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Teacher's Guide to the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 21P.; Produced by the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas

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Teacher's Guide to the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 21P.; Produced by the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas DOCUMENT RESUME ED 477 748 SO 034 934 TITLE Teacher's Guide to the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 21p.; Produced by the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. AVAILABLE FROM Fort Leavenworth Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027. Tel: 913-684-3186. For full text: http://leav- www.army.mil/museum/teachers_guide.htm. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Built Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; Frontier History; Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; Material Culture; *Military Personnel; Physical Geography; Primary Sources; Social Studies; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Explorers; Site Visits; Timelines ABSTRACT After the Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson put together his own group to explore the new territory under the leadership of Captain Meriwether Lewis. After 'receiving training in how to make scientific observations and collect specimens, Lewis and Captain William Clark, and their small group of frontiersmen, set off in 1804 with Sacajawea as their guide to explore the land up the Missouri River and over the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. As the need grew to have a more organized and accurate approach to exploration, the government added topographical engineers to the peacetime Army in 1816. By the time their work was taken over by civilians in 1879, military explorers had mapped, explored, and described the entire trans-Mississippi. For over 30 years, the region around Fort Leavenworth was known as the "Permanent Indian Frontier" for the Plains Indians and the immigrant eastern tribes who had been relocated west of the 95th meridian. Fort Leavenworth was established in 1827 by Colonel Henry Leavenworth. This teacher's guide to the Fort Leavenworth Museum contains seven sections: (1) "Army Explorers of the 19th Century"; (2)"Army Exploration of the 19th Century"; (3) "Fort Leavenworth History"; (4) "Lesson Plan 1 Topographical Explorations" (Handout A); (5)"Lesson Plan 2 Railroad Surveys" (Handout A); (6) "Lesson Plan 3 Timelines"; (7) "Lesson Plan 4 Fort Leavenworth and Steamboats" (Handout A). (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 17 Teacher's Guide to the Frontier Army Museum, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Frontier Army Museum Fort Leavenworth, Kansas (913) 684-3186 http://leav-www.armv.mil/museumiteachers quide.htm 2001 rn 71- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BESTCOPYAVAILABLE Office of Educational Research and Improvement Cr) EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to 0 2 improve reproduction quality. Ci) Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent Table of Contents Army Explorers of the 19th Century 1 Army Exploration of the 19th Century 5 Fort Leavenworth History 6 Lesson Plan 1Topograhical Explorations 9 Lesson 1 Handout A 9 Lesson Plan 2Railroad Surveys 11 Lesson 2 Handout A 12 Lesson Plan 3Timelines 14 Lesson Plan 4Fort Leavenworth and Steamboats 15 Lesson 4 Handout A - Famous Visitors by Steamboat to Fort 17 Leavenworth 3 Army Explorers of the 19th Century Explorer(s) Time Place Major Accomplishments Meriwether 1804- Upper Missouri Explored much of the Louisiana Lewis & 06 River Purchase; mapping; collected natural William Clark history specimens Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean Zebulon Pike 1805- Upper reaches of Discovered Pike's Peak, explored 06 the Mississippi; much of the Mississippi's upper the Southwest regions 1806- 07 Stephen A. 1819- Plains along the Discovered and named Long's Peak; Long 20 Platte River to themeasured the height of Pike's Peak; Colorado Rockiescollected plant, rock, and animal specimens for public viewing; more accurate maps; incorrectly labeled the high plains the "Great Desert" Lewis Cass & 1820 South shore of Discovered copper, iron and lead Henry Lake Superior anddeposits on the south shore; Schoolcraft the waterways improved Indian relationships connecting it to theinvolved with the fur trade Mississippi River Henry 1832 Lake Superior, Discovered the source of the Schoolcraft Minnesota Mississippi, named it lake Itasca; first map of the lake country; vaccinations and census of the Ojibways Joseph Nicollet1838- Valley of the Noticed the changes in the Missouri 39 Minnesota and itssince the Lewis & Clark expedition; tributaries; the famous map of the Upper Dakotas Mississipppi Valley John C. 1842 Plains up the Removed the label of Great Fremont Platte River to FortAmerican Desert from the plains Laramie to the which provided for farming and South Pass supplies for emigrants gateway to Oregon to the Wind River range 1 4 John C. 1843-All the way to the Glowing description of the Great Salt Fremont 44 Pacific Lake area; identification of the Great Basin; Charles Preuss' maps of 1846 western country including