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Snow Leopard Survival Strategy 2014
Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Revised Version 2014.1 Snow Leopard Network 1 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Snow Leopard Network concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copyright: © 2014 Snow Leopard Network, 4649 Sunnyside Ave. N. Suite 325, Seattle, WA 98103. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Snow Leopard Network (2014). Snow Leopard Survival Strategy. Revised 2014 Version Snow Leopard Network, Seattle, Washington, USA. Website: http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/ The Snow Leopard Network is a worldwide organization dedicated to facilitating the exchange of information between individuals around the world for the purpose of snow leopard conservation. Our membership includes leading snow leopard experts in the public, private, and non-profit sectors. The main goal of this organization is to implement the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS) which offers a comprehensive analysis of the issues facing snow leopard conservation today. Cover photo: Camera-trapped snow leopard. © Snow Leopard -
(CARNIVORA, URSIDAE) F. Brandstaetter the Andean Bear
Zoodiversity, 54(5): 357–362, 2020 DOI 10.15407/zoo2020.05.357 UDC 599.742.2:57.06(238.13) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TAXONOMY OF THE ANDEAN BEAR, TREMARCTOS ORNATUS (CARNIVORA, URSIDAE) F. Brandstaetter Zoo Dortmund, 44225 Dortmund, Germany E-mail: [email protected] F. Brandstaetter (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-8526) A Contribution to the Taxonomy of the Andean Bear, Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora, Ursidae). Brandstaetter, F. — The Andean bear’s taxonomy is discussed with some nomenclatorial corrections and discussions of some common names for the species. The most widely used common name has been changed from spectacled bear to Andean bear in favour of the animal’s importance in conservation issues for the Andean region. Key words: Andean bear, taxonomy, nomenclature, Tremarctos ornatus, conservation. The Andean bear, Tremarctos ornatus (Cuvier, 1825), is an enigmatic species of the Andes. It has even been declared an umbrella species for the conservation of the whole Andean ecosystem (Troya et al., 2004; Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2005). Being the only true bear species in South America the Andean bear is unique in its perception and as a representative of the South American fauna. As Morrison III et al. (2009) and Kitchener (2010) have pointed out, taxonomy is fundamental to conservation. Scientific names are the device to clearly determine a species (Ng, 1994). All communication about animals, biodiversity and conservation is based on the stability and exactness of scientific names and the whole community is responsible for a proper use (Welter-Schultes, 2013). With regard to this, the taxonomy of the Andean bear is analyzed in the following. -
SLC Annual Report 2015
.FROM . .THE . DIRECTOR. & . BOARD. CHAI . .R . Over the past fifteen years, the Snow Leopard We’re also making solar-powered Foxlights Conservancy has worked according to the deep available, so herders will have a portable and conviction that mountain communities—too easily-installed predator deterrent. These flashing often ignored by policymakers—need to have a lights scare away snow leopards; with their flocks key role in snow leopard conservation. Your safe, herders will have no reason to hunt down support and investment is allowing us to serve and kill the magnificent cats. as the facilitators in a holistic approach that In Mongolia, communities celebrated our addresses livelihood improvement and nominee, Tungalagtuya Khuukhenduu, for conservation education as necessary elements receiving a Disney Conservation Fund Hero in community-based protection of these iconic Award for her innovative Nomadic Nature Trunk cats. program, bringing conservation education to Together with our local partners, our sights children in Mongolia’s remotest corners. remain set on alleviating livestock depredation, Your support for our Sacred Sites–Sacred addressing poaching, and expanding locally- Species program made progress possible in driven wildlife monitoring, while honoring building our snow leopard range-wide community traditional practices and ways of knowing. of Indigenous Cultural Practitioners (ICPs). We’re Several events occurred this past year that excited to continue developing our program for have led us to reconfirm our commitment to monitoring of snow leopards and data-recording communities. by ICPs in a way that supports the goals of the In April an earthquake devastated Nepal, as Global Snow Leopard Ecosystem Protection Plan. -
References: Future Works
