THE VANDERBILT OR IENTA L SERIES

E D IT E D B Y

H R E RT C USHI G TOL E E R TE E E B N MAN A ND JAM S H N Y S V NSON

ASSYRIAN

AND BABYLONIAN CONTRACTS

W ITH

ARAMAIC REFERENCE NOTES

N B Y J A M E S E N R Y S T E E S O N PH . D . H V ,

P r of ess o r in Va nd er bilt Univers ity .

NE W YOR K : CI NCINNA TI : CHICAGO AME R I CAN BOOK COMPANY OP R G T 1902 C Y I H ,

JAM ES H E N R Y ST E VE NSON E — P 1 FA PRE CE .

IN the present v o l ume all the cuneiform tablets in the British Museum having Aramaic inscriptions , are brought together for the first time , and arranged for purposes Of comparative study .

The cuneiform texts with their Aramaic readings ,

o n e as they appear the tablet , are r produced with as much fidelity as possible ; and the individual Ara d maic texts appear separately in a bo y of notes ,

w . here each is discussed . The reader is requested to compare the legends in both places , as it may some

in times happen the process of etching , that the orig inal is more faithfully produced in o ne place than in

o f inscri the other . The entire corpus Aramaic p tions will be found grouped together at the close of the cuneiform texts , where readings may be com

Of pared , the development the alphabet traced , and the individual peculiarities of the scribes noted . In the transliteration and translation the cuneiform

r o f O der is followed , so that the line for line the As

d isad syrian may be preserved . This has Obvious

w . vantages , but I think the advantages out eigh them I have not thought it necessary to mark all accent d d E . ed letters , as , , etc , nor have I usually indicated long vowels when they were not indicated by the (3) 1 1 0 6 8 8 4 PR EFACE .

scribe . In the translation I have generally shown the constituent elements o f proper names where these were certain . I desire to acknowledge the uniform courtesy which I received while copying these tablets in the British

. . W Museum , from Dr E . A allace Budge , keeper Of

Assyrian and Egyptian antiquities , as well as from his assistants . Every facility and encouragement was given me toward making the collectiom com

lete p . b I am inde ted to my instructor , Prof . Robert

Francis Harper , for valuable suggestions and help

W . while studying these texts . Rev . C . H . Johns ,

’ M . A . , lecturer in Assyriology in Q ueen s College ,

Cambridge , has also laid me under Obligation by reading the greater part o f this book in the proof

o n Of sheets . While this kindness the part Dr . Har t per and Mr . Johns is highly apprecia ed , yet neither o f them is to be held responsi ble for opinions ex pressed here .

I . . . Parts , II , and IV Of this book were originally presented to the University o f Chicago for the ( le

f. gree of doctor o philosophy .

ND E R L T U N VE R S TY VA BI I I ,

N as h ille Tenn Ma rc h 28 1902 . v , , , , B F TA LE O CONTENTS .

PR EFAC E TABL E OF CONTE NTS L IST O F A BB R EVIATIONS R E G ISTE R O F TAB L ETS INTR OD U CTION ASSYR IAN TE XTS TRANSL ITE RATE D A ND T RANSLAT E D BABYL O NIAN T E XTS T RA NL ITE R A TE D A ND T RANSLATE D ARAMAIC R E F E RE NCE NOTES R EG ISTE R O F P R O PE R NAM ES C UNE IF O R M A ND A RAMAIC TE XTS LI OF ABB EVIA I ST R T ONS .

B r eissn r P. M e B ei r B . . t a e zum A ltba A . , g bylonischen Pri tr cht L ei z i 93 va e 18 . , p g,

— le n i o r u d . Pe K F . E s . h B R . J er u A . . A s d em , B a bylonischen echtsleben L ei z i 1 890 B , p g, , f f .

— o ns Ass ria n D eed s n A D . . J h a d D . . H W D ocu . . C m , y ents,

9 o l . 8 8 V s . n o l b rid e 1 a d . 1 90 1 m . V I . a . , C g , ; II III ,

— i l i u nd l B . B r o o e ver A . eitr age zu r Assy g g eichend en sem

itischen S r a chwissenscha t hera us ebebcn v on Fri ric h p f , g ed Delitzsc h u n P Lei z i 1 890 d a ul Ha u t . p , p g, , f f

B A — . . L . A l . H. Sayc e; The Sem itic Series : B a by onia ns a nd A ss ria ns L 0 e a nd s 90 . y , if Cu toms, New Y o rk , 1

B — V. F . . E . P i e ser B a b lonische Ver tr e Ber lin 1 890 . , y ag , ,

' — C. I . S . Cor us I nscri tionu m S emitica rum De Vo ue Pa r is p p , g , 1881 , f f .

— D c . Ju o n J . O er t n D cu ments Ju rid i u es a d . Mena n o pp J t, q

’ d e t Ass rie et d e la ha y C td ee.

— G . I . A . S i . i ns A . C o ok A Glossa r th ra m a ic I nscr t o , y of e A p , C a mb ri e 1 898. dg ,

G A — . S . . J . A . Knud tz o n Gebete a n d en onnen ott Lei zi , S g , p g, 893 1 .

— H. IV. B . Frie ric h D elitz sc h A ss risches Ha nd w or ter bu ch d , y , L ei zi 9 — 9 18 4 1 6. p g, 8

J B A — J u l a l a c . . S . o r na o the Ro A si tic S o iet N i . e Ser e f y y , w s , L o n o n 1 865 d , , f f .

— h r ch r r K r linschr i tlich B K B . Eb er a S a e c e ibliothek B er , d d , f , lin 18 9 8 . , , f f

Muss - A rn l — Mu ss- Ar no lt A Con cise D ictiona r o the o t W . , y f li 1894 s a n u a e B er n . A s yria n L g g , , , f f

— i 1 i s l ssa r B l n 90 . Ph . Gl . A . Blo c h , P hcenic sche G o , er , 8 (6) L ST O F R V T N I ABB E IA IO S . 7

— P Ph . S r . a ul Sc hro er D ie P h onizisehe S r a che Ha ll p d , p , e,

1 869 .

— Pr ( in P. S . B . A . oeee l s o the S ociet o B iblica l A r chaeolo g f y f gy, Lo n o n 1872 d , , f f .

— L P h ni i h M . . t Ph S A . e o z sc e S u d i n . e B resl a u 1850 vy , , , , f f .

— L D i N bd . K . . a ll v is t e S r a ch S r . T e d er n c p q , p Co tr a te Na hu

’ id s na .

— m a i r B a b lonische Str . II . N . ra ss e Texte. I nschri ten J St , y f von

i 1 — 1 N a bonid u s L ei z 887 889 . , p g,

— m er B a b lonisch ext I nschr Str I I ra ss a i e T e. ten . L J . N . St , y if

i z i 1 889 on N a bu chod onosor Le . n , p g,

— i ner S u lement eu d en A ss rischen Warter S u t. Br . Me ss pp , pp y

buchern Lei en 1898. , d ,

— B zo l Zeitschr t ur A ss riolo ie Lei z i 1886 . A . e Z . C . d , if f y g , p g, , ff

' — w linso n une orm I nsc ri tions o A I . [IL . R a C W. . , H. C , if p f

Western As ia L o n o n 1870 . , d , GI F ABL RE STER O T ETS .

- 81 24 ,

81 - 2

- - 81 7 1 1 , 1 51 5 .

82 - 3

82 - 3

- - 82 5 22 ,

- - 82 5 22,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 - 1 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 7 4, 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

- 82 9 18, 49 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 - 9 - 1 8 50 a 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

- 82 9 1 8, 5 1 31

- - 8 95 A 82 9 1 , 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

- 1 3 1 O O 9 8 0 O O O O O O 82 3 O O O O O O , O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

- 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 9 1 8,

- 9 - 18 4034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

83 - 1 - 1 8 .

- - 334 Sm . 921 83 1 1 8,

5 - - 33 Sm . 9 7 88 1 1 8, 8

- - 6 - 1 345 76 10 1 , 1 7 83 1 8,

- - - 1 - 35 79 4 19 , 3 83 18, 0

- - - - 80 7 19 , 52 83 1 18, 385

- - 3 1 - 1 387 80 7 19 , 348 8 8,

- - 89 - 1 -14 257 80 1 1 12 , 1290 0 ,

- - 9 1 -5 9 1 2 Bu . 8 81 2 4, 147 , DU INTRO CTION .

THE tablets which are here autographed are select ed from the di fferent collections o f the British Muse um because they constitute a group in which appear “ ” - the so called Aramaic dockets . These have been a subject Of especial interest since the early days Of As s riolo y gy , when they were first noticed and discussed i a 1 864. by S r H . C . R wlinson in The o f work collecting , collating, and editing the s wa s u a 1 89 6 eries ndert ken in , at the suggestion of f E . . W o Dr . A allace Budge , keeper Assyrian and a in Egyptian ntiquities the British Museum , and

h e . under t direction Of my respected teacher , Prof

R . F . Harper , Of Chicago University . At that time about half o f the tablets had been

i W . . I . published by S r H . C . Rawlinson in A , “ D eVO ii é Inscri . a nd Vol . III , by M . g in Corpus p ” tionum emitica r um Pa r s S ceu ncla Tomus I . S , ,

W . v . . Since my copies were made the Re . C H

A . o M . f Johns , , Cambridge , England , has published “ ” o f . a valuable collection contracts , etc , in which h also a number Of these Assyrian texts appear , t ough without the Aramaic readings .

At the time when these ta blets were copied by me , fourteen o f them had not yet been published , and four only in part . At present , ten , I believe , appear for the fir st time . to eth The work was undertaken in order to bring g er ih o ne collection , for comparison and study , all (9) 1 0 NTR CT N I ODU IO .

” contracts having Aramaic readings , and I think

in this respect the collection is complete . It is , so far w as I kno , the first and only attempt in this direction , and I hope that thereby material is furnished which will throw light o n the language o f the SO - cal led “ ” “ dockets . I use the term , Aramaic Reference N ” m otes , which I think ore nearly describes the con e Of t nts these fragmentary inscriptions . As for the general character o f the work done o n ‘ these inscriptions by the Corpus Inscr iptionum Sem ” iticarum o ne or , no testimony is here necessary ; but fl n two tri i g defects may b e noted . The work is not a nd complete , . hence much material that might have been useful in drawing general conclusions is want o f ing . In the second place , the Aramaic part the work seems to have received much more attention l than the cuneiform , and consequently the atter has ff su ered . The text and translation do not al ways co m e from the same source , and sometimes it seems

that they have not been carefully compared . The o f text and transliteration for example , are o n o f given page fourteen , the transliteration the ’ : [I u nu le f u t - - On the first line reading A a h leil a n su . Opposite page is the translation given by Oppert :

utakkil - Sigillum M Marduk . K On o f . 76 page seventeen the text is given , and in ’

m W . . I . . line six a istake Of Rawlinson s , in A , III ,

is reproduced ; that is , the two Signs for the second in h o f h in . word , , c ange places The same want comparison between transliteration and translation 320 1 3 . w e appears in this case also . In K , p . f , have

a m tu sa t- la t the word read , but read again correct T are fl 20 . 281 . l K . y in , p hese errors tri ing in them NTR T N I ODUC IO . 1 1

selves , but indicate a grave defect in the plan and o f o f NO oversight this part the work . serious effort m t o was ade reproduce the Aramaic script, which so o f varies considerably with the date the tablet , and hence makes an important contribution not only to o f alseo ra h the study p g p y , but likewise to text in ter re a io n p t t . The first important attempt to interpret con ” r O ert t acts was made by pp and Menant , in a work “ ’ called Documents J uridiques de l A ssyrie et de la

1 877 . T Chaldee , published in his work , consider e ing the material then available , is accurate in a r ha s markable degree , and formed the starting point o f for all subsequent studies Of this class tablets . Many readings which have since been made o ut by re o f . a the syllabaries , etc , , course , undetermined

ka - l ' a d a tabu i u u ézi Such as , for example , for , and gg g fo r i a rr u ni i a r il :u ni to g , ( or p , as Peiser prefers read to it . ) A commendable attempt is also made repro o duce the Arama ic script Just as it appears n the tablet . o f As indicated above , this furnishes some evidence d the ate Of the tablet , and at the Same time provides data for the independent investigation o f the read u exce ings . The texts sed are , without important p ’ er t o f . O tions , those Rawlinson s pp has continued d to t to o splendid work in this field down the presen , and many valuable contributions from his pen have “ fur appeared in Zeitschrift Assyriologie , as well as in other publications . I Shall have occasion to notice later his interpretation of the very Obscure

6— 1 0 — 1 7 6 1 7 . text , , ’ ” Rawlinson s texts o f the contracts appeared in

1 870 . l . . W . . I . Vo A , III , in These texts exhibit a 1 2 NTR CT I ODU ION .

o f remarkable degree accuracy . Assyriology has ’ made wonderful strides Since Rawlinson s time , and most o f his texts have been copied and collated again

to . and again , but only to bear witness his genius

Very few corrections have been made , and these only where familiarity with formul ae has suggested the o f o reading broken r rubbed Signs . ’ Rawlinson s treatment o f a number of the Ar amaic readings discussed in this book is worthy o f more ub than a passing mention . His work which was p lish ed in the Journal Of the Royal Asiatic Society in

1 64 . 8 . I I . N . S . , Vol , Part , has since formed the basis of all treatment of these legends . The contribution there made to knowledge is remarkable for its in u m sight , and s bsequent study has , in a large easure , ’ vindicated Rawlinson s conclusion . ‘ At the time this work was done the claims of AS Syriologists were met with Skepticism in many quar o ne ters , and it was hoped at time that corroborative evidence for cuneiform readings might be found in the Aramaic . After some study , Rawlinson confess

his - es doubts in words that are well nigh prophetic . “ : l so - o He says In rea ity , the called Ph enician key has added but very little t o o ur knowle dge o f either o r a nd n the Assyrian alphabet language , I can ot ” therefore regard it as Of any essential value . How ih true these words are is witnessed by the fact that , o f stead the Aramaic proving a help to us , the reverse is the case , and we are obliged not infrequently to turn to a the cuneiform for an interpret tion Of the Aramaic . l i th e d ana t Raw inson expla ned word 11 31 , , which

na danu he derived from the Assyrian word , , as a “ ” “ ” o r noun , meaning gift , sale . N TR CT I ODU ION . 1 8

D eVogiié says it is an Assyrian word from the ‘ RJ T n) He stem , which has the same meaning as i . in o r brew Aramaic . This word is now known to mean “ ” ” o r document , tablet , and to correspond to the n i u Assyrian d a n t . of Cook , in the body his Aramaic Glossary, “ ” “ o r gives the definition , a selling, document ; “ ” but in his corrections he gives only the definition “ ” “ ” o f contract , record sale , and seems to follow ’ Winckler s explanation which connects it with the “ ” “ N . abataean word , Njfl , agreement , contract

Rawlinson finds some difficulty with the word a mtu .

Sa l - la t He reads the cuneiform as two Signs , , but

s u Eu . notes that the suffix attached is , not This leads him to the accurate suggestion that this word “

no t t Tauranian . does end in , but is a compound Subsequent study has proved the correctness o f this

o . . . conclusion . It is worthy f note here that C I S which acknowledges its indebtedness to Rawlinson’ s of study these readings , transliterates this Sign in ‘ a Sa l - la t- Isu it the s me place , , though reproduces it

m i~ u a t § . correctly , , elsewhere The next work o f importance dealing with con ” “ a In tracts , work already referred to , is Corpus ” ’ scri tio num emiticar um Pa rs S eeu naa Tomu s I . p S , , This work was underta ken principally on account of the Aramaic , yet since the cuneiform also found a place it is a pity that this part of the work was not done more carefully . “ u The following contracts are discussed , tho gh l either text o r trans ation , and sometimes both , are

424 83 — 1 — 1 8 : . 3788 . 5 which latter wanting K , K , , (

81 — 2 — 4 the editor says Mr . Pinches copied for him ) ; , 1 4 NT N I RODUCTIO .

1 52 1 — 2— 4 395 8 . , also copied by Pinches ; and , The fol lowing correction Of the numbering may be of serv 6 2 . 542 O . 424 O . : N K 4 K . 5 c N 27 ice , should be ;

0 5 Old 2 O 3 K . 5 5 8 8 N . called , an number , Should be ; ,

Al us ei B r itannici 1 1 88 . 88 , Should be Rm ( did the d M . NO . 3 . B 7 e itor confuse the letters Rm with , 9 1 2 8 K . 85 9 . called , should be

Two important works are from the pen of Dr . F .

“ ' E . Peiser . Babylonische Vertrage , published in

1 890 o f - e , contains the texts forty S ven tablets from transla the Berlin Museum , the transliteration and tion o f one hundred and twenty - one tablets from the

— Berlin Museum , thirty four from the British Muse o n um , and an introduction judicial matters among

o f . the Babylonians , by Prof . J . Kohler , Berlin

o f K eilinschriftlic he Volume IV . the Bibliothek ,

. S edited by Dr Eberhard chrader , contains the trans e a nd o f lit ration translation , by the same author , a vast number o f ta blets dating from the earliest down to the latest times . To these must be added Aus dem Babylonischen ” Rechtsleben , edited by Prof . J . Kohler and Dr . o f Peiser , containing the translation a large number “ ” o f Of contracts , with discussion problems relating ’ o thereto . Dr . P iser s work marks an epoch in the “ ” o f study contract literature , and he is deserving Of praise for the scientific manner in which that work is done .

A very important work , and the only one dealing with the Old Babylonian contracts ” before the last ’ a mentioned volume by Peiser , is Meissner s Beitr ge ” 1 3 89 . zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht , Leipzig, Of important text publications we may mention NTR CTI I ODU ON . 1 5

N W . . I first , those of Rawlinson and orris , in A . , II I . l . 1 Vo 870 . , published in ’ Strassmaier s voluminous work on Babylonian texts furnishes a vast amount of material for the lexicog h ” ra er . N p His Inschriften von abonidus , was pub i h d 1 l s e 889 . in These texts were the basis of Dr . K . ’ Tall vi L . q st s valuable contribution to the grammar “ “ of and lexicography the later contracts , viz . , Die Sprache der Contracte Nabu ’ hn . . W . o s s AS Rev C H . J excellent volume of “

c . syrian contra ts , etc , containing seven hundred

1 898. and sixteen texts , was published in Aside ’ from Strassma ier s texts ( which were all Babylo “ nian ), this is the largest single collection of con has tracts yet published , and Mr . Johns well de served the thanks Of all Assyriologists for the rich mass Of material therewith supplied . The principal difficulty in the way of interpretation of “ contracts ” heretofore has been the paucity Of texts . Happily, ffi no w this di culty is , in a large measure , removed , ’ o hns s and when we hear from Mr . J second volume no doubt many obscure phrases will be cleared up . His work should be especially valuable for the o f study the eponym canon , supplying as it does , quite a number of new archons . It will also serve well in the study of the difficult subject Of proper names . ’ ohns all Of Mr . J s plan of avoiding shading broken parts and restoring undoubted readings within brack ets has much to commend it , and it certainly presents o n a fairer page ; but the whole , I doubt its expedi ency . There is always present the danger of missing a bracket ; and I believe students will prefer to know 1 6 INTR ODUCTION .

On to of exactly what is a tablet , even the extent a broken wedge . A very commendable feature Of this vol ume is the arrangement o f material according to contents rather than chronology . When the student is endeavor tO a a d van ing solve formul e or phrases , it is a great tage to have numerous examples at hand . This ar rangement , especially when tablets are dated , has nearly everything in its favor . “ The Babylonian Expedition of the University of ” 1 898 X . . I Pennsylvania , Vol , which appeared in , l Of contains , besides an introduction , a valuable ist n proper ames , transliteration and translation of a few “ ” tWent texts , about one hundred and y contract tab lets relating to the business affairs of the Murashu

a . and sons , dated in the reigns of Art xerxes I Da rius II . Hil recht Drs . p and Clay have been at great pains s to reproduce the individual peculiarities of the text , ' of and have succeeded well . The composition the n n Sig s showi g , as they do , a tendency toward sim plifi catio n in the late period from which these tablets ’ come , the special characteristics of each scribe s writ emissio ns ing , the erasures , the , even the traces of a

l a poor stylus , are all , in the interest of pa eography , indicated o r reproduced as nearly as such things can be reproduced by the pen . Very especial interest attaches itself to the fact two a NOS . 71 that in this volume there are t blets ,

66 - inscri and a , with fairly well preserved Aramaic p e tions , whil on others there are traces of Aramaic letters written with ink . The volume in question exhibits everywhere the

8 INTR ODUCTION .

With each reading will be found the various in ter r etations p that have been suggested , and a com ara iv o f p t e table the inscriptions is also added . It was my original intention to arrange these tablets o acc rding to contents , but there were SO few Of each kind that it was thought better to abandon this plan o f in favor a chronological arrangement , even though many are without date . I desire here to call attention to one or two matters of u o f interest noted d ring the study the texts . The “ ” an o f word p , in presence , which appears before the w “ ” name Of each itness , was translated witness long

a o O ert . g by pp I have retained the later definition , “ ” and have uniformly translated , before . But I wish to mention here an interesting fact , with some possi o n ble bearing this reading , noted in a hurried exam ’

hn O . 3 5 . 1 2 m . o s S . N 8 i ation Of Mr J texts In , R , after “ Na har u 7 SI the names Of seven witnesses we read , p 1 6 o 4 6 . o f l . N . (p . ) etc ; and in , R , after the names “ h l Na aru 6 SI . Sa . six witnesses , p (p ) etc ; and in 1 4 o f N 446 . o , R , after the names five witnesses , Na har 33 1 6 3 50 u 5 SI . . . . p etc ( Cf , R ; , R 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 4 6 . 6 4 8 . 2 500 391 . 1 7 408 . ; , R ; , R ; , R ; , R ; ,

. 3 637 . R ; , R How this sign should be read , I am not certain , but it is evidently a noun referring ” to the witnesses , and seems to mean either witness “ ” a i . B . n or . . person Peiser , in K , reads p , zeugen

NO 30 82 — — a b . 9 1 8 50 a a ttu m In ( , ) occurs the word , the second syllable of which was regarded by Tallq d b d N . ur . O s S . vi t in p as uncertain tablet , where the word appears in both the cuneiform and the Ara ' h uts t e . O maic , p reading beyond doubt ther occur rences o f the word are interesting NT I R ODUCTION . 1 9

- i NO . 201 i i a a Str . . : b t t S II , Kaspi di kabal ali Sa ~ a - - a na bat tum .

