DOCSLIB.ORG

Toxguide for Hexachlorobutadiene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toxguide for Hexachlorobutadiene . Toxicokinetics and Biomarkers/Environmental Sources of Exposure Biomonitoring Levels General Populations Toxicokinetics Biomarkers TM . There are no known natural sources of . There are no data regarding the . Hexachlorobutadiene can be measured in ToxGuide hexachlorobutadiene. The predominant toxicokinetics of hexachlorobutadiene in blood and adipose tissue. source of hexachlorobutadiene is its humans, but there are limited data from . Hexachlorobutadiene metabolites can be production as a waste byproduct of studies in animals. detected in urine. for chlorinated hydrocarbon synthesis. Based on health effects and excretion . The general population can be exposed data in animals, hexachlorobutadiene is Environmental Levels to low levels of hexachlorobutadiene absorbed following inhalation, oral, or Hexachloro- through ingestion of contaminated food dermal exposure. Air and water and inhalation. Absorbed hexachlorobutadiene is . There are no recent monitoring data for butadiene distributed throughout the body, with the levels of hexachlorobutadiene in air. Occupational Populations highest concentrations found in the . In the late 1970 and early 1980s, . kidney, liver, and fat. hexachlorobutadiene levels ranged from Occupational exposure is most likely to 2 to 11 ppt. occur for workers employed at . The predominant pathway for chlorinated hydrocarbon production hexachlorobutadiene metabolism is C4Cl6 plants or involved in manufacturing conjugation with glutathione in the liver Water and subsequent metabolism to form rubber compounds. There are no recent monitoring data for (CAS # 87-68-3) cysteine conjugates. The cysteine levels of hexachlorobutadiene in water. March 2021 conjugates can be further metabolized by . In the mid-1980s, concentrations of 1.6– β-lyase to form reactive intermediates. 2.7 ppt were detected in drinking water The major route of excretion of samples from two cities. hexachlorobutadiene is expiration of the U.S. Department of Health and parent compound or metabolite (carbon Sediment and Soil Human Services dioxide) through the lung, urinary Public Health Service excretion of metabolites and parent . There are no recent monitoring data for Agency for Toxic Substances compound, and fecal excretion of parent levels of hexachlorobutadiene in compound and metabolites. sediment or soil. and Disease Registry www.atsdr.cdc.gov NHANES Biomonitoring Reference . Hexachlorobutadiene has been detected Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease in human adipose and liver tissue. Registry (ATSDR). 2021. Toxicological However, information regarding levels in Profile for Hexachlorobutadiene. Atlanta, the general population is lacking. GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services. Chemical and Physical Information Routes of Exposure Relevance to Public Health (Health Effects) Hexachlorobutadiene is a . Inhalation – Most likely route of Health effects are determined Health Effects Manufactured Substance exposure route for the general and by the dose (how much), the . Studies in experimental animals suggest occupational population. duration (how long), and the that the kidney, respiratory tract, and Hexachlorobutadiene is a colorless liquid . developing organisms are sensitive targets with a turpentine-like odor. Oral – Most likely route of exposure for route of exposure. the general population through ingestion of hexachlorobutadiene toxicity. Hexachlorobutadiene is manufactured by of contaminated food stuffs and water. Kidneys are the most sensitive target to the chlorination of hexyl oxide. It is also . Dermal – Not likely an exposure route of hexachlorobutadiene. Renal toxicity, produced as a waste byproduct of concern for the general population. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) characterized as histological damage and manufacturing certain chlorinated Inhalation alterations in biomarkers of impaired hydrocarbons. renal function, has been observed . No acute-, intermediate-, or chronic- Hexachlorobutadiene in the following inhalation, oral, and dermal duration inhalation MRLs were derived . Hexachlorobutadiene’s principal use is as exposures of hexachlorobutadiene in Environment for hexachlorobutadiene. a chemical intermediate in the experimental animals. manufacture of rubber compounds. Hexachlorobutadiene may be released . Respiratory effects, characterized as nasal into the environment from industrial Oral . To a lesser extent, hexachlorobutadiene is facilities or by disposal of waste in landfill irritation, decreases in respiratory rate, used as a solvent, a fluid for gyroscopes, operations. An acute-duration (≤14 days) oral MRL and breathing difficulties, have been a heat transfer liquid, a hydraulic fluid, of 0.006 mg/kg/day was derived for observed in rats and mice exposed to . Hexachlorobutadiene adsorbs to soil with and a chemical intermediate in hexachlorobutadiene. hexachlorobutadiene vapor. high organic carbon content. production of chlorofluorocarbons and Volatilization from surface soils is . An intermediate-duration (15–364 days) . Inhalation and oral exposure of lubricants. relatively low. oral MRL of 0.002 mg/kg/day was hexachlorobutadiene in rats resulted in derived for hexachlorobutadiene. decreased fetal or pup body weights and . Hexachlorobutadiene has preferential decreased maternal body weight gain. partitioning to sediment and biota over . A chronic-duration (≥365 days) oral water. Surveys report higher levels of MRL was not derived for . The U.S. Environmental Protective hexachlorobutadiene in sediments than in hexachlorobutadiene. Agency (EPA) classified the waters that contain them. hexachlorobutadiene as a possible human carcinogen (Group C). The . Hexachlorobutadiene can exist in the International Agency for Research on atmosphere as a vapor or adsorbed to Cancer (IARC) categorized airborne particulate matter. Volatilization hexachlorobutadiene as not classifiable occurs from surface water, yet is reduced as to its carcinogenicity in humans by adsorption to organic material in the (Group 3). water. In air, it will likely react with reactive oxygen species and have a half-life Children’s Health ranging from 60 days to 1.6 years. The . It is not known if children are more estimated half-life in surface water is sensitive to hexachlorobutadiene estimated to be between 3 and 300 days. exposure than adults. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT Hexachlorobutadiene CAS#: 87-68-3
    PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT Hexachlorobutadiene CAS#: 87-68-3 Division of Toxicology May 1994 This Public Health Statement is the summary be exposed to a substance only when you come in chapter from the Toxicological Profile for contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, Hexachlorobutadiene. It is one in a series of Public eating, or drinking substances containing the Health Statements about hazardous substances and substance or by skin contact with it. their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQsTM is also available. This information is If you are exposed to a substance such as important because this substance may harm you. hexachlorobutadiene, many factors will determine The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance whether harmful health effects will occur and what depend on the dose, the duration, how you are the type and severity of those health effects will be. exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether These factors include the dose (how much), the other chemicals are present. For more information, duration (how long), the route or pathway by which call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422- you are exposed (breathing, eating, drinking, or skin 8737. contact), the other chemicals to which you are _____________________________________ exposed, and your individual characteristics such as age, gender, nutritional status, family traits, life- This Statement was prepared to give you style, and state of health. information about hexachlorobutadiene and to emphasize the human health effects that may result 1.1 WHAT IS HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE? from exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,350 hazardous waste Hexachlorobutadiene, also known as HCBD, sites as the most serious in the nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene in Drinking-Water
    WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/101 English only Hexachlorobutadiene in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality © World Health Organization 2004 Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale of for non- commercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications (Fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damage incurred as a results of its use. Preface One of the primary goals of WHO and its member states is that “all people, whatever their stage of development and their social and economic conditions, have the right to have access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water.” A major WHO function to achieve such goals is the responsibility “to propose ... regulations, and to make recommendations with respect to international health matters ....” The first WHO document dealing specifically with public drinking-water quality was published in 1958 as International Standards for Drinking-water.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED NATIONS Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
    UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Distr.: General 25 July 2016 English only Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Twelfth meeting Rome, 1923 September 2016 Item 4 (c) (ii) of the provisional agenda* Technical work: consideration of recommendations to the Conference of the Parties: unintentional releases of hexachlorobutadiene Draft evaluation of new information in relation to listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention Note by the Secretariat As referred to in the note by the Secretariat on new information in relation to the listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/6), the annex to the present note sets out the draft evaluation of new information in relation to listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C to the Stockholm Convention. The present note, including its annex, has not been formally edited. * UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/1. 250716 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Annex Draft evaluation of new information in relation to the listing of hexachlorobutadiene in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention June 2016 2 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.12/INF/12 Table of Contents Executive summary .................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene
    Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene Health Effects Support Document for Hexachlorobutadiene U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4304T) Health and Ecological Criteria Division Washington, DC 20460 www.epa.gov/safewater/ EPA 822-R-03-002 February 2003 Printed on Recycled Paper FOREWORD The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a list of contaminants to aid the agency in regulatory priority setting for the drinking water program. In addition, SDWA requires EPA to make regulatory determinations for no fewer than five contaminants by August 2001. The criteria used to determine whether or not to regulate a chemical on the CCL are the following: The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons. The contaminant is known to occur or there is a substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern. In the sole judgment of the administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. The Agency’s findings for the three criteria are used in making a determination to regulate a contaminant. The Agency may determine that there is no need for regulation when a contaminant fails to meet one of the criteria. This document provides the health effects basis for the regulatory determination for hexachlorobutadiene. In arriving at the regulatory determination, data on toxicokinetics, human exposure, acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans, epidemiology, and mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure and Use Assessment for Five PBT Chemicals