Phylogenomics and Evolution of the Ursidae Family Department of Biology Ammary Jackson, Keanu Spencer, & Alissya Theis Fig 8. Red Panda Fig. 6. American Black Bear (Ailurus fulgens) (Ursus americanus) Introduction: Ursidae is a family of generally omnivorous mammals colloquially Objectives: Results: referred to as bears. The family consists of five genera: Ailuropoda ● To determine the relatedness among the 30 individual bear taxa. Red Panda (giant panda), Helarctos (sun bear), Melursus (sloth bear), Tremarctos Spectacled Bear ● To determine if Ailurus fulgens obtained its common Spectacled Bear (spectacled bear), and Ursus (black, brown, and polar bears) all of Polar Bear name (Red Panda) from similarities to the genes Polar Bear which are found in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa Polar Bear belonging to the Ursidae family or if it’s simply based on Polar Bear (Kumar et al. 2017.) The phylogenetic relationship between Ursidae Polar Bear phenotypic attributes. Polar Bear bears and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) has been somewhat Brown Bear inconsistent and controversial. Previous phylogenetic analyses have Brown Bear Brown Bear placed the red panda within the families Ursidae (bears), Procyonidae Polar Bear Brown Bear (raccoons), Pinnepedia (seals), and Musteloidea (raccoons and weasels, Brown Bear Brown Bear skunks, and badgers) (Flynn et al. 2000.) Determining monophyly Methods: Cave Bear Cave Bear would elucidate the evolutionary relationship between Ursidae bears Sloth Bear ● Mitochondrial gene sequences of the ATP6 and ND1 genes Sloth Bear and the Red Panda. This analysis (i) tested the monophyly of the family Sun Bear were taken from a sample of 31 species (30 Ursidae family Sun Bear Ursidae; and (ii) determined how the Red Panda fits within the Black Bear and 1 Ailuridae family). -
EAZA Position Statement on Bears in Commercial Entertainment
EAZA Position Statement on Bears in Commercial Entertainment • The EAZA Bear Taxon Advisory Group (TAG) members are recognised experts on the husbandry and welfare of bears that are held under human care. • EAZA members abide by codes and standards, most notably the ‘EAZA Code of Ethics’ and the ‘EAZA Minimum Standards for the Accommodation and Care of Animals in Zoos and Aquaria’. Additionally, for the housing and care of bear species EAZA members follow the EAZA Husbandry Guidelines for bears. • EAZA and its Bear TAG do not support any use of bears for reasons of purely commercial entertainment, especially when such use involves the manipulation or removal of the bear from its normal social group or enclosure. The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) represents 340 members from 41 countries, of which more than 280 are located in the European Union. EAZA collections house more than 250,000 animals, excluding fish and invertebrates. Under the umbrella of the EAZA Bear TAG, EAZA runs conservation breeding programmes for six bear species, namely: European brown bear, polar bear, Asiatic black bear, sloth bear, Malayan sun bear and spectacled bear. In this context we wish to present our position on the use of bears purely for commercial entertainment. Bears held under human care in zoological gardens fulfil an ambassadorial role for their wild living conspecifics as well as highlighting the plight of bears that are illegally traded and used, and often misused, for purely commercial entertainment purposes. Bears held in EAZA zoos are of importance for getting a (bear) conservation education message across to the general public. -
Snow Leopard Conservation in Mongolia
SNOW LEOPARD CONSERVATION IN MONGOLIA Batbold Dorjgurkhem WWF Mongolia November 2016 Snow leopard • Top predator in the living mountain ecosystems spread across 2 million km2 • Just about 3,500-7,000 individuals left in the wild • Little known about their ecology, hence means of mitigating threats Snow leopard countries Russia Mongolia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan China Uzbekistan Tajikistan Afghanistan Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan Snow leopard status in Mongolia One of the WWF flagship species with estimated numbers around 800-1200 in 103000 sq.km (2nd largest in the world) Snow leopard status in Mongolia Snow leopard status in Mongolia – Threats to snow leopard • Prey reduction due to competition with livestock and illegal hunting (growing livestock population) • Retaliatory killing (overlapping the habitat is intensifying SL-Human Conflict) • Poaching and illegal trade • Development of mining related infrastructure Main partners for SL conservation: - MEGDT - PA administrations - Local and regional governments - CBOs and herders Main funding and implementing sources: Snow Leopard conservancy WWF MAS Mongolian Irves center Snow Leopard Conservation Grants Program National Science Foundation National Geographic Society Texas A&M University Tost mountain • Among the highest known snow leopard densities in the world • Rich in wild prey populations Tost mountain/Conservation • Snow Leopard Enterprise – Provides sustainable cash income through handicraft products sold all over the world – Active for over 10 years in this region – More than 100 families -
Defining Priorities for Global Snow Leopard Conservation Landscapes T ⁎ Juan Lia,B,K, , Byron V