Of This is followed by a list debtors , with the amount owed by each .

m O 523 : 40 sul u u Sa Itti- N . gur pp Marduk balata 7" m apil su Sa Nabu ahe iddin apil E - gi bi 7 " m i na muh hi Bel uball it apil - Su Sa Bu u ” za a il 7 Ba nu nu a ” p ina Kislimi ina Babili ina muh - bi n aru i- nam - din e- lat u - an- tim mah - ri - t um Sa a - na a - bat- tum Sa immeri Bel - idd in- na

752 : 4 b it e Str . . II , } mani kaspi a na kar 1 0 Sikl u a na a bat tum ” 7” d “ 7 Nabu zer ukin u Nu r - SamaS

r III 30 6 : 2 Tall vist : 0 0 a b attum . St . . (quoted by q ) gur

From these passages it seems that a be tinm was

Sheep fodder o r w ool stored in houses in the city .

45 m e— me- u i of In K . 8 the form occurs instead ” 246 = . . . m a m mmana . . a m na a , anyone (Cf A D D ,

’ — — - — — m u i Su n u 41 8 . 6 . 4 tu u m e e R , , and , R , where the

— form m a - ma - nu — Su nu interchanges as above , with m the regular m a n a .

Another interesting phrase , one of the words of which , so far as I have noticed , is always written ide

- — - - u i hi ll l i eu cu a u i i GIL u . ograp ca y S Z p , This last i a rr uni i a ra word I read g , while Peiser has read it p 1 392 Zun i ee Briinno w NO . 1 390 . ( S , and , where the u a r aleu is are values gur and p [with ] , respectively, NT T N 20 I RODUC IO .

ed the i - a - - - given . ) I have not forms g r ru u u i and

i - a - r i-ku -u i a cc m a p , but in neither case are they o p u n nied by the word iea le p a i . The following examples

are taken from A . D . D

Man - nu Sa a - na U r - kI S a - na ma - te - ma e- la a n- ni m - A ur - - - ln u . s mu , etc , itti kin u apli Su - b u i - - ru - u- ni kur gar , etc .

Man - nu Sa ina] ma - te - e- ma ina ar - kat

- - - - ln u . Sa e an ni , etc , la ” di - e— nu dabahu itti Apli - a - a u apls i - gar - r u- u - mi i- kab - b u - u - ui- ma - a kas - b u ga - mur

- ta . la din , etc

Man - nu Sa ina ar - kat ume ina ma - te - ( ma ) - b u e- - an - ni l u- u kur ] la , etc . Sa e- la - an - ni di - e— nu dabahu ”‘ iStu pan Apli - a u a ple- Su i— gar - r u- u - ui i- kab - b u - u - ui ma - a kas - b u la ga - mur la ta - ad - din

Di — e- nu] d ab ab u la - a S- Su man]— nu Sa ina ur - kiS ina [ma - te - ma] i- pa - ri - ku - u - ni e man kaspi .

From these and other passages I con c lude that it is uru or a r dleu not clear whether we should read , g , p . ’ ll Peiser s D . I Mr . Johns , in A . D . , , follows read u ’ a r u bta u . ing , and holds that g is a synonym for Another passage o f special interest because of its

— — 1 83 1 1 8 3 38 . 2 Obscurity occurs in , , R

sib - tu b e- e- nu a - na 1 0 0 ti m e sa - ar - tu a - na kal sanatI NTR U T N I OD C IO . 21 I have examined over a dozen of these passages and have found the following variations :

1 : sibt a ana 1 00 ti me sartu ana kal ume

2 : sib tu b ien u ana 1 00 ume sa rtu ana kal ti m e

i 0 u 3 . s b tu b ienu ana 1 0 me a u e sartu ana ark t m .

B Peiser translates the phrase in K . Die Kopf steur ist bezahlt fiir 1 00 Tage die eintragungsportel ”

fu . . A . r . . S alle jahre Johns , in P B interprets as , follows : The profit o r service for o ne hundred days ” shall be the compensation for every year . That is , o f the slave , instead a full service , shall compound for ’ ’ the year s work by o ne hundred days service . The “ ” sa r tu sar tenu . is the fine imposed by the , judge In thirteen occurrences of this phrase which I have o f examined , I have noted that in nine them male or l female slaves are sold , and in four , presumab y the f contract describes the sale o slaves . In nine cases

e. this phrase occurs after the forfeit passage , as g

4 man ekas[pi] 2 manehurasi sakr u ina bur[ki Ninip] “l aSib K alhi iSSak an ib tu . [ ] s , etc In two cases it occurs just before this forfeit clause and in three cases not only after the forfeit clause but after the statement

a l i Ina d ini su idab ubma l i akk .

e It would seem , ther fore , that this is another provi NTR T N 22 I ODUC IO .

o f Sion the forfeit clause , rather than a regulation

a . . concerning t xes , as Dr Peiser suggests

f . I W . . A somewhat dif erent passage Occurs in A , 3 32 I 49 NO . III P . . , , line , which may throw light on

the phrase under discussion . It reads

u lli Sa Si nnI Stu Istu pan sartu kata sibta hab .

A complete summary Of the discussion of this much

II . . . D . I disputed phrase will be found in A . D , , p ’ 3 : 91 f . Oppert s rendering is gi ven as follows Vol untas libera et quies ad centum dies est conditio ad ” “ mm or omnes a os ; , again in Das Assyrische Land ” “ 6 : . . X . . 2 8 W recht, Z A III , p illensfreiheit und Ruhe fiir hundert Tage dieses ist der Obligatio fur alle ”

B . . 1 b . W . . . 08 Ja re Prof Delitzsch , in H , p b , quotes

b nnu : ein lu the phrase under e and says F eli . Prof . ”

n to . Jensen , accordi g Mr Johns , suggests fever ” sib b nnu tu e sar tu . for and , and defect for o f None the proposals satisfies the passage in W . 4 I . . 9 3 . . : A , III , The phrase varies so little and is

so isolated , that we may hardly hope for the correct

solution till we find other readings . m Still another interesting passage , only a frag ent

f — 1 - 1 3 5 4 o 83 8 0 3 . which remains , appears in , , R . This clause runs normally as follows

imé’ l l“ 2 sise ina sepa A su r i - rak - kas W T ilu 4 — b a - kan - ni ina sepa Ninip u - Se- rab .

u - Se- ra b u - sa l - li Instead of , the verb , , sometimes

occurs . “ e in i h l hr o f . . G tt sc en e e In a review A D . D in g g ” 99 3 1 8 . . NO . ten Anzeigen , , Berlin , , Prof H Zim m ern calls attention to this passage in connection INTR U T N OD C IO . 23

n o e . . D . N O . 436 with a similar found in A D , , R . 7 f

. NO . 474 . (cf , R This passage reads :

i f“ Maru — Su ana Sin I sarrap

- b m at su - a - e i- Sar - rabu te na B lit seri rap .

Dr . Zimmern translates : SO soll er (zur Strafe S Sin dafur ) seinen ohn dem Gotte verbrennen , seine

' alteste o - Tochter der G ttin Belit Seri (d . i . die Her ” Wiiste n rin der ) verbren en . Then Dr . Zimmern “ adds : Eigentumlich ist auch der ha ufig erwahnte in a Ritus , dass in gleichem Falle dem S von Harr n 4 b ezw 2 Oder dem Gotte Assur . Schimmel gespendet ” werden sollen . Dr . Zimmern , of course , does not mean that the animals in question shall be burned .

- — u Se r a b III . 1 In this phrase the verbs are ( , of ” é o - le- o f hasu er bu t i ra lea s . 1 ra , enter ) and (I , , to The former sometimes changes with u — Sa l - li f l . o Sa u . (II , , Mr Johns derives the latter

a a D . . g l t o . . . from , dedicate ( A D , III ,

o 2 9 — 1 — 1 6 N . 76 0 The very obscure tablet , ( , de o f serves special attention here , because the variety o f treatment it has received at the hands of different

Assyriologists . The phrase that has occasioned the difficulty is as follows

1 BuraSu put sepi Sa Ilani - kanua assati- Su m ina kata Pa ni- Nabu - temu naSatu m fi mu Sa Pani- Nabu - temu m iteb ir Ilani— ka nfi a

- - di tab akkamma ana Pani Nabu temu tanam n.

- — S S mu ti su . aS a ti u . . S . Instead of , C I has The chief f o ut o f o f dif iculty , I think , arises the use the prepo to sitiou in the last line . If this woman is a pledge

Pani - Nabu - temu during his absence (see lines 1 24 T U T N IN ROD C IO .

she should be given back to Ilani - kanua o n the re turn o f the former ; so I construe ta ha hlea with ” - h a . S e Il ni kanua How , then , could also be given back to Pani - Nab fi - temu ? I understand this latter

clause to refer to the present transaction , and trans late : To Pani - Nabu - temu She is (now) given ( as a

. er uo In C . I S . Opp t translates : Usque ad diem q

- N — - n redier it Pani abu temu , frater viri Ile qan a , messe ,

co mmod um - N - Bura su in Pani abu temu , pro non abi

- d a i turo marito suo Ile quanua vadem se b t . Die quo Pani - Nabu - temu redibit (m aritu m ) Ile - qua nua (uxor) ” d li - - ere nquet ( fra trique ) Pani Nabu temu d ed c t . Oppert returns to this text with an extended dis ” u i f d c ss o n fiir I ] . B a n in Zeitschrift Assyriologie , , ltu a - hu - la transli 1 u nd 2 If e t 1 888 . U t f , April , is “ erated a ale la ibbir : Ne p , and translated sera pas revenu de sa pérégrination Tap a leleamma is taken

u ti — u . M s from the root , ”DD (laisser , abandoner) is l “ ” a so kept and translated , her husband , but no ex o f f planation the masculine su fix is attempted .

Prof . Sayce has also given us a translation in B . A . “ L 1 30 : A - N - dhemi . S , p . , as follows long as Pani ebo ,

of - the brother Ili qanna , does not return from his

Bura su o f - travels , , the wife Ili qanna , shall share in

o f - of - N the business Ili qanna , in the place Pani ebo

i - - dhem . W N dhemi hen Pani ebo returns , she Shall

- anua to leave Ili q , and hand over the Share Pani ” - h Nebo d emi . of This is given as an example a wife as agent, taking the place of her husband o r other relation ” a during his bsence from home . In this translation “ ” u t b e ina p must mean , share in the usiness , whil

26 N T T I R ODUC ION .

to understand Aramaic than cuneiform — it is very probable that we have here a concession to the preva o f o f lence the Aramaic language in the marts trade . W e have cases where the contract in Aramaic o n o ne Side Of the tablet is nearly as complete as th e cunei h “ ” Ou t e . form other Besides , there are contracts

written entirely in Aramaic . This bilingual practice

continued down to quite late times , since we have evidence o f the existence of tablets in cuneiform and Greek . The part played by the Aramaic scribe— whose ex “ ” istence is noted again and again in the contracts no t in giving to us these readings , has , so far as I am h aware , been noticed . But it seems probable t at their origin may be traced back to the desire o f this Official to see a word from his o w n language o n the tablet which he had just prepared in the Official cu neiform . o f It is , course , impossible to construct a gram mar Of this language from these fragmentary in scriptions ; b ut there is sufficient evidence to show o f that we have here a dialect Aramaic , rather than a few Assyrian o r Babylonian words written in Ara maic script , though that does sometimes occur . The following tabulation of forms is submitted in this connection

e o f NOS . 2 The singular mphatic nouns is found in ,

7 1 0 1 4 1 6 28 3 6 37 38 . , , , , , , , and l 0 2 1 0 2 5 32 34 40 N 8 . The singu ar construct , in , , , ,

42 . , and others

e Nos . 6 25 The plural absolut in j, in and ; in l”in

NO . 35 . N TR CT N I ODU IO . 27

i n No . 6 . The plural emphatic occurs once , The N 1 . 8 . plural construct also once , in o

two . Nos . The Peal imperfect has occurrences , viz , in 3 3 8 6 and . “ o f Assimilation J to a following 1 , and 73 to a follow

Nos . 2 7 . ing 3 , takes place in and , respectively

e G . S e . . ( D A , ’ 2 4 1 o f a No s . 6 0 The use i as a rel tive is seen in , , , ,

1 6 3 6 3 7 3 8. , , , and Its use as a Sign o f the genitive relation is seen in

No s . 7 8 1 8 22 34 36 37 39 43 . , , , , , , , ,

The following prepositions occur : “ 1 No . 8 . 3 , in , see

N 36 3 8 Nos . s, to , in os . and concerning in 1 0 6 and 2 . ” t) No . 2 . i , of , in ” 34 6 1 0 . No s . 2 SJ) against , in , , , and 3 o . in N 7 .

The numerical Signs that are found in these in scriptio ns are

6; H” Th The alphabet will be found to vary somewhat with the o f a age the tablet , and in some inst nces it seems ” to approximate to the square character . It is sometimes urged against the theory o f the gradual canonization o f the Hebrew scriptures , that Ezra brought the “ square ” character with him from ’ “ ee o f Old a Babylon . ( S Ryle s Canon the Test 28 INTR ODUCTION .

5 9 . ment , p . f ) This claim receives no support

from the alphabet of these inscriptions . e o f vol Aft r nearly all these pages were in type , ’ “ f ohns s III . o . umes II . and Mr J Assyrian Deeds ” U nfortu and Documents came into my hands . natel me to o i y, they reached late to render the serv ce

they otherwise would have done . I desire , however , to express my indebtedness for a number o f points which I have noted in the discussion o f the Aramaic ’ r o hns and else where . M . J s latest volumes represent of an immense amount work , and bring us a long way toward the solution o f the remaining contract problems . Volum e II . besides containing a discussion “ ” o f o f nearly every phase contract literature , in three “ ” “ Offi chapters entitled , General Introduction , The ” “ ” cia ls , and Metrology , supplies four hundred and

- III . twenty four additional texts . Volume gives a

o f — 1 f o f No s . 1 32 o summary the contents , the first

volume , and discusses in a very thorough manner the “ ” f ae various ormul that appear in the contracts . a of The volume cont ins , among other things , a list proper names and Assyrian and Aramaic words .

Further contributions are promised . Those who work in this field in the future will find their tasks

sensibly lightened by the abundant material Mr . ’ Johns s o f m volumes contain . The list proper na es and the treatment o f this whole subject will prove

especially helpful . f f . e o o . . D Many the readings A D , which I hav

ventured to question , are read differently in volume

III . ; and the customary plan of Shading broken parts f o the tablet is adopted . P A R T I .

ASSYRIAN TEXTS TRANSLITERATED D A LA D AN TR NS TE . A Y IA X A LI A D SS R N TE TS TR NS TER TE .

- N o . l . K . 4 0 5 .

7” [Kumuk Dainu - kur - b a - a n] b e[l- b]iti tada - ni 3 b it - katati ta r b a [s u "3 1 daltu ina lib - b i a ‘ in M ina N fi. 7” dah - di Na ~ ha - ra - u a “ ‘ l d ah- di m Na b II - bel u- a m dah - di K u- ma - a — a u- piS- ma m Di -[ra m ultu pan D ainu - kur - b a - a n 2 L ina libbi 30 Siklu ( P ) kaspi il - ki ka sp u gam - mur ( ta )- tadin- ni bit u Su -a — te za - ar — pi la - k[i tu - a - ru di - e- [nu] dabahu la - a [S- Su] man - nu Sa (i)— igarr - u - ni 1 0 mane kaspi i- dan m i l“ ‘ pan A rdi- din - ni pan 7" H[i pan 7” m i “ pan Lu sa kin pan Sam a S idd]in Z) 7“ l l“ m a r a b pan Nabu ah iddin pan [ Sumj ma il ani A [bi] ”‘W umu 23 lim mu Sin ah eriha S[arru]

A RAMAIC [l]D“3 391

1 - - W I it ten N a b zt U A b u t c f. N a b u U U A .

” a is é fl lé 59 Th t , f ( ) (3 0> A Y IA X A LA D SS R N TE TS TR NS TE .

N O . 1

The seal o f Dainu- kurban

s owner Of the hou e sold ( given ) . T 2 hree store ) houses ( with ) a court , o ne with door , o f N in the city ineveh , Na arau adjoining h , adjoining Nabu - belua

a- a adjoining Kum , D and ira has struck a bargain (for them ) . From Dainu- kurban for 30 Shekels o f silver he takes ( them ); the price is fully paid ; those house ( s ) a are cquired , are taken . at Appeal , action law , complaint , shall not be . Whoever shall enter a lawsuit shall deposit 1 0 mina o f Silver .

7 1“ - i Before Ardi din u . Before Hi Before L uSa kin Sam a S iddin Before , before

— - - Na b iddin la . Before ah , before Summa i ni The Sen 2 3rd . month Ab , the day , the eponymy of

na cherib , the king

ARAMAIC : Dain 32 SS R N T TS TR N T A Y IA EX A SLI E R ATED .

- — — N o . 2 . 8 1 2 4 1 4 7 .

5 im er SE - PAT- MES Sa apil Sarri kata ”‘ “mél Ta - ku - u - ni Sanu - u ‘ 7“ ina pétn Ha - ma - tu - tu “ Sa l a -an- d u- a - te 1 SE - PAT- ME S 3 - 3 3 1 imer 3 0 K A Sa a m tar - rab - b i b Ta Sriti 7" i f“ lim - mu Nabu - Sar - usur “mel 5 esidéini

ARAMAIC ’ TTU? ji ve} 51) ‘Nzhn n: f' ll ‘lf' l VJ E DD”

3 2 . mm - mos 1 as h 3 33 0 3 1

- - N o . 3 . 1 1 8 , 3 4 5 .

Kumuk m Bel - Harran - k[u - sufl- a - ui bel niSe tada - a - ni ardi - Su kur Bel — Harran - k[u]— S ur - a - ni ilki

1 I e 238 r e d I . 3 ea B ru nno w 1 n Z . A . B a nd I I I I t 3 . a s 1. c . 4 ) but , , f , p , ( , t ,

1 - - o m are A . 1 17 6 : 3 0 a é u n u c p . D , D , k ,

4 Y T N ASS R IAN TEX S TRA SLITE RATED . di - ]ni- Su idab ub - ma la ila kki m pa]n K an- del - a — nu m pan Ra - di - ma m pan Ha - ru- za - za m Cl” né‘ pan Bel - Harran - duru zammeru m pan Ilu - GAB - E m i lu pan Nab u- ah - usur “T“ km” bA rahsamna fi mu 1 4 a “ lim]- m a m Nabn- ah- ere- eS “mi 0 “ l Sa - kin Sam - al - li

‘ AR AMAIC DID]? flj l:

— N O . 4 . K . 7 6 . m K unuk Ardi- IStar b el niSe ta da - ni m U - si 2 sinniSati- Su f Me - sa ~ a f Ba - di - a m si- gab — a m Bel - Harran - tak - lak 1 2 Inarati - ( ut - su “mf‘‘ napharu 7 na pSate a rd ani m “W Sa A rdi- IStar m u - piS- ma Si- ma - a - di ina lib - b i 3 man e kaspi il - ki kas - pu ga - mur ta - ad - di n tu - a - ru (Ti- (sep a r a tion s ig n) - e- nu d ab ab u la - aS- Su m a mé‘ pan Bel - nfi ri d amkaru m pan Am - ya - te - u

- 1 ib l errror M r . J o ns su es s a r su u t p r ob ab l y a s cr a . h gg t p , “ ” weaned . SS R N T TS TR NS T A Y IA EX A LA ED . 35

while he carries o n his lawsuit he shall not take K and ela n Before u . Ra dimu Before .

aruzaz Before H a .

Bé l - a - Before Harr n duru , the musician .

- - E Before Ilu GAB . ‘ il - - Before Nab ah usur . A ra samna 1 4th The month h , the day ,

o f Na bn- - ereS the eponymy ah , f governor o Samalli .

ARAMA IC : The document concerning Atab

N o . 4 . The seal of Ardi - IStar o f owner the persons sold . ’ tw o Usi , his wives , ’ Me sa ( and) B adia ; Sigab a Bel - Harran - ta klak t wo his daughters .

In all , seven persons , servants

of - IStar Ardi , a and Sim di has struck a bargain them ). For 3 mina o f silver he takes (them); the price

is paid in full .

Appeal , process at law , complaint shall not be .

- Bel Na . Before ri , the merchant ’ u Before Amyate .

2 mi fi rs l i ne . . m ina i e is o ed in . A M y c opy s h ow s th a t th e d eter t v tt t D

k ee s it in b o l ac es . D . p th p 36 ASSYRIAN TEXTS TR ANSLITER ATED .

m pan Sa - an- gi- i m pan Su — i- sa - a 7” pan Si- duri m pan (na me er a s ed ) “m m l? Ta Sriti lim - mu D a - na - nu

A RAM AIC Nl ' l' lN ’ i IN WJN J’ “ Tra n T U“ !

