210861Orig1s000 211710Orig1s000

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

210861Orig1s000 211710Orig1s000 CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 210861Orig1s000 211710Orig1s000 MULTI-DISCIPLINE REVIEW Summary Review Office Director Cross Discipline Team Leader Review Clinical Review Non-Clinical Review Statistical Review Clinical Pharmacology Review NDA Multidisciplinary Review and Evaluation NDA 210861 and NDA 211710 VITRAKVI (larotrectinib) NDA Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation Application Type NDA Application Number(s) 210861 211710 Priority or Standard Priority Submit Date(s) First module: December 19, 2017; Final module: March 26, 2018 Received Date(s) March 26, 2018 PDUFA Goal Date November 26, 2018 Division/Office DOP 2/OCE Review Completion Date November 26, 2018 Established Name Larotrectinib (Proposed) Trade Name Vitrakvi Pharmacologic Class Kinase inhibitor Code name LOXO-101 Applicant Loxo Oncology, Inc. Formulation(s) Capsule: 25 mg, 100 mg; Solution: 20mg/mL Dosing Regimen Adults and pediatric patients with BSA ≥1 m2: 100 mg orally twice daily Pediatric patients with BSA < 1 m2: 100mg/m2 orally twice daily Applicant Proposed Treatment of adult and pediatric patients with locally advanced Indication(s)/Population(s) or metastatic solid tumors harboring an NTRK gene fusion. Recommendation on Accelerated Approval Regulatory Action Recommended Treatment of adult and pediatric patients with solid tumors Indication(s)/Population(s) that have a neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene (if applicable) fusion without a known acquired resistance mutation, are metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options or whose cancer has progressed following treatment. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on overall response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. 1 Version date: February 1, 2016 for initial rollout (NME/original BLA reviews) Reference ID: 4354090 NDA Multidisciplinary Review and Evaluation NDA 210861 and NDA 211710 VITRAKVI (larotrectinib) Table of Contents Reviewers of Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation ................................................................ 8 Additional Reviewers of Application ............................................................................................... 8 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 13 Product Introduction ...................................................................................................... 13 Conclusions on the Substantial Evidence of Effectiveness ............................................ 14 Benefit-Risk Assessment ................................................................................................ 15 Patient Experience Data ................................................................................................. 23 2 Therapeutic Context .............................................................................................................. 25 Analysis of Condition ...................................................................................................... 25 Analysis of Current Treatment Options ......................................................................... 29 3 Regulatory Background ......................................................................................................... 34 U.S. Regulatory Actions and Marketing History ............................................................. 34 Summary of Presubmission/Submission Regulatory Activity ........................................ 34 4 Significant Issues from Other Review Disciplines Pertinent to Clinical Conclusions on Efficacy and Safety................................................................................................................. 37 Office of Scientific Investigations (OSI) .......................................................................... 37 Product Quality .............................................................................................................. 37 Clinical Microbiology ...................................................................................................... 40 Devices and Companion Diagnostic Issues .................................................................... 40 5 Nonclinical Pharmacology/Toxicology................................................................................... 42 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 42 Referenced NDAs, BLAs, DMFs ....................................................................................... 46 Pharmacology ................................................................................................................. 46 ADME/PK ........................................................................................................................ 52 Toxicology ....................................................................................................................... 55 General Toxicology .................................................................................................. 55 2 Version date: February 1, 2016 for initial rollout (NME/original BLA reviews) Reference ID: 4354090 NDA Multidisciplinary Review and Evaluation NDA 210861 and NDA 211710 VITRAKVI (larotrectinib) Genetic Toxicology .................................................................................................. 64 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology ........................................................ 