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NUEVA SOCIEDAD 261 N Ricardo Martínez Mazzola Eli Friedman David S.G 261 AD D SOCIE A V E U www.nuso.org N Enero-Febrero 2016 NUEVA SOCIEDAD 261 COYUNTURA Izquierdas, utopías, realidades Gabriel Vommaro El proyecto de «país normal» de la nueva centroderecha en Argentina Nelly Arenas El chavismo sin Chávez: la deriva de un populismo sin carisma COYUNTURA TRIBUNA GLOBAL Gabriel Vommaro Nelly Arenas Marc Saxer La construcción de la «buena sociedad» TEMA CENTRAL TRIBUNA GLOBAL Razmig Keucheyan Las mutaciones de la teoría crítica. Un mapa del pensamiento radical hoy Marc Saxer Khatchik DerGhougassian La izquierda después de la Guerra Fría: Eurasia, Europa y América Latina TEMA CENTRAL Ernst Hillebrand La crisis de la socialdemocracia europea Daniele Benzi El exitoso ocaso del alba. Réquiem para el último vals tercermundista Razmig Keucheyan Khatchik DerGhougassian Baptiste Dericquebourg Los dilemas de Syriza. ¿Historia de una decepción? utopías, realidades Izquierdas, John Patrick Leary El fenómeno Sanders y el socialismo en Estados Unidos Ernst Hillebrand Laura Fernández Cordero Izquierdas y feminismos, hitos contemporáneos Daniele Benzi Gonzalo D. Martner El progresismo en un rumbo incierto: el caso de Chile Baptiste Dericquebourg Steffen Vogel La nueva izquierda europea: entre el resurgimiento y el populismo John Patrick Leary David S.G. Goodman Partido, capitalistas y clases en la China actual. Entrevista de Émilie Frenkiel Laura Fernández Cordero Eli Friedman ¿Una nueva izquierda en China? Gonzalo D. Martner Ricardo Martínez Mazzola Dilemas y desafíos del socialismo democrático argentino Steffen Vogel David S.G. Goodman / Émilie Frenkiel Eli Friedman Ricardo Martínez Mazzola NUEVA SOCIEDAD es una revista latinoamericana abierta a las corrientes de pensamiento progresista, que aboga por el desarrollo de SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2015 259 260 NOVIEMBRE-DICIEMBRE 2015 la democracia política, económica y social. Se publica cada dos meses en Buenos Aires, Argentina, y circula en toda América Latina. EL DESEMBARCO CHINO RELIGIONES Y POLÍTICA EN TIEMPOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA DE CAMBIO Directora: Claudia Detsch COYUNTURA COYUNTURA Jefe de redacción: Pablo Stefanoni Jean Tible / Alana Moraes. ¿Fin de fiesta Socorro Ramírez. La presidencia de Santos: Equipo editorial: Silvina Cucchi, Florencia Grieco en Brasil? avances e incertidumbres en Colombia Administración: María Eugenia Corriés, Vanesa Knoop, Karin Ohmann Daniel Agramont Lechín. Bolivia mira José Manuel Quijano. La salida hacia el sur. El ingreso al Mercosur de Uruguay del TISA. O la lucha por y la política exterior de Evo Morales otra globalización NUEVA SOCIEDAD No 261 Diseño original de portada: Horacio Wainhaus TRIBUNA GLOBAL TRIBUNA GLOBAL Arte y diagramación (portada e interior): Fabiana Di Matteo Iris Deroeux. Ta-Nehisi Coates: un grito Thomas Gebauer. Esperanza y muerte. Ilustraciones: El Sr. García de rabia afroamericano Éxodo y murallas en tiempos Fotografía de portada: Shutterstock de crisis global Corrección: Germán Conde, Vera Giaconi TEMA CENTRAL Traducción al inglés de los sumarios: Kristie Robinson Enrique Dussel Peters. La «omnipresencia» TEMA CENTRAL del sector público de China y su relación con Enzo Pace. No todos los caminos conducen Impreso en Talleres Gráficos Nuevo Offset, América Latina y el Caribe a Roma. El papa Francisco y la posible Viel 1444, Buenos Aires, Argentina Yang Zhimin. Los actores del desembarco reforma de la Iglesia católica chino en América Latina Marcos Andrés Carbonelli / Verónica Adrian H. Hearn. ¿Confucio versus Zeus? Giménez Béliveau. Militantes de China, Brasil y la producción alimentaria Francisco. Religión y política en tiempos Los artículos que integran NUEVA SOCIEDAD son de exclusiva responsabilidad de sus autores y no reflejan necesariamente Luciano Damián Bolinaga. Política china del papa argentino el pensamiento de la Revista. Se permite, previa autorización, en el Río de la Plata. ¿Asociación estratégica Andrés Pérez-Baltodano. Providencialismo o nueva dependencia? la reproducción de los ensayos y de las ilustraciones, a condición y discurso político en Nicaragua Dong Jingsheng. China y el Caribe: Pablo Semán / Nicolás Viotti. «El paraíso de que se mencione la fuente y se haga llegar una copia a la redacción. acercamientos, desconfianzas y desafíos. está dentro de nosotros». La espiritualidad Bettina Gransow. Inversiones chinas de la Nueva Era, ayer y hoy en infraestructura: ¿una situación en la que Airton Luiz Jungblut. Ser evangélico en – ISSN 0251-3552 NUEVA SOCIEDAD todos ganan? América Latina. Elementos para un análisis o Oficinas: Defensa 1111, 1 A, C1065AAU Buenos Aires, Argentina. Julie Michelle Klinger. Minerales estratégicos: Hugo José Suárez. La política desde la fe. Tel/Fax: (54-11) 4361-4108/4871 cambio de