— - — N O . 5 . 8 3 l 1 8 , 3 3 8 .

[K n- um kunukki- Su su — pur - Su I s - kun 1 su- pur Sa b el niSe tada - mi] 2 f Mar - ki- hi- ta ” naphar u 2 na psate ard ani Sa 7 7" u - piS- ma Nabu - belu - [a nltu pa - an ina libbi 2 mane kaspi ina iSten [mane] a l Sa Gar - ga - miS 3 i — si - ik kas - pu ga - m[ur ta - ad - din 4 niS[e Su- ]a - tu za - ar - p[u lak - ki- u tu - a - ru di -]e- nu d a jb ab u la — a S- Su man - nu Sa ina a r - kiS] ina ma - t[e - ma i- za - ku- pa]- a — [n1 a s itti] m w abs - 5 3111 4 [lu - uapil - Su ln- u apil apls]- Su di - e- nu d a lb abu ub -]ta - u - ni 4 mane kas - [pi] fl u 2 mane hurasi sak - ru ina p[ur - ki Ninib]

1 A . D D r e m il u - - . . a d s is l ine K u nu k N a b u b él u s u r n th . I c a fi nd no r a c e f o a Si n er e . ore r ob a b l th e l in b e n - c g e a E u u m e t . t h M p y g , , See l a l ( s ine. B el n ié é et c . mu s al so a e c t ) , , t h v o c u rred b efor e th e seal m rk a s .

2 - - - A . . D . f M a r ti i a mus b e cor rec ed D , b g , . ( See r am a ic l ine t t A , SS R N T TS TR N S T A Y IA EX A LA ED . 37

i Before Sang . a Before Suis .

i- Before S duri .

n a me er a se Before ( d ) .

The TiSri o f month , the eponymy Dananu .

AR AMAIC : The sale o f Hosea and 6 seven

persons , servants o f Ardi

N o . 5 .

o f n - [Instead his seal he has set his ail mark . The nail - mark o f owner o f the persons who

sold ] . Markihita

o f in all , two persons , servants

N - e - a and has struck a bargain ( for them) abu b lu . From 5 fo r 2 mina o f silver according to the [mina] Of Carchemish he takes them ; the price is ful[ly paid ; ] n tho[se per]sons are acquire[d , take ] m ain c o t b e . Appeal , action at law , pD shall not W hoever in the future], whenso[ever he shall rise] up

- e - a o r o f With] Nabu b lu [or his son , the son his son]s , who a process at law , an indict [ment 4 o f shall] bring , mina silv[er ] , 2 o f Ninib mina pure gold , in the tre[asury Of ] ,

3 A . h a s hi . D . D .

4 - A D h a s ta d i n nl u er ar o f si ns rema ins . . D . . . O y pp p t g

5 - - A r ead s N a b u B él u s u r . . D . D . , 38 SYR N T TS TR NS T R T AS IA EX A LI E A ED .

a l a - SIb K al - hi iSSak- [ah ]

Sib - tu b e- en- nu a - na 1 0 0 fI - [me] sa - ar - tu a - na kal San[ati] kas - pu a - na eSreti a - na beli - Su [utar] ina di - ni- Su id ab ub - ma la [i- lak - ki]

' ‘ ' ( E r a sure) 22: l Nofl ofloplb flJTl

m 7" i f“ pan Zeru — a - a apil Sa [ma S( m ‘ m pan NII r u- a - a apil Hu m “u pan Sangfi - IStar a rdi Sa ab ( m pan Man- nu - li — im - me apil m m zl u pan ]D ain u- a apil Na b fl 7 “ " pan na 2 IStar apil 7 Ta m ‘ an 2 ” p . ina ( ) apil Ri b a m pa]n ISid m a m a bAdari fi mi 2 6 ”

“T a li]m - m u m b Teb et - a - [a 771 “u pan ] Zer - ISta r sa - bit dan - ui- te man]e kaspi Sa supur — Su

AR AMAIC ON E ND ‘

0 0 0

- N O . 6 S . 9 5 7 .

30 im er SE - PAT- MES ina GIS- BAR Sa 1 0 K A 7” ”u éa Nabu - duri m a m an b Teb et - a - a ing, p “W ”" 7 " 3 narkabti apil Abu - ul - idi “l nltu Ma - ga - ni- Si SS R N TE TS TR N S T 39 A Y IA X A LA ED .

ho w dwells at Calah , he shall deposit . 1 sibtu 1 00 for days , sa r tu for all the year .

The money shall yield according to tenths to its owner . W o n hile he carries his action at law , he shall not

take it . The Markihi ARAMAIC : document concerning ta .

Ze a of Sa ma S Before ru , son [ ( Nurua o f u Before , son fl

- ISta r o f Ab 2 Before Sangu , servant ( )

- o f Before Mannu limme , son D ainua so n o f N Before] , abu

-IStar o f Before na , son Ta Before son o f Ri b a Befo ]re ISid The h 26th mont Adar , the day,

a- a the eponymy o f Teb et .

- Zer IStar . [Before ] , who prepared the document 2 - mina Of silver of his nail mark .

N o . 6 .

imér o f Thirty grain , according to the measure of 1 0 ha

N - belonging to abu duri ,

eb eta- a delivered to T ,

- ul - idi the officer o f the chariot , son of Abu

Ma anisi of g ,

1 ibtu See n rod uc ion , a e s . ( I t t p g h i l - m m k w a s I n t h e na tu I e 2 S a yc e hol d s th a t t h e monev for t e n a

b a kshis h . 40 SS R N T TS TR N S T A Y IA EX A LI ER ATED .

m Sa k ata U n- za - ar - hi- IStar “m“ rab ki- sir a m ina b A rahsamnu SE - BAR C u ina Ma - ga - ui- si idda - an Sum - ma la iddi - ni 1 SE - BAR ina hub ulli ina Ni- nu - u “r “ 2 idda - ah bArahsamnu nmu m lim - mu Man - nu - ki- Sarri Sak Sarri m pan Ba - la - si rab b iti m i ‘“ pan A rdi- Belit Sa l - Sn if“ pan m Nab fi - nadin - ahe m fl“ pan Sa - Nabu - Su - u 7” i f“ pan Nabu - ah - idd in m pan Nasir - duru m pan A k- bar A RAMAIC : Nfi yw I‘ m: 517 If

— N o . 7 . K . 2 8 1 .

K unuk kumuk 9” apil i Ia - zi b el sin[niSati tada - ni] f Ha - am— b u - su a m[tu ( 2) marat- sa ( 2) ina eli b it m u-piS- ma L u - ku “mél rab ki- Sir Sa apil Sa[rri] ina lib - bi 1 mani 8 Siklu kaspi il -ki kas - pu [g]a - mur

1 2 i o d e ermina i es A . . h a s a b d tu W th u t t t v . . D D S .

42 SS R N T TS T N A Y IA EX RA SLITE R ATED . ta - din sinniSati Su - a - tu ’ zar - pat lak - ki- u tu - a - r u di - nu d ab ab u la - aS- Su man - nu Sa ina ur - kiS ina ma - te - ma i— za - ku- pa - a — ni igarr - u- ui lu- u niSe an- nu - te ln- u aple- Su - nu ln- u ahe- Su- nu m Sa itti L u- ku a apls- Su u ahe- Su di - nu dabab a uh - ta - u - ui 1 0 mane kaspi misu - u 1 manu hura si sak - ru ”u ina pur - ki IS- tar a - SI - bat “5 ki Nina iSSak- an kas - pu a - na eSr eti a - na beli - Su utar ina la di - uI - Su idab ub - ma la i - lak - ki m pan Ya - man - nu - u m pan A - su- u m 2 a mé‘ pan Ma - lik - SamaS d a mkaru m a mé‘ pan Y a - man - nu - u ra b hanSa m pan Am - maS- ki- ri m ‘ pan ASII r - Sum - usur a m m bAari lim - mu S[i- li]m - A S[ur]

2 m h3 swan ‘Nl‘lmt T m p ‘ 2 3 : w mn nni m

1 Ver b a d l m a d e o r w r i en o er a n era s m e. D r . Pe i ser l ea d s y y , tt v

b u t is I i nk I s no t oss i b l e nei er is a r d am r ea d b C . I . S . th th p , th , y 2 U M a - Izk - A I) D . L : tu . . , . ASSYR T TS TR NS TE 43 IAN EX A LA D . paid ; those Women are sold ; taken .

Appeal , action at law , complaint o W n t . shall be hosoever in the future , whenever he rises up ,

e s brings a lawsuit , either [those ] p r ons the se , or r o r r r thei sons , their b othe s who , with Luku , or o r his sons , his brothers , l action at law , indictment shal bring, 1 0 o f mina pure Silver , 1 mina o f solid gold o f ISta r wh o in the treasury , dwells l at Nineveh , shal deposit ; the money o Shall yield according to tenths t its owner . While he conducts his non - lawsuit he shall not take it . nfi Before Y aman . sfi Before A .

- SamaS th e h . Before Malik , merc ant

Yamannu the f o f . Before , o ficer fifty i i Before AmmaSk r .

- - m . Before ASur Su usur , the scribe

- The o f S ASur . month Iyyar , eponymy ilim

ARAMAIC : The document concerning the woman

Ha bb uSa o f Luku . 44 SSYR N T TS TR NS T T A IA EX A LI ERA ED .

N — — o . 8 . 8 0 7 1 9 , 5 2 .

m i lu K unuk N[a - na - a 2) 7” f l“ apil Marduk - bul - lit b el ekli tada - ui bitu 5 im er ekli

G IS- B A ina j R S8. 8 KA m kimmatu ekl]i Nur - Ekalli( 2)

ka spu 7” a m“ pan] Ba - ni- i

m - - 2 pan] Si e ha - za - a ) m a mél pan] Ahu- la - ma S— Si rab d [up m pan Hur -ma n apil f Par - su - u ( 2) m “ma pan Il- ti - ur d amkar u "71 “M I an e - a - b a - b i p B li y A . BA . 7" i f“ pan Sin- aplu - usur rab ki- Sir “ “u pan Pan- IStar - la - mur m if“ pan Nusku - imur - an- ni 7" i f“ apil Babil - a - a if“ ’ pan m Nabu - na id “m m m b K islimi nmu 8 m ‘ l [li]m - m[u] A SII r - Vl alik a mé‘ [ sukall]u rab

ARAMAIC

— - — N O . 9 . 8 3 l 18 , 8 2 9 .

m K u nuk a - — k S u . pi A BA . Bel ( 2)

1 m e z = I R ea d b J o ns i l a i b i A . b l i sc A A Jl a l zk y h , ; y S th , ; y D t h , . . . SS R N T TS TR N S TE A Y IA EX A LA D . 45

N o . 8 .

Th e seal o f Na [na

80 11 - Of Marduk bullit, o f a owner field which is sold . ‘ 5 imer o f [Real estate ] , land , 8 ea [according to the meas ]ure Of Z . [a boundary is the field o f ] Nur

i Before Ban , the Before Sie- ha za - lamaSSi e Before Ahu , the chi f

so n . Before Harman , Of Parsu iur Ilt . Before , the merchant

- h e t e . Before B li yababi , scribe

- - Sin a l u the . Before p usur , general

a - S - Before P n I tar lamur .

- muranni o f a N i . Before usku , son Babil a Before Babil . ’ - ab fi a . Before N n id , the scribe The 8th month Kislev , the day, ‘ o f A SII r - the eponymy Malik , the chief overseer ( 2)

ARAMAIC

N o . 9 .

Sa iku The seal of p , the scribe owner o f 46 SS R N T T E T E A Y IA EX S TR AN SLIT R A D . Asur ( 2)

m pan Mu - Sa - ]lim - Nergal m a i- n A l . p p ya A BA . “m mm b TaSriti il mu 1 2 m lim - m a ASur — dur - usur a ”‘‘fl m d ‘ l Sa - kin Hal - za

ARAMAIC

— - — — N O . l O . 8 2 5 2 2 , 17 6 b C a s e .

m K unuk Za - bi- nu “m“i l ? narka b ti rab n 1 u - gi 1 mann kaspi a l ina Sa G ur - ga - miS m Sa Im - Sa - i m ina pan za - b i- nu [kaspu ana reb uti— Su irra b]- b i ’ ka m 2 [a m u uzi fi m u O W W lim — mu Nabu — Sar - ahe- Su i lu a m“ pan 7" Nusku- Malik Sak]u

a l Sa K u - muh m 3 [pan Ba]b - li - i m pan Na - aS— hu — a - a - li

a m él ' [ h ub nti Sa ni - ri - b i

“ ” ’ 1 m u i m ea ns c o ur t h y s nc mn b ut S ee eissner s S a y c e s a v s r o b g p , M

- l emen 55h : r a b m a i is n a r ka bti . S upp t , g ( ) - - 2 — l i d rom inner ab l e 82 5 22 l 76a . is abl e Lines 8 10 ar e supp e f t t , Th t t SS R N TE TS TR N S T A Y IA X A LA ED . 47

ASur ( 2)

MuSa - - Ne [Before ]lim rgal . A li a Before p y , the scribe .

The TiSri 1 2th d a month , the y ,

o f ASur - - the eponymy dur usur , o f alza governor H .

ARAMAIC : The document concerning

to Nabu - sum-d an

N o . 1 0 .

sea l o f Zabinu The , o f charIo t the Officer the , the chief nic er . 1 mina o f silver according to the (mina) o f Carchemish t o ImSai belonging , Zabinu received by .

a r The money shall increase to its fourth p t. T 3 r d [The month ammuz , the day ,

o f Na b n- Sar - ab eSu the eponymy .

e N - [Befor usku Malik ] , the general .

o f of the city Kumuh . i Before Babl ,

NaS u - ali Before h , f the chiefs o the entrance .

h a t h e n a mes of t w o w i nes ses I Sta r - d ar t a nd I n - d a - u n o t o u nd o n s t , , f th a se o n th e o er a nd l ines 1 1 a nd 12 a re o u nd o nl on the c ase. e c ; th h , f y 3 - b r A I I I . rea d s A ra li w ich is er a s et e . . D . D , , b , h p h p t 48 SS R AN T TS TR N S T R T A Y I EX A LI E A ED .

m pan Harran- a - a

an N - - - - p abu ri ih tu usur A . BA .

A RAMAIC NDDD mm pr 51> 1:

— N . 1 l K 2 O . . S O .

7 " “u K unuk Mu - tak- kil - Marduk

m ' kunuk ASiI I - [m]u- Sal - lim napharu 2 alj e- Sa

m ' kunuk A SfI I - a - h n din r. ”‘ ‘ kunuk ISid - ASII r naphar u 2 apls- Sa 1 m 2 na phar u 4 niSe- e apil K ut - ti - b a - l Sta r - ellitu mnél 3 nappah- parz illi b el sinniSti tada - a - ni i f“ f G u - la - ri - mat amti - Su - nu Sa niSe— e a h - nu - te u - piS- ma m Kak - kul - la - nu [ina lib]bi é mani kaspi it— ti - din ma - te — ma

a - n[a b el]i - S[u u]tar [ina di - ni- S]u id ab ub - ma la ilak[k]i 7 ””u 4 Sama S- sabit b el dini - Su ”l “mé‘ pan Bel - abu - usur Sal - Su apil Sarri m m 5 a mél pan A Sur - kat- Su apil Nasir - Sarru - ti pem ”‘ pan A - h u- lam - ma ( d itto $ 70 71 )

1 r mé - e o m i s W i en : a l . A . . . tt (l D D . t 2 A . r ea d s : n a a r u . D . D . p b 4 3 Th e Si n o u n d er e i n A . . I ak e t o b e a n er a su re . g f h . D D t ‘ 4 - A D D m l a bét d ini s u . Th e l n is b r k e e e i . . . : a a i e o n h , III . S s at t b g n

50 SS R N T TS TR N S T T A Y IA EX A LI ERA ED .

m m pan zi- ta - a - a apil A sur - Sum - ukin m “u ‘ pan ISid - NabiI m a mé‘ pan Hi- ri - sa - a - a pé tu m a mel pan Apli- ya d amkar u m a mél pan A Sur - Sum - ukin mutir puti 7” p]an Pur - ka - a - a a r a km " l isani fl mu 1 9

7” i l“ - m a - Sa r - a lim a N b usur A . BA . m ti

‘ m “u a mél pan A rdi- Nabu d [amkaru] 2) 7 ” “u [pan] IStar- Malik Sak - nu

Aramaic Tiff/N

— N O . 1 2 a K -3 2 9

7” i f“ m Kunuk Nabfi - ah - usur kunuk Ah u- u - ni l m ‘ napharu 2 apl a apls ( apil ) Nit l - gl — l m m kunuk Algi- nuri apil Si- i — li 2 napharu 3 niSe( e ) b el ameli - a - na Sa - bu- si ina libbi sinniSti ta da - a - ui 7” “u IStar - dur - ka - a - li ardi — Su - nu 2 Sa niSé - ( e ) a n- nu - te 7" a mél u - piS- ma Kak - kul - la - nu rab ki- sir ina lib - b i fAt — li - ih - a amti - Su 2 Sa - b u - u - su ultu pan niSe- ( e ) an - nu - te i - zi- rip it - - Si - a - r u - e- ti , tu di nu d ab ab u la - aS- Su man - nu Sa ina ur - kiS ina ma - te — e- ma 3 i- za - ku - pa - ( ni) iga rr u - u - ni

1 P r s t h ri b e I n end ed a mél e h a p e sc t . 2 W r itten SS R N T TS TR NS A Y IA EX A LATED . 51

a- a Of ASnr - Sum - ki Before Zit , son u n .

- Before ISid Nab fi .

- a a . Before Hiris , the porter

A li a . Before p y , the merchant

- m - i fi Before ASur Su uk n , of cer of the bodyguard .

a- [Be]fore Purk a . N 1 9 The month isan , the th day,

N - Sar - a of the eponymy of abu usur , secret ry the land .

- N Before Ardi abu , the m[erchant](

IStar - Before Malik , the governor .

ARA R MAI C : - N The wife of Abed abu .

N o . 1 2 .

N - - ° The seal of abu ah usur , the seal of Ahuni N i in all , two persons , sons of arg .

- i The seal Ahi nuri , son of S li ; w in all , three persons , o ners of the person , by barter fo r a woman given . IStar - dur - kali is the ( their ) servant o f those persons , and has struck a bargain for him K a kkullanu the gen

eral . Atli a For h , his maid by barter from those persons

( those ) he acquires ,

. la w he takes Appeal , action at , complaint , shall not be . W hoever in the future , whenever he rises up and enters a lawsuit ,

3 ib e u i emitted b y scr . 52 SS T T N T T A YRIAN EX S TRA SLI ERA ED .

” if“ m ln- u Nabu - a - usur ln- u Ahu - u - ui m h ln- u Ahi- nuri ln— u aple- Su- nu ln- u apil aple- Su- nu l u- u all e- Su- nu l u- u aple ahe- Su - nu l n- u manma - Su- nu ”‘ - Sa itti Kak kul - la - ni itti aple- Su itti apil aplé - Su di - nu dabab - ( b u ) ”u “ ub - ta - u- ni Asur SamaS Bel u Nabu

- - - lu u b el di ni Su 1 0 mane kaspi idda - an m C“nél pan ASfi r - kil - la - an- ni rab ki- sir m “ma pan Li- ki- pu ( d am sign) m a m“ pan Ba - la - si -i (d i tto sig n) (d itto sign) “mé‘ “m“ pan fi Zi- zi- i Sanu - u Sa (d itto sign) m “mé‘ pan I - di - i damkaru m - a mél pan Hi ri - sa - a - a petn Sa b it Kid - mu- ri m a m ’ pan Sal - mu - te d amkaru

7“ fl“ a mé‘ pan SamaS- ik- Sur d a - a - a - l u m “mél an Sum - a — a p A . BA . m m nél pan Il u- gab - ri Sa Sepa 7" i l“ a mé’ pan sin - Sar - us ur mutir puti a m km bAari um u 20 "

7” “u lim - mu Sin- Sar - usur mati - ARAMAIC S a n " alJ n a h r )

N - O . 1 3 . K . 4 2 l .

21“ K unuk m Sam aS- bul - lit - an- ni ”‘ l lu kunuk Ardi - IStar m napharu 2 aple Ab u — erib a a l ultu lib bi K u- ur - u - b i

f f b el eklu bitu a t - ru kirfi SS R N T TS TR NS T A Y IA EX A LA ED . 53

N - a - or either abu h usur , Ahuni , or Ahi - or nuri , their brothers , or o f or the son their sons , their brothers , l or the sons of their brothers or their relatives , , who K akkullanu w , with , ith his sons of with the son his sons , lawsuit , indictment a ASnr SamaS Bel N sh ll bring, with , , , abu , or o f 1 0 the lord his lawsuit , mina of silver Shall d e

posit .

ASfi r - killanni Before , the general .

Li i u (d i o si n . Before k p , tt g )

i (d zuo si n Before Balas , g a i i ffi of (d o Sign . ) Before Ziz , the second o cer tt

Idi . Before , the merchant Kidmuri a of . Before Hiris a , the porter the temple Of

almute meI chant . Before S , the

a iksur fi . Before Sam s , the of cer a Before Sum , the scribe .

ai . Before Ilu g , the foot Officer

- - Sin Sar u fi . Before sur , Of cer Of the bodyguard 20th The month Iyyar , the day ,

- - o f in Sar o f . the eponymy S usur , scribe the land l ARAMAIC : The docum ent concerning Sardurka

N o . 1 8 .

