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Natural history notes on the highly threatened Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota (Aves: )

Carlos Otávio Araujo Gussoni & Marco Aurélio Galvão da Silva

26 June 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 7 | Pages: 18936–18938 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5919.13.7.18936-18938

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18936–18938 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5919.13.7.18936-18938

#5919 | Received 27 March 2020 | Final received 11 May 2021 | Finally accepted 04 June 2021 NOTE

Natural history notes on the highly threatened Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota (Aves: Cracidae)

Carlos Otávio Araujo Gussoni 1 & Marco Aurélio Galvão da Silva 2

1 Rua 12B, 621, Vila Indaiá, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-746, Brazil. 2 SAVE Brasil, R. Fernão Dias, 219 - casa 2 - Pinheiros, São Paulo - SP, 05427-000, Brazil. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected]

The genus Ortalis (Cracidae) is endemic of the being the sole informaton available present in Silveira et Americas and composed of 15 species (Billerman et al. al. (2017). Therefore, most of the natural history aspects 2020), generally found in pairs or small groups (Sigrist of the species remain virtually unknown. The species is 2006). They present a varied diet including fruits, leaves, locally known as ‘guarda-faca’ (an onomatopoeic name seeds, fowers, and arthropods (Billerman et al. 2020). which is a reference to the vocal duet of the species, Pinto’s Chachalaca (Ortalis remota Pinto, 1960; Aves: according to locals from Guapiaçu: ‘Guarda a faca vovô; tá : Cracidae) (Image 1) is one of the world’s na cara que eu vou’), ‘jacuzinho’, ‘jacu-cigana’, ‘jacutnga’, rarest cracids, nowadays restricted to fewer than 20 and ‘jacupemba’. municipalites in eastern Brazil. It is threatened with Field campaigns to study the species were carried extncton, listed natonally as “Critcally Endangered” out from January to December 2018 (six to ten days (Insttuto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade each month, distributed in January, March, April, 2018), mainly due to poaching and habitat loss (Rego September, October, and December), during 43 days 2009). It was described by Olivério Pinto as a subspecies in 11 municipalites in the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil of Ortalis gutata (Pinto 1960) based on a single specimen (Image 2). Searches for the species were conducted in collected in Mato Grosso do Sul state and treated as a 28 municipalites using playbacks at previously defned junior synonym of Ortalis gutata squamata by Vaurie points distributed in the visited forest fragments with (1965). However, recent reference works have considered potental occurrence of the species (riparian forests) it a valid taxon, either as a subspecies (e.g., Clements et every 200m. At each point, the species’ calls were played al. 2019, Remsen et al. 2021) or full species (Silveira et al. for 5 min, and then 5 min of listening (adapted from 2017). Knowledge about the species’ biology is limited, Marion 1974; Marion et al. 1981; Schmitz-Ornés 1999).

Editor: Reuven Yosef, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel. Date of publicaton: 26 June 2021 (online & print)

Citaton: Gussoni, C.O.A. & M.A.G. da Silva (2021). Natural history notes on the highly threatened Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota (Aves: Cracidae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(7): 18936–18938. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5919.13.7.18936-18938

Copyright: © Gussoni & da Silva 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Fundação Grupo Botcário de Proteção à Natureza (1108_20172)

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the following people for helping us in diferent ways during our feld work: Ana Carolina de Carvalho, André Natale, Charleston Peters, Ciro Albano, Cláudia Brasileiro, Cristne Prates, Dina Bessa, Elmir Rosa, Fábio Olmos, Guto Carvalho, José Ferreira Filho, Lucas Polezi, Luiz Rocha, Lys Pereira, Mr. Nelson (Conselho Municipal de Turismo de Orindiúva), Rafael Cassani, Rodrigo Agostnho and Rogério Machado. To Rodrigo Agostnho for identfying the cecropias. To Alice Reisfeld for translatng the manuscript. To Paula Ribeiro Anunciação for elaboratng the map and reviewing the manuscript. To the landowners in areas where O. remota occurs and their staf, for allowing access into the study areas: Mr. André (staf - Fazenda Estrela D’Alva, Icém), Cláudio Batsta, Mr. Fernando (São José do Rio Preto), João Carlos Jacomino, José Luiz Polezi, Mr. Mário (São José do Rio Preto), Mr. Martnelli, Paulo Roberto de Lima, Mr. Silas (Fazenda Ponte Alta), Mr. Carlos, Mr. Leonardo and Mr. Marcos (Síto São Luiz, São José do Rio Preto), Mr. Horácio, Ms. Zélia and Mr. Antônio (Córrego da Onça, São José do Rio Preto). To the entre SAVE Brasil team for the support during this project. To Fundação Grupo Botcário de Proteção à Natureza for funding this project (1108_20172). To Vítor Piacentni for helping with the species’ English name. To Thiago Vernaschi V. da Costa for reviewing parts of the manuscript.