65 Other Toxicology Studies ........................................................................................ 84 6 Clinical Pharmacology ............................................................................................................ 85 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 85 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 85 Summary of Clinical Pharmacology Assessment ............................................................ 87 Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacokinetics ........................................................ 87 General Dosing and Therapeutic Individualization ................................................. 89 Comprehensive Clinical Pharmacology Review ............................................................. 90 General Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics ................................ 90 Clinical Pharmacology Questions ............................................................................ 94 7 Sources of Clinical Data and Review Strategy ..................................................................... 108 Table of Clinical Studies ................................................................................................ 108 Review Strategy ............................................................................................................ 111 8 Statistical and Clinical Evaluation ........................................................................................ 113 Review of Relevant Individual Trials Used to Support Efficacy .................................... 113 LOXO-TRK-14001 (Version 5) ................................................................................ 113 LOXO-TRK-15002 (Version 7.0) ............................................................................. 118 LOXO-TRK 15003 (Version 8) ................................................................................ 126 Pooled Study Results ............................................................................................. 134 Assessment of Efficacy Across Trials ..................................................................... 149 Integrated Assessment of Effectiveness ............................................................... 153 Review of Safety ........................................................................................................... 154 Safety Review Approach ....................................................................................... 154 Review of the Safety Database ............................................................................. 155 Adequacy of Applicant’s Clinical Safety Assessments .......................................... 159 Safety Results ........................................................................................................ 161 Analysis of Submission-Specific Safety Issues ....................................................... 182 Clinical Outcome Assessment (COA) Analyses Informing Safety/Tolerability ...... 184 Safety Analyses by Demographic Subgroups ........................................................ 184 3 Version date: February 1, 2016 for initial rollout (NME/original BLA reviews) Reference ID: 4354090 NDA Multidisciplinary Review and Evaluation NDA 210861 and NDA 211710 VITRAKVI (larotrectinib) Specific Safety Studies/Clinical Trials .................................................................... 185 Additional Safety Explorations .............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Australian Public Assessment Report for Larotrectinib
    Australian Public Assessment Report for Larotrectinib Proprietary Product Name: Vitrakvi Sponsor: Bayer Australia Limited December 2020 Therapeutic Goods Administration About the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) • The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is part of the Australian Government Department of Health and is responsible for regulating medicines and medical devices. • The TGA administers the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (the Act), applying a risk management approach designed to ensure therapeutic goods supplied in Australia meet acceptable standards of quality, safety and efficacy (performance) when necessary. • The work of the TGA is based on applying scientific and clinical expertise to decision- making, to ensure that the benefits to consumers outweigh any risks associated with the use of medicines and medical devices. • The TGA relies on the public, healthcare professionals and industry to report problems with medicines or medical devices. TGA investigates reports received by it to determine any necessary regulatory action. • To report a problem with a medicine or medical device, please see the information on the TGA website <https://www.tga.gov.au>. About AusPARs • An Australian Public Assessment Report (AusPAR) provides information about the evaluation of a prescription medicine and the considerations that led the TGA to approve or not approve a prescription medicine submission. • AusPARs are prepared and published by the TGA. • An AusPAR is prepared for submissions that relate to new chemical entities, generic medicines, major variations and extensions of indications. • An AusPAR is a static document; it provides information that relates to a submission at a particular point in time. • A new AusPAR will be developed to reflect changes to indications and/or major variations to a prescription medicine subject to evaluation by the TGA.
