THE ADVENT REVIEW AND SABBATH HERALD + WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Blessed is the man who trusts in the Lord , and rests his confidence upon him. He shall be like a tree planted by the waterside, that stretches its roots along the stream. When the heat comes it has nothing to fear; its spreading foliage stays green. Jeremiah 17.7 8, N.E.B.
1.74:1,"*PZro.1 EDITOR'S VIEWPOINT
Four Texts in Context
ANY Christians might find new excitement But this is not the main point that Peter is mak- in Bible study by the simple expedient of ing. Peter is talking about how to react when one reading various familiar texts in context. is mistreated. He says that if a person submits In some cases they would discover that (1) the text meekly when he suffers for wrongdoing, this is not does not mean what they think it means, (2) it is particularly remarkable; after all, he "has it com- often misapplied, and (3) it has a broader meaning ing." But when a person does nothing wrong, yet than they suspect. To illustrate the point, let us suffers, then a patient, nonretaliatory reaction is note four examples. commendable. Peter sets forth Christ as our example The first is 1 Corinthians 3:17: "If any man defile in this respect: "Who did no sin, neither was guile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the found in his mouth: who, when he was reviled, temple of God is holy, which temple ye are." What reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened is the apostle Paul talking about? Not the human not; but committed himself to him that judgeth body, but the church. So when Paul warns, "If any righteously" (verses 22, 23). "In the face of mount- man defile [or destroy] the temple of God, him shall ing injustice Christ exhibited a perfect pattern of God destroy," he is saying, "It is a serious thing to suffering for righteousness' sake. . . . He met evil weaken and undermine the church by 'envying, and taunts and insinuations without retaliation. He con- strife, and divisions' " (verse 3). The church is the fronted the meanness of men with a magnanimous temple of God; and God will destroy those who by love. He suffered patiently, confident that God schismatic practices destroy the church. Says the would make all things work together for good."— SDA Bible Commentary: "It is a fearful thing to The SDA Bible Commentary on 1 Peter 2:21. bring injury to the church of God. Those who by Obviously, verse 21 says a great deal more to our word or example tear down that which God has "now" situation when it is kept in context than built up are denounced as worthy of the most severe when it is read as an isolated verse. Standing alone, punishment."—Comments on 1 Cor. 3:17. it seems to point to some vague time in the future Without question the physical body is the temple when Christians will be persecuted as was Jesus. of the Holy Ghost; Paul makes this plain in 1 Corin- But in context the verse says: "Don't fight back thians 6:19, 20. But in 1 Corinthians 3 he is talk- when you are misunderstood and mistreated. Your ing about a different body—the church. Master has set you an example in this respect. Peo- Now let us look at 1 Corinthians 15:31: "I die ple reviled Him, but He didn't react in kind. He daily." To most Christians this text means crucify was treated wrongfully and cruelly, but He accepted self each morning, and let Christ live within (as it meekly. He let God square accounts. You do outlined in Galatians 2:20). As homily this meaning the same." is legitimate enough, but as exegesis it lacks a great deal. And, in context the verse means something Accountability to God quite different. In 1 Corinthians 15 the apostle Paul And now the fourth example: "For none of us is discussing the resurrection. In part he is arguing liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself" for the certainty of the resurrection. He says that (Rom. 14:7). More often than not, this verse is used inasmuch as Christ died and came forth from the to teach the importance of influence in interpersonal tomb, all who die in Christ also will come forth. relationships ("Whatever you do, affects someone Then Paul refers to his own experience. He says else"). But the verses that surround this text reveal that his life is one of persecution, difficulty, harass- that the apostle Paul had in mind a very different ment, trials, physical dangers, and hardships of all point. Paul is emphasizing accountability to God. kinds (and documentation of this certainly is not He says that whether in questions of dietary prac- lacking; see 2 Corinthians 11:23-28; 4:8-11). For the tices or the day one regards as holy, satisfy God, He sake of Christ he puts his life in jeopardy every clay. urges Christians to stop judging one another; but Scorning a safe and easy life, he risks his own life to recognize the Lordship of Christ, and be sensi- daily in order to share with others the good news tive to His wishes and commands. "For none of us of salvation. This "living death" experience he uses liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself." as an argument for the resurrection. Paul is saying, "Whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and "It would be irrational for me to take such risks for whether we die, we die unto the Lord" (verse 8). a false teaching. The fact that I am willing to 'die Elsewhere Paul makes the same point: "Whether daily' for this doctrine shows how deeply I believe therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsover ye do, do all it." to the glory of God" (1 Cor. 10:31). A third text that is rich with meaning when ex- Examples similar to these might be multiplied. amined in its setting is 1 Peter 2:21: "Even hereunto But perhaps these are adequate to suggest the re- were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, wards in enlarged concepts and more accurate un- leaving us an example, that ye should follow his derstandings that await those who study Bible steps." Standing by itself, this verse says that since verses in simple, literary context. And the horizons Christ suffered, His followers can expect to suffer widen when the historical context also is considered. too. K. H. W.