Th f amaS- - e seal o S bullit anni , the seal Of Ardi - IStar ;

two of - e h in all , sons Abu ri a of o f urub i the city K , of owner ( s ) the land , house, land , park

1 ” i er all an one of heirs . L t y, y t 54 SSYR N T TS TR NS T R T A IA EX A LI E A ED .

tap - ri - u b fi ru a — na San ati tada - a - ni m bitu 2 imer ekli d ah- di U r - di m dah - di L u - u - balit bitu 54 K A ekli

’ - m 6 ”u dab di Hu - Sa - a - a ( d itto s ign l l) m Nab iI - balat- su - ikbi m bitu 42 K A [ekli dah - di ]L n- u - balit dah - di

a ni lu d ab- di 1 im er 30 K A ekli d[ah - di m d ah- di L u - u - balit “ Sa il - ki dah - di Nergal - Sum ( 2)- iddin 2) 30 KA ekli bitu it - hi- si ina Sep tili m “u d ah- di Sum - ma - Ramm an 60 KA ina ku - tal tili m if“ dah — di Sama S- erib a 3 im er ka - b a - ku napharu 20 im er ekli ina G IS- BAR Sa 9 K A bitu

' z~‘ a l at — ru i kirt1 tap - ri - u b urn ina Ku r - u - b i m “T" él u - piS- ma K ak- kul - la - nu ra b ki— sir ina ku - um 1 mani kaspi a - na Sanati ikkal l 3 me - ri - Se 3 ka - rap - hi 6 Sanati 2 ekl u ikkal kaspu ina eli Se tarame i - Sak- kan 3 eklu u- Se- sa eSre- tu Se nu ~ sa ~ hi a m km” reba- tu Se ip - Si b Teb etu nmu 6 7” i l "‘ “m“ - - - I ) a lim mu Sin Sar i sur A B A . m ti m “mél pan Ba - la - si - i rab ki- sir apil Sarri m a m“ pan ASur - kil - la - ah — ni (d itto s ign) (d itto sign) m a mé‘ pan zi- zi— i Sanu - u ( d itto s ign) (d itto S ign)

1 d in ka - r a b ab i Peiser sugges t s a s a p oss ib l e r ea g : t . 2 Th e id eo r a m s eem s to b e s esi w ic so fa r a s I a e no ic ed a g , h h , h v t , p h - -me ur in is sense o nl er e a nd in K . 330 . T e r ea d in ta r a oc c s p ear s th y h g , , m N o 83 R . 2 w ic h a s al so th e or ka r n mb er of imes Cf . A . . . a u t . ( . D D , h h f

- d e bi . )

3 ------f : e Rib Se éu i Sib bu au .i anu sa i Su i na si u . A . . C . S ; b b D

- - - ‘ - - - No 622 emitt ed b Peiser in K . B . Se n u s a i su l a i na si u D . . ; y ) b b ;

- - - — a Sm . 3 A . . . No l ibu n Zd i éa b a3 . ( . D D . SS R N T TS TR N S T A Y IA EX A LA ED . 55

a fount in , by the year given . 2 mer o f Real estate , land contig uous to Urdi i , contiguous to L ub alit ; real estate 54 Zea o f land

a- a - contiguous to Hus , contiguous ( 2) to Nabu balat su- ikbi ; a 42 9a of real est te , 5 land contiguous to L ub a lit contigu[ous to contiguous to 1 imer 30 ha o f land con[tiguous contiguous to L ub alit

Ne - Sum — iddi which is taken , contiguous to rgal n .

30 lea o f a o f land , real est te at the foot a mound , 1 to - a o f contiguous Summa Ramm n , at the a

mound ,

o am aS- e i a e o f contiguous t S r b . 3 im r

20 imer o f d o f in all , land accor ing to the measure 9 a h , house land park fountain in the city o f K urubi l K a kkul anu the ra . and has struck a bargain , gene l 1 o f For mina silver , by the year , he rents ; 3 3 2 6 (years) planting, (years) after growth( ), years 2 M . he rents the land . oney upon the grain he shall pay . A enth o f the field he Shall deliver up . t the grain is o f a fourth the grain is The month Tebeth , the 6th day,

- - o in Sar o f n . the eponymy f S usur , scribe the la d ’ i o f . Before Balas , general the king s son ‘ - n e SIIr killanni ( d i o Si n . ) (d i o Sig . ) B fore A , tt g tt

o i n . i fi ( d i o sten . ) (d i S g ) Before Ziz , second of cer tt tt

1 u ( H. W . B . 362 a . D . III . c onnec s w i ku ta ll , ; A . D , , t th , “ ” - 2 l e a r a me W i e es al l . uss A rnol t 457 a . Peiser rans a s : M , ) t t t , f t T 56 ASSYR IAN TEXTS TR ANSLITER A ED .

7 “”u m pan Sama S- eriha pan Sum - ma - Bel m m pan U r - d u pan L u - u - balit “ pan Nergal - Sum - iddin naphar u 9 amelfi ti

m a m é ’ ”‘ pan I - di - i d amkaru pan Hi- ri - sa - a - [a] m “m él a m - - A B . p n Su a a A .

‘ ' ARAMAIC NSF” flJ !

N o . 1 4 . K . 3 0 9 a .

m Kunuk Bel- ahe- Su i f“ W él apil m Sama S— abu - u - a narkab ti Sepa b el sinniSti tada - ui fA rb a - il u- Sar - rat a mti - Su ” Sa Bel - ahe— Su u - piS- ma m a m el Ki- sir -ASur rab ki- sir mutir puti Sa apil Sarri ina lib - b i 1 7) man e kaspi m ultu pan Bel - ahe- Su il — ki sinniStu Su - a - tu up - pu - Sat zar - pat lak - ki-at kas - pu gam - mur ta - a - din tu - a - r u dabah u la - aS- Su m ina ma - te - me ln- u Bel - ahe- Su lu- u aple- Su apil aple- Su Sa di - e- nu da - b a - b u ” itti K i- sir - ASur aple- Su ub - ta - u - ui kas - pu ana eSreti a - na beli - Su

58 SS R N T T T T A Y IA EX S TR AN SLI E R A ED .

u - tar ina di - ni- Su idab ub - ma la i - lak - ki m an - - u - p A ta s ri A . BA . 7 " 21“ ’ pan Sam a S- r e u - u - a Sak- nu m pan Suk- a — a Sak- nu m an Am - ma — a - a - - a - a p A . BA . Ar ma i f“ an - a lu - inniSti ekalli p m Nabu p iddih A . BA . s m “u “m a pan Kur - di - Ra mm an narkab ti m pan Sul - mu - ahe (d itto s ign) m pan Salam - ahe (d itto sign) m pan K u - sa - a - a (d itto s ign) m pan Bel - Sar — usur (d itto sign) m ‘ pan ASII r - Sum - ukin (d itto s ig n) m pan ISid - E - kur - ri (d itto sign) m C”" é‘ pan Zer - ukin narkab ti Sepa

m ' pan Bel - HaTI an — Sar - usur ( d itto S ign) m pan A rb a - ilu - a - a (d itto s ig n) m pan Ha - am - b a - ku ( d itto sig n ) m pan Man- nu - ki - Arba - ilu (d itto s ign) a m mm b Sabati umu 3 m lim - mu Sin- Sar - usur pihat Hi- in r d an m i “ an i- - a fi p K sir N b A . BA .

AR AMAIC BDSDWN

— N o . 15 . K . 3 3 1.

m m Kumuk Hu - da - a - a apil Mu - sur - a - a b el niSe ta - da - a - m a]z- zi fA - ha - ti - ta - bat ummi - Su SS R N T TS TR N A Y IA EX A SLATED . 59

shall yield . While he conducts his lawsuit he Shall not take ( it ) .

- Before Ata suri , the scribe . ’ - SamaS eil V . Before r a , the iceroy

- S a a V . Before uk , the iceroy

- a a . Before Amm , the Aramaean scribe

- l - iddin o f N a u . Before abu p , scribe the palace women

- a a O fiicer o f . Before Kurdi R mm n , the chariot

- ulmu a e (d i o sig n . ) Before S h , tt

- i n ahe ( d o si . ) Before Salam , tt g

- n K uSa a (d i o s ig . ) Before , tt

- - i el Sa r d i o s gn . ) Before B usur , ( tt

- — fi Sum i d i o S ign . ) Before A S r uk n , ( tt

- i o Si ISid Ekurri (d gn . ) Before , tt

- Zer i o ffiicer o f . Before uk n , chariot

el - a - Sar — (d i o S ig n ) Before B Harr n usur , tt

A r b ailua (d i o Sign . ) Before , tt

n amb a u (d i o Sig . ) Before H k , tt

- ki (d i o sign . ) Before Mannu Arbailu , tt

3 r d Th e month Sebat , the day ,

in- Sar - the eponymy Of S usur , governor o f Hindan .

- N . Before Kisir abu , the scribe

A rb elsar . ARAMAIC : The document concerning

N o . 15 .

- a- a s a a The seal of Hud , son of Mu ur , owner Of the persons sold .

- azzi , Abati tabat his mother SS R N T T 60 A Y IA EX S TRANSLITERATED .

m ard ani ( 2) Sa Hu - da - a - a

"i Cl”W [u- pIS — ma - a - a Sak Sarri m [ina libbi ma]ne kaspi ultu pan Hu - da - a - a

[ilki kaspu ga - mu]r ta - di[n] niSe Su - a - te

m “ma pan IStar - tariba r a mm a bAbi umu 1 8 m lim - mu M u- Sal - lim - Asur m a - - p n Mard uk zer ibni A . BA .

- 1 A RAMAIC [fly157s m h ]

— — 1 N o . l 6 . K . 3 1 8 C a s e .

l 1 0 Si kl a ( P ) kaspi kakkadu l ” i l“ k i reSete ( P ) Sa 7 ISta r Sa Ni na m Sa Bel - ln- b a - [lat] m ina pan Man- nu - ki- i- Arba - [ilu] a - na b u- u - hi it - ti - Si kaspu a - na r eb uti- Su irab - bi k a “ “Ta ina umi S Sa b: Sabati ka spu idda - s e m a k a m [g Sab ajti um u a lim - mu 7" Ramm an - rim - a - u i m pan Ha - at - pi - m u - nu m pan Ra - u m 2 pan Zer - uki - in m pan NergaI— Sar - usur m il“ a mé‘ pan Ardi- Nabu Se- lap - pa - a - a m pan Mu - Se- zib - ASur (d itto sign)

1 A c as e ab l e t t . 2 In th e I nner ab l e K . 3l 8a th e n ames o f th e ir d a nd ou r w i t t t , , th f th nesses oc c ur after th e na me N a bd -mué a l tim -t u -nu a nd th e l as name is , , t omi ed tt . SSYR N N A IA TEXTS TRA SLATED . 61

of a- a [are servants ] Hud ,

Nina- a o f and , the general the king , has struck a bar

gain ( for them ).

For mina of silver from Hil da- a h , [ e takes them ; the price] is paid in full ; tho [se persons

a t Before Ist r ariba , the officer . 1 8 The month Ab , the th day,

o f Muéallim- the eponymy Asur .

u - zer - Before Mard k ibni , the scribe .

A RAMAIC : The document concerning Illuhazzi

N O . 16 .

The sum o f 1 0 Shekels o f silver o f o f o f N the best quality Istar ineveh , belonging to Bel - ln received by Mannuki 2 for the receipt( ) it shall be delivered . The money shall increase to its fourth part .

On the 3 rd day o f Sebat he gives the money .

B 3 rd o f a The month ebat, day , the eponymy Ramm n i r mani . i Before Hatp muni . ’ - Before Ra u . e ukin Before Z r .

- - Before Nergal sar usur .

- l i Nab fi ge a an . Before Ardi , the pp

- i n us zi (d i o S g . ) Before M é b Asur 7 tt 62 SSYR N T N A IA TEXTS RA SLITERATED .

7” a“ pan Nabu - musallim- su - nu m pan Ha - ah - ui- i ”l pan Bel - sad - ili ‘ ARAMAIC Saws uma

- nun rpm ” r 7 s ee:

N - O . l 7 . K . 3 0 5 .

m [Kun a k Pa - ka - a - na -Arba - ili m kunuk éar- Istar b el biti tada - mi] bitu is sa ik 1 13“ istan - it 1 daltu ina lib - bi m “l‘ kimmatu biti sil - Nabu “n “u kimmatu biti Tab - sar - l star ”u kimmatu biti m Bamas - eriba 2 kimmatu su - ka -ki bitu ina r esi m u - pl s - ma K u - kul - a - a m ultu pan Pa - ka - a - na - Arba - ili ultu gar - Istar ina lib - bi 7} mani kaspi il - ki kas - pu gam - mur ta - din bitu su - a - te za - rip lak - ki tu - a - r u di - e- nu d ab ab u la - as - su man - nu sa ina ur - kis ina ma — te - ma

fi ------i za ku pa a ui igarru u mi m ln- u Pa - ka - a - na - Arba - ili

l l W B u r i s h r d i n D e i tzsc h m H. . . q e e t e ea g . R N R N ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 63

N - m d i o uéalliméunu s i n . Before abu , ( tt g ) i Before Hann .

Bel - Sad - Before ili .

A RAMAIC : Concerning Manag- Arbel who shall bring to the temple ( house )

s the ilver .

N o . 17 .

o f - - Ar baili [The seal Paka ana ,

o f gar - o f h the seal Istar , owner t e house sold] ; the house o ne with door in it .

of - N A boundary is the house Sil abu ,

o f ab - sar - a boundary is the house T Istar ,

of B - eriba a boundary is the house amas , a boundary is the alley . The house is at the entrance o f Nineveh and a has struck a bargain ( for it ) Kukul .

- - A r ba ili gar - From Paka ana , from Istar for o ne- half mina o f silver he takes ( it ); the price is paid in full ; that house

( that) is sold , taken .

Appeal , action at law , complaint shall not be . W hoever in the future , whenever he shall rise up , enters a lawsuit ,

- - Ar baili either Paka ana ,

2 - Pei ser w ould r eml S u I a K ] b u t H. W . B . i es t wo w ord s 10 1 s ree , g , g v t t , - a i s s u cu a nd sul a / a . th t , { f y 64 R ASSY IAN TEXTS TRAN SLITER ATED .

l u- u apla- su apil aple- Su m Sa itti K u- kul - la - a - a apla- Su apil aple- Su

‘ di - e- nu d ab ab u uh - ta - u - ui 5 mane kaspi idda - ah 7" “u a mé‘ pan l sid - Nab fl rab ki- sir m pan U n- zar - hi- Asur (d itto sig n ) ( d itto sign) m pan Zé r - Iétar (d itto sign) (d itto s ign) m pan Hi- ri - sa - a - a m pan sn- nu m pan éumfl) a r a mm m bAa ri umu 1 0 lim - me A sur - rim - a - ui

7” “u a mél a - - B p n Nabu nadin ah A . A . ARAMAI C Sw amps wmo

- - - - NO . 1 8 . 8 0 7 19 , 1 18 , 3 8 7 +

— 8 3 4 18 , 3 5 0 .

- - - - 8 0 7 19 , 3 4 8 8 3 1 1 8 , 3 8 7 .

K unu k 2 - d u - u -a - su [ ] ( ) . si apil a mél 1 [gla - a - a b el ekli [bi]tu si ? )ta - da a - ni 2 kimmat u ekli sa éépa - Istar

ra - a - nu m s]a G a - lul 8( im er

1 - — l a d s o nl o ne ro er n a me er e . c c o rd i n t o 83 1 18 A . D . D . e y p p h A g , - - d s u re e m o e ore a 3 2 u n A D . rea é s m n B B Q é u . , e s e t h a been , ( D , ), th v th

one o wner ,

66 ASSYR IAN TEXTS TRAN SLITERATED .

1 ( Q) 81 — nu ~-u 2) a - nu m - u- ni (d itto sign) K u- sa - u i 2) u ak- b u “ kim]matu 3kiru hi- li ittalaku- u - mi a mW - u a A B A .

"l éamas- rim- a - ui kimmatu ekli 22 imer ekli ina ma - sa]- ru - ti ina Gl é- BAR ea 1 0 K A m m kim]matu bitu A rdi- ahe- su (d ztto sign) Tih - a - a i ” - f kirfi ] sa b e lit kimmatu kirfl ”‘ kim]ma tu ( d itto s ign) Sa Ramman - dan - an 7" 2 U ) Bi- e - l n- ha - ln- su

7" C”" é‘ m Nabu - ah - usur ikkaru Pap- pa - da m 3 Si- lim - Bel napharu 4 apla- Su m “W ‘ 6 napsate Ab - d u - u- ni ikka ru - Su na phar u 2 napsate napharu - ma 8 napsate i pi - ta -a - te ana ? kiru b e- lit ma

se . kil . Asur “1 sa .

abu - u- a ui ekil

su]a - tu za - ar - pu

‘’ [lak - ki- u tu - a - ru di - nu d a]b ab u la - as - s u

1 A . . r ea d s ti . D D . ,

2 - - - Wri en o er a n era sure. A . . D read s b i b i a a t e c . tt v D . , b , R N R N ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 67

- - 8 3 1 18 , 3 5 0 .

(d itto sign) Kusa ni a boundary is the park

a to hi- which le ds li .

the secretary .

- i gamas r mani , a boundary is the land of 22 imér , land r unde consideration , according to measure of 1 0 [a t

o f - ahe- Su (d i o si n a boundary is the house Ardi , tt g ) T a ih .

o f belit a park ( trees), a boundary is the park

d i o si n o f a - a boundary is ( tt g ) Ramm n danan . Bieluhal usu

Nabfi - - s a Pa ada ah u ur , the peas nt , pp S - Bel ilim ; in all , his four sons , in all], six persons , Abduni , the peasant , his [wif]e( in all , two persons , in all , eight persons , l for a park of be it trees .

Asur of city o f

a bu- a land l that is so d ,

e . [is tak n Appeal , lawsuit , comp]laint shall not

3 Prob abl o er a n er asure y v . 6 R N N 8 ASSY IA TEXTS TRA SLITERATED .

------[man nu sa ina ur kis ina ma r te ma] i za ku pa a - ui 1 i- - u- ui ln- u u- a a le- su- [ garr . ] p nu ‘ 1 4 a mel [lu- u apil aple- su - nu lu- u] aha- su- nu téak- nu - su 1 kur - b u - su- nu [itti apil apl a- Su di - e- nu [dab ab u uh- ta - u- ni 2 sis]e ana sepa Asur i- rak - kas Harran u- se - rab ”u pur - ki Is - tar - mi a - na 1 00 fi - me ana eSreti ana bole- 5m la i- lak - ki su dan - nu li lu 3 . sak ) a mél - si

- - - — 1 8 3 8 7 . 8 0 7 1 9 , 8 4 8 8 3 1 ,

m [p]an K ur rab m a m“ pan Marduk (d i tto sign ) m “m“ pan Am - me 2) ( d itto s ign ) m a mél [p]an B 1 ( d itto sign) m [pan] Ha - di ( 2) to [pan] m Gram mes ” u“ [pan fl Na bfi im (d itto sign) (d itto sign) Sa ( 2) apil sarri sa - kin b a ( 2) ARAMAIC ’ T" nan ” 9pm 7 1 (p ecans: “ x J

1 A . . rea d s l i t . . D D , R N R N ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 69 W [ hoever in the future , whenever] he shall rise up ,

u - a o r [and shall enter a lawsuit , either , their

sons , of o r b [or the son their sons , ] their rothers , their

representatives , their who o f [ , with son his sons , lawsuit , l 2 of [indictment shal bring , horse]s at the feet Asur

he shall bind , to Sin who a , dwells at Ha]rr n , he shall bring near , o f a in the] treasury Ist r , 0 bini is for 1 0 days . [The money shall yield ] according to tenths to its

owners . [While he carries o n his lawsuit] h e shall not take it powerful

the .

- - — — 8 3 1 18 3 8 7 . 8 0 7 19 , 3 4 8 ,

Before Kur chief

i t S i n Before Marduk officer (d t o g . )

it o i n (d t s g . ) Before Amme , officer

s i n [Be]fore Bi officer ( d itto g . ) [Before] Hadi

Si n [Before] Gam (p l g .)

s i d i o si n . [Before] Nab fi (d itto gn . ) ( tt g ) ’ of the king s son .

ho use Z the Ha hned AR AMAIC ( ) and lands of p , which belong to N an in district o f Ba bsa k . 0 7 ASSYR IAN TEXTS TRAN SLITER ATED .

— - — N O . 19 . 8 3 l 1 8 , 3 3 4 .

m K unuk Bél - abu - usur b [el nise tada - ui] m Ba -ra - a - hu a - e 2 di nis ( pl . ) m Ta - bu - nl a - di nise m [ ]si( - ti - ir - ka - a - nu a]- di gab - b u a - na gi- mi[r m i l“ u - pis - ma Marduk m ilt‘ sa Sin- ahe- ahiba l i- na lib - bi 20 m [ulta ] pan Bel - ab[u - usur ilki kas - pu] ga - [mur ta - di n

a p n . 7” iI“ \ pan l 1al3u - eti- ir - a - [mi] m i l“ “m“ pan Nab fi m ud ammik 7" “m“ pan Bab ilu b el nu - ra a a pir - hi [nu ( mél 7" - a W“ pan ga mas sum usur sangu sa m a m é‘ 1 1“ pan Ab u la mur sangfi Sa m a mu a“ - - - fi sa pan Na b u belu a st ang . m “mél it“ pan U n zar hu sangu sa Ta émetu m “ma ”“ pan Mardi 1 sangfi sa K UR KUR NUN m a ma ”u pan G ula zer ibni sangu sa Gula m a ma pan Asur - ida - a - ni pé t u sa akalli m a mél pan zi- zi- ya petu sa akalli m a”na pan Il u - ere- es petu sa akalli m “m“ pan Mu - ka - lil - mittu (d itto s ign) m a m“ pan Ba - na - a - a (d itto s ign ) m a m“ pan G a - lul (d itto s ign)

1 T h e sc r ib e fi rs om 1 tted l i b a nd w ro e bi 20 so a no w l i b - b i IS w r i t t , th t t n i 20 te o ver b . N ASSY R IAN TEXTS TR A SLATED . 71

N o . 19 .

of Bel - - u of The seal abu us r , [owner the persons given] Baral u g , together with ( his ) people , ab uni T , together with ( his) people , Si ? tirkanu ( ) , to[gether with all in ( its) entirety and has struck a bargain (for them) Marduk o f Sin-ahe-a[riba For 20

from Bel - a[bu - usur he takes ;

the price is paid in full .