the Oregon Trail with annotations; reports on the growing migration to California Stephen Watts1845 Oregon Trail Provide a show of force to the Sioux Kearny James W. 1845- New Mexico, Located crucial locations of water, Abert & 46 Oklahoma, Texaswood and grass; information on the Thomas Comanche and Kiowa, described the Fitzpatrick Rio Grande Valley, its uses and possibilities for the region William H. 1846 New Mexico, Provided intelligence that New Emory California Mexico would require irrigation, had scarce fertile lands that would make slavery unprofitable; Mexican government not responsive to citizens, therefore there would be little local resistance to American roads or railroads; first accurate maps of Southwest Emory et.al. 1849-Texas, New Survey of United States/Mexico 54 Mexico, Arizona, boundary, including the Gadsden California Purchase of 1854; natural history collections of the Southwest; master map of the entire trans-Mississippi West Group under 1857-Rockies, Determined the Canadian boundary United States 75 Washington west of Lake of the Woods; natural Commissioner history on a smaller scale which was Archibald not made public because of the Civil Campbell War Joseph E. 1849-Texas Roads to tie the forts and towns of Johnston 51 Texas together William H. 1859-Texas Use of camels Echols 60 2 5 James H. 1849 New Mexico Canyon exploration; pueblo culture Simpson & and archaeology Richard Kern John N. 1856 New Mexico Roads which formed the basis for Macomb New Mexico's highway and railway system William H. 1849- California Checked out routes connecting San Warner, Robert 1853 Diego and San Francisco, found a S. Williamson, railroad pass through northeastern George H. California Derby Howard 1849 Great Basin First to travel around the Great Salt Stansbury, Lake; mapping; collection of natural John W. history specimens Gunnison John S. 1859 Colorado River, Geological study of canyons; used Newberry Grand Canyon concept of "key studies" of single peaks to understand an entire region Isaac I. 1853- Northern route Determined that it was possible but Stevens 54 from St. Paul to not easy as a railroad route because Puget Sound of the mountains and snow between the 47th and 49th parallels John W. 1853- 38th parallel from Determined that the 41st parallel was Gunnison 54 the headwaters ofbetter than the 38th for a railroad and the Arkansas to that a suitable pass was a key Great Salt Lake Lt. Amiel W. 1853- 35th parallel from Well-suited for a railroad with no Whipple 54 Ft. Smith to problems not already encountered in California via eastern railroads Albuquerque Lt. John Pope 1853- 32nd parallel Suited for a railroad, but would need & Lt. John G. 54 through Texas and sources of water Parke the Gadsden Purchase 3 Lt. Gouverneur1855- Northern fronter, Compiled data brought back from all Warren 58 Nebraska railroad surveys and made a map of Territory, northernthe trans-Mississippi West; mapped Missouri and northern plains; stuck to the facts on Yellowstone his maps or left them blank if Rivers unknown William F. 1859 Upper Yellowstone Last topog to lead an exploring party Raynolds Clarence King 1867 40th parallel alongUsed concept of zonal the Union Pacific parallelism(metal deposits occur in and Central Pacific parallel longitudinal lines) to Railroads determine locations of mineral deposits; published works on fossils and birds were scientific best sellers Lt. George M. 1871- Death Valley Mapped location of water; brought Wheeler 79 photographer and journalist along for publicity; mapped nearly 1/4 of the region west of the 100th meridian; over 61,000 specimens collected, most were sent to the Smithsonian 4 7 Army Ex_ploration of the 19th Century Jefferson had completed negotiations for the Louisiana Purchase, he wanted to know what was included in this new territory. At that time, the United States government did not have anyone who was in charge of making and collecting maps for the nation. So, Thomas Jefferson put together his own group to explore the Louisiana Purchase under the leadership of Captain Meriwether Lewis. After receiving training in how to make scientific observations and collect specimens, Lewis and Captain William Clark and their small group of frontiersmen set off in 1804 with Sacajawea as their guide to explore the land up the Missouri River and over the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The first explorers were basically beginners. They had very little formal training. As the need grew to have a more organized and accurate approach to exploration, the government added topographical engineers to the peacetime Army in 1816. As officers in the Corps of Engineers, "topogs" served as surveyors, explorers, and cartographers. Starting with only six topogs in 1816, the Corps of Topographical Engineers became an independent agency and numbered thirty-six officers by 1838. During the 1840's topogs sent back information about the plants, animals, and minerals, the geography, and the native peoples of the West. In the 1850s, their work focused on road building and surveys for railroads. By the time their work was taken over by civilians in the 1879, military explorers had mapped, explored, and described the entire trans-Mississippi Schubert, Frank N.
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