escala de las relaciones entre La Teología de la Liberación desde un barrio Correo electrónico: <[email protected]> China y Brasil mexicano <[email protected]> (distribución y ventas) Eduardo Daniel Oviedo. Argentina y China: Lamia Oualalou. El poder evangélico los actores del comercio sojero y el flujo en Brasil migratorio Ariel C. Armony / Nicolás Velásquez. ENSAYO Percepciones antichinas en las comunidades Tomás Straka. La larga tristeza virtuales latinoamericanas (y esperanza) venezolana ENSAYO SUMMARIES Álvaro García Linera. El Estado y la vía democrática al socialismo <www.nuso.org> El portal NUEVA SOCIEDAD es una plataforma de reflexión sobre América Latina. SUMMARIES Articula un debate pluralista y democrático sobre política y políticas latinoamericanas. EN NUESTRO PRÓXIMO NÚMERO es un proyecto de la Tierras y alimentos: MARZO-ABRIL 2016 262 ¿cómo enfrentar la crisis? 2Enero-Febrero61 2016 www.nuso.org ■ ÍNDICE COYUNTURA 4172 Gabriel Vommaro. «Unir a los argentinos». El proyecto de «país normal» 4 de la nueva centroderecha en Argentina 4173 Nelly Arenas. El chavismo sin Chávez: la deriva 13 de un populismo sin carisma TRIBUNA GLOBAL 4174 Marc Saxer. La construcción de la «buena sociedad». 23 Un desarrollo con compromiso socialdemócrata TEMA CENTRAL 4175 Razmig Keucheyan. Las mutaciones de la teoría crítica. 36 Un mapa del pensamiento radical hoy 4176 Khatchik DerGhougassian. La izquierda después de la Guerra Fría. 54 Eurasia, Europa y América Latina 4177 Ernst Hillebrand. La crisis de la socialdemocracia europea 67 4178 Daniele Benzi. El exitoso ocaso del ALBA. Réquiem para el 77 último vals tercermundista 4179 Baptiste Dericquebourg. Los dilemas de Syriza. ¿Historia de una decepción? 92 4180 John Patrick Leary. El fenómeno Sanders y el socialismo en Estados Unidos 104 4181 Laura Fernández Cordero. Izquierdas y feminismos, hitos contemporáneos 116 4182 Gonzalo D. Martner. El progresismo en un rumbo incierto: el caso de Chile 128 4183 Steffen Vogel. La tentación autoritaria. La nueva izquierda europea: 139 entre el resurgimiento y el populismo 4184 David S.G. Goodman. Partido, capitalistas y clases sociales 150 en la China actual. Una entrevista de Émilie Frenkiel 4185 Eli Friedman. ¿Una nueva izquierda en China? 161 4186 Ricardo Martínez Mazzola. «Ni populistas, ni conservadores». 168 Dilemas y desafíos del socialismo democrático argentino SUMMARIES n Segunda página «Modernidad líquida», «fin de los grandes relatos», «sociedad del espectáculo», de- rrota ideológica, declive del Estado-nación, auge del consumismo, triunfo del indivi- duo y crisis del ciudadano… el mundo actual parece haberse transformado desde hace tiempo en un lugar incómodo para las izquierdas. Aunque se ha escrito mucho sobre la crisis «del sistema», esta tiene como correlato una inédita dificultad para imaginar otros mundos posibles. El filósofo Fredric Jameson lo resumió con una frase contundente: hoy «es más fácil imaginar el fin del mundo que el fin del capi- talismo». Las reconfiguraciones políticas de los últimos años ameritan un examen y una reflexión sobre el pensamiento crítico y las experiencias de cambio actuales, en un registro que preste atención a las experiencias políticas y gubernamentales así como a la producción teórica, dos esferas cada vez más distanciadas. El mapeo de Razmig Keucheyan permite visualizar algunos elementos para abordar el estado actual de las denominadas «teorías críticas», entre cuyos rasgos más o menos novedosos están la «norteamericanización», la profesionalización de sus impulsores, el giro hacia la abstracción y el fin de la hegemonía marxista. Todo ello tiene como sustrato los esfuerzos por revertir la «Derrota», para lo cual se ensayaron nuevos sin- cretismos ideológicos, se apeló a la teología o se buscó dar más envergadura a las «batallas secundarias» de la izquierda clásica, como las luchas feministas, ecologistas o en defensa de la diversidad sexual. Estas articulaciones de acción y de sentidos, como recuerda Laura Fernández Cordero, no fueron ni son sencillas (ni en la teoría ni en la práctica). Por otro lado, la creciente desconexión entre los productores de teoría crítica y los espacios de acción política propiamente dichos plantea nuevos problemas y dibuja límites. Los casos analizados confirman las dificultades. Khatchik Der Ghougassian muestra los obstáculos que, tras la Guerra Fría, enfrenta la socialdemocracia en Europa, pero también la profunda debilidad de la izquierda democrática en el espacio de la ex- Unión Soviética y las luces y sombras del «giro a la izquierda» latinoamericano, hoy desafiado por nuevas derechas y centroderechas que han comenzado a levantar las bandera del cambio, hasta ahora casi monopolio de las fuerzas progresistas. En ese marco, el artículo de Daniele Benzi exhibe la crisis de uno de los proyectos más emblemáticos de los
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