Biological Conservation 241 (2020) 108387 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Defining priorities for global snow leopard conservation landscapes T ⁎ Juan Lia,b,k, , Byron V. Weckworthb, Thomas M. McCarthyb, Xuchuang Liangc, Yanlin Liud, Rui Xinge, Diqiang Lid, Yuguang Zhangd, Yadong Xued, Rodney Jacksonf, Lingyun Xiaog,k, Chen Chengg,k, Sheng Lih, Feng Xui, Ming Mai, Xin Yangj, Kunpeng Diaok, Yufang Gaol, Dazhao Songm, Kristin Nowelln, Bing Heo, Yuhan Lik, Kyle McCarthyp, Mikhail Yurievich Paltsynq, Koustubh Sharmar,s, Charu Mishrar,s, George B. Schallert, Zhi Lug,k, Steven R. Beissingera,u a Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA b Panthera, New York, NY 10018, USA c Wildlife Conservation Society, Beijing 100101, China d Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China e Wildnessxj, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China f Snow Leopard Conservancy, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA g Center for Nature and Society, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China h College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China i Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China j Green river, Sichuan, China k Shan Shui Conservation Center, Beijing 100871, China l School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, USA m Chinese Felid Conservation Alliance, Beijing 101101, -
Tracking Andean (Spectacled) Bears in Northern Ecuado Rr
Tracking Andean (Spectacled) Bears in northern Ecuador Primary Investigator Biologist: Armando Castellanos Volunteer and Field Coordinator: David Jackson Fundación Espíritu del Bosque 2007 [email protected] www.andeanbear.org USE OF HABITAT AND PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY OF ANDEAN (SPECTACLED) BEARS IN NORTHERN ECUADOR. PROJECT SUMMARY This is the only project in the world that radio tracks Andean Bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the wild. The resea rch is part of ongoing work to save the Andean Bear and is led by ecologist and bear expert Armando Castellanos. The project is based in the Intag Region of Northern Ecuador. The purpose of the current research is to learn about ecology of the wild Andean bear. The information learned about the bears in this research will help protect and conserve the bears’ habitats and improve future rehabilitation projects both here in Ecuador and throughout South America. This research is being conducted using dire ct methods. Twelve wild bears (six females and six males) have been collared with radio telemetry devices, and we expect to catch five more. We measure the actual location and activity of each bear by listening to the signals from the collars. THE ANDEAN (SPECTACLED) BEAR Most people do not know that the elusive Andean Bear, known for the white or brown marking around the eyes, lives in the Ecuadorian Andes. It the only species of South American bear, found in a narrow strip running from western Venezuela through the Andes in Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and ending in Northern Argentina. It is an “Endangered” species in Ecuador, mostly due to habitat fragmentation caused by livestock farming and logging. -
SLC Annual Report 2017
SNOW LEOPARD CONSERVANCY Annual Report . 2017 . FROM. THE . FOUNDER. -.DIRECTOR . Dear Snow Leopard Conservancy Supporters: There was good news for snow leopards in 2017. These magnificent cats were reclassified on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List from Endangered to Vulnerable, reflecting a slowed rate of decline and populations that are stabilized or even slightly increasing in several countries. This improved status of the cats is in part a result of your support for the Conservancy’s community based conservation efforts. Thank you! We completed a ten-year, range-wide genetic research effort that suggests there are three distinct Photo: Lyubov Ivashkina subspecies of snow leopards. The international team was lead by Conservancy partner Dr. Jan Janečka. If accepted by the broader scientific community, this discovery opens the door to regionally-based Red List assessments in the future and, I hope, more strategic targeting of resources and conservation measures. As we celebrate these milestones, we must also renew our commitment to community-based conservation of snow leopards and their habitat. Climate change, infrastructure development, poaching, conflict between herders and snow leopards—all continue to contribute to the vulnerability of a species that is both an ecological indicator and a sacred totem. Your support has enabled the Conservancy to grow the number of predator-proofed livestock corrals in Pakistan, to install more Foxlights in the Nepal Himalaya, and to reach ever more people across the range countries through Snow Leopard Day celebrations. On Page 9 of this Report, we feature Shafqat Hussain and Ghulam Mohammad. They are the driving forces behind the Baltistan Wildlife Conservation & Development Organization (BWCDO), which was awarded the prestigious UN Development Programme's Equator Prize. -