    [Show full text]
  • Cogent Biosciences Announces Creation of Cogent Research Team
    Cogent Biosciences Announces Creation of Cogent Research Team April 6, 2021 Names industry veteran John Robinson, PhD as Chief Scientific Officer New Boulder-based team with exceptional track record of drug discovery and development focused on creating novel small molecule therapies for rare, genetically driven diseases Strong year-end cash position of $242.2 million supports company goals into 2024, including three CGT9486 clinical trials on-track to start this year, beginning with ASM in 1H21 BOULDER, Colo. and CAMBRIDGE, Mass., April 6, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Cogent Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: COGT), a biotechnology company focused on developing precision therapies for genetically defined diseases, today announced the formation of the Cogent Research Team led by newly appointed Chief Scientific Officer, John Robinson, PhD. "Today marks an important step forward for Cogent Biosciences as we announce the formation of the Cogent Research Team with a focus on discovering and developing new small molecule therapies for patients fighting rare, genetically driven diseases," said Andrew Robbins, President and Chief Executive Officer of Cogent Biosciences. "I am thrilled to welcome John onboard as Cogent Biosciences' Chief Scientific Officer. John's expertise and seasoned leadership make him ideally suited to lead this new team of world class scientists. Given the team's impressive experience and accomplishments, we are excited for Cogent Biosciences' future and the opportunity to expand our pipeline and deliver novel precision therapies for patients." With an exceptional track record of innovation, the Cogent Research Team will focus on pioneering best-in-class, small molecule therapeutics to both improve upon existing drugs with clear limitations, as well as create new breakthroughs for diseases where others have been unable to find solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase II Study of Selumetinib, an Orally Active Inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 Kinases, in KRASG12R-Mutant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phase II study of selumetinib, an orally active inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases, in KRASG12R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3520819s Journal Investigational new drugs, 39(3) ISSN 0167-6997 Authors Kenney, Cara Kunst, Tricia Webb, Santhana et al. Publication Date 2021-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s10637-020-01044-8 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Investigational New Drugs (2021) 39:821–828 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10637-020-01044-8 SHORT REPORT Phase II study of selumetinib, an orally active inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases, in KRASG12R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Cara Kenney1 & Tricia Kunst1 & Santhana Webb1 & Devisser Christina Jr2 & Christy Arrowood3 & Seth M. Steinberg4 & Niharika B. Mettu3 & Edward J. Kim2 & Udo Rudloff1,5 Received: 5 November 2020 /Accepted: 3 December 2020 / Published online: 6 January 2021 # This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020 Summary Background Preclinical evidence has suggested that a subset of pancreatic cancers with the G12R mutational isoform of the KRAS oncogene is more sensitive to MAPK pathway blockade than pancreatic tumors with other KRAS isoforms. We con- ducted a biomarker-driven trial of selumetinib (KOSELUGO™; ARRY-142886), an orally active, allosteric mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor, in pancreas cancer patients with somatic KRASG12R mutations. Methods In this two- stage, phase II study (NCT03040986) patients with advanced pancreas cancer harboring somatic KRASG12R variants who had received at least one standard-of-care systemic therapy regimen received 75 mg selumetinib orally twice a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Patient Group Input Submissions
    CBCN’s 2012 Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient and Caregiver Survey Report: An online survey was distributed to patients living with metastatic breast cancer and their caregivers. No patients surveyed had experience with the treatment under review. Survey questions comprised of a combination of scoring options and free form commentary. Patients were contacted through the membership databases of CBCN and other patient organizations. -71 patients participated in the survey -16 caregivers participated in the survey Printed sources: A review was conducted of current studies and grey literature to identify issues and experiences that are commonly shared among many women living with metastatic breast cancer. 3. Disease Experience Metastatic breast cancer is the spread of cancerous cell growth to areas of the body other than where the cancer first formed. It is most commonly spread to the bones, but can include the lungs, liver, brain and skin. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is breast cancer that is estrogen-receptor-negative, progesterone-receptor-negative and HER2-negative. Accounting for 12-17% of breast cancers, TNBC’s have been shown to be relatively aggressive and display a high risk of metastasis and death within 5 years after diagnosis. TNBC is considered to be vastly heterogeneous and is often used as an umbrella term, encompassing a wide spectrum of entities with marked genetic, transcriptional, histological, and clinical differences. 1 A rare cancer that is more commonly associated with TNBC, is secretory breast carcinomas- a cancer that occurs due to an over secretion of mucin in the tumor. It is considered a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma but is prone to metastasis and local recurrence.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Expression Signatures and Biomarkers of Noninvasive And
