ugyl, to express his regret. The Premier had 1. Strauss' refusal to take in evacuees has while he held office with the AJR. At the been contemplating addressing the W.J.C. not been described as an act of resistance. same time, he never tired of reminding his meeting and delegates would have been re­ 2. The fact that Strauss' attempts to protect colleagues that we were bearers of a great ceived by Queen Juliana. his Jewish daughter-in-law met with only tradition, and it was in this spirit that gestures The W.J.C. decided not to hold its meeting beyond the "practical" day-to-day work were at The Hague because the number ol limited success is hardly surprising, considering delegates had tumed out to be unexpectedly the regime's extreme fanaticism. In this con­ very near to his heart. 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