    EPA Document # EPA-740-R1-8002 June 2018 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Exposure and Use Assessment of Five Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals Peer Review Draft June 2018 Contents TABLES ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 15 2. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 15 3. APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................. 17 4. DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER (DECABDE) .................................................................................................. 21 4.1. Chemistry and Physical-Chemical Properties ................................................................................ 21 4.2. Uses ................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.3. Characterization of Expected Environmental Partitioning
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene
    UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/3 Distr.: General 11 July 2012 Original: English Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Eighth meeting Geneva, 15–19 October 2012 Item 4 (b) of the provisional agenda* Consideration of draft risk profiles: hexachlorobutadiene Draft risk profile: hexachlorobutadiene Note by the Secretariat 1. At its seventh meeting, the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee adopted decision POPRC-7/3 on hexachlorobutadiene.1 By paragraph 2 of that decision, the Committee decided to establish an ad hoc working group to review further the proposal to list hexachlorobutadiene in Annexes A, B, and/or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants2 and to develop a draft risk profile in accordance with Annex E to the Convention. 2. A workplan for the preparation of draft risk profiles was adopted by the Committee at the same meeting.3 3. In accordance with decision POPRC-7/3 and the workplan, the ad hoc working group prepared the draft risk profile set out in the annex to the present note; it has not been formally edited by the Secretariat. Comments and responses relating to the draft risk profile are set out in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/5. Possible action by the Committee 4. The Committee may wish: (a) To adopt, with any amendments that it deems appropriate, the draft risk profile set out in the annex to the present note; (b) To decide, in accordance with paragraph 7 of Article 8 of the Convention and on the basis of the risk profile,
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene – Sources, Environmental Fate and Risk Characterisation
    SCIENCE DOSSIER Hexachlorobutadiene – Sources, environmental fate and risk characterisation Professor André Lecloux October 2004 October 2004 This publication is the fifth in a series of Science Dossiers providing the scientific community with reliable information on selected issues. If you require more copies, please send an email indicating name and mailing address to [email protected]. The document is also available as a PDF file on www.eurochlor.org Science Dossiers published in this series: 1. Trichloroacetic acid in the environment (March 2002) 2. Chloroform in the environment: Occurrence, sources, sinks and effects (May 2002) 3. Dioxins and furans in the environment (January 2003) 4. How chlorine in molecules affects biological activity (November 2003) 5. Hexachlorobutadiene – sources, environmental fate and risk characterisation (October 2004) Copyright & Reproduction The copyright in this publication belongs to Euro Chlor. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or otherwise, without the permission of Euro Chlor. Notwithstanding these limitations, an extract may be freely quoted by authors in other publications subject to the source being acknowledged with inclusion of a suitable credit line or reference to the original publication. Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Remedial Action Guidelines (Rags) for Contaminated Sites
    Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites (RAGs) Effective Date: May 1, 2021 Approved by: ___________________________ Date: April 27, 2021 David Burns, Director Bureau of Remediation & Waste Management Executive Summary MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 17 State House Station | Augusta, Maine 04333-0017 www.maine.gov/dep Maine Department of Environmental Protection Remedial Action Guidelines for Contaminated Sites Contents 1 Disclaimer ...................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction and Purpose ............................................................................................... 1 2.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Consistency with Superfund Risk Assessment .............................................................................. 1 2.3 When to Use RAGs and When to Develop a Site-Specific Risk Assessment ................................. 1 3 Applicability ................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Applicable Programs & DEP Approval Process ............................................................................. 2 3.1.1 Uncontrolled Hazardous Substance Sites ............................................................................. 2 3.1.2 Voluntary Response Action Program
    [Show full text]
  • Screening Programme 2017 AMAP Assessment Compounds
    ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING M-1080|2018 Screening Programme 2017 AMAP Assessment compounds COLOPHON Executive institution ISBN-no. / ISSN-no. ISBN: 978-82-425-2940-4 NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research ISSN: 2464-3327 Project manager for the contractor Contact person in the Norwegian Environment Agency Martin Schlabach Bård Nordbø M-no Year Pages Contract number 1080|2018 2018 90 17078037 Publisher The project is funded by NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research NILU report 21/2018 Norwegian Environment Agency NILU Project no. O-117085 Author(s) Martin Schlabach (NILU), Bert van Bavel (NIVA), Jose Antonio Baz Lomba (NIVA), Anders Borgen (NILU), Geir Wing Gabrielsen (NPI), Arntraut Götsch (NILU), Anne-Karine Halse (NILU), Linda Hanssen (NILU), Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth (NILU), Vladimir Nikiforov (NILU), Torgeir Nygård (NINA), Pernilla Bohlin Nizzetto (NILU), Malcolm Reid (NIVA), Pawel Rostkowski (NILU), Saer Samanipour (NIVA) Title – Norwegian and English Screening Program 2017 – AMAP Assessment Stoffer Screening Programme 2017 – AMAP Assessment Compounds Summary – sammendrag This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic. Denne rapporten oppsummerer resultatene av en screeningundersøkelse om forekomst av stoffer utvalgt av AMAP samt en rekke
    [Show full text]
  • Hexachlorobutadiene
    Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobutadiene March 2002 Hexachlorobutadiene 03/2002 EURO CHLOR RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE (HCBD) OSPARCOM Region – North Sea EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Euro Chlor has voluntarily agreed to carry out risk assessments of 25 chemicals related to the chlorine industry. The risk assessments were targeted on the marine environment, specifically for the North Sea. The assessments are carried out according to the methodology laid down in the EU Risk Assessment Regulation (1488/94) and the Guidance Documents of the EU Existing Substances Regulation (793/93). The exercise consists of the collection and evaluation of data on effects on aquatic organisms and environmental fate. Basically, the adverse effect data are derived from laboratory toxicity tests and the exposure data from monitoring programs. Finally, the risk is indicated by comparing the "predicted environmental concentrations" (PEC) as indices of exposure with the "predicted no effect concentrations” (PNEC) as indices of effect. This PEC/PNEC ratio is considered as the risk quotient (RQ) for the marine environment. If RQ < 1 it is presumed that the likelihood of an adverse effect is very low. An RQ > 1 is a cause for concern, necessitating a further refinement of the risk assessment and eventually for reducing the risks. In the case of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) which has a low water solubility (i.e. about 3.2 mg/l) and a relatively high log octanol/water partition coefficient (i.e. about 4.9) it was necessary, in addition to the aquatic phase, to consider the risks associated with the potential of HCBD to bioconcentrate in marine organisms, to partition to sediments and to produce toxicity in sediment dwelling organisms, and to produce toxicity in predators up the food chain, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Information for Exposure Use Assessment Pbts
    EPA Document # EPA-740-R1-8003 June 2018 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Supplemental Information for the Exposure and Use Assessment of Five Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Chemicals Peer Review Draft June 2018 Contents Appendix A. Supplemental Document for Decabromodiphenyl ethers (DecaBDE) ...................................................... 7 A.1 Literature Search Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 7 A.1.1. Database (Peer-reviewed) Search Strategies ...................................................................................... 8 A.1.2. Gray Literature Search Strategies ........................................................................................................ 9 A.1.3. Supplemental Search Strategy .......................................................................................................... 15 Backward Search ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Google Scholar Search ................................................................................................................................... 15 A.1.4. Literature Search Results ................................................................................................................... 15 A.2 Literature Screening Strategy ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of New Initiatives That May Affect Waste Management Programs
    Futures Analysis of Chemicals affecting Waste Management Programs Summary of New Initiatives that may affect waste management programs Prepared for U.S. EPA Technology Innovation Office under a National Network of Environmental Management Studies Fellowship by Tiffany Portoghese Compiled May - August 2003 NOTICE This document was prepared by a National Network of Environmental Management Studies grantee under a fellowship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report was not subject to EPA peer review or technical review. The U.S. EPA makes no warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranty for completeness, accuracy, or usefulness of the information, warranties as to the merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. Moreover, the listing of any technology, corporation, company, person, or facility in this report does not constitute endorsement, approval, or recommendation by the U.S. EPA. i FOREWORD Environmental concern and interest is growing for future analysis of potential environmental problems. EPA’s Technology Innovation Office (TIO) provided a grant through the National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) to prepare a technology assessment report on a futures analysis of chemicals within the offices of the EPA and their potential effect on waste management programs. This report was prepared by a third year law student and a second year graduate student from Syracuse University in New York during the summer of 2003. It has been reproduced to help provide federal agencies, states, consulting engineering firms, private industries, and technology developers with information. About the National Network for Environmental Management Studies (NNEMS) NNEMS is a comprehensive fellowship program managed by the Environmental Education Division of EPA.
    [Show full text]