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Geochemical and Geophysical Reconnaissance of Parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias Quadrangles, Alaska

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Geochemical and Geophysical Reconnaissance of Parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias Quadrangles, Alaska Geochemical and Geophysical Reconnaissance of Parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias Quadrangles, Alaska By E. M. MAcKEVETT, JR., and GEORGE PLAFKER CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1312-L UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 79-608-650 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract . ... ....... .................. ......... .. ............... ..................................... LI Introduction . ............... ........... .................... ......... ....................................... LI Geologic setting ................................................................................................ L3 Distribution of metals .............................. .......... .................. ................ L6 Precious metals ........ ....... ..... ...... ... ................... .................. L7 Base metals . ............................ ................................. ..... .......................... L8 Iron and ferroalloy metals........... ..... ................................................... L8 Other metals . .............................................................................................. L10 Magnetometer survey ............................... ..................................................... L10 Conclusions ........................................ ............ .................................................. Lll References cited .................................................................................................. Lll ILLUSTRATIONS ' Page PLATE 1. Map showing generalized geology, geochemical sample locations, and size of anomalous concentrations of metals for parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles . ... ....................... ....... .. ................................... In pocket FIGURE 1, Index map of Alaska showing location of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles and area of this investigation ................................................................................ L2 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Partial analyses of samples from the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles that contain the principal anomalous concentrations of metals................................. L4 III CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF PARTS OF THE YAKUTAT AND MOUNT SAINT ELIAS QUADRANGLES, ALASKA By E. M. MACKEVETT, JR., and GEORGE PLAFKER ABSTRACT Geochemical analyses of rock, vein, altered-zone, and stream-sediment samples from parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elais quadrangles show numerous weakly anomalous concentrations of several metals, but none that appear to have any immediate economic significance. Anomalies detected by an airborne magnetic survey of beach deposits on the Yakutat Foreland are believed to represent buried rocks of the Yakutat Group that are magnetic rather than concentrations of magnetic minerals in the beach deposits. INTRODUCTION Geochemical sampling and mapping of parts of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles, Alaska, were undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of its Heavy Metals program. This report describes the most significant results of geochemical sampling and an airborne magnetometer survey and attempts to relate anomalous concentrations of metals to their geologic set­ tings. More extensive analytical data on all the geochemical samples that were collected during the investigation are given in an open-file report (MacKevett and Plafker, 1969). The region investigated includes most of the Yakutat 1:250,000 quadrangle east of Yakutat Bay and the adjacent southern part of the Mount Saint Elias quadrangle (fig. 1). This area, which lies be­ tween the Canadian boundary line and the Gulf of Alaska, includes some of the lofty peaks of the Saint Elias Mountains and several spectacular glaciers and fiords. The geochemical sampling was done in conjunction with helicopter-supported geologic mapping under the direction of Ll L2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY V- 0 100 200 MILES MOUNT SAINT ELIAS QUADRANGLE YAKUTAT UADRANGLE iU6A« PACIFIC OCEA f>' 5^174' 178' 178' 174' f. tast of West of 1 Greenwich -4 o 52?l^^'| 30' 1 Aleutian '^ /T^ands 1 FIGURE 1. Location of the Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias quadrangles. Stippling indicates area of investigation. Plafker. The samples were collected by Plafker in 1967 and by Plafker, MacKevett, and M. E. Perkins in 1968. The lack of stream-sediment samples throughout much of