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Newsletter August 2020 Englsih august 2020 muzirisheritage www.muzirisheritage.org Past Perfect, Present Continuous fort. A Malayalam poem titled Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma, the is one of the earliest European “Padappaattu”(Battle Song) and a king of Travancore, forced the Dutch to constructions in India, is now a Sanskrit poetic work titled sell the fort to him. Raja Kesava Das, protected monument under the Bhramarasandesam mention the Travancore Dalava, procured the Department of Archaeology, Kottappuram Fort. fort along with the cannons and Government of Kerala. The renovation gunpowder, on behalf of his king. and maintenance work, alongside The Dutch captured this fort from the archaeological excavations which Portuguese in the year 1662. The Tippu Sultan, during his southern began in 2009, are continuing now. Dutch breached the fort with cannon campaigns, attacked the fort in 1790, Remains of the fort during the fire, and their naval forces entered and caused it damages for about a Portuguese and Dutch periods were the fort through the breach and kilometre, and finally captured it. That discovered in these excavations. attacked the Portuguese. There are was how the Kottappuram Fort had to Along with these, archaeological relics references to Paaliyaththu Acchan, face a major destructive force for the of the medieval period have also been the Prime Minister of the King of second time, the first being the Dutch found. Kochi, changing sides, supporting the invasion. Tippu and his forces were Dutch, and showing the attacking bent on attacking Travancore; but had As part of the Muziris Heritage Project, forces easy access to the fort. The to change their plans and rush back to many activities of development of the Dutch forces which were wavering in Srirangapatnam, their capital which area have been undertaken. These front of the withering cannon fire from was under the threat of invasion by the include the construction of a boat jetty, the defending Portuguese till that British. Even as they retreated, they the development of basic moment soon captured the strategic attacked the Kottappuram Fort further infrastructure like the repair and locations within the fort. While a and caused extensive damage to it, maintenance of the road leading to the considerable section of the besides looting it. With this, the fort, protecting the riverbank with Portuguese forces escaped through destruction of the fort was almost granite retaining walls, construction of the sea, the rest of them and the Nair complete. handrails along the pathway, soldiers of the King of Kochi were Although the fort was destroyed, the construction of walkways within the slaughtered within the fort. The Dutch place name “Kottappuram” which was fort area etc., were carried out. A roof reduced the size of the fort but obtained from the presence of the said has been built over trenches where ne of the basic features of the modern Indian history symbols of the Portuguese domination of the Kochi region. O refurbished it for their use. fort, survived. Kottappuram Fort, which archaeological excavations were is the colonial experience it went through. The gateway carried out. As part of the for colonisers who arrived crossing the seas happened to By the end of the same year that the Pallippuram Fort was built, a major division of the Portuguese army returned to beautification of the premises, a lawn be in Kerala. Here in Kodungallur, there remains one of has been developed within the fort. the memorials of the colonial presence and subsequent their country. Taking advantage of this situation, the Zamorin attacked this fort and captured it. The remaining This monument taken over for competition that the Portuguese initiated—the preservation under the Muziris Kottappuram Fort. Like many other memories of colonial Portuguese soldiers fled to Vypeen. The Zamorin had been lured by the strategic location of the fort on the bank Heritage Project has now been times, this fort too is dilapidated. But there are ruins, opened for visitors. which oer invaluable lessons in history for us and future of the river Periyar, to be utilised for his future invasion of generations. the kingdom of Kochi. But the Portuguese army that returned the next year recaptured the fort. The Zamorin’s The memories to be preserved are not only that of a forces were unable to withstand the fusillade of salvos glowing heritage but also of lessons of setbacks, which from the cannons on board the Portuguese battleships that are meant as warnings for the future. These also certainly sailed up the Periyar from the Arabian sea. From this time form pages of history that influence our culture. Deeper on till 1535, further development of the fort progressed knowledge about the history and supporting evidence under dierent Portuguese Governors General. This fort can be gained from there. which the Portuguese named “San Thome Fort,” was known later on as “Cranganore Fort” or “Kodungallur Fort”, From the 15th century, the Zamorin of Kozhikode claimed indicating the place where it was built, Cranganore being to have obtained control of Kodungallur. He