    Oncogene (2006) 25, 2328–2338 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/onc ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gene expression signatures and biomarkers of noninvasive and invasive breast cancer cells: comprehensive profiles by representational difference analysis, microarrays and proteomics GM Nagaraja1, M Othman2, BP Fox1, R Alsaber1, CM Pellegrino3, Y Zeng2, R Khanna2, P Tamburini3, A Swaroop2 and RP Kandpal1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 3Bayer Corporation, West Haven, CT, USA We have characterized comprehensive transcript and Keywords: representational difference analysis; micro- proteomic profiles of cell lines corresponding to normal arrays; proteomics; breast carcinoma; biomarkers; breast (MCF10A), noninvasive breast cancer (MCF7) and copper homeostasis invasive breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). The transcript profiles were first analysed by a modified protocol for representational difference analysis (RDA) of cDNAs between MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The majority of genes identified by RDA showed nearly complete con- Introduction cordance withmicroarray results, and also led to the identification of some differentially expressed genes such The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell as lysyl oxidase, copper transporter ATP7A, EphB6, has been correlated to altered expression of a variety of RUNX2 and a variant of RUNX2. The altered transcripts genes (Perou et al., 2000; Becker et al., 2005). The identified by microarray analysis were involved in cell–cell expression of some of these genes is a direct result of or cell–matrix interaction, Rho signaling, calcium home- sequence mutation, whereas other changes occur due to ostasis and copper-binding/sensitive activities.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Master Class Course Best Practices and Expanding Treatment Options in Soft Tissue Sarcomas Including GIST George D
    2020 Master Class Course Best Practices and Expanding Treatment Options in Soft Tissue Sarcomas including GIST George D. Demetri, MD FACP FASCO 1 George D. Demetri, MD Faculty Disclosure • Scientific consultant with sponsored research to Dana-Farber: Bayer, Pfizer, Novartis, Epizyme, Roche/Genentech, Epizyme, LOXO Oncology, AbbVie, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, PharmaMar, Daiichi-Sankyo, AdaptImmune • Scientific consultant: GlaxoSmithKline, EMD-Serono, Sanofi, ICON plc, MEDSCAPE, Mirati, WCG/Arsenal Capital, Polaris, MJ Hennessey/OncLive, C4 Therapeutics, Synlogic, McCann Health • Consultant/SAB member with minor equity holding: G1 Therapeutics, Caris Life Sciences, Erasca Pharmaceuticals, RELAY Therapeutics, Bessor Pharmaceuticals, Champions Biotechnology, Caprion/HistoGeneX • Board of Directors member and Scientific Advisory Board Consultant with minor equity holding: Blueprint Medicines, Translate BIO • Patents/Royalties: Novartis royalty to Dana-Farber for use patent of imatinib in GIST • Non-Financial Interests: AACR Science Policy and Government Affairs Committee Chair, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Faculty of this CE activity may include discussions of products or devices that are not currently labeled for use by the FDA. The faculty have been informed of their responsibility to disclose to the audience if they will be discussing off label or investigational uses (any uses not approved by the FDA) of products or devices. 2 Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Approximate Anatomic Distribution Head and Neck 10% Upper extremities 15% Trunk 10% Retroperitoneal, pelvic and visceral Lower extremities 15% 50% (includes GIST and GYN sarcomas) Modified from Clark MA et al. NEJM 2005;353:701-11 3 Sarcomas represent an exceedingly diverse set of diseases Bone Sarcomas 10% GIST Un- differentiated Liposarcomas Leiomyo- Sarcomas 4 Ducimetiere et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Caspase 6 Disconnects Intermediate Filament-Binding Domain of Periplakin from Its Actin-Binding N-Terminal Region
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Breaking the Connection: Caspase 6 Disconnects Intermediate Filament-Binding Domain of Periplakin from its Actin-Binding N-Terminal Region Andrey E. Kalinin,Ã Alexandr E. Kalinin,Ã Mikko Aho,w Jouni Uitto,w and Sirpa Ahow ÃLaboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; wDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Periplakin is a member of the plakin family of cytolinkers that connect cytoskeletal networks to each other as well as to the cell junctional complexes. Here, we demonstrate a direct molecular interaction between actin and pe- riplakin. Furthermore, the oligomerization state of periplakin was shown to determine specificity of its binding to intermediate filaments (IF) in vitro. Both the filament association and the cell membrane localization of periplakin were confirmed in the cells overexpressing human periplakin. Double labeling of the N- and C-terminally tagged periplakin revealed unexpected lack of co-localization of periplakin ends in a confluent culture, and separation of the periplakin ends was even more pronounced in apoptotic cells. Western analysis revealed that after induction of apoptosis, periplakin becomes cleaved close to its C-terminal tail. Only the distinct cleavage products, but not the full-length periplakin, were present in the cells detached from the solid support during the apoptotic process. We show that caspase 6 cleaves periplakin at an unconventional recognition site, amino acid sequence TVAD. Thus, the separation of periplakin ends disconnects the actin-binding head-rod domain from the IF-binding C-terminal domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Podocytes Mature Into Vascularized Glomeruli Upon Experimental Transplantation