Before

- - Before Nabu atir a ui] .

- mud ammi . Before Nabu k, officer

- - el - - ra- a of 2 . Before Bab ilu b nu , officer the army( )

- m - o f Before Bamas Su usur , priest the god

- o f Before Ahu lamur , priest the god - eIu - a o f Before Nabfi b , priest the god

u o f Tasmetu . Before U nzarh , priest

- - i o f NU N. Befor e Mard , priest KUR KUR

- - o f . Before Gula zer ibni , priest Gula

- dani o f . Before Asur i , porter the palace

izi a o f . Before Z y , porter the palace

- e o f th e . Before Ilu res , porter palace

Si n il - (d i o g . ) Before M ukal mittu , tt n na- a (d i to sig . ) Before Ba , t

(d i to Sign .) Before Galul , t 72 R N T R N ASSY IA EXTS T A SLITER ATED .

m ’ pan Pir a - a “Ta 1 km" b Arhu mahru sa Adari umu 1 4 lim - mu a mét a t §a _ kin

ARAMAIC to 73W?)

— - - N O . 2 0 . 8 1 2 4 , 1 5 2 .

m Kunuk Mi-n[a - hi - mi] Bel sin[nisati tada - ui] f Ya - kar - ahe mar[at fA -bi - ya - ah - ya naphar u 3 napsate 2 sa Mi - na - hj -m i 3 u - pis - ma fAt - ra - lgi- i ahat- sa sa f sa- kin - te ina libbi 2 man e kaspi a ‘ ana isten mani Sa Grar - ga - ml s il - ki kas - pu gam - mur ta- din nise su- a - tu zar - pu lak - ki- u tu - a - ru di - e- nu d a- ba - b u la - a - su man - nu sa igarru - u - ui 1 0 mane ( kaspi ) 1 mani hurasi a “ “ ina pur - ki Istar a - Sib Nina issak - ah kas - pu ana eSreti ana beli - su utar

1 E A . . . h as S E . N o d oub w e a e a n Wr itten D I R S . D D t h v ab b re t E 1 TA R v ia ed w riting of D I R S K . 2 h e d e ermina i Wr itten w ith ou t t t t v e. 3 - - - - ore correc l tu ia m a a nd ta d l ci . Of A . . . 209 Ob . 6 : tu M t y , p l D D f - - f - - - f tu alA i ar i nd lib bi m a ni ta d l I i No . 232 Oh. 6 p ii ma i a kin , g ;

74 SS N T TR NS A YRIA EXTS A LITERATED .

ina di - mi- su id ab ub - ma la ilakki m “mé‘ pan si- lim - ilu sangfi m pan Di- di m pan Mil - ki m pan Zu- u

N _ - 0 1 2 1 | B U l g l 5 9 ,

m [Kumuk Hu — da -a - a b el nise tada ~ ni] m d “ Marduk( - hu- ut - nu m ‘ A - di - i ahi- S u “mé‘ napharu 2 napsati arda- ni sa m Hu- da - a - a m ki u - pis - ma Nina - a - a m é‘ a éaku sa sarri ina lib - b i 1 mani 30 siklu kaspi ma‘ ina ma - ni- e sa G ar - ga - mis m ultu pan Hu - da - a - a [i]l - ki kas - pu gam - mur ta - di[n nise s]u - a - te za - a[r - pu] lak - ki- u tu - ar - u [di - e- nu d a]b ab [u la - ]as - s[u ] man[nu éa ina ur - kis] u m[a]- te - m[a] i- garru - u - ni

l o h m aic on i l M a en ion w a s c all ed t t e r a s ab e b M r . Jo n y tt t A th t t y h s. al s n n ion of it The c a t ogue make o me t . N TE X S TR N L 75 ASSYRIA T A S ATED . While he conducts his lawsuit he shall

- Before Silim ilu , the priest .

Before Didi , the Before Milki

- u Before Zu . governor o f the land of

ARAMAIC : Concerning Menahem .

N o . 2 1.

he o f a T seal Hud ,

owner o f the persons sold .

- utnu Marduk h , Adi , his brother ,

in all , two persons servants of a Hud ,

Nina- a and has concluded a bargain ( for them ) ,

the general o f the king . 30 o f For 1 mina , Shekels silver accord ing to the mina o f Car cheml s from Euda he takes ( them ) ; the price is paid in full ;

those persons are sold , l taken . Appea ,

lawsuit , complaint

W th e , shall not be . hoever in future whenever tl on he shall br i ng an ac at law , 6 N T 7 ASSYRIA EXTS TRANSLITER ATED .

m lu - u Hu - da - a - a ln- u aple- su apil aple— Su m ki itti Nina - a -a di - e- nu d ab ab u ub - ta - u - ui 1 0 mane kaspi 2 mane hurasi “u 3“ ina pur - ki IS- tar sa Nin a i- sak - kan kaspa a - na esreti

‘’ a - na beli - Su utar ina di - ui- su id ab ub - ma la i- lak -ki m a mé‘ 1 pan Bé l - dan - ah éalsu ha tfi m pan A - di - i m pan 1

“ A RAMAIC 13w y 0

— N o . 2 2 . S m . 9 2 1.

K u- um [ka nuki - su su - pur — su is - kun] m Su - pur Ilu - m[a - la - ku] b el ekli [tada - ni] bitu 30 im er ekli sa me bitu 2 i[m er ekli ‘ ? sa samm assammu s ig n) ina i- na ra - su[ a ‘ ina Ha - me kimm atu na kimmat u ri , kimmatu sa - ha - ru m u - pis - ma Man- nu - kfi m ultu pan Ilu - ma - la - [kuj

1 s H B Is i s s non m for H U I a i U . a . S 2 Th t , th y y R N TE XTs R N ASSY IA T A SLATED . 77

a either Hud , or son f his sons , the o his sons

N a- a who , with in ,

lawsuit , complaint shall bring , 1 0 of 2 o f mina silver , mina gold , in the treasury of Ista r o f Nineveh The shall deposit . money according to tenths to Wh its owners shall return . ile his lawsuit he ca rries o n he shall not take (it)

Bel - an Before dan , the third di Before A .

Before i .

AR AMAIC

N o . 2 2 .

- n a o f . I ste d his seal , he has placed his nail mark

- o f Il u - malaku The nail mark , owner o f the land which is sold . ' ‘ 30 i mar o f Real estate , land ' 3 of water ; real estate 2 i inér o f land ( 2) of sesame i n i n in the city o f flame A boundary is the canal a boundary is a boundary is and Mannuki has concluded a bargain for it . From Ilu - malaku

n n 14 a nd s i b i n 83— 1- 18 2 r i en ec u l i a rl . Cf . b u , i l i e , , , T h e s i n i s , w p g , tt y

mi the l i ne al o e er . read s i and C. I . S . o s g 338 R . 6. A . D . D . , , t t th N 78 ASSYRIAN TEXTS TRA SLITERATED .

ina libbi 1 1 Siklu ka[spi kaspa ga - mur ta - din eklu [Bu- a - tu zar - pu lak - ki- u]

ln- u apil l lu- u kur - b [u - éu

ln- u

Sa di - e[- nu dabahu] m itti M[a n- nu - ki fl aple 6 mane kaspi 1 mani hur[asi a “ ina pur - ki - ui- Su [id ab ub - ina, di ma] la i[- lak - ki] m m pan A pan Man a m’ p u . apil “Ta 2 b K i]slimi

" ‘ Am mo pm pm ”i pubs flJ‘l

— N O . 2 3 . K . 8 5 2 8 .

’ - - “ma m U p[i s ma m Ra m]man - n a i[d ina libbi i} mani és siklu kaspi il[ki] kas - pu ga - mur ta - din eklu su- a - tu zar - pu lak - ki- u tu - a - ru di - e- nu

1 A . r d a m are A . N 422 4 423 E a . . ea s z b u t co . . os. R nd D D , g ; p D D , ; , A; numero us rs o th e . 3 A . . . read s Taé r it b ut I h i nk the b roken Si n is b e er read D D , m t g tt ,

K islimu . R N R N ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 79 fo r eleven Shekels of silver he takes it ; the price is paid in full ; a that land is sold , is t ken . either the so n of o r his relative 2) or who , lawsuit , complaint with Mannuki o r (his) sons [ shall bring] , 6 of mina silver , 1 of mina gold , in the treasury o f While he conducts his lawsuit he shall not take it . Before A Before Man Before Before Before son of Before Before The month Kislimu

A RAMAIC The document concerning Elimalek of the land o f the city o f Hame .

N o . 2 8 .

’ And has struck a bargain for (it) Ramm an - nai d

officer . For i}: mina and 4 Shekels of silver he takes (it); the price is paid in full ; that land is sold , taken . Appeal , lawsuit, R N R N 80 ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLITERATED .

dabahu la - as - éu man - nu sa ina ur - kis ina ma - te- ma i- za - ku - pa-ni i- garru - ui lu- u m Ti - ti - i ln- u apil - Su l ‘' lu - u apil apil - su sa di - e- nu 7 " ’ d ab ab u itti Ramman - na id apil - su apil apil - Sn ub - ta - u - ui 4 mane kaspi misu - u 1 mani hurasi sak - r [u] ina pur - ki Istar a - [sib i- sak - kan kas - p[u]

ARAMAIC 11

‘lJlTND’i

— N o . 2 4 . K . 4 5 8 .

- e- dab ab u - as- si [. di nu ] la [man - nu sa igarru- ]ui [lu - u Zeru - tu l u ap[la- s]u [lu- u ] me - me - ui- éu m [sa itti] Im - sa - i [di - ]ui dababa ub - ta - u-ui

1 0 mane kaspi i- dan a - di - e sa sarri l n b el di - ui- su m pan éarru- ln- da - ri

1 l rror Written lawb y sc rib a e .

82 R N R N ASSY IA TEXTS T A SLITERATED .

7" “m“ - - 1 l - pan gab di i mu- kil PA ( P 1 7" “mé‘ 2 [pan ] Bir - am- ma - a salsu Si [pan ] m Man - nu - lu- u- ahu - u- a 7” [pan ] Bel - gab — bi- e 7“ a ma pan Barru - nuri rab alani 7" pan Nabu - kigall m pan Nal bas- sam e sangfi 7 " pan Na - sub pan 7" Tap( 2) “m l? Tebet[i

m m ‘ As i a n m a

_ N O 0 2 5 - K -3 7 8 4'

3 im er ina pan 2 im er 48 KA ina pa na aru 5 e 48 K A E — - ph im r , S [PAT MES ] sa apil sarri sa [kata 7 ” a m é’ Tu- ku - u - ui [ Sanu - u ] m ina pan Y a - a - i- si 9” ina pan Gab - b u- ilani [éa ] “5 Ha - ah - d a -a - t[u]

- - - - - PAT a 1 e 30 K A so. bi SE MES na im r , [ ta rab “m “ l esid ani

‘ ARAMAIC 7 i min: " B 0 0 0 y} 0 0 0 n

1 - a d s u d te . F re uen l S il t PA w ich Pei ser i e , S ; A D . D . I } q t y, h p , a a e p t . R N TE T N ASSY IA XTS RA SLATED . 83

ab i 3 f Before S d , the of icer . - a the Before Bir amm , third officer

e M - lfi - - Befor annu ahu a .

- Before Bel gabbie .

B - nfi ri o f Before arru , the chief cities . Before Nabu - kigallu(

N - S e Before albas am , priest Before NaSuh Before Tap( 2) Th e month Tebeth

ARAMAIC : Concerning

N o . 2 5 .

Three 2372 674 in possession of ' ‘

2 i inér 48 id . o f , l in possession 5 imer 48 i d o f in all , , l grain of o f the son the king, by the hand of Tukfi ni f the second o ficer , Y delivered to aisu ,

- a o f delivered to Gabbu il ni , the city o f Hand ua tu .

1 5272 27 30 kit of l . The grain to 3 itself sha l increase

Harvesters .

A R AMAIC Interest So n o f the king And

H[arvesters .

” 11 3 ld of h e reins A . . D ., . 2 a mel I S I . o er t , Fre uen l l I . Hu H D q t y , N N ASSYRIA TEXTS TRA SLITE RATED .

— — - N O . 2 6 . 8 1 2 4 , 8 9 5 .

[man - nu sa ina ur - kis ina ma - t]e - m[a] [i- za - ku - pa - ui i- ga]rr - u - ui [lu- u m l]u aple- su [ln- u apil apl]a- su manma - su 7” [sa di - nu d ab ab u itti nadi]n - ahe l [lu - u ap]l a- su lu - [u

" apil aple- eu ub - t]a - u - ui 1 0 man e [kaspi ] mane hurasi “2 ina pur - ki l s- tar “5 kt [a - sib N]ina issaka - an kas ~ pu [ana esret]i a - na beli - éu utar [ina di - ui- su ] id ab ub - ma la ilakki

Am m o am t/Nib]

- — N o . 2 7 . 8 3 1 1 8 , 8 8 5 .

2 im er( 2)

M - ina Ha tu ft). ““u kimmatu 7 Sin 2 kimmatu f Bi- Su( ) 7"W kimmatu U - la 7" u— pis - ma Ze[r ( 2) ina lib - bi 2 man[e kas - pu ga]- mur ( 2)

1 - A . D . D , h a s : d i n u . R N NS ASSY IA TEXTS TRA LATED . 85

N O . 2 6 .

W [ hoever in the future , whene]ver

[he shall rise up , enter an action at] law [either o]r his sons ’ o f [or his son s son , ] ( or ) any his relatives ,

a - ahe [who , a lawsuit , complaint with n d]in o r [or his son]s , ’ son 10 [his son s shall ] bring , mina o f o f [ silver , ] mina gold , of in the treasury Istar ,

ho N . [w dwells at ine]veh , shall deposit The money

[according to ten]ths to its owner shall return .

While he conducts [his lawsuit] he shall not take it .

A R AMAIC : Concerning ASurtab .

N o . 2 7 .

Six in the city o f Hatu a boundary is Sin a boundary is Bisu a boundary is Ula and has concluded a bargain for 2 mina of the price is paid in full .

2 A . D . D O , 86 T T ASSYRIAN TEX S RANSLITERATED .

D ‘pflDC’Wf ‘DWJ

LINE o r ASSYRIAN U ND E R THE A RAMAIC : 1 2 ( 2)- hat 2 imer sET AT s[a

- N O . 2 8 . K . 8 5 2 9 .

' A RAMAIC N lJ[x]

1 d s sink b ut i s i s u nl i kel unless th e scr i b e mad e a n A . rea . D . D , , th y , error . 11 . me b u Si n i I i nk t a i one ed e one. A . . read s d t s W w D D , , g , th , , th g g ASSYRIAN TEXTS TRAN SLATED . 87 Before

Am m o ; Vineyard( z) o f St u2)mata

ASSYRIAN 2 imér grain of

N o . 2 8 .

Before

A RAMAIC Rent .

B BY O I X I D A L N AN TE TS TRANSL TERATE .

- - - N O . 2 9 . 7 6 1 0 l 6 , 17 ,

- - - 7” A di i u mu sa Pa - ui- Nabii - te- e— mu m - su sa Ilani- a - - - ahi o k nu u a ’ ultu a - hu- la ib - bi- ir

f - B u ra - su pu - ut Se- e- pi éa m Ilani - ka - nu - u - a a ssati- Su ‘ i ------na kata m Pa ui Nab ii te e mu na sa a tu fi - mu éa m Pa - ui- Na bfi - te - e- mu 7” i- te - bi- ir Ilani - ka-nu - u- a

- - 7" ta bak kam - ma a -na Pa - ui- Nabu - te - e- ma ta - nam - din “m“ 7” mu - kin - nu Ba - lam - ma - nu 7 " “m” apil - su sa Bal - tu - mu d amkaru sarri 7” ”u m Bel - s tir apil - su sa Nergal - abu - usur

( L in e er a sed . )

"H z“ Nergal - Sar - usur apil - su sa m Ba - lam -ma- nu “m“ 7" 7 " 22 “ u d upsar Nabfi - zer - iddi h apil - Eu sa Asur m agir 1 k" a m km” KU SU b U luli umu 2 mm “u Sattu 2 m Nergal - sar - usur sar Babili

A RAMAIC D0 33!)

— - - N o . 3 0 . 8 2 9 18 , 5 0 a .

2 [kaspu ] i( 2)- di b itati sa a - na a - ba - at - tum “( a ka m iddi h - na b Teb eti sattu S

1 e b u I m no a are h a th e s i n h as a al ue Th e C . I . 8 . read s U t a t w . , p , t t g th t v f n o f a b a ttum se n u n I t is trea ed as a r o er For d i sc ussio e I trod c t i o . t p p B BY IAN X T A D A LON TE TS R NSLATE .

N o . 2 9 .

Until the day when Pani - Nabfi - temu of a brother Il ni kanua ,

returns , from the other side B urasu , against the flight

o f a - anfi a Il ni k , his wife ,

o f - Nab fi - e in the hand Pani t mu is a pledge . The day when Pani - Nabu - temu

to a - anfi a returns , Il ni k

she shall go back ; to Pani - Nabfi - temu n she is ( ow) iven . W : alammanu itnesses , ’ son of Baltumu o f , merchant the king .

- - - Bel s son o f Ne . tir , rgal abu usur

( L i ne er a sed . )

Ne - Sa r - of Salammanu rgal usur , son

u- z - h of - a Nab er . and the scribe , iddi , son Asur m gir 2 At ( ) the month Elul , the second day ,

- - of Ne Sar o f . the second year rgal usur , king Babylon

a ut m A RAMAIC : P nnab e .

N o . 3 0 .

the of aba ttu m. Silver , rent houses which are for shall be given . The month Tebeth , the eighth year of

n m in l l v is t men ions th e w or d b ut is not sure of t he read a e C . I S . T a . q t , in as h e ound it al wa s wi th e s ll ab le ba t . g, f y th y , (91) 2 B B L N N TE X S R N D 9 A Y O IA T T A SLITERATE .

‘ ’ M Nabil - na id Sar Babili m Siklu ( 2) m Kal - b a - a apil - Sn Sa Ri- mut 7” 12 " m Kal - b a - a apil - Su Sa Samas - eriba m Ra mman - na - ti - en- ilu Nabfi - it- ti - ya D]a - di - ya d]u - ya Bel - a - dag- gal ”u Gulu

Bel [napharu m]ane 4 Si klu katati [kaspi i- di ] b itati Sa ( 2) a - na a - b a - at - tum

ARAMAIC

N — — - O . 8 1 1 8 2 7 1 4 , 7 2 5

“ 41 2 is- sur pa- as - pa - su m m akkur ( 2) Sarri Sa kata Nabfi - ahe- bul( 2)- lit m apil - Sn Sa Da - ui- ya u K i- sir - ya apil - Sn Sa m Bel - a - na - biti - Su m So- pit i - Nabi1 apil - Su Sa m Nergal - u - Se- zib ina m uhhi m Mar - E - sag— gil - lu— mur( 2 a mé‘ ’ a“ refi is - sur Sa Samas [a - n]a pu - kud - d u- u 1 - it Sa Abi i- n[am - di]n

a m“ 7" mu - kin - ui Ba ( 2)

1 l ou one ex ec s ki ere t h e remains o f th e S i n ma ke th e r ea d A th gh p t h , g in en irel uncer ain g t y t . B B N N T 93 A YLO IA EXTS TRAN SLATED .

f k o . Nabonidus , ing Babylon

so n o f Rimut . Shekels , Kalba ,

of eriba . Kalba , son Samas a l Ramm n naten i u.

il - - Nab itti ya .

- Dadi ya .

d - u ya .

- - - Bel a dag gal .

Gula .

o f in all , mina Shekels o f fo r Silver , rent houses which are

a ba tia m .

é ARAM A IC : Aba .

N o . 3 1 .

ort - d s d sf it F y one p p birds , 2 o f Na bfl property ( ) the king , which , by the hand of

ahé - bullit , son o f Daniya and K isirya

f Bel - - i - Su son o ana b ti , f a uSezib son o N gal , are in the possession of

- E a illumur Mar s gg , caretaker of the birds of b amas for preservation .

o f the month Ab it shall be delivered . Witnesses : Ba ri( 2) 94 B B L N N S NS A Y O IA TEXT TRA LITERATED .

m ‘ apil - S11 Sa m ri - Su Nab ii - kenu in l ‘' apil - Su Sa m Sada- rab u - sum idain 7” m Zeri - ya apil - Sn Sa Ri- mut “mé‘ m u d upsar Ri- mut api[l - Su ] 7” 7" éa Nabu - ki- Sir apil - Sn Sa K a - din - nu - ilu ‘ M “m h a m Sippar 2 il mu 1 7 W m 7" ’ Satta 2) Na[bu - na] id 7 “ Sar Babili

ARAMAIC

— - - N . 3 2 . O 7 9 4 1 9 , 3 .

