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Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Gurdal Ertek, Byung-Geun Choi, X

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Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Gurdal Ertek, Byung-Geun Choi, X Graph-based analysis of resource dependencies in project networks Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Gurdal Ertek, Byung-Geun Choi, X. Chi, D Yang, Ong Boon Yong To cite this version: Gurdal Ertek, Byung-Geun Choi, X. Chi, D Yang, Ong Boon Yong. Graph-based analysis of resource dependencies in project networks Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Net- works. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)„ Oct 2015, Santa Clara, United States. hal-01744358 HAL Id: hal-01744358 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01744358 Submitted on 27 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ertek, G., Choi, B.-G., Chi, X., Yang, D., Yong, O. B., "Graph-based analysis of resource dependencies in project networks". In Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). (2015) 2143 - 2149. Note: This document the final draft version of this paper. Please cite this paper as above. You can download this final draft from the following websites: http://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/ The published paper can be accessed from the following short url: bit.ly/1SbBk49 or the following URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7363999&newsearch= true&queryText=gurdal%20ertek Graph-Based Analysis of Resource Dependencies in Project Networks Gurdal Ertek Byung-Geun Choi Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai Xu Chi Dubai Silicon Oasis, DaZhi Yang Dubai, U.A.E. Ong Boon Yong [email protected] Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— It is a challenge to visualize high dimensional data Resource Planning (ERP) systems are not specially tuned such as project data to yield new and interesting types of and customized for the needs of the industry, leaving many insights. To address this, we augment the traditional PERT of the pain points unsolved. (3) Classic project management network diagram with additional nodes that represent tools do not always support decision making to the required resources, and with arcs from the resource nodes to the degree, making project management time-consuming and activities that use those resources. Subsequently, we apply difficult. (4) Classic graphical tools of project management various graph layout algorithms that can reveal the hidden provide limited capability for insight generation. (5) There patterns in the graph data. Finally, we also map various does not exist an insight-generation visual tool that illustrates attributes of the activities to the features of activity nodes. We resource dependencies in a project, before scheduling. illustrate the applicability and usefulness of our methodology through two case studies, where we visualize data from a It is the goal of this paper to present a new visualization benchmark data library and from the real world. scheme that helps solve the above mentioned problems encountered in the shipyard industry, as well as other Keywords- project management; PERT; graph visualization; industries that operate on project basis. The presented graph layout algorithm; information visualization. visualization scheme was developed with a perspective of putting emphasis on the resources required to execute project I. INTRODUCTION tasks, and thus follows the same perspective as the Critical A project can be defined as “a temporary endeavor Chain Method (CCM) [2,3,4] and the theory of constraints undertaken to create a unique product or service” and project [5,6,7]. management can be defined as the “application of Project management involves the coordination of the knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities activities, resources, finances and information during the to meet project requirements” [1]. Industries where the completion of a project. The project management literature production process is in the form of projects include contains several visual tools to help with this coordination. aerospace, software, construction, and shipyard industries. The most popular visual tools are the Gantt chart [8] and the The motivation for the presented research was a series of PERT network diagram [9], illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, projects completed with the shipyard industry, and the respectively. The Gantt chart visualizes the schedule of a research goal was to develop new planning tools for project project, illustrating which activity takes place over which management. time ranges. PERT network diagram, on the other hand, Shipyard (ship building and ship repair) industry is a visualizes the precedence relations between activities, as well competitive international industry in terms of not only price, as other relevant data (in textual form) inside the activity but also quality and time-to-delivery. Achieving shorter nodes [10]. Typical information and data displayed inside a project completion times (makespans) increases the node of the PERT network diagram include the activity competitiveness of a company. The project management name, the activity duration early start time, early finish time, systems in a typical shipyard pose several challenges (related late start time, late finish time and the slack. Besides these to our research), most of which are also encountered in two visualizations, another commonly applied visualization, project management settings in other industries: (1) Current namely the Resource Schedule Gantt chart [11], is a information technology (IT) systems exist as islands and are modified version of the Gantt chart, where the x-axis still not integrated to connect, exchange, and analyze data. (2) shows time but the y-axis shows resources rather than tasks Off-the-shelf software products and generic Enterprise (Figure 3). While all the mentioned visualizations are useful and Russell et al. [12] present a visualization scheme for highly popular in industry and academia, we initiated a change order (orders for change in the project) data, based on research project for developing new visualization schemes 3-dimensional (3D) bar-charts. They also thoroughly explain that can illustrate resource dependencies to visually help with why and how visualizations can help with project cognition and insight generation. This paper presents a management, with citations to both project management and particular scheme that has been developed to this end. information visualization literatures. They visualize change order data with 3D bar-charts, whereas we visualize project data with graphs. Zhang and Zhu [13] introduce an intelligent project scheduling system, namely Scheduling with a Vision (SWAV), which creates both schedules and visualizations. In the visualizations, the status of critical factors such as cash in- and outflows and resource utilizations are shown based on the schedule. While resource utilizations are also illustrated in our study, the visualization in [13] requires the generation of a schedule, which our study does not require. Chiu and Russell [14] illustrate various aspects of a project’s schedule, such as the schedule itself, and planned vs. actual work, using linear planning (LP) chart views. We, in our paper, do not require a schedule and Figure 1. Gantt chart example. introduce graph-based visualizations. They also discuss the benefits of visualizing construction data, and includes a case study. Aguirregoitia et al. [15] use T-cube and metromap visualization schemes for visualizing software project data and compares the two schemes with respect to similarities and differences. Luz et al. [16] present Chronos, a tool for interactive scheduling and visualization of task hierarchies. The paper also successfully presents a review of visualization schemes similar to Gantt charts. Last but not Figure 2. PERT network example. the least, Songer et al. [17] visualize project control data, specifically cost data, and apply Charette testing to prove the Employee Name Department effectiveness of the visualizations. 2-Dec 3-Dec 4-Dec 5-Dec 6-Dec 7-Dec 8-Dec 9-Dec 10-Dec 11-Dec 12-Dec Gürdal Ertek HR NengSheng Zhang HR Byung-Geun Choi Support Paul Anderson Support Our study contributes to the research community in three Zhou Xi Technical Staff Steven Covosco Technical Staff dimensions: First, we develop and present a new Stanley Lim Yong IT Stefan Christianssen IT visualization scheme for showing resource dependencies in projects. Second, we list and illustrate the types of Figure 3. Resource Schedule Gantt chart example. actionable insight that can be derived from using the proposed visualization scheme. Finally, we provide a proof In project planning, it is important to respect the of concept and exhibit the proposed scheme in two case precedence relationships between the different activities. studies. PERT network diagram readily allows for the representation of these precedence relations on a graph. Resources are also The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: important in project planning
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