18936 Natural history notes on Pinto’s Chachalaca Gussoni & da Silva J TT For each individual seen, informaton regarding group size, food items, foraging behavior, and breeding biology were noted. Perches were classifed by type (lianas, dry or green branches), inclinaton (vertcal – 81° to 99°; horizontal – up to 10° inclinaton) and height in relaton to the ground, also recording the porton of the branch in which the was perched (proximal, median or distal in relaton to the trunk). Group size. Individuals were found mostly in pairs (average individuals per group= 2.03 ± 0.67; min= 1; max= 5; n= 54). Food items. On 14 March 2018, an individual was recorded feeding on the infructescence of Cecropia pachystachya Trec. (Urtcaceae) in Nova Granada (SP). In 48 seconds of observaton, 12 pecks were recorded in at least four infructescences. On 15 December 2018, an individual was seen feeding on Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) fruits on the edge of the forest in Guaíra (SP). In additon, in 15 November 2017, individuals were © Carlos Otávio Gussoni observed feeding on the infructescence of Cecropia Image 1. Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota. pachystachya in Guapiaçu (SP).

Image 2. Occurrence spots for Ortalis remota sampled in this study. Map elaborated by Paula Ribeiro Anunciação

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18936–18938 18937 J TT Natural history notes on Pinto’s Chachalaca Gussoni & da Silva Perches. 109 perching locatons used by O. remota birdsofheworld.org/bow/home. Electronic version accessed 23 individuals were noted. Of this total, 96 (88.07%) were March 2020. Clements, J.F., T.S. Schulenberg, M.J. Ilif, S.M. Billerman, T.A. branches (88 inclined and 8 horizontal) and 13 (11.93%) Fredericks, B.L. Sullivan & C.L. Wood (2019). The eBird/Clements were liana aggregatons. The average inclinaton of the Checklist of of the World: v2019. htps://birds.cornell.edu/ o o clementschecklist/download. Electronic version accessed 09 May branches used as perches was 48.43 ± 20.19 (min= 10 ; 2021. max= 80o) (n= 67). The majority of perches used (67.4%) Del Hoyo, J. & G.M. Kirwan (2020a). Gray-headed Chachalaca (Ortalis were green branches, with 32.55% of the records in dry cinereiceps). In: Del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christe & E. De Juana (eds.). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca. branches and one encounter on the ground (n= 86). The htps://birdsofheworld.org/bow/species/grhcha1/cur/introducton. average height of the perches was 5.58 ± 2.6 m (min= 1 m; Accessed 23 March 2020. htps://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grhcha1.01 max= 12.5 m) (n= 109). In half of the observatons (52%), Del Hoyo, J. & G.M. Kirwan (2020b). Rufous-headed Chachalaca (Ortalis erythroptera). In: Del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christe & the species was seen using the median porton of the E. De Juana (eds.). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, perches, while the proximal porton was used 33 tmes Ithaca. htps://birdsofheworld.org/bow/species/ruhcha1/cur/ (44%) and the distal porton three tmes (n= 75). introducton. Accessed 23 March 2020. htps://doi.org/10.2173/ bow.ruhcha1.01 Reproductve biology. On 25 and 30 January 2018, Del Hoyo, J. & G.M. Kirwan (2020c). Rufous-vented Chachalaca (Ortalis four young individuals were found in two points (two in rufcauda). In: Del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christe & E. De each) in the municipality of Guapiaçu (SP). In additon, Juana (eds.). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca. htps://birdsofheworld.org/bow/species/ruvcha1/cur/introducton. Ciro Albano and Cristne Prates (pers. comm.) found a Accessed 23 March 2020. htps://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ruvcha1.01 subadult following two adults on 16 May 2018, in Nova Del Hoyo, J. & G.M. Kirwan (2020d). Variable Chachalaca (Ortalis motmot). In: Del Hoyo, J., A. Elliot, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christe & E. De Granada (SP). Juana (eds.). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca. The fact that the species is found preferably in pairs, htps://birdsofheworld.org/bow/species/varcha1/cur/introducton. but also in small groups, agrees with what is described Accessed 23 March 2020. htps://doi.org/10.2173/bow.varcha1.01 Kirwan, G. M., J. del Hoyo, N. Collar & D. A. Christe (2020). Speckled for most species of the genus Ortalis (Sigrist 2006). In Chachalaca (Ortalis gutata). In: Billerman, S. M., B. K. Keeney, P. G. additon, the two food items registered for the species are Rodewald & T. S. Schulenberg (eds.