RBB01600 Ot Vioborgesmaia
MANED WOLVES IN CAPTIVITY 25 BIRTH AND MORTALITY OF MANED WOLVES Chrysocyon brachyurus (ILLIGER, 1811) IN CAPTIVITY MAIA, O. B.1 and GOUVEIA, A. M. G.2 1Consultor do Plano de Manejo do Lobo-guará 2Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Correspondence to: Otávio Borges Maia, Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, C.P. 567, CEP 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] Received January 25, 2000 – Accepted July 17, 2000 – Distributed February 28, 2002 (With 5 figures) ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to verify the distribution of births of captive maned wolves Chrysocyon brachyurus and the causes of their deaths during the period from 1980 to 1998, based on the reg- istry of births and deaths in the International Studbook for Maned Wolves. To determine birth dis- tribution and average litter size, 361 parturitions were analyzed for the 1989-98 period. To analyze causes of mortality, the animals were divided into four groups: 1. pups born in captivity that died prior to one year of age; 2. animals born in captivity that died at more than one year of age; 3. ani- mals captured in the wild that died at any age; and 4. all animals that died during the 1980-98 pe- riod. In group 1, the main causes of mortality were parental incompetence (67%), infectious diseases, (9%) and digestive system disorders (5%). The average mortality rate for pups was 56%. Parental in- competence was responsible for 95% of pup deaths during the first week of life. -
Procyonid (Procyonidae) Care Manual
PROCYONID (Procyonidae) CARE MANUAL CREATED BY THE AZA Small Carnivore Taxon Advisory Group IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE AZA Animal Welfare Committee Procyonid (Procyonidae) Care Manual Procyonid (Procyonidae) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Small Carnivore TAG 2010. Procyonid (Procyonidae) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. p.114. Original Completion Date: 13 August 2008, 1st revision June 2009, 2nd revision May 2010 Authors and Significant contributors: Jan Reed-Smith, M.A., Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Celeste (Dusty) Lombardi, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, AZA Small Carnivore TAG (SCTAG) Chair Mike Maslanka, M.S., Smithsonian‟s National Zoo, AZA Nutrition SAG Barbara Henry, M.S., Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, AZA Nutrition SAG Chair Miles Roberts, Smithsonian‟s National Zoo Kim Schilling, Animals for Awareness Anneke Moresco, D.V.M., Ph.D., UC Davis, University of California See Appendix L for additional contributors to the Procyonid Care Manual. AZA Staff Editors: Lacey Byrnes, B.S. ACM Intern Candice Dorsey, Ph.D., Director of Animal Conservation Cover Photo Credits: Liz Toth Debbie Thompson Cindy Colling Reviewers: Sue Booth-Binczik, Ph.D., Dallas Zoo Denise Bressler, Logan & Abby‟s Fund Kristofer Helgen, Smithsonian Institution Kim Schilling, Animals for Awareness Mindy Stinner, Conservators‟ Center, Inc. Debbie Thompson, Little Rock Zoo Rhonda Votino Debborah Colbert Ph.D., AZA, Vice President of Animal Conservation Paul Boyle Ph.D., AZA, Senior Vice President of Conservation and Education Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management. -
Tremarctos Ornatus Andean Bear Vulnerable
Tremarctos ornatus Andean Bear Vulnerable Geographic Range Information Endemic to the Tropical Andes, the Andean bear is the only extant species of bear in South America. The northern limit of the range is the Darien forest on the border of Panama and Colombia; some uncertain reports indicate its occurrence in Panama. Southward it inhabits the Occidental, Central and Oriental Colombian ranges; the Sierra de Perija, Macizo de El Tama and Cordillera de Merida in Venezuela; both eastern and western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes; all three Andean ranges of Peru, including a portion of the Pacific coastal desert; the eastern slope of the Andes in Bolivia; and was recently found in the north of Salta Province in Argentina, now the southern limit of its range (Peyton 1999, Del Moral and Bracho 2005). As additional wilderness areas through the Andes continue to be explored, new records on the distribution of the species have been reported (Goldstein 2006, Vargas and Azurduy 2006). Range Countries Argentina Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Panama (possibly present) Perú Venezuela 2 Population Information In the late 1990s, a range map was produced and an approximate area of occupancy estimated (260,000 km2). By applying minimum and median density estimates from American black bears (Ursus americanus) to this area, Peyton et al. (1998) generated a 3 rough range-wide population estimate (>20,000 Andean bears). More recent within- country habitat occupancy models and genetic sampling have yielded estimates of 300– 2,000 Andean bears in Venezuela, 3,000–7,000 in Colombia, ~2,000 in Ecuador, and ~400 in Argentina.