    BASIC RESEARCH www.jasn.org Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Podocytes Mature into Vascularized Glomeruli upon Experimental Transplantation † Sazia Sharmin,* Atsuhiro Taguchi,* Yusuke Kaku,* Yasuhiro Yoshimura,* Tomoko Ohmori,* ‡ † ‡ Tetsushi Sakuma, Masashi Mukoyama, Takashi Yamamoto, Hidetake Kurihara,§ and | Ryuichi Nishinakamura* *Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, and †Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; ‡Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; §Division of Anatomy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and |Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kumamoto, Japan ABSTRACT Glomerular podocytes express proteins, such as nephrin, that constitute the slit diaphragm, thereby contributing to the filtration process in the kidney. Glomerular development has been analyzed mainly in mice, whereas analysis of human kidney development has been minimal because of limited access to embryonic kidneys. We previously reported the induction of three-dimensional primordial glomeruli from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here, using transcription activator–like effector nuclease-mediated homologous recombination, we generated human iPS cell lines that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the NPHS1 locus, which encodes nephrin, and we show that GFP expression facilitated accurate visualization of nephrin-positive podocyte formation in
    [Show full text]
  • And Salivary Gland Cancers
    Larotrectinib is highly active in patients with advanced recurrent TRK fusion thyroid (TC) and salivary gland cancers (SGC) Wirth L, 1 Drilon A, 2 Albert CM, 3 Farago A, 1 el-Diery W, 4 Ma P, 5 Sohal D, 6 Raez L, 7 Baik C, 8 Brose MS, 9 Doebele R, 10 Cox MC, 11 Ku N, 11 Hong D 12 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; 3Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA; 4Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; 5West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; 6Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 7Memorial Cancer Institute, Pembroke Pines, FL; 8University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; 9University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; 10 University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; 11 Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA; 12 M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX Abstract # 20570 Introduction Patient and disease characteristics Adverse events with larotrectinib: ≥15% in safety database (n=125) n TRK fusions, involving the genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 , occur in a broad range of solid Characteristic Total N=19 Treatment-emergent AEs (%) Treatment-related AEs (%) tumors and are oncogenic: Median age (range), years 59 (15 –75) Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Total Grade 3 Grade 4 Total – Targeted inhibition of TRK can be an effective antitumor approach Female, n 7 (37%) Fatigue 15 18 5–38 1–18 ECOG 0 –1 19 (100%) n Larotrectinib is the first selective pan-TRK inhibitor in clinical development and has demonstrated Dizziness 22 42–27
    [Show full text]
  • “Deciphering the Genetic Architecture of Prolificacy Related Traits in an Experimental Iberian X Meishan F2 Intercross”
    UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments Facultat de Veterinària “Deciphering the genetic architecture of prolificacy related traits in an experimental Iberian x Meishan F2 intercross” Ingrid Balcells Ortega PhD Thesis June, 2012 Supervisors: Armand Sánchez and Anna Tomás El Dr. Armand Sánchez Bonastre, catedràtic del Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona i la Dra. Anna Tomás Sangenís, investigadora en la Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears de Mallorca CERTIFIQUEN: Que l’Ingrid Balcells Ortega ha realitzat sota la seva direcció el treball de recerca “Deciphering the genetic architecture of prolificacy related traits in an experimental Iberian x Meishan F2 intercross” per a obtenir el grau de doctora per la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Que aquest treball s’ha dut a terme al Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments de la Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra, 11 de Maig de 2012 Dr. Armand Sánchez Bonastre Dra. Anna Tomás Sangenís ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Durant la realització d’aquesta tesi, han sigut moltes les persones que m’han acompanyat, tan a nivell professional com personal. Totes elles han aportat el seu granet de sorra per a que aquest projecte hagi tirat endavant i han fet que pugui recordar aquesta etapa amb un gran somriure a la cara. Als meus directors de tesi, el doctor Armand Sánchez i la doctora Anna Tomás. Per tota la confiança que heu dipositat en mi, per tots els coneixements que m’heu transmès, per donar-me copets a l’esquena en els moments de més desànim (sobretot en aquests últims mesos) i per mil coses més.
