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Oak Creek and Spring Creek Verde River Watershed

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Oak Creek and Spring Creek Verde River Watershed Oak Creek and Spring Creek Verde River Watershed Total Maximum Daily Loads For Escherichia coliform Arizona Department of Environmental Quality August 30, 2010 Open File Report 10-01 Oak Creek E. coli TMDL TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................. V LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................1 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................................4 1.1 Physiographic Setting .....................................................................................4 1.2 Climatic Setting...............................................................................................4 1.3 Hydrology........................................................................................................6 1.4 Land Use and Ownership ...............................................................................6 1.5 Vegetation and Wildlife ...................................................................................6 2.0 EXISTING DATA SOURCES..........................................................................7 2.1 Existing Water Quality Data ............................................................................7 2.1.1 ADEQ Water Quality Data.........................................................................7 2.1.2 ASP Water Quality Data............................................................................9 2.1.3 FOF Water Quality Data............................................................................9 2.1.4 NAU Water Quality Data ...........................................................................9 2.1.5 NMP Water Quality Data.........................................................................10 2.1.6 USGS Water Quality Data.......................................................................10 2.2 Existing Discharge Data................................................................................10 2.2.1 USGS Discharge Data ............................................................................11 2.2.2 ASP Discharge Data ...............................................................................11 2.2.3 Yavapai County Discharge Data .............................................................11 3.0 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENTS .............................11 ii Oak Creek E. coli TMDL 3.1 Water Quality Standards...............................................................................11 3.2 Assessments.................................................................................................13 4.0 PREVIOUS WATER QUALITY STUDIES.....................................................14 4.1 Oak Creek Canyon NMP ..............................................................................14 4.2 The Oak Creek Canyon Escherichia coli Genotyping Project .......................15 4.3 ADEQ TMDL Studies ....................................................................................15 4.3.1 Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen TMDL....................................................15 4.3.2 Pathogen TMDL Slide Rock State Park ..................................................15 5.0 MODELING AND ANALYTICAL APPROACHES..........................................16 5.1 LDC Analysis ................................................................................................16 5.2 LDC Development.........................................................................................20 6.0 SOURCE ASSESSMENT .............................................................................20 6.1 Point sources ................................................................................................20 6.1.1 Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) ................................................21 6.1.2 Fish Hatcheries .......................................................................................21 6.1.3 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permits.......................22 6.1.4 Construction General Permits (CGP)......................................................23 6.2 NPS ..............................................................................................................23 6.2.1 Wildlife ....................................................................................................24 6.2.2 Domesticated Animals ............................................................................24 6.2.3 Human ....................................................................................................24 6.2.4 Urban/developed.....................................................................................25 7.0 TMDL CALCULATIONS................................................................................25 7.1 Natural Background ......................................................................................26 7.2 Margin of Safety............................................................................................27 iii Oak Creek E. coli TMDL 7.3 Oak Creek- Headwaters to West Fork Oak Creek (HUC 15060202- 019) ....27 7.4 Oak Creek- West Fork Oak Creek to SRSP (15060202-18A).......................29 7.5 Oak Creek- SRSP (15060202-18B) ..............................................................31 7.6 Oak Creek- SRSP to Dry Creek (15060202-18C).........................................32 7.7 Oak Creek- Dry Creek to Spring Creek (15060202-017) ..............................35 7.8 Spring Creek- Coffee Creek to Oak Creek (15060202-022) .........................37 8.0 TMDL IMPLEMENTATION ...........................................................................37 9.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................................................................39 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................41 iv Oak Creek E. coli TMDL LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Summary of Percent Load Reductions ...................................................2 Table 2. Impaired Segments of Oak Creek and Spring Creek ............................12 Table 3. Site-specific Water Quality Standards Applicable to Oak Creek and West Fork Oak Creek .........................................................................................13 Table 4. TMDL Summary for Headwaters to West Fork .....................................29 Table 5. TMDL Summary for West Fork to SRSP...............................................31 Table 6. TMDL Summary SRSP .........................................................................33 Table 7. TMDL Summary Slide Rock State Park to Dry Creek ...........................35 Table 8. TMDL Summary Dry Creek to Spring Creek.........................................36 Table 9. TMDL Summary Spring Creek ..............................................................37 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location Map of the Oak Creek Watershed...........................................5 Figure 2. Water Quality Sample Locations............................................................8 Figure 3. Sample Load Duration Curve (Cleland, 2003) .....................................19 Figure 4. Headwaters to West Fork Oak Creek LDC ..........................................28 Figure 5. West Fork Oak Creek to SRSP LDC ...................................................31 Figure 6. SRSP LDC...........................................................................................33 Figure 7. SRSP to Dry Creek LDC......................................................................34 Figure 8. Dry Creek to Spring Creek LDC...........................................................36 v Oak Creek E. coli TMDL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A.A.C. Arizona Administrative Code A.A.R. Arizona Administrative Register ADEQ Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ADOT Arizona Department of Transportation AFLP Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism APP Aquifer Protection Permit A.R.S. Arizona Revised Statutes ASP Arizona State Parks AZPDES Arizona Pollution Discharge Elimination System BMP Best Management Practices cfs cubic feet per second cfu colony forming units CGP Construction General Permit CWA Clean Water Act E. coli Escherichia coliform EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency F degrees Fahrenheit FDC Flow Duration Curve FOF Friends of the Forest FBC Full Body Contact HUC Hydrologic Unit Code LA Load Allocation LDC Load Duration Curve mi.2 square miles MOS Margin of Safety MGD Million Gallons per Day MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System MU ADEQ Monitoring Unit NAU Northern Arizona University NB Natural Background NMP National Monitoring Program NPS Non Point Source NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units OAW Outstanding Arizona Water vi Oak Creek E. coli TMDL OCWC Oak Creek Watershed Council PBC Partial Body Contact RRSP Red Rock State Park SSM Single Sample Maximum SRSP Slide Rock State Park SWMP Stormwater Management Plan TIP TMDL Implementation Plan TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load USFS United States Forest Service USGS United States Geological Survey WIP Watershed Improvement Plan WLA Wasteload Allocation WRCC Western Region Climate Center WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oak Creek and the red rocks of Sedona are popular tourist destinations in central Arizona.
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