the higher terrain reflects poor stream development and the prevalence of glacial drainage in a rigorous alpine environment. Analyses were made for 217 samples that included country rocks, mineralized rocks, material from hydrothermally altered zones, and material from veins; 101 samples of stream sediments and one of beach sand. The sediment samples represent the finest grained material avail­ able at the sample site. The other samples were mainly random or composite grab samples that reflect the general composition of the material sampled. Chip or channel samples were taken of some local strongly mineralized concentrations. Most individual grab samples were about the size of an ordinary hand specimen or its fragmented equivalent. The samples were analyzed for 30 elements by a standard semiquantitative spectrographic method; in addition, most sam­ ples were analyzed for gold by atomic absorption methods. All analyses were made in laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey. The geochemical fieldwork focused on sampling material of YAKUTAT AND MOUNT SAINT ELIAS QUADRANGLES L3 possible economic significance, such as hydrothermally altered zones, veins, and mineralized rocks, and on reconnaissance stream-sediment sampling. Numerous samples were collected of the diverse rocks in the quadrangles to provide background geo- chemical data and to aid in the geologic studies. Only the mag­ netometer survey was used to obtain information on the black beach sands and their related beach terrace placers; the deposits themselves were investigated only in a cursory fashion. Some of these deposits were studied by Blackwelder (1907) and by Thomas and Berryhill (1962). The airborne magnetometer sur­ vey covered about 2,500 square miles in an area of beach deposits on the Yakutat Foreland between Yakutat and the Alsek River. The only known mining in the region consists of intermittent small-scale attempts to exploit the beach placers for gold. The only previously reported lode deposits in the region consist of copper-stained rocks along the Alsek River and a copper-bearing vein along Russell Fiord. These deposits, briefly mentioned by Blackwelder (1907, p. 87), whose source of information was prospectors, could not be located during this investigation. Although no ore deposits were found during our investigations, the analytical results indicate numerous minor anomalous con­ centrations of metals whose distributions and magnitudes should be of value in future prospecting. The analytical results should also be of use in provenance and similar regional geologic studies. GEOLOGIC SETTING The geology of the region investigated is dominated by the Fairweather fault and by other major steeply dipping, north­ west-striking faults (pi. 1). These faults form important struc­ tural boundaries between broadly distinctive geologic terranes. The terrane east of the Art Lewis lineament consists of abundant marble, metavolcanic rocks, and mica schist, and these rocks are intruded by granitic rocks and locally abundant aplitic dikes and sills. The terrane between the Fairweather fault and the Art Lewis lineament consists of diverse metamorphic rocks (am- phibolite to a high-grade assemblage in the greenschist facies), large granitic plutons, and extensive aureoles of migmatite. A thick amphibolite unit borders the Fairweather fault on the east for a distance of more than 100 miles. Between the Fairweather and Boundary faults, the rocks consist mainly of semischist, slate, local migmatite, and granitic plutons, as well as minor metavolcanics and marble; in contrast to the higher grade meta­ morphic rocks in terranes farther east, these rocks are mainly in L4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY TABLE 1. Partial analyses of samples from Yakutat and Mount Saint Elias [Analyses by semiquantitative spectrographic methods except for Au, which was analyzed by atomic absorption methods. All elements reported in parts per million, except Ti, which is reported in percent. Except for gold, results are reported to the nearest number in the series 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 *** . Analysts : W. L. Campbell, K. J. Curry, J. C. Hamilton, E. E. Martinez, R. L. Miller, J. M. Motooka, M. S. Rickard, R. B. Tripp, and J. G. Viets. Remarks: AH samples are grab samples unless otherwise indicated under Description. G= Sample Au . Ti Ag Co Cr Cu Mo Ni V 67APr 34A ........ 0.08 0.1 N 200 7 300 10 100 150 46D - 1 ..... N G(l) N 70 200 200 N 100 700 46D-2..... .02 .2 N 15 10 5 N 20 200 57A-1..... .3 N 30 150 700 L 50 300 58C..... ... N .7 N 30 300 15 N 50 500 63A-1.. .. .3 N 15 50 30 5 30 150 63A-2.. .. .3 N 30 30 20 3 30 300 63A-3..... N .5 0.5 100 50 500 5 50 500 65C-1..... .3 N 15 70 50 3 30 150 65C-2..... .7 N 30 3 70 L 15 300 65C-3.... .3 N 7 70 30 5 15 150 74C.... ... N .7 N 20 200 70 N 50 500 74D-2..... N .2 .7 10 150 100 10 50 500 76C.......
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