is said to the European connection of the place name “Kodungallur”. have given all kinds of support to the merchants there. It The exact location where the fort stood came to be known was towards the end of this century that the Portuguese as Kottappuram (“Outside of the Fort”), and eventually, the cast an eye over this locality. It was also by this turn of fort came to be known as “Kottappuram Fort” . events, that a decisive change was brought about in the commercial equilibrium of this region. The Portuguese The Kottappuram Fort is built, on an elevated place. It has built a fort here in 1503, braving the sti opposition of the been strategically designed to withstand attacks from the Zamorin. The main building materials of the fort were mud sea or from the land. There were fortifications, and and timber. This was the first version of the Kottappuram batteries inside the fort. From this fort, one can clearly see Fort. There were two more forts like this one along the the localities of Thuruthippuram, Gothuruthu and Kottayil coast—the Immanuel Fort built also in 1503, and the Kovilakam across the waters. This is the strategic reason Pallippuram Fort, built in 1507. All three were the prime .......................................................................................................... why the Portuguese chose this vantage point to build the .............................................................................................. august 2020 i PAGE 3 fort. A Malayalam poem titled Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma, the is one of the earliest European “Padappaattu”(Battle Song) and a king of Travancore, forced the Dutch to constructions in India, is now a Sanskrit poetic work titled sell the fort to him. Raja Kesava Das, protected monument under the Bhramarasandesam mention the Travancore Dalava, procured the Department of Archaeology, Kottappuram Fort. fort along with the cannons and Government of Kerala. The renovation gunpowder, on behalf of his king. and maintenance work, alongside The Dutch captured this fort from the archaeological excavations which Portuguese in the year 1662. The Tippu Sultan, during his southern began in 2009, are continuing now. Dutch breached the fort with cannon campaigns, attacked the fort in 1790, Remains of the fort during the fire, and their naval forces entered and caused it damages for about a Portuguese and Dutch periods were the fort through the breach and kilometre, and finally captured it. That discovered in these excavations. attacked the Portuguese. There are was how the Kottappuram Fort had to Along with these, archaeological relics references to Paaliyaththu Acchan, face a major destructive force for the of the medieval period have also been the Prime Minister of the King of second time, the first being the Dutch found. Kochi, changing sides, supporting the invasion. Tippu and his forces were Dutch, and showing the attacking bent on attacking Travancore; but had As part of the Muziris Heritage Project, forces easy access to the fort. The to change their plans and rush back to many activities of development of the Dutch forces which were wavering in Srirangapatnam, their capital which area have been undertaken. These front of the withering cannon fire from was under the threat of invasion by the include the construction of a boat jetty, the defending Portuguese till that British. Even as they retreated, they the development of basic moment soon captured the strategic attacked the Kottappuram Fort further infrastructure like the repair and locations within the fort. While a and caused extensive damage to it, maintenance of the road leading to the considerable section of the besides looting it. With this, the fort, protecting the riverbank with Portuguese forces escaped through destruction of the fort was almost granite retaining walls, construction of the sea, the rest of them and the Nair complete. handrails along the pathway, soldiers of the King of Kochi were Although the fort was destroyed, the construction of walkways within the slaughtered within the fort. The Dutch place name “Kottappuram” which was fort area etc., were carried out. A roof reduced the size of the fort but obtained from the presence of the said has been built over trenches where One of the basic features of the modern Indian history symbols of the Portuguese domination of the Kochi region. refurbished it for their use. archaeological excavations were fort, survived. Kottappuram Fort, which ....................................................................................................... is the colonial experience it went through. The gateway ....................................................................................................... carried out. As part of the for colonisers who arrived crossing the seas happened to By the end of the same year that the Pallippuram Fort was built, a major division of the Portuguese army returned to beautification of the premises, a lawn be in Kerala. Here in Kodungallur, there remains one of has been developed within the fort. the memorials of the colonial presence and subsequent their country.
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