Sinipa t mani 7 Si klu kaspi f Ma - hi- tum marat - s u Sa m Nabfi - ai- lu ( 2)- ul - a - ba ( 2)- as 7" ina muh - hi Ilu - lub lut- ilani - ki- b i( 2) m a m apil - Sn Sa za - bi- da - a ina b Nisani ( 2) i- nam - din f K u - nu - na - a ( a m“ gal - lat - su maS- ka - nu

f - - - Sa Ma hi tum i di am el - ut ya - a - nu u hub ul[li kas]pi ya - a - nu “m “ 21“ ma - kin - nu m gadu - rabil - bul - lit 3 apil - Su Sa m Sa - Nabii - Su - u m 7" 2 Nabu - nadin apil - S11 Sa It - ti - il ani - b alatu ( ) “m“ 7” d upsar m Bel - id - dan - nu apil - Sn Sa Na - din ki “m km” Babil a l? Ta Sreti nmu 8 km” Satt a 4 m Kam - b u- zi- y[a ] k‘ Sar Babili u matate A RAMAI o upT his w a n:

1 O r s oul d e rea d B et ? h , ’ 2 - l n s l d b e ro 0 . I . S . ol d s a th e end in a a o i th e en i i c o uns ou h th t g , , g t , h p

ounced a i a nd c es a s r oo t h e ra ma ic r e ro d uc ti on of is n ame. n , , i t p f A p th B B N N R N A YLO IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 95

son of - Su - ri . Nabfi kenu g, , son of S a- - Sum - ad rabu iddih .

e - a of i Z ri y , son R mut ;

Rim ut o f and the scribe , , son

Na bfi - o f K adinnu- kisir , son ilu . Si a ra 1 h pp , the month the 7t 1 0 th o f N the year abonidus , o f king Babylon .

A R : - Esa il- AMAIC Mar gg lumur .

N o . 3 2 .

Two - o f a 7 o f o f Mahi um thirds mina , Shekels silver t , o f Na bfi - allulab as sister , 7 ” received by l lu - lub l ut— ilani o f Za bida h son . In t e month Nisan h e - a shall return ( it ) . Kunna ( his slave , shall be a pledge o f Ma itum h . Hire o f the slave a nd shall not be , interest on the money shall not be .

W : a - - itness (es ) Sad rabu bullit , ‘ - bii - Su- u son o f Sa Na .

- - a - latu N a o f b a . abu n din , son Itti il ni

Bel - iddannu of Na The scribe , , son din TiSri 8th Babylon , the month , the day, 1 4th o f the year Cambyses , o f king of Babylon and countries .

A R : AMAIC The slave , Kani ;

47 . silver Shekels ,

m - 1 — 14 w i c h i i B u t co a re I l tsa a in i n No . 34 80 0 s e resented p , i p ( , h p l s im i a rly . 3 ‘ I I I Th e S i n for N b i i s w ri n ic f . B . A . . 403 no e 1 g a t tte tw e, C , , t , 96 BAB YLONIAN TEXTS TRAN SLITERATED.

- - N O . 3 3 . 9 18 , 3 3 5 .

Sinipat mani kaspi Sa gi- in- nu Se 7” “ Ni- din - tum - Bel apil - Sn Sa Bel - ri - man - ni 7” 2 “ ina muh - hi Marduk - ri - man - ni m a mél apil - Sn Sa Bel - uball - it apil NI - So R - gino “Ta ina b Sabati i- nam- din u - ah - tim 1 SuSSanu Si Siklu kaspi pisu - u 1 a 1 7 Siklu kaspi Sa gi- ih - nu 7” l l“ Sa Ni- dinu tum Sa ina muh - hi m Marduk - ri - man - ui e- tir - tum Si- i (er a sure) a m” m‘ 2 “ ma - kin - nu Ramm an - Sa r - usur 2 “ 2 apil - S11 Sa m Samas - a - a - b i

7” 2 “ 7“ 7 ”1 1“ 8a maS- ub allit apil - Sn Sa Bel - kasir apil Sin itti - a ” W“ a mél m Nergal - Sum - iddih d upsar apil - Sn éa Iki - Sa apl a “m“ 2 ‘ apil m Ni — SU R - gine Sip - par “Ta km" W m b Teb eti fi mu 1 8 Sa ttu 3 m Da - ri - mu - uS- Su Sar Babili u matate A RAMAIC

— N O . 3 4 . 8 9 4 0 4 4 , 2 5 7 .

50 Si klu kas[pi piSu- u Sa ina ista]n Si klu bit - [ka ] 7 ”2 “ nu - uh- hu - tu Sa la ginu Sa Marduk ( 2) 7” d u m apil - Sn Sa Ramman- uball - it ina muh - hi Iki- Sa - apl u

“ ” 1 is a ssa e is a a ins Peiser w h o r o es c a s fo r is u a nd Th p g g t , p op s h p , “ ” “ ” d i d fo r inn i l nd d a nd c re e u . P neh es t i a ns a tes inn b st ar t g g a y a , ” i r e ie e ssne s c s . M , p 2 A r ubb ed or erased si n ossibl kud . g , p y ,

98 B B N N T S TR N R A YLO IA EXT A SLITE ATED .

m 7” 2 “ l mari - Su Sa Mard uk- Sum - usur apil Bal - epe- eS- ilu “Ta ina bArahsamni kasp a 50 Siklu pisu - u Sa ina istan Siklu pit - ka nu - uh — hu- tu Sa la ginu i- nam - din “m“ 7” mu - kin - nu Bel - iddin- na apil — Sn 7" Sa m U - bar apil Bel- e- te - ru 7 " Di u apil - Su 7" 2 “ 7" “u Sa Marduk - Sum - usur apil Nfi r - Sin

m 7” l l Gi- mil - ln apil - Sn Sa iRamman- bullit - su m m 2 “ 7” Ni- ku- d a apil - Sn Sa Samas - uball - it apil 7” 2 m 2 “ Mil - ki apil - Sn Sa Ramm an - ibni ama m 7” u d upsar Mu- Se- zib - Bel apil - Sn Sa La -a - b a - Si “T“ apil m Su-ha - a - a Sippar bAb i

W “ t am 7" umu 27 [Sa]ttu 7 Da - ri - mus Sar Sar a a Babili m t te .

ARAMAIC 40+ W ’ T i wps 512

— — - N O . 3 5 . 8 2 9 1 8 , 4 0 3 4 .

6 KA as - ui- e ina m ati i su “Ta S[a ] b Simani a - na m “m“ Ri- mut galli iddah - nu “m l? Simani km" umu 1 2

kam 7” Sattu 1 8 Da - ri - a - [m uS] Sar Sar a a Babili , m t te ARAMAIC T’JDN

“ ” 1 Hi l r e h t i n B a b l o ni a n E x ed i io n e tc Vol ll so r e d c . U s u a y a . p , y p t ,

- - s on m c m l fo r E a e es a n . IX . , 25, a rgue c v g y p B B N N R N 99 A YLO IA TEXTS T A SLATED .

f - Sum - f el - — o o B e eS . son Marduk usur , son p ilu Marchesvan 50 In the month , Shekels of white silver in single - shekel pieces

n i t l which are no t gin he sha l give.

W : Bel - iddina of itnesses , son

f - o Bel o . Ubar , son teru Di son o f

- - f ii r - in Sum o N S . Marduk usur , son

- - Gimillu o f a a S u . , son R mm n bullit

Ni ud u o f Sa maS- uba llit o f k , son , son

2 - ki o f a - Mil ) , son Ramm n ibni , and MuSez ib - Bel son o f L ab aS i the scribe , , ,

f a- a i ara Ah o S . S son uh pp , the month , 27th 7th o f the day , the year Darius , f o f o . king Babylon , king lands 40 A RAMAIC : The contract concerning Shekels , against IkSi

N o . 8 5 .

Six lid o f produce in the land there S to of the month ivan , imut o f R , servant

it shall be given . S The month ivan , 1 2th the day, the 1 8th year o f Darius

f of . king o Babylon , king lands

AR AMAIC Produce .

2 n er as ure b ut M i l is rob ab l e. Written o v er a , p 1 00 B B N N N A YLO IA TEXTS TRA SLITERATED .

— - — N O . 3 6 . 8 2 9 l 8 , 3 1 0 a .

6 man e 52 Si klu kaspi Sa ginfi ina kaspi Simu

a mel Sa Ar - ma - a — a a - n[a m < > - Sum - ukin iddin na “Ta m b a 1 2 W ] Ululi umu 1 8 kam Satt 8( ) m ki V D a - ri -mu - Su Sa r Babili sar m atate

° ° ' A RAMAIC : VP) l n’ ’ i NQDJ ’ i r3 i

— - - 1 N O . 3 7 . 8 2 9 1 8 , 4 9 a .

l isten eru d a - u - d u- u Sa 1 hiltu ha - tu m m Sa D u- muk apil - Su Ss Na bfi - Bel- Su- nu a - na i- di - Su a - na arah 72 KA SE - BAR a - na ( " 2 “ 7” 2 “ Ki- Samas apil - Sn Sa E -te- r u u m SamaS- iddin 7" flu “Ta apil - Su Sa K i- SamaSid - din ul - tu umi 6 Sa b TaSriti a m - - - - — b erfi d u u d u u ina pani Su ul tu umi 6 Sa Ta Sriti a r a ’ 2 h - — - [a - na um]i Sa TaSriti 3 6 K A SE BAE i nam i ultu m‘ “N - - — ? “ - b N]isani a di - i eru d a u d u U Sa D u muk ama 3 [a - n]a gal - la - bi i- di b iti “ma ( m ’ ina pan mu- ud - du p erfi d u- u - d u - u i- iram - i ’ arah a - um i- di eru d u-u-d u i- nam - i

' pu - ut eril d u— u - d u man -nu ad - d a ei fi d u- u- du ‘Zu 2 “ ’ m Ki- Samas m Samas- iddih na - as - u

1 Th i s v ery ob scu re t a bl et is m ad e more so b y t h e c a rel ess ness of t he scrib e .

3 Perh a p s in t end ed for i - n a m -d in 3 r n r su re and ill e i b le Ov e a e a g .

1 02 B B N N T TS TR NS T D A YLO IA EX A LITERA E .

“mi l m 7” mu - kin Nabn- Sum - usur apil - Su Sa Nabu - m a - un din 7” 7" “u apil - Su Sa Rag - zu Nergal - Sum - idd in apil - S11 Sa 7” ”u Marduk - zer - ibni m m ”‘ apil Ir - a - u i Eriba - a apil - Su Sa Ib - ri - ya m 2 “ m Iddin- Bel apil - Sn Sa m Samas — a - a Bel- zeru 7” 2 “ m apil - Su Sa Sin- etir Ahu- Su - nu apil - S11 éa Bel massare 9 " 7" - m - - - apil Am el b ilti Ni di n tum apil Sn Sa Ahu Su- nu m m SamaS- uball - it apil - Su Sa Nabfi - kin- abu - sabe m 7" K ud - da - a apil - Sn Sa Nabu- nadin E rib a - a m ” 1 apil - Sn Sa Su— kud - a - a Bel - id - dan - nu

7" 2 “ a mél 7 "2 “ apil - Sn Sa Sam - meS- ab - ( bi) d upsar Samas

ibni . 7“ “Ta km” apil - Sn Sa Bel - itti Sip - par b Ta Sriti il mu 4 km " 7” k' Sattu 1 7 Da - ri - ya -muS Sar Babili u m atate m m 3 Na bfi — Sum - ukin apil - Sn Sa Nab u- Sum - is - ui ( 2) A RAMAIC DTP 17 N3 7 }? ' ‘ Ni l’ l flN WW ”:

3 3

— - - N o . 3 8 . 8 2 9 18 , 5 1 a .

8 Siklu kaspi pisu

7} mani 6 Siklu rebu - ut kaspi ginti a - na mahiri Sa SamaSSami m a - na Erib a - a id din - na

“ ” 1 l rec h t on th e r ou n d o f a n ra ma i c d oc k e d er i es a ll s uc Hi p , g A t, v h B B N N N 1 03 A YLO IA TEXTS TR A SLATED .

’ W : N - Sum - N u -mu - uh itnesse (s ) abu usur , son of ab din (

Ne - Sum - iddin f - so n o f Ra zu . o zar g rgal , son Marduk

ibni , a h son of Ib ri a f . so n o . Ir ni Eri a , y

- el f a Bel- e Idd in B o . , son Samas z ru ,

o f in- e ir A uSunu so n o f Bel - e son S t . h , massar

- bi i id ni um huS of e lt . N t so n of A unu . son Am l ,

- b alli o f N - ki - 2 - e u son n . Samas t, abu abu( ) sab

a f - a d ri o N . E ba Kudd , son abu n in ,

o f a Bel - idd annu son Sukud . ,

o f - - son Samas abi . The scribe , Samas ibni ,

f B - i a a 4th o el . r son itti S pp , the month Tisri , the

day , 1 7th of of the year Darius , king of Babylon , and ies co utr .

N - Sum - i o f abfi - Sum - N . abu uk n , son isni

AR AMAIC : The pledge which is before

Ki- Samas ; the rent of the house . 6

N o . 8 8 .

Eight Shekels o f white 2) silver one - half mina 61 Shekels of silver ginni t for the price of sesame n to E rib a it is give .

- 3 = or ms rom t he ul ar ss r i a n n a ana . C . I . 8 . read s i ssa i s f f v g A y , t , ( 104 B B N N T S R N A YLO IA EXT T A SLITERATED .

san g 1 6 km " 7" Sattu 1 9 Da - ri - mus k Sar Babili l Sar m a[tate]

AR AMAIC Dfl’ i f

— - - N 0 . 3 9 1 8 2 9 18 , 2 9 5 A .

9 ( 2) Siklu kaspi pisu a - na 1 20 EA [Sam]aSSami( 2) 7 Sikl u kaspi pisu a mani kaspi ginu a - na m aban gab - u a - na U kin-ya “W 2 iSparu iddi h — na t“2) mani 6 Siklu kaspi pisu - u 1 8 Siklu Su - tur napharu 1 mani kaspi pisil ( 2) ‘ ii mani giuli m 1 Sa ESu - s tir ina E - babbar - ra a m km M W] bAd ari fi mu 1 1 Satt u 29 ( 2) m D a - ri - mu - Su Sar m atate [ri]- ih - tum — Su e- lat kaspi alpu ( 2) a 3 gi n SE - BAR

ARAMAIC new : ’ i

— — — 2 . N o . 4 0 . 8 2 7 l4 , 15

2

' ”"él ”‘ - a mu- kin - nu Ra apil Sn Sa m m Nab fi - zé r - liéir apil - Su Sa Ap - d u ( 2)

- ‘ . - - r c on 1 n a esi t eti r S ee in Zec . 7 : 2 fo a Cont r ac ted for I . lyN H” h I t is not necessar to a mend th e ex ere as t rac ted Heb rew name . y t t h

06 B B LON N T TR NS R T A Y IA EXTS A LITE A ED . m m Su- ka - a - a apil - Su Sa Ni - din - tum

” 7" Bel - e- te- ru apil - Sn Sa Bel- id - dan - nu m 2 “ m Marduk - nasir apil - Su Sa Bel - etir “ma W I“ I a m 2 d upsar Bel - bullit- su Babilu bA bi 2 6+ ka m km” ”‘ Sattu 28 Ar - tak- sa - as - su Sar Ba[bili ”‘ su- pur Za- bi- Si

ARAMAIC DD? TOW

_ 2 N O . 4 l - K - 5 4 2 4 C .

”‘ mar] Sa Beli - Su- nu

”‘i ’u sa pur Anum - usur mar Sa E - din - tum

a mel ”" a m W “ ard i Sa Anum - usur i ii a bAari Sattu 1 8( 2) 3 SE BAR< 2) A - AN 530 ( 2) 6 GUR( i ) A S- A - AN M 1 30 GUR 90 K A ina ma - S1 - h u Sa m A num - usur i- nam - din - nu m e- lat Su - zu - b u id - din - nu

a m“ m m u - kin - nu Ahu - Su - nu ”‘ m mar Sa Bel - id - dan - nu Nab fi - bullit- su m ‘ m mar Sa Nab ii - abu - Su Bé l — bullit — su 7” 4 m mar Sa Su - lum - Babili L a - kip ”‘ mar Sa Bel - bull - it m am“ “ Mard uk- n asir d upsar apil Sa Bel - Sum - usur

' " ' AR AMAIC I ll ll lD’ D fl? ' nfl73 (2) ' nnw n 7

1 2 Poss i b l a b ad l w r i en E . Th e S i n B I L i s i e ea ted . y y tt g , , p 2 ” ou m a rked K i t seems to a e come rom B a b l onia . Th g h , h v f y B B L N N TR N E A Y O IA TEXTS A SLAT D . 1 07

S a- a so n o f Nidin um uk , t .

Bel - e eru o f Bel- idd ann t , son u .

- a so n of Bel - etir Marduk n sir , .

Bel - - su . The scribe , bullit Babylon , the month 26th the day , 28th o f a the year Art xerxes , king of Babylon .

- ZabiSi The nail mark of .

f Z i ARAMAIC : The contract o ab Si.

N o . 4 1 .

a - S son of B li unu , of n - son o f Edintum A um usur , of - i 8th servant Anum usur , in the month Iyyar , the 2 a ( ) ye r .

seo 6 i n i of - A - AN Grain w , g ( ) AS

1 30 u n 90 i d to - g , ( , according the measure of An um usur they shall be given

to uzu u in addition S b they will give .

W : - S itnesses Ahu unu ,

o f Bel - iddan - b ullit u nu . N s son abu ,

n f - - Su Bel - b ullitsu so o N . abu ahu ,

- of . son Sulum Babili Lakip , f el - son o B bullit .

- f Bel - S m - a o u . Marduk n sir , the scribe , son usur

A RAMAIC

3 Z i mer u es s a is is t h e id eo r ain for a ssa ne. B . A . III . . e s gg t th t th g ( , p 4 W ritten : E ki 1 08 B AB YLONIAN TEXTS TRAN SLITERATED .

— N 3 . o . 4 2 . K . 3 7 8

m ” umu 1 2 k 2 KA akale tu ‘ km " il mu 1 7 2 KA akal e tu u - ta - bi- tu u a - da( 2) su- bar - ru - u ki- me iSten mi - di - Su ma - hi- r[u “W T Sa muh - hi biti akale ik i 3 kkal ki . . rap akalu nu - tu ki- i ikka l Sa ma - ha - ri yu u

‘ ARAMAIC l b y in w' hj i “ H i p ' wr h n w '

l ° w 1)

- “ M n my

1 10 B BY L ON IAN R N R A TEXTS T A SLITE ATED .

— - - N o . 4 3 . 8 2 3 2 3 ,

5 Siklu a - n]a ( 2) Se 5 Sikl u 3 i l S u . g k nu . nu 4 Sikl u ik- bi

a m“ kaspu Sa a - na San o' u Sa u- ki- rib a [- na ] Samas 2 ‘ a - na Babili is - Su - u “ AR AMAIC i f me;

— — — N o . 4 4 . 8 1 7 11, 15 15 .

T o l b o k w ( h is t ab let c o nta ins n y a few r e n edges . )

. A RAMAIC 53 0 0 0 3 5W 0 0 0

— — - N o . 4 5 . 8 0 11 12 , 12 9 0 ,

This h a s th e rem a ins o f fo u r lines o n th e o b v erse a nd fo u r h b h im e o f A r t xerxe o n t e re erse a nd is ro a b l fro m t e t a s . v , p y

“me’ Bél - ahi - Su m ‘ Bab ilu a bA ari 11 m u 1 0

Ar - tak[- sa - as - su A RAMAIC :

— — — N O . 4 6 . 8 2 3 2 3 , 2 6 8 .

“Ta 2 fiAd ari 2 5 kab . kat . ( ) ( ) km km” nmu 3 Sattu 1 2 2 “2 2 2221 2 . kab . kat ) " A RAMAIC 13 0 "

1 i is a n unb a k ed c l a ab le b a d l c ru mb l ed a nd m os l i l le i b l e. Th s y t t, y t y g B N N R N BA YLO IA TEXTS T A SLATED . 1 1 1

N o . 4 3 .

5 Shekels 5 shekles 32 Shekels 4 Shekels w silver , hich is for the priest of who shall offer it to Samas to Babylon

they shall bring it .

2 ARAMAIC : The writing o f Darak( )

N o . 4 4 .

Contains only fragments .

N o . 4 5 .

o f Seems to be from the time Artaxerxes , and to “ ” i have in Arama c the word peace , or part of a

proper name .

N o . 4 6 .

f Five o the month Adar ,

6th 1 2th . the day , the year Two the month

AR AMAIC The W eaver( 2)

th e ob erse w il e obl i uel across the re erse i s the I t is inscr ib ed on v , h q y v a i l ine of A ra m c .

M IC F ARA A RE ERENCE NOTES .

- ‘ N O 0 l n K n 4 0 5 1

5 ’ ‘ .12/9 W7 7 t 1 [pnanrw

THE o f Aramaic , which only the last letter is want

o f n D ainu - - b a ing , is a transcription the ame , kur ” “ . i n) an Compare the Hebrew and Arama c , i and notice that the Aramaic here has 3 instead of P (See ’ ’ 1 b u t 6a W . B . . 35 M . 8 . H . , p , and eissner s S pp , p )

— - - N O . 2 . 8 1 2 4 , 1 4 7 .

— - K . 3 7 8 5 8 1 2 . 4 s l 4 7 .