2 REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 prise, and who influence character. It happy to help him call a missionary -Mu Week.— is the work of true education to develop friend by radio. For isolated workers this power, to train the youth to be ham radio provides the same kind of In discussing the parable of the tal- thinkers, and not mere reflectors of security that the telephone does for ents, Ellen White says: "The question other men's thought. Instead of confin- those at home. that most concerns us is not, How much ing their study to that which men have said or written, let students be directed Walton J. Brown, an associate secre- have I received? but, What am I doing tary of the GC Department of Educa- with that which I have? The develop- to the sources of truth."—Education, p. 17. tion, this week begins a series (page 14) Ment of all our powers is the first duty on his recent itinerary through parts of Dr. Loveless pleads that adults work- we owe to God and to our fellow men. Europe and Africa, inspecting SDA ing with young minds should strive No one who is not growing daily in schools. Readers will be interested in to develop the God-given individuality capability and usefulness is fulfilling the educational developments in those areas of each child. Their preparation for purpose of life."—Christ's Object Les- of the world. sons, pp. 329, 330. real-life problem solving, decision mak- This kind of statement puts an extra ing, and conceptualizing will give them If you failed to get the gist of the responsibility on the one who works a better start toward reaching God's title of the August 24 Editor's View- with children and young people, who ideal. point, "Brethren in America . . - Wake are just beginning to discover their Up!" there was a good reason. We offer This week we publish the 1972 Call here our apologies and our explana- abilities and interests. Often at home List of SDA Amateur Radio Operators and in school, children are measured tion. (page 16). Perhaps some readers wonder From the latter part of July till the by an arbitrary standard, labeled, and what justification we can find for the poured into whatever mold is necessary first part of September the editor was publishing of a list of hobbyists. away from the office visiting camp meet- to produce models of the arbitrary The fact is that amateur radio is standard. ings and meeting other appointments playing an increasingly helpful role in in California. It is to this situation that Edna Maye Adventist mission work. Because the During his absence, when the Editor's Loveless, who holds a doctorate from church has such an extensive mission Viewpoint was adjusted to fit the space the University of Maryland, addresses program, amateur radio has become a allotted for it, the Ellen White quota- herself this week. In her article, "Un- means of keeping workers in touch with tion from which the title was taken was leashing the Child's Creative Impulses" one another and with their families. In eliminated. (page 6), Dr. Loveless says, "We label some areas, such as Pitcairn, where mail Here is the statement from which the their efforts A, B, C, D, or F, making service is irregular at best, it is the only title was quoted: sure most of them get C's, which tells way of regularly contacting church mem- "If we indeed have the truth for these them they aren't special, merely one of bers. last days, it must he carried to every the heap. And when they get home we One of the RFVIEW associate editors, nation, kindred, tongue, and people. give them dollars for A's and belabor Don F. Neufeld, is an amateur radio . . . Brethren in America, in the name them for C's, often taking more interest operator (ham operator) who is regularly of my Master I bid you wake up! You in a grade than in the accomplishment in touch with workers in South America. that are placing your talents of means it represents. . . . in a napkin, and hiding them in the "Is it any wonder ... that by the time Sometimes he makes as many as five or six telephone calls for them in one earth, who are building houses and add- most students complete the fifth grade ing land to land, God calls upon you, the creative impulses they possessed in evening, enabling them to speak by `Sell that ye have, and give alms.' "— abundance in preschool years are almost phone patch to their friends in the Counsels on Stewardship, pp. 39, 40. totally squelched?" Washington, D.C., area, or, for that matter, anywhere in the U.S. Other hams BIBLE CREDITS: Texts in this issue credited Ellen White strongly urges individual to N.E.B. are from The New Encli,h Bible. © The development. "Every human being, cre- do the same in other parts of the world. Delegates of the Oxford University Press and the The Call List is arranged for the con- Syndics of the Cambridge University Press 1970. ated in the image of God, is endowed Reprinted by permission. with a power akin to that of the Cre- venience of those who use it. However, Texts credited to Phillips are from The New ator—individuality, power to think and any reader who has the patience to read Testament in Modern Engliih. © J. B. Phillips, 1958. Used by permission of The Macmillan Com- to do. The men in whom this power is through the 855 names and addresses pany. developed are the men who bear re- will undoubtedly find someone he knows PHOTO CREDITS: Page 9, Bob Taylor; pp. 14 sponsibilities, who are leaders in enter- or someone near him who would be and 15, courtesy of the author.
