Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations A publication of the Willamette Heritage Center Editor and Executive Director: Bob H. Reinhardt Editorial Assistant: Kelly Lawton Jones Editorial board: Mike Balyo, Chemeketa Community College Jennifer Jopp, Willamette University John Rector, Western Oregon University John Scott, Corban University © 2017 Willamette Heritage Center www.willametteheritage.org Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations is published by the Willa- mette Heritage Center, 1313 Mill Street SE, Salem, OR 97301. Nothing in the journal may be reprinted in whole or part without written permission from the publisher. Direct inquiries to Willamette Heritage Center, 1313 Mill Street SE, Salem, OR 97301 or email
[email protected]. IN THIS ISSUE After a three year hiatus, the Willamette Heritage Center is pleased to again publish Willamette Valley Voices: Connecting Generations, a journal of scholarly writing pertaining to history and heritage in Oregon’s Mid-Willa- mette Valley. Articles are written by scholars, students, heritage profession- als, and historians - professional and amateur. Editions are themed to orient authors and readers to varied and important topics in Mid-Valley history. This issue is published in conjunction with the Willamette Heritage Cen- ter’s 2017 Winter Heritage Invitational Exhibit, Nature and Community. Both the exhibit and this issue explore the myriad relationships between Mid-Willamette Valley communities and the natural worlds they inhabit. Nature – more specifically: plants, animals, and other nonhuman elements of the natural world – has played a variety of roles in the region’s history: as the background for developments in politics, society, and culture; as a source of identity for different groups of people; as an object upon which humans have acted; and as a force of its own, limiting and shaping human activity.