    [Show full text]
  • Subcellular Distribution of Envoplakin and Periplakin
    Subcellular Distribution of Envoplakin and Periplakin: Insights into Their Role as Precursors of the Epidermal Cornified Envelope Teresa DiColandrea, Tadashi Karashima, Arto Määttä, and Fiona M. Watt Keratinocyte Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, England Abstract. Envoplakin and periplakin are two plakins moplakin, that of periplakin localized to desmosomes; that are precursors of the epidermal cornified envelope. however, in addition, the periplakin NH2 terminus ac- We studied their distribution and interactions by trans- cumulated at cell surface microvilli in association with fection of primary human keratinocytes and other cells. cortical actin. Endogenous periplakin was redistributed Full-length periplakin localized to desmosomes, the in- from microvilli when keratinocytes were treated with terdesmosomal plasma membrane and intermediate the actin disrupting drug Latrunculin B. We propose filaments. Full length envoplakin also localized to des- that whereas envoplakin and periplakin can localize in- mosomes, but mainly accumulated in nuclear and cyto- dependently to desmosomes, the distribution of en- plasmic aggregates with associated intermediate fila- voplakin at the interdesmosomal plasma membrane de- ments. The envoplakin rod domain was required for pends on heterodimerization with periplakin and that aggregation and the periplakin rod domain was neces- the NH2 terminus of periplakin therefore plays a key sary and sufficient to redistribute envoplakin to desmo- role in forming the scaffold on which the cornified
    [Show full text]
  • Presentación De Powerpoint
    Molecular Tumor Board in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Jordi Remon Masip CIOCC Barcelona – HM Delfos @JordiRemon #SEOM20 Disclosure Information I do not have COI related to this specific presentation Why do we need a MTB in NSCLC? • Introduction • To understand the genomic profile from NGS reports • To prioritize the druggable genomic alteration: baseline / resistant • Increasing the detection of potential druggable genomic alterations • To include patients in basket trials • NGS is a reality but MTB and precision approach have challenges MTB is included in one equation MOLECULAR TUMOR BOARD Y MTB is included in one equation GENOMIC MOLECULAR TUMOR PROFILE BOARD X + Y MTB is included in one equation GENOMIC MOLECULAR TUMOR PERSONALISED PROFILE BOARD TREATMENT X + Y = Z Precision oncology in practice EGFR TKI Find actionable gens with ALK/ROS1 TKI approved therapy BRAF TKI Find actionable genes for RET / NTRK TKI clinical trials MET TKI Precision oncology in practice EGFR TKI Find actionable gens with ALK/ROS1 TKI approved therapy BRAF TKI Find actionable genes for RET / NTRK TKI clinical trials MET TKI Additional information about non-actionable gene mutations prognostic markers of sensitivity Two major steps in NSCLC outcome Immunotherapy Personalised treatment, ALK+: 5-y OS, KEYNOTE 024 Trial 5-y OS, ALEX trial Median OS, HR, (95%CI) 5-Year OS Rate, Median OS, HR, (95%CI) 5-Year OS Rate, mo % mo % 26.3 0.62 31.9 Not reached 0.67 63 13.4 (0.48-0.81) 16.7 57.4 (0.46-0.98) 46 Alectinib 26.4% Crizotinib Pembrolizumab Chemotherapy Brahmer – ESMO 2020 Mok – Annls of Oncology 2020 Number of oncogenes increases over time NTRK rearrangement Figure from Garrido – CTO 2019 (modified based on updated ESMO guidelines 2020 by Planchard et al.) Number of oncogenes increases over time NRG1 KRAS RET MET HER2 UN NTRK rearrangement Coming Future….
    [Show full text]