Advent Review and Sabbath Herald + GENERAL CHURCH PAPER OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS + 722D YEAR OF CONTINUOUS PUBLICATION
Editor: KENNETH H. WOOD In 1849 a company of Sabbathkeeping Adventists began to publish a paper called The Present Truth. In 1850 they also published six issues of The Advent Review. In November of that year, Associate Editors: DON F. NEUFELD, HERBERT E. DOUGLASS these two papers merged under the name Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, now titled THOMAS A. DAVIS, RAY D. VINE ADVENT REVIEW AND SABBATH HERALD. Its objective is unchanged—to preach "the everlasting gospel" Secretary to the Editor: CORINNE WILKINSON in the context of the Sabbath, the Second Advent, and other of the church's distinctive truths. Editorial Secretaries: ROSEMARY BRADLEY, RUBY LEE JONES, IDAMAE MELENDY TO OUR CONTRIBUTORS: The REVIEW welcomes articles on devotional and doctrinal top- ics; also news and pictures of important denominational happenings--church dedications, camp Art: Director, HAROLD W. MUNSON; Layout, G. W. Buscx meetings, evangelistic meetings, and other events. All manuscripts should be typed, double spaced, with adequate margins. Stories and pictures should indicate whether they are being submitted Consulting Editors: ROBERT H. PIERSON, It. R. BIETZ, F. L. BLAND, THEODORE to other publications or are exclusive to the REVIEW, High quality color transparencies, blank-and- CARCICH, W. J. HACKETT, M. S. NIGRI, NEAL C. WILSON white prints, or negatives are equally acceptable. Unsolicited manuscripts are welcome, but will Special Contributors: C. 0. FRANZ, K. H. EMMERSON, R. R. FIGUHR, W. R. be accepted without remuneration, and will be returned only if accompanied by a stamped, self- addressed envelope. Authors should identify themselves, laymen by giving the name of their church BEACH, FREDERICK LEE, M. E. LIND, R. R. FRAME, H, VOGEL, P. H. ELDRIDGE, and pastor. Items for "Letters to the Editor" cannot be acknowledged. Address all materials B. L. ARCHBOLD, W. DUNCAN EVA, R. A. Wit.cox, R. S. LOWRY, M. L. MILLS, to: Editor, ADVENT REVIEW AND SABBATH HERALD, 6856 Eastern Ave., NW., Washington, D.C. 20012. C. L. POWERS SUBSCRIPTIONS: United States, $9.95. The subscription rate may be slightly higher in Canada Corresponding Editors, World Divisions: Afro-Mideast, R. W, TAYLOR; Austral- owing to differences in Canadian and United States currencies. For each subscription ordered in the asian, ROBERT H. PARR; Rum-Africa, E. E. WHITE, associate E. KOEHLER; United States to go to foreign countries other than Canada, add $1.50 postage. When changing Far Eastern, D. A. ROTH; Inter-American, MARCEL ABEL; Northern Europe- address, give both old and new address, allowing 30 to 60 days for change. When writing about West Africa, PAUL SUNDQUIST, South American, R. J. PEVERINI; Southern your subscription, or requesting change of address, please enclose the address label from one of Asia, A. J. JOHANSON; Trans-Africa, DESMOND B. HILLS your current issues of the Review. Address all correspondence concerning subscriptions to: Manager, Periodical Department, Review and Herald, 6856 Eastern Ave., NW., Washington, D.C. 20012. Circulation Manager: EDMUND M. PETERSON A quarterly edition of the REVIEW in Braille is published by the Christian Record Braille Field Representative: Foundation, P.O. Box 6097, Lincoln, Nebratka 68506. Braille REVIEWS are available free to the blind.