X7 27

‘ ' ‘ 1" 7L H0 77 man) ? w e en i m 11 I Il l /”9 H 9 m u m MW M i n i 1

R - of A HEA T SHAPED tablet concerning a loan grain , (1 1 5) 1 1 6 R N A AMAIC REFERE CE NOTES .

on o n inscribed the obverse with cuneiform , and the a he reverse with Aramaic . R wlinson identified t SE PAT - MES o f the cuneiform with the o f the ” Briinno w Aramaic , and translated , rice . suggests “ ” te a m) . the more likely in rpret tion , fi l , interest

m 9 57 soime o E - - In S . the r f S PAT MES is referred to e as SE - in line twelv BAR , which will bear interest no t d u n if paid when e. O this latter tablet occurs the same Aramaic word in the plural construct , that is , e o f r aped . Although the use the plural lends prob ’ to ability Rawlinson s suggestion , it would be difficult in this case to say that the Aramaic word refers to

- - SE PAT rather than SE BAR . It is unlikely that

- PAT SE - SE at the beginning is generic and BAR ,

u l . sed ater , specific

The second word is , I think , 7131, only the first let ter being rendered doubtful by a hole in the tablet . a Line four cont ins an enumeration corresponding, I

to . e suppose , the cuneiform I read aft r the num

5 to 5 imer . ber , which refers most likely the Then follows and a rubbed Sign , which looks like although o ne expects to find here mention of the 30 [i d o f line six in the cuneiform . 5 for . . . 53 A D D . III , , reads 3 as an abbreviation ” time , and thinks that it belongs to the enumera ” 7 . tion following , that is , months The Sign I " have interrogated is said to be 1, and to belong to the

first word of the following line . This I think to be extremely unlikely , because there was no reason for " separating i from the word in the next line , to which e it belonged ; and secondly , b cause the Sign , as I see 3 85 " K . 7 l . it, cannot possib y be 1 It is true that in l “ ” accompanies the word for harvesters , but it is not needed there.

1 C R N 1 8 ARAMAI REFE E CE N OTES .

. . S . C I reads the first word in the second line , the o ne : only very doubtful , JD, and translates Venditio Husiae Sig(abac ) capitum septem Arad The o f last letter this disputed word is probably J, the two d a but prece ing are , I feel cert in , the same as

tw o in the 7 . the first enumeration , which follows

. ur o e to h e and Doc J . gives n valu t first second si gns the o f the f in first word line two ; fi th Sign , clearly h e r The of J, eads 3 . sign the genitive is not recog niz ed . . . lm b ut Dr Peiser reads the disputed word fi , no suggests translation . I read these signs as above , ix the and translate , and s others ( J being a con " f The or . traction , perhaps , 1733 seventh letter in l b ut o n this ine is peculiarly made , comparison with

No . 1 8 and others I am satisfied it is W. f . . 42 to o D . . A D , II , 11 , seems accept the proposal ” . Si ab a S . C I . , go as a contraction for g , but this

ol . 704. opinion is revised in V . III ,

— ‘ N O : s i 8 8 I 18 , 3 3 8

“ L? 7 n.

- am p ln mh ]

THIS is th e Aramaic rendering o f th e name in line 2 o f three( ) the cuneiform , only traces Of which are b ut to b e e left , which is read in accordanc with the “ ” - - - 29 i i . D . . . D 7 Aramaic : Mar k h ta In A . , III , , “ ” - - i- a Mr . Johns corrects his text , Mar ti h g , accord in l The on ta g y. Aramaic script this blet was very AR M R N S 1 1 9 A AIC EFERE CE N OTE .

a c refully and clearly written . Alongside Of the last three letters o f this proper name will be seen punctu w a ation points , hose me ning , if they have any , I have not been able to discover .

N o . 5 b .

NEITHER am I able to suggest anything definite for the fragments o f two lines of Aramaic that appear o n the end o f this tablet .

THE fi rst and second words are inscribed o n the end . of T the tablet . hey occur around the hole left by 20 A M E RA AIC R FERENCE NOTES.

the stick which held the lump o f clay while the tab

let was being formed . The second line is written

along the seal space , which accounts in part for the e o f o f p culiarity some the letters . f I o ...... 4 S D II . 53 A D , , , follows the order C I , ' which places the word W WW first ; but I found no a m space between these words , and satisfied that

ma pcomes first . I examined closely the three lines o n h t e tablet immediately before as seen in C . I .

t bi t l O . 42 15 S . Pa rs eeund d Tomi s I Tti a e N 0 , S , , a b,

and decided that no letter was intended there . In the ’ No . 42 N a reference just given , c will show why p pear under I va) : the word was written o n the na r row shoulder of the tablet between [WWPand a line “ of : he of in Assyrian . I would translate T bond ” e a ud u i t rcet which is upon N b r .

‘ - npa 1? wan s ans iii i

P‘ "I’ i

S THI inscription is very difficult to decipher , as most o f the proper names are wanting in the eu neiform , and the Aramaic itself was carelessly scratched on the hard ta blet .

1 22 F N ARAMAIC RE ERE CE NOTES.

— - - N O . 8 . 8 0 7 1 9 , 5 2 .

2 7 l ‘ 17 l av . 13 ’ l Hi

ALMOST the entire obverse of this tablet which re f to o r o . ferred the rent sale land , is gone The of names the principals in the case , as well as the o f terms the contract , are lost , and it is impossible to m o f find eans comparison for the Aramaic , which is also broken at both beginning and end . The letters

that remain are very distinctly cut , and I have repro d uced them as accurately as possible . The second " f letter is l, I think , though often the only dif erence

" between this and l is the length o f the stem ; and no o f when both are not present , and other means

i s to . comparison at hand , it difficult decide The of Sign the genitive is certain . I am not sure about e two or the n xt letters , the first is D 9 and the second ,

1, I think .

- - - No . 9 . 8 3 l 18 , 3 2 9 .

I “ l l ' l ) 47) 37Z l /l l l l l l / l

- m i 71 13 0 13 15

THIS tablet probably recorded the sale o f a slave a iku of belonging to S p . Unfortunately the names the R R N A AMAIC REFE E CE N OTES . 1 23

slave and the purchaser have disappeared , though the name o f the latter may be preserved in the second

o f . line the Aramaic The Sixth letter in this line C . " ‘ f Nab ii - Sa . S . o r I reads 1, and gets the equivalent ” h iddi . I think the letter is 73 , without much doubt, ’ Peiser s and I agree with reading, which gives us “ o f - Sum - h u the equivalent Nabu iddi . Peiser q es

io and . t ns the fourth , fifth , sixth letters also

— - - — N o . 1 0 . 8 2 5 2 2 , 1 7 6 b . C a s e . A 4 0 2

7 9 2 L0

s ea: wa s pi 3

h r o T e . F r . A amaic here is very clear DWJN, cf ' w N lJN r es ec the Hebre and Aramaic , and , p ' h ivel to e i r iti . T e t y. It corresponds the Assyrian g

' f n i i t d u n word is a synonym o d a n t and pp . And to

b W . B . . 225 the examples cited y H . , p b, should be ' - f added sci bit egi r t tt .

_ N 0 . 11 - X-3 2 0 1

13 37 00 33) flwx

' R WL N N ne A I SO reads this , 1337 317 n , attestation ” o - f Abed Nebo . He remarks that the only doubtful letter is the first . 124 A C N AR MAI REFERE CE NOTES.

" - - . . S . m N . C I reads , DJ y DWN, Mulier Arad ebo The second and sixth letters in the second word are

alike , and , I think , are 3 .

J ur . [NJJJDUWJSW DJ Doc reads , P, that is , I sup ” f il iba - i s o S t N . T pose , sale ana his an attempt to connect the reading with the proper name mentioned of f in line six the cunei orm . r M . Johns ingeniously conjectures that the broken ' it- ti- d tn wedges before , line twelve , should be read , ' ” a ssn tsu - Su , his wife , and that the slave here pur “ ’ chased was presented to the Ardi - Nab ii o f line

- o : twenty eight . S we should read the Aramaic ” Vif o f - h N e Ardi Nebo . This would suit t e first “ ” word in my Copy , which can well be rendered wife .

The second word , however , must probably be read , ” - Nab fi Abed , which would still be a very good “ - N a equivalent for the Assyrian word , Ardi ab . w The third letter in the second ord is very doubtful . " I am uncertain whether the scribe intended I o r meant or to erase a letter , used a worn stylus that left sev eral meaningless marks .

— N O . 12 0 K 1 3 2 9 1

‘ ‘ L’ W ’ 5 “ Lfl 1 ) i 7 7 - m i

N of two a FAI T traces letters , possibly a: and w, p pear a t the beginning o f the second word . This con tracted form for the name IStar would be regular

2 N N 1 6 ARAMAIC REFERE CE OTES .

— N o . 1 4 . K . 3 0 9 a . “3 3 ”V? f 7 ‘ wovm r m

W E have here a contraction o f the name Arba ” “ ” - Sar - - No s 1 2 ilu rat into Arbel sar . (Compare . and Rawlinson read the fifth letter in the second word h in , order to identify it with the Assyrian name “ ” il — A r b a . which he at that time read , birat

o f In regard to the abbreviated form this word , Oppert remarks o n the loss o f final 11 in the pr o “ ” nunciation in the Ph oenician o f these tablets as follows : Cela prouve que le T féminin c o mmencait ’ é ” a n etre plus prononcé comm e le fl en h breu . Do ur ( c. J . , p .

- N o . l 5 . K . 3 8 1.

( t L 26 5 r. Y\ L / V” ‘ mnabx rm

THE beginning o f the proper name is lost in the

-d a- zi cuneiform , which has , while the last letter ,

7 o ff . . probably , is partly broken in the Aramaic C “ - l u- b b . S . I translates , Ilu azzi , and hesitates etween " . I 3 and Tfor the final letter . Berger reads 3 found The e e the traces o f a possible 3 . proper name h r represented I have not met with el sewhere. R R N N A AMAIC REFE E CE OTES . 1 27

- — N o . 16 . K . S I B C a s e .

Saws ni nmpr’rr s ac:

THIS tablet record s the loan o f silver o f Istar of

N to Mann uki - - ineveh Arba ilu .

C . I . S . restores as second letter in the second line , and recognizes the last three letters , which are “ ” h . T e translated house last line , which is read ,

was u NS 1 , s pposed to be the name of the dwell

f - ing place o Manag Arbel o f the first line . Rawlinson read the Sign o f the genitive at the b e f X o X . ginning the second line as , which he sup o f in posed to be the amount interest due , reckoning correctly at cent per cent instead o f 2 5 per cent . He supposed the word o r letter for Shekel to be ‘

o ff o f IVE (T i . rubbed , and the rest the line he read , p ” The first word he translated holy, and the second “ a m . was taken as equivalent to the Assyrian p l , debt Of the last line he attempted to identify only the two

final letters , NJ u Doc. J r. reads this disputed word in line two without translation , but agreed otherwise with Raw linson . e e Mr . Johns reads the s cond and third lin s as fol 128 R N ARAMAIC REFE E CE N OTES .

’ : D DDW ’ who lows PT( is before the ) N53 ? ! ( palace ). This does not recognize the break between the first

. re and second words , which I suppose Mr Johns h ’ gards as a space . Is t e final 0 used here a printer s and ? error , how is the word N 3 explained

’ From my copy it wil l be seen that and part of the o n consid Pare still the tablet , and that there is erab le space between them ; here I suggest the letter “ ” The third line , which Mr . Johns reads palace , o f uncer is , with the exception the last letter , very “ ” tain . I think the word for silver can be read “ and : Con there , I would venture the translation

M - who to cerning anag Arbel , Shall bring the temple ” e the Silver . This would be consist nt with the terms of the contract according to which the money seems to e e t of a have be n loan d from he treasury Ist r .

- N O . l 7 . K . 3 0 5 .

7NDWNJPD WNWD

THE and Aramaic gives , in an imperfect considera of two bly abbreviated form , the names the vendors “ ” “ ” - - - - l . on the tab et , Paka ana Arba ili and gar Istar N ur . D oc . J omits 3 from the first line , and reads ’ as This was Rawlinson s reading years earlier .

1 30 A R N ARAM IC REFE E CE N OTES .

80 — 7— 1 9 83 — 1 —1 8 387 , and , not indicated clearly

. . D . I in A D , and in this break has perished , think , i o f the name the second owner , for there were evi d n l e t y two . The tablet records the sale of land with a park of belit trees and a house , together with some eight per sons attached to the soil . The Aramaic inscription on o f of is written the right edge the tablet , the J the

n — — The o 83 1 1 8 387 . second line appearing , break and the rubbed portions here are over an inch in “ so of length , that there is room between j and t the for o r fi ve b e second line four letters , and likewise o f fore n the first line .

This first letter , N, is doubtful , as the tablet is broken along the edge of the letter . It looks to me most like 11 , though N is possible . Probably the “ ” word for house was here . I The next word regard as certain , though Pis “ ” b The a hned I adly rubbed . word Hp have not been able t o identify with any proper name in the a o f cuneiform , but t ke it to be the name the district where the aforementioned land was situated . The first words in the second line probably contained the name o f o ne o r both o f the owners . “

. . S . For the last word C I proposes , In the dis ” ' trict o f Bab sukin m , comparing I with the Assyrian

a . m m. I have not been able to identify this place

f 3 — 1 — 1 3 50 to Ob . o 8 8 Line six ( ) , seems locate the land o n a road leading to a place whose name ends in [wild The whole inscription may be tentatively ren : dered [The document concerning persons , house , ] o f a hned N the and fields Hp , belonging to d , in ” o f Bab Sakin district . R M R N A A AIC REFE E CE N OTES . 1 31

— - - N O . 19 . 8 3 1 18 , 8 3 4 .

to 73 W?)

. N I o f . C . I S . IDE T FIED this nam e with that Sargon w This is quite possible since , although the Hebre e UWO Sp lling is I , the Aramaic is often nothing more than a transcription o f the Assyrian name . This sug gestion , however , leaves unexplained the to following . ” L id z a ki Sitirkanu b rs proposes to identify it with , o f a the name the third party sold , while if) st nds as o f ab uni the initial letter T , mentioned in line o f t three . The absence from the Aramaic in the

No s . 1 2 first word is no objection . (Cf . and But itirkanu l the reading S is not absolute y certain , as the horizontal wedges are partly broken o ff o f the no w a first Sign , and the Sign as it st nds might equal no o n ly well be ga r . There was doubt room that f o ff part o the tablet broken for the third name , “ ” b o f no un Bara u , but I can think reason for the 4 o f o f . See NOS . usual reversa l the order names ( , 5 o f , and It is worthy note here that only part ’ “ o f the purchaser s name appears , Marduk and ‘ that this purchaser bore some relation to Sennacherib . R R N 1 32 A AMAIC REFE E CE N OTES .

— - - N O . 2 0 . 8 1 2 4 , 1 5 2 . “7!

amps

E NAHIM e to kin u M U sells thr e female slaves the Sa t . ” The Aramaic says simply : Concerning Menahem . l For a similar use o f ) in the sense o f concerning ” 1 n Menahimu No . 6. cf . The ame and the form ” f Yakarahe o the verb in suggest a Hebrew origin .

l — u - 5 - 9 N o . 2 . E . 9 1 , 1 8 2 .

411 viz“ 5 0 13w yr? )

THE Aramaic 1 s badly rubbed and the letters d iffi o cult t determine . The second letter in both lines a might be read 3 ; all the rest I regard as cert in , with o f the possible exception w.

— 2 . m . 9 2 1 N o . 2 S .

W ° - 5 M ? u fl a ws 1 74 . ‘ pm pas a - qm T U" !

THE line o f Aramaic is in a beautiful hand and The carefully written . second word corresponds to

1 34 AR AMAIC REFE REN CE N OTES .

. S . about which I feel any certainty . In C . I Berger and Clermont - C anneau are said to have proposed

37. T ro b ab lv ( his would p correspond to the fifth , Vo ue sixth , and seventh letters . g was satisfied that

" he found the word P1733 , that is , Bin but this seems to be an attempt to bring it into corre s ond ence w o f a a p ith the name the purchaser , R mm n ’ ’ - a . . S . n id , which is read Bin na id in C I Pinches is said to have read Addu Rawlinson reads the last four letters WNW? Possibly the first two letters are the relative pronoun , and the third the “ ” of preposition 3 , in , while the rest the word is the name o f the district in which the land was situ ated .

— N O . 2 4 . K . 4 5 8 .

9

THIS ta blet is a smal l fragment with but five per ImSai feet lines . is the purchaser , and perhaps

Zer a i a o f , traces whose name appear in line f . O o three , was the vendor nly three letters the

Aramaic remain , and from them I have not been able u to make o t anything definite . Possibly there was L here a proper name , preceded by the preposition ) . N E N A R AMAIC R EFER E C OTES . 1 35

— N o . 2 5 . K . 3 7 8 4 .

“ NDJSD n: ( 2 ) mm( 1) mo m ma)

FOR o N . 2 . a discussion see the similar inscription , For the original Aramaic which it was no t deemed

to o . N 2 5 o f . necessary reproduce here , see the texts “ ” two a Y Line may have cont ined the name aisu ,

: “ and line three , following Sm, the name Gab ” - a b u il ni . The Hat the beginning o f four is either ” the first letter o f Hand uate or o f the word for ” harvesters .

— - - N O . 2 6 . 8 | 2 4 , 8 9 5 . fl fi a w xw ‘ nmws rvi

o f THIS fragment a tablet contains eleven lines , ’ only o ne of which is perfect . The purchaser s name

a - he ee o f was possibly N di]n a . ( S line five the cuneiform . ) This is the only name that appears on L the tablet . The letter ) , which I have ventured to o f restore , may have been lost from the beginning the “ ” - ab e ui a . S . t v word . C . I proposes Asur as the q

o f usu lent of the Aramaic . The w the cuneiform is ally represented by Win Aramaic , though sometimes

ee No s . 2 9 by D. (S , , 1 36 ARAMAIC REFER EN CE NOTES .

— - - N o . 2 7 . 8 3 1 1 8 , 3 8 5 . m ' ‘ “ .z oz zfigw yaw.

° " D ° JfflD§W ° DflD

THIS is a small fragment conta ining the beginning of of ten lines cuneiform , and records possibly a sale o f h land . T e Aramaic is unfortunately mutilated at

beginning and end ; and , besides , the second letter in

the second word , is badly rubbed . The first word may be “ vineyard ” and the second a proper name .

— N o . 2 8 . K . 8 5 2 9 .

N1 3IN]

one THIS fragment , about an inch long and quarter of o f an inch wide , is from the lower left the obverse , o f and contains the beginning five lines , with the “ ” an o n o f word p each . The beginning the Ara ”

: . maic is gone , but I restore N and read Rent a R wlinson reads this , and connects it “ ” '

lkarth . l Me . . I S with the word C reads fl JN, e irtu that is , g ; but the last letter seems to me more

like N than n.

1 38 AR AMAIC REFERENCE NOTES.

Unfortunately , the sign is badly broken , and , still e mor unfortunately , the letter corresponding in the Aramaic has been erased and rewritten ; so that it is

impossible to say with certainty what was intended . A S the letter now appears o n the tablet it might be

o r . On read D, 1, perhaps N the whole , it is probably 2 o 3 . most like the undoubted 1 in N . This would suit admirably if we were sure that the cuneiform

ma N n r . sig was , as , in that case , this tablet , with os 32 3 6 3 7 Bab lo , , and , would go to prove that the y nians pronounced m as w .

— N O . 3 2 1 7 9 8

up T his w NQDD

THE a melu tu first word answers to the Babylonian , m w o f in which corresponds to the Aramaic . This interesting fact is illustrated also in the Hebrew

° a of . 2 tre tment the same word (Cf . Kings 2 5 : 2 7

Trip Sax. ) The first letter in the second word looks like the of W left half P. hether this is all the scribe wrote or o ff am whether the rest has been rubbed , I unable to say . The cuneiform Sign calls for D, but the scribes were no t always careful in distinguishing between 1 . No . . of these two letters ( Cf , where D the Ara

maic corresponds to Pin the cuneiform . ) N 1 39 ARAMAIC REFERE CE NOTES .

Since this word ends in C . I . S . argues that it ” K unnai must have been pronounced , and that this

- - 05 0. o f K u un proves that the the cuneiform word , ” - - i a a a . of na , Should be pronounced The last part the name in the cuneiform is badly broken , and it is a not , now at least, at all cert in how the word ended . o f ab Besides , the Aramaic these inscriptions is too b reviated a , and altogether too uncert in a quantity by which to settle disputed points in Assyrian grammar . The following reproduction o f cuneiform names may

: No . 34 be suggestive in this connection , cuneiform , ” - - ’ Sa a lu W N. No . 38 Iki p ; Aramaic , P , cuneiform E riba - a ; Aramaic , ” two a for In line {1} st nds Shekels , and the enu merati n 47 two two p is reached by writing twenties ,

and one. two . threes , a The twenties are each tens

It seems , therefore , from this and other enumerations , that the Assyr ians and Babylonians made use of the o f decimal system alongside the sexagesimal . It will be noticed that the Aramaic of this inscription is written In a cursive hand .

— - - N O . 8 3 . 8 2 9 1 8 , 8 3 5 .

l u THIS reading contains simp y the word , Mard k , of the name the debtor , who appears in the cuneiform

- imanni text as Marduk r . 140 R C R N N A AMAI REFE E CE OTES.

— - - N O 4 . 8 lo . 8 9 I4 , 2 5 7 .

2 1 Lim o I Q V7 4 t o

40+ w a “mom; ap ps Sp

THE contract relates that fifty Shekels o f silver

. I isa a l were received by k p u . o f The second letter the first word is entirely gone , t but we can restore it withou hesitation . In the enu meration after the letter {if only four straight strokes ff o . are left , the fifth having been broken Unlike “ 1 0 ” No . 3 2 the curved lines which represent in , these , it will be noticed , are straight . The name IkiSa - aplu is represented like the name

o 33 . N . in , without the last constituent part It is true that the form ’ WPN does not very accurately reproduce this name , but we are , I think , justified in supposing that the difference is due to the difference o f who in the pronunciation those used Aramaic . a o f Cert inly it would not be safe , in view the well known tendency toward abbreviation which these

Aramaic readings Show , to argue from the word “ ” — if o f Aksai , that is the pronunciation the Ara

— : - Sa - a or - Sai maic word to a proper name Iki Iki . o f a The P this word is written very cle rly , yet differently from any other I have noticed .

R R N N 142 A AMAIC REFE E CE OTES .

— - - N o . 8 7 . 8 2 9 1 8 , 4 9 a .

M ? u mm h d‘V l V i ? ’ u w 7 NW

‘ O' lp ’ i ND W NW) flN (22111223 6 N 40

THE first and second letters are somewhat uncer "

a . ) l . t in 3 does not look unlike D, and resembles 1

' It would be possible t o read N HD were it not for the l o f third etter , which is unmistakably 3 . Instead in the usual Sp before the name of the debtor , this ' scription uses D TP. ” The K i- Samas o f the cuneiform is here written ” i- m K Sawas . This na e is probably contracted from

u- ki - Mann Samas . id en i . . S . t The second word in line two , flN, C I ' d ” z u . fies with , rent As it is followed by the word “ ” for . house , this seems probable enough The choice of in this word may have been determined by the

" o f Babylonian pronunciation the aspirate l . o f The enumeration the last line , which seems to e e contain several arbitrary signs , I hav not been abl o ut to make . R M R R N A A AIC EFE E CE N OTES . 1 43

- — N O . 8 8 . 8 2 9 1 8 , 5 1 a .

an; a s ac: tn’ w b

THIS tablet records a debt of Silver due E rib a as o f the price sesame . The Aramaic , which resembles f “ o N . 3 6 : closely that o , says Concerning the silver ” L o ne i which gives to Irib . Between ) and in the last word , is a stroke which might be 7, but I doubt that it was so intended . The disputed proper name , “ ” “ ” ” E rib a E Su- A , sometimes rba , is here written to in the cuneiform text . If we are trust the Ara im maic , the verb in this word is to be read in the

W . i ee . n . S perfect , rather than the imperative ( H “ - l I . a or P. o . B . . 3 l 0 a . . V 58: E , p ; also B E , , p, rba Eriba- a [Aramaic docket :

— - - N O . 8 9 . 8 2 9 18 , 2 9 5 A .

fla w s . »

‘ lDW’N

THE contract concerns money and supplies to be

- [IS BA Tall vist S r . given to the weaver , R. q , in p R N 144 ARAMAIC EFERE CE N OTES .

d s aru N b . U , read this word p , and compared the ” - W . Aramaic , N QWN clothes cleaner Peiser , in l . B . Vo . . . K , IV , retains the ideographic writing 4 a W . B . . l . 7 Prof . Delitzsch , in H , p , says concern “

: o warsch . as a r u ing this ideogram H chst nur p , ‘’ ” s nicht u p aru z u lesen . The Aramaic word in this

inscription may be taken , I think , as finally settling

o f o f the pronunciation the word in favor Prof . ’ D elitzsch s supposition . The N and Q in this word ” approximate to the square character .

— - - N O . 4 0 . 8 2 7 14 , 15 2 .

THE obverse of this ta blet is almost wholly gone ; o f the reverse contains the name several witnesses .

On - the edge is a nail mark , before and after which m ” Z - i- Si eu u r a b . are the words , p and , respectively n The Aramaic , which is Slightly damaged alo g the “ o f : top the letters , reads The writing concerning ” Za b a s . The word TOWvery probably meant con ” tract , and corresponded to the Assyrian though I am not aware that the latter word was used in this i ’ Isa zéimim a [skdm c technical sense . Compare , however , j , r d f S . Nb . 1 o 33 . . e p , p The top the last lett r is bro ken away , but it was very probably a D.

R N 146 A AMAIC REFERE CE NO TES .

— 2 — - N o . 4 8 . 8 8 2 8 , 114 2 .

rm a new

THIS tablet , which is inscribed with cuneiform o n only the obverse , is very badly crumbled . The fi rst line is almost wholly gone , while the remaining signs are very uncertain . It seems to contain a rec d or o f money due a temple . The Aramaic seems to “ ” The o f un say , contract Darah , but I have been able to find any proper name with which to compare this last word . The Aramaic is written obliquely a nd across the reverse in coarse , somewhat irregular , letters . The document is not dated .

— - — N O . 4 4 . 8 1 7 11, 15 15 . m t 9

‘ naw

THE tablet o n which these letters occur is a small fragment about an inch square . The obverse has the o f the o f remains two signs ; reverse , parts three and n . o n proper ames The Aramaic is the edge , is broken away at both beginning and end . The letters are very clearly inscribed , but in the imperfect state ha of the tablet it is impossibl e to say w t they mean. M N 1 4 A RA AIC REFERE CE NOTES . 7

— - - N O . 4 5 . 8 0 11 12 , 12 9 0 ,

‘ 7 7 L v/ l o av

THIS fragment is abo ut two inches long and one v inch wide . The ob erse contains the remains o f four a nd lines , the reverse contains , besides the traces of "’ few o f Bel- a he- su some signs , the name and the o f 2 date , Babylon , in the time Artaxerxes ) The tablet is broken o ff close to the first letter of so the Aramaic , that I am unable to say whether the o word began with w r not . The last letter might also be read 71, though I think D is much more prob ” . o r con able This might be the word peace , “ ” o f Salammanu tain part such a proper name as , ” - f N S o . o . . o 9 N ( cf N . 2 ) or abu allim (

— — — N O . 4 6 . 8 2 8 2 8 . 2 6 8 .

THIS little tablet o f three lines is inscribed only on the obverse , and seems to contain memoranda of some sort . The tablet is incomplete , as the Space for The the fourth line seems to have been left vacant .

Aramaic is roughly written with a poor stylus , as o f e Shown by several lines alongside the last lett r , 148 AR AMAIC REFEREN CE NOTES .

The only doubtful letter is the third , which is either f o r . e o 3 p I hav decided In favor the former , though the letter resembles very much the first o ne

3 7 . no t in No . I am able to suggest any satisfactory lmeanin o f g, unless we have here a variant spelling No 3 9 . W . . . . 4 a B . l z i é aru . 7 p ( Cf ; see also H , p

- Zia. i S bar ka b If this supposition is correct , the ka t o f lines o ne and three o f the cuneiform may be f some sort o cloth .

[su pra 0 5mm

THE tablet o n which this reading is found is a frag

e o f — at ment , probably from th time Esarhaddon least ’ the greater part o f the king s name appears in line f two o . T the obverse his , with other Similar tablets ,

K z nud t on n . . is treated by Dr . J . A . i G A S . I have given it at the end o f my collection for the sake o f

completeness . The first word is clearly the name “ Nabu- S K nud z allim transcribed into Aramaic . t o n o f suggests the completion the second name as above , “ ” A - - a - a and compares the proper name , qur .

O F PR P 1 50 REG ISTER O E R NAMES .

- a i 8 : 9 . e B n , B li yababi ,

B l - e 1 9 : 2 . e 3 7 : 1 7 . Barabu , z ru ,

Bel - - Bir - 4 : 2 2 1 . abu usur , amma ,

l - ada al 1 0 f Bu- ra - Su 9 4 Be 3 0 : . 2 : . gg , ,

- - i 3 1 4 Bel ana b ti : . i - - S Da nua 5 : 29 . Bel u 45 : 1 . ahi , - - - D ainu 1 : 1 0 Bel a e Su 1 4 : 1 5 8 1 3 kurban , . h , , , , a 4 1 l - 1 2 : 2 . Be 4 : 1 . Dan nu bullit, ,

- - 3 1 : 3 . Bel S u 40 : 6 41 : 10 Daniya , bullit , ; Darimus l - a 1 3 8 : 7 . Be 2 : 28. dan n , , i’ - - Dar m us 34 : 1 6. Bel e eS 34 : 4 . p ilu , ,

- muéu 3 6 6 3 9 1 1 Dari : : . Bel e eru 40 : 4 34 : 8 . t , ; , ; D a im éé 3 6 - r u u 3 : 1 . Bel etir 40 : 5 29 : 2 . , , ; 1 Dari am s - u 3 7 : 2 5 . Bel 24 : 1 4. y , gabbie ,

' - - u 3 7 : 2 8 . Bel i a r 3 : 1 3 . D muk , , Har n du u ,

- - k a i 1 Bel a usur n 3 : . Harr n , Ed I n 1 tum 4 : 2 ° EM- I arrEn- Sar - 1 4 , j usur ,

Eteru 3 7 : 4. , 34, E ' l a b 3 8 5 ° l - a - 4 5 ’ 3 Be : . Harr n taklak , f , E u - l s et r 39 : 9 . - i di , Bel d na 34 : 7 . ,

Bel - iddanu 40 : 4 41 , ; - a 2 5 : 7 . Gabbu il ni , 3 2 2 2 7 : 2 ; 3 : 1 . a 1 9 : 2 6 1 8 : 6 . G lul , ; Bel- 3 7 : 24. itti , lu 4 1 Gimil 3 : 1 . , el - a 2 B 3 3 : 1 . k sir , - - 1 9 2 zer : 0 . Gula ibni , Bel - lu- 1 6 : 3 balat , . f - 1 1 : 8 . Gula rimat, Bel - e 3 7 : 1 8 . massar ,

l - Be : 1 5 4 . 4 . 1 : 3 6 nuri , Bambaku ,

l - i a f 5 e m u u : . B 3 3 : 2 . a b s 7 r m ni , H ,

B l- Sad - 6 H t e 1 : 1 8 ama u u 2 : 4. ili , . t ,

Bel - Sum- 41 1 3 : . 1 6 : 1 7 . usur , Hanni ,

Bel - S 41 : 1 . 1 8 : 2 . unu , Hurman ,

Bel - Sa r - a arr na 1 0 : 1 6 . usur , H ,

Bel - ub allit 3 3 : 4 ar uzaza 3 : 1 2 , . H , . G PR P RE ISTER OF O ER NAMES . 1 51

a imuni 1 Ht 6 : 1 0 . K akkullanu 1 3 : 22 p , , ; 1 1

7 : 3 . Hazi 1 0 1 2 : 8 20 . ; , a- a 1 1 : 22 1 2 : 2 9 ° a 30 : 4 5 Hiris , ; Kalb , , . K amb uzi a y ,

a- a 21 : 1 6 . K and Hud , elanu 3 : 1 0 . , ,

- a a 1 3 : 9 . - Hus , 1 4 : 6 1 6. Kisir Asur , ,

- N Kisir abu , K isir a Ib ri a 3 7 : 6 y , y ; 1 . Ki- 5 1 3 Iddin- Bel 3 Samas , . , 7 : 1 7 a Id i 1 3 : 3 6 1 2 2 Kud , , ; : 8. a 1 1 0 1 7 : 2 . I iSa - a lu 3 3 : 1 3 34 : 3 Kukul , , k p , ; . f K unna 3 2 : 5 . a - 29 2 5 , : 8 . Il ni kanua , , ,

a 1 : 8 . - e 1 9 : 23 Kum , Ilu res , . - a a 1 4: 29 . - - E 3 : 14 Kus , Ilu GAB , . 1 8 0 : 1 . - 1 2 : 3 3 Ilu gabri , . K uttib a - a - elli 1 1 tu : 6. 5 Ist r , 1 : . azzi , 2 1 -R a 1 4 : 26 - lublut - a 32 3 Kurdi amm n , . Ilu il ni : .

- malaku 22 : 2 1 2 Ilu , , . L a aéi 34 b : 1 4. Iltiur 8 : 3 , 1 . , 41 1 1 akip : . ImSa i 1 0 : 5 24 L , , ; : 5 . L aki u 1 2 : 25 . 3 7 6 p , , Irani , 1 . Lu- 1 3 : 8 balit , , - 1 1 : Isid Asur , 5 .

7 : 7 1 9 . uku , , - - a 1 2 L : 6 . Isid dur k li , L uSakin , i - Ekurri 1 4 : 3 2 Is d , .

- N 1 7 : 2 5 1 1 : 21 Isid ab , ; . Mahit um u 7 . ,

- 1 1 : 2 9 ° Istar Malik , . 7 3 1 Malik Samas , . a - a 5 1 : 7 . Mannuki Ist r t riba , . 21 .

Mannuki - Ai’ b ailu 1 4 : 3 7 ° ,

K adinnu- 3 1 : 1 5 ilu , .

1 - - W r i en I M . T h e Tel E l m a r na ab l e s ou c for A d a d W ll l Ch tt A t t v h . w as no d o ub th e na m e o f i s od o f t he W es d a d w a s c er a inl t th g t . A t y k now n in s s r ia b ut I ink w e a re not et u s i fi ed m d i sc ard i n th e A y , th y j t g na me R a mm an . 1 52 G R o F P P M RE ISTE RO ER NA ES .

Mannuki - - - 6 : 1 4 . N al 3 : 1 5 Sarru , abu g usur , ;

- 5 : 28 . 1 6 Mannu limme , ; 1 8 : 22 .

- - - - lu 2 4 : 1 3 . N Su 41 : 1 0 Mannu abua , abu ahu , .

- - i 1 9 : 1 9 . N a lu iddin Mard , abu p ,

' - — . 1 9 : 6 . Nab b alatsu 1 3 : 9 Marduk ikbi , . ‘ - - - 8 : 2 . Nab II b el S 3 7 : 2 . Marduk bullit, unu ,

- - - ° utnu 2 1 : 3 . N e a 1 : 7 5 : 5 1 5 Marduk h , abu b lu , ; ,

- Na 41 : 1 3 . 1 9 : Marduk sir ,

- i a 3 3 3 8 : . Marduk r m ni , , Nabu- b ulli su 41 9 : . t , - um - 34 4 arduk S usur : N - 6 3 M , : . abu duri ,

1 0 . N - etir - ani 1 9 : 1 2 abu , . - zer — 1 5 ° arduk ibni : 1 0 N - itti a 3 0 M , : 7 . abu y ,

3 : 1 5 . 7 N - e 3 1 1 1 . abu k nu , . Mar E sa il Z gg lumur N - ki all 24 1 6 ) abu g : . 3 1 : 6 . - 1 Nab 3 : 1 5 . kisir , f Mar ihi 5 k ta : 3 . - m ud ammi 3 , N 1 9 : 1 . abu k, f ’ a 4 : 4 . 4 Me s , Nabu 3 7 : 1 . 4 3 3 : 1 . Milki , N -m uSa llimSunu 1 6 abu , 20 : 2 2 . Milki 1 6 . Mina imu 20 1 6 . h , , , N - a abu n din , M u a llil - i 1 9 : 4 - - k 2 . a 3 2 m tu , Nab n din 1 7 : . u ah , Mutakkil - 1 1 : 1 Marduk , . Nabfi - a - ahé 1 n din , MuSallim - 1 5 : 9 . Asur , 2 3 .

- ’ MuSallim e - N 9 : 5 . rgal N a 8 : 1 9 30 : 3 . , abu n id , ;

- MuSez ib 1 6 : 1 5 - - . Asur , Nab fi ri tu 1 0 : 1 7 . h usur , MuSezib — Bel 34 : 4 - - 1 . Sar - ahe Su 0 , Nab 1 : 9 . ,

N - Sar — 2 : 8 abu usur , ;

- - - - N a e 3 : 1 7 N Sum 3 7 : 26. abu h res , abu isni (

- - - - N a e 3 1 N Sum i 3 7 : 2 6. : 2 . abu b bullit , abu uk n ,

- - - Sum - 3 4 N iddin N 7 : 1 . abu ah , abu usur ,

1 - - W r i en N A E U U A w ic i s in a or o f . D . D . . N a b at a tt , h h f v A , III , ; b u t t h e r ea d in N A - E U U U -A seems r a er to c a s d oub u on th e g, , th t t p m l r or m si p e f .

F P 1 54 REG ISTER O PRO ER NAMES .

i - i 3 - i S n e r 7 : 1 8 . n 3 6 : 4 . t , Sum uk ,

- Sin itti a 3 3 : 1 2 . Suzub u 41 : 7 . y , ,

in- Sar - 1 3 : 28 1 2 S usur , ;

34 3 6 1 4 : 3 9 . Ta buni 1 9 : 3 . , ; ,

i 4 . Sit rkanu 1 9 : Takuni 2 : 3 . ( ,

- - S a a 1 4 : 23 40 : 3 . e s a 6 : 4 5 : 35 . uk , ; Teb t , ;

- - d ra bfi 32 : 9 . a Sad bullit , Tih , - rab - Sum- id din 3 1 : Tab - sar - a Sadu , Ist r , ku i 5 5 1 2 . Tu n , 2 : .

mmanu 29 : 1 0 1 3 . 3 1 Sala 2 : 0 . , , Titi ,

- - Sa N Su 6 : 1 8 32 : 1 0 . abu , ; a 1 3 7 : . 7 34. 8 . Samas , Ubar ,

- a e Ukin a 3 9 : 4 . S mas riha , y ,

30 : 5 . nza r u 1 9 : 1 8. U h ,

- - a iddin 3 7 : 4 1 3 . zar i 1 7 : 26. Sam s , , U n h Asur ,

- - i sur 1 2 : 3 1 . U nzar i a 6 7 . Samas k , h Ist r , ,

- refi a U 1 3 : 7 33 . Samas , rdu , , ’ - i a 4 : 3 . Samas r m ni , Usi ,

- 1 1 : 1 6. Samas sabit ,

- - 1 9 1 5 : . Ya 25 : 6 . Samas sum usur , isu ,

- ub alli 3 3 : 1 2 34 : f Y - a e Samas t, ; akai h ,

1 2 37 : 20 . Yamannu 7 : 2 9 3 2 . ; , ,

- San fI a 5 : 2 7. g Ist r ,

- Zabid a 32 : 4 . Sar a 1 7 : 2 1 1 . Ist r , , ,

- - Z binu 1 0 : 1 6 . lu a 24 : 1 0 . a Sarru d ri , , ,

- Zabiéi 40 : 8 . 24 : 1 5 . Sarru nuri , ,

- ia- 1 : 4 Zer a 1 7 : 27 5 : 36. e a 8 . S p Ist r , Ist r , ;

- - 1 e a 31 : 1 3 . Sepit Nabu 3 : 4 . Z ri y , a e - a Suis , Z ri ,

- ulmu - a e 1 4 : 27 Zer i 1 4 : 33 1 6 : 1 2 . S h , uk n , ;

- - a 1 1 : 20 . a 41 : 1 1 . a Sulum B bili , Zit ,

i 1 3 : 3 1 1 2 27 . a 1 3 : 3 7 1 2 : 32 . Sum , ; Ziz , ; ;

- Z - a a 1 3 : 1 8. Summa Ramm n , izi y , P A R T I V

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THE

VANDERBILT ORIENTAL SERIES

E D ITE D B Y PR OFE SSORS

H ER BE R T CU SHIN G

AND

JAME S HENR Y STEVEN SON F L D . , I

INDEX TO THE CHANDOGYA / UPANISAD (R ead y)

RL E ED G AR L TTL E PHD . By CHA S I

THE CHANDOGYA r UPANISAD (Nea r ly R ea dy)

sl a ted b E . L TTL E Tr a n y C . I TEXT OF THE CHANDOGYA aUPANISAD TTL E Ed ited b y C . E . LI INDEX OF RITES TO THE GRHYAr SUTRAS T L B C . O N By . MA OUTLINE OF VEDIC MYTHOLOGY

. TOL AN By H C . M ASSYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN CONTRACTS (w ith Aramaic h r nal in the r h Referenc e Notes) Transcribed from t e O igi s B itis h la on o en ar and u eu w Tran l era on Tran , y, M s m, it s it ti , s ti C mm t L o f re er Na e (Ready) a ist P p m s tev enson By J . H . S HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY AND DECIPHERMENT OF THE CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS STEVE NSON By J . H . INAL LA SES IN THE SE GI F C U PTUA NT (Nea r ly R ea dy) B E JO N W L E R E . S C . y H Y I , PH D HEBREW SYNONYMS B DR S D R E LE W I T y . I I O N HAL ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE JEWISH SYNAGOGUE By ISID O R E L E W I NTHAL

ER T S AND THE EM IRES THE EAST a ed on H ODO U P OF , B s ' ikel s erodo un h hu R ad N H t d die Keilsc riftforsc ng ( e y) By the ED ITO RS

THE K SA EL Tex an d o abular w h Gram atf BOO OF MU : t V c y , it al S n a al a nd Exe e al No e for th e Use of In er ed a e ic , y t ctic . g tic t s t m i t Classes

B J . STE VE NS N y . H O

THE ENAEAN ARM R a ed on th e Re en on lu on MYC O , B s c t C c si s o f Reichel and Rob ert G D E K E M R U R R . B E NJ N . y B AMI A D A , PH D

THE RIG EDA Part L Th e A v in n V , . g Hym s I P PH D E K . . Tra nsla ted b E R RT Z . y H B ,

' ' F u r th er A n n o u nc em en t s Wzl l F o l l o w

N E W Y O R K : CI N CI N N A T I : CHI C A G O A ME R I CA N B OOK COMPA N Y (208)

8 T DATE

I TI A L F I N E OF 2 5 CE N TS A S S ES S E D FO R FA I L U R E TO R ET U R N H D AT D U E TH PEN LTY O N T E E . E A TO 5 0 C ENTS O N THE FO U RTH

MAR 1 0 1939