Published by the Seventh-day Adventist Church and printed every Thursday by the Review and Herald Publishing Association, 6856 Eastern Avenue NW., Wash- ington, D.C. 20012, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright © 1972, Review and Herald Publishing Association. Volume 149, Number 36.
REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 CAN ENTER
By VICTOR A. ANDERSON
HE death of Nathan Leopold Let us hope that during his long late in 1971 was a grim re- confinement in his lonely prison cell, Tminder of a horrendous crime where he had ample time for reflec- that was committed in Chicago 47 tion, he found peace and pardon in years ago—a crime in which Richard Christ. No case is hopeless in God's Loeb and Nathan Leopold bludg- sight. eoned to death 14-year-old Bobby "In every human being He [Christ] Franks. discerned infinite possibilities. He Nathan was a brilliant student, a saw men as they might be, transfig- genius with an IQ of 210. By the time ured by His grace—'in the beauty of he was 18 years old he had completed the Lord our God.' Psalm 90:17. . . . his course at the University of Chi- In His presence souls despised and cago, the youngest person ever to fallen realized that they still were be graduated from that institution. men, and they longed to prove them- He planned to enter Harvard in the selves worthy of His regard. In many fall after an extended trip to a heart that seemed dead to all things Europe. Loeb had enrolled in a law holy, were awakened new impulses. school and had equally bright pros- To many a despairing one there pects for a promising future. How- opened the possibility of a new life." ever, in a few terrifying hours all —Education, p. 80. their hopes were shattered. Many scriptures might be cited After a prolonged trial, Loeb and setting forth God's redeeming grace Leopold were sentenced to life im- toward the apparently hopeless sin- prisonment. Both of these young ner. The apostle Paul, who referred men discovered the truthfulness of to himself as chief of sinners, reflect- the words of the wise man: "The way ing perhaps on his own experience, of transgressors is hard." said: "Though sin is known to be During the 44 years that Leopold wide and deep, thank God his grace spent in prison he expressed sincere is wider and deeper still! The whole sorrow for his crime. He sought in outlook changes" (Rom. 5:20, Phil- every way possible to make amends. lips). He offered himself for malaria ex- The following assurance from the periments. He became an exemplary pen of inspiration should be a source prisoner. When he was finally re- of comfort to the most depraved sin- leased lie went to Puerto Rico and ner: "He will lower the golden chain dedicated the remainder of his life to of His mercy to the lowest depths of working with the lepers. The woman human wretchedness, and lift up the he married referred to him as the debased soul contaminated with sin." most gentle man she had ever known. —The Ministry of Healing, p. 161. Here are a few examples of men Victor A. Anderson is a minister in of renown who were rescued from a Modesto, California. life of sin in a remarkable manner:
4 REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 ute to the man and his transformed life: "I had rather hear my friend, the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, talk about God than any theologian I know. A militant agnostic, scornful of religion, he was hopelessly beaten by drink, and then, to his amaze- John Newton was a notorious ment, reaching out in his despair for enter in." Sadly he turned away with his hopes unfulfilled, when a voice drunken slavetrader who later found some power to save him, he found it. pardon in Christ. In one of his beau- You should hear him talk about God, said to him, "Look!" He looked and tiful hymns he expressed his grati- humbly, no theological dogmatism saw another group, larger than all tude in these words: in him, not thinking he knows much the other groups combined. They too "Amazing grace! how sweet the about God, but sure, absolutely sure, were marching toward the gates sing- sound of one thing: a power is here greater ing and praising God. In front That saved a wretch like me! walked Mary Magdalene and by her I once was lost, but now am found; side was the thief whom Christ par- Was blind, but now I see." doned on the cross. John Bunyan was a drunken tinker The man thought, There will be who eked out a bare existence and No matter what no jubilation over this motley group. satisfied his craving for drink. His life the nature of our sin we But to his astonishment it seemed as too was transformed by the power of if all heaven was rent with sevenfold God. His best-selling book Pilgrim's have the assurance shouts as they passed in. Progress has been a blessing and an that "He is waiting. . • •" The angel said to him, "These are inspiration to millions. they that were mighty sinners, saved Ellen G. White paid this beautiful by mighty grace." tribute to the author: "In a loath- "Blessed be God," the man ex- some dungeon crowded with profli- than ourselves that we can get in claimed, "I can go in with them!" gates and felons, John Bunyan touch with and that can give to man Ellen White reminds us that spe- breathed the very atmosphere of spiritual mastery over life."—On cial honors will be conferred on those Being Fit to Live, p. 166. who have distinguished themselves Perhaps we have never been guilty by great deeds of love and sacrifice of any of the major sins that God con- and devotion: demns, but we may harbor in our "Amid the ransomed throng are hearts sins that are even more repug- the apostles of Christ, the heroic . . . not thinking he nant in the sight of God. Paul, the ardent Peter, the loved and knows much about God, "The drunkard is despised, and is loving John, and their truehearted told that his sin will exclude him brethren, and with them the vast but sure, absolutely from heaven; while pride, selfishness, host of martyrs." "Nearest the throne sure, of one thing . . ." and covetousness too often go unre- are those who were once zealous in buked. But these are sins that are es- the cause of Satan, but who, plucked pecially offensive to God. . . . He who falls into some of the grosser sins may feel a sense of his shame and heaven; and there he wrote his won- poverty and his need of the grace of derful allegory of the pilgrim's jour- Christ, but pride feels no need, and "I stood outside ney from the land of destruction to so it closes the heart against Christ, the gate, and Jesus the celestial city. For over two hun- and the infinite blessings that He dred years that voice from Bedford came to give."—Steps to Christ, p. 30. let me in." jail has spoken with thrilling power No matter what the nature of our to the hearts of men. Bunyan's Pil- sin we have the assurance that "He is grim's Progress and Grace Abound- waiting to strip them of their gar- ing to the Chief of Sinners have ments stained and polluted with sin, guided many feet into the path of and to put upon them the white as brands from the burning, have followed their Saviour with deep, in- life."—The Great Controversy, p. robes of righteousness."—Ibid., p. tense devotion."—The Great Con- 252. 55. John Gough, a converted alco- Charles Spurgeon relates an im- troversy, pp. 667, 665. holic, was D. L. Moody's featured pressive dream a man once had, in "I stood outside the gate, a poor way- speaker in many of his campaigns in which the man stood outside the faring child; the United States and Britain. The gates of heaven yearning to enter. As Within my heart there beat a tem- thrilling story of his conversion re- he stood there musing, the gates of pest loud and wild. kindled hope in the lives of hundreds heaven swung open, and three groups '0 Mercy!' loud I cried, 'Now give of alcoholics and inspired them to of people entered singing and prais- me rest from sin!' seek salvation and deliverance at the ing God. The first group was com- 'I will,' a voice replied, and Mercy foot of the cross. prised of the prophets, the second the let me in. The Bible says that "he [Jesus] is apostles, and the third the martyrs. Oh, what a blest return for all my able also to save them to the utter- As each group entered, the angels years of sin! most that come unto God by him" bade them welcome and made the I stood outside the gate and Jesus (Heb. 7:25). This text was literally arches of heaven resound with their let me in." fulfilled in the life of the founder of songs of praise and thanksgiving. -JOSEPHINE POLLARD Alcoholics Anonymous. Harry Emer- The onlooker said, "I do not fit in Christ in Song, p. 90. son Fosdick pays this beautiful trib- with any of these groups, so I cannot ++ REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 5 Needed: A cure for cancer A study to de- Unleashing the termine the factors influencing young peo- ple to leave the church Child's Creative A viable solution to smog New methods of evan- gelism Imaginative, incisive writers for our youth inconvenient to tear ourselves from homes and schools students who will and missionary our all-important thoughts and con- face life optimistically and attempt cerns! And in our homes we often great things in the world, we need journals present a grim view of life. How to heed Ellen White's urgent ap- Bright new ideas for could the optimistic remain so in peal: "Every human being, created such a setting? in the image of God, is endowed urban renewal In our schools we tend to put with a power akin to that of the these inquiring bundles of energy in Creator—individuality, power to By EDNA MAYE LOVELESS prim rows, pour information into think and to do. The men in whom their little heads, reward them for this power is developed are the men spewing it back at us, and above all, who bear responsibilities, who are praise them for sitting quietly and leaders in enterprise, and who in- not interrupting with their ques- fluence character. It is the work of tions. After all, we have to "cover true education to develop this HE world is so full of need! the material" in the book. power, to train the youth to be Our little ones are so curious, so We label their efforts A, B, C, D, thinkers, and not mere reflectors of optimistic, so creative, in their early or F, making sure most of them get other men's thought." C's, which tells them they aren't spe- years. If only we could harness their Thinking for Themselves predispositions to creativity to solve cial, merely one of the heap. And some of the problems in our world. when they get home we give them If students are given opportunity What happens to their curious, dollars for A's and belabor them for to think for themselves instead of optimistic, creative impulses? What C's, often taking more interest in a being required to be "mere reflec- happens to their quick, inquiring grade than the accomplishment it tors of other men's thought," em- minds, so ready at two, three, and represents—perhaps because the phasis in the classroom must be on four years of age to tackle monu- "accomplishment" is knowing a something other than merely learn- mental challenges such as walking string of tedious facts that bore ing what other men have codified. upright, climbing, talking, and so- both them and us. Students need to learn to observe cializing? What happens to their Is it any wonder that one of mod- the world about them and the work spirit that is undaunted by defeat? ern education's most respected of God in the earth and reach The answer is complex and in- voices has asserted that by the time their own conclusions. complete, but some of it can be most students complete the fifth Ellen White makes some pointed found in (1) our homes and (2) grade the creative impulses they statements about the method of our schools. possessed in abundance in preschool teaching God's Word in the class- In our homes we have myriads of years are almost totally squelched, room: "Faithful teachers should be ways to crush creative impulses. except in the case of a few indomi- placed in charge of the Bible classes, ("Be quiet!" "Now see what you've table spirits, probably sponsored by teachers who will strive to make the done," in a tone that says, "You a rare understanding parent or students understand their lessons, cause me great displeasure. Stop ex- teacher? 1 From these few indomi- not by explaining everything to perimenting with the world!") table spirits have come the people them, but by requiring them to ex- In our homes we characteristi- who turned the world upside down, plain clearly every passage they cally turn a deaf ear to the curious whether they stood behind pulpits, read." inquiries of the little ones. It's so sat with pen in hand, tinkered in Teachers are enjoined to say by the laboratory, or nurtured small off- their manner to students: "Let us Edna Maye Loveless is a teacher, spring in the home! study together. . . . By asking ques- living in Loma Linda, California. If we want to send from our tions you may suggest ideas that are
6 REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 demic achievements often overlooks his idea without worrying about the students possessed of other valu- whether it merits an A, B, C, or F. able talents. The creative, decision- The child begins to see that sim- making, planning, forecasting, and plistic answers are not always suf- verbal skills are given small quarter ficient. He sees the value of his in an academic grading system. Stu- peers' ideas and the stimulation that dents with academic skills may comes from sharing ideas. Even the emerge from school with an exalted process of suggesting and discarding opinion of their abilities. In fact, solutions can be seen as valuable as our grading system may do the the student moves toward more vi- greatest damage to A students, who able possibilities and becomes con- often lose sight of what education cerned, not with his performance, is all about. They sometimes hoard but with providing for a crying need information, fearing to share it with in the world. fellow students lest their eminence In all our nurturing and teaching on an honor roll be displaced by endeavors with our little ones we someone they help. What a false need to encourage them to express mpu I ses their own sense of values is thus fostered! thoughts and make their Such students are not excited by own conclusions, as instructed ex- what they are learning. They are plicitly here: "The education that merely excited by the end-product: consists in the training of the mem- grades. How far such students de- ory, tending to discourage inde- part from this counsel: "Not all the pendent thought, has a moral bear- youth are able to grasp ideas ing which is too little appreciated. quickly. If you see a fellow student As the student sacrifices the power who has difficulty in understanding to reason and judge for himself, he new to me. Various ways of express- his lessons, explain them to him. . . . becomes incapable of discriminating ing the truth we are studying will Often minds apparently stolid will between truth and error, and falls bring light into our class. If any ex- catch ideas more quickly from a fel- an easy prey to deception. He is eas- planation of the word differs from low student than from a teacher. Be ily led to follow tradition and cus- your previous understanding, do not patient and persevering, and by and tom." ° hesitate to state your views of the by the hesitancy and dullness will What kind of questions are ap- subject." disappear. In your efforts to help propriate in the classroom—or Sab- In classrooms where inquiry is others, you will be helped. God will bath school room—to encourage in- pursued in a supportive manner, give you power to advance in your dependent thought? Examine the without the heavy-handed game of studies." pairs of questions below to deter- guessing - what - answer - the - mine which would call for the more teacher - wants - in - order - to - get - Making Valid Judgments creative, independent response. a - good - grade, meaningful learning If we abandon our dependence 1. Where did Abraham live when and creative enterprise can be fos- on objective tests necessary for easy God called him? tered into a way of life. assessment of A-to-F grading levels, Or Evaluation is necessary, of course. we can turn our efforts to some of If Abraham had asked me for But it can be made in terms of the education's most essential tasks: advice about leaving Ur, I child's own progress and can encom- helping our children make valid probably would have said pass more than mere academic be- judgments, preparing them to cope 2. Name the town where Jesus havior. Often it can be made by the with a fast-changing world, giving lived as a youth. student himself, as he states how he them a vision of the need to strive or has grown during the past weeks and toward solution of the world's prob- Compare your hometown to outlines areas where he wants to im- lems. We can provide them with Jesus' hometown. prove. many opportunities to deal with 3. Name the tribes of Israel. An A-B-C-D-F grading system real-life situations. We can pose a or places a teacher at a great disadvan- multitude of problems for which we If you had been born in Israel, tage. If he prepares a test that yields do not provide or require "right an- tell to which tribe you'd prefer unequivocal right answers, he can swers." For many problems in life to belong, and why. divide students into achievement there are only tentative answers. No 4. State Jesus' seven final sayings levels. But in pursuing such a course one has a "right answer" for cancer on the cross. he must demand mere reflection of cure, youth attrition from the Or other men's thoughts, and he will church, or new evangelistic modes. Describe Jesus' final hours on be neglecting much of the "whole There is likely to be a variety of an- the cross as you think it would man" that concerns true education. swers for each of these problems, ar- have been reported by one of Little harmonious development rived at by developing an attitude these people: of the mental, physical, and spirit- that often asks, "What if---" or (a) His mother, (b) Peter, (c) ual powers is achieved in filling in "Suppose we tried this?" or "Based one of the thieves, (d) one of blanks or regurgitating "right an- on the facts we have been able to the guards, (e) Nicodemus, (f) swers." The Pharisees were able to accumulate, what are our possible Pilate, (g) Simon the Cyrene. quote vast quantities of Scripture, conclusions?" and usually could provide "right an- A teacher needs to be free to ask For a more strictly academic swers," yet they failed to recognize many questions that will produce a discipline, consider these: the Christ of the Scriptures when different response in each child. As 5. 10±2— He arrived. each child poses a tentative solution, or Placing labels on students' aca- the teacher can help him examine If you buy two apples for 10c,
REVIEW AND HERALD, September 7, 1972 7 how much does one apple cost? may cost 9c while the other Sometimes when we are teaching costs lc, and so on.) in the classroom or Sabbath school (Even this latter question has If we reward the creative response we ask a simple question, one to no one right answer. The stu- instead of repressing it for its de- which everyone could respond, and dent could pose a variety of viancy, we may be fostering the the students sit in stony silence. possible responses: spirit we need to produce men and Why? women willing to try new ways of Could it be that they are saying, This may be a "buy one, get doing things and to tackle the im- "I know the answer. The teacher one free sale." Or one apple ponderables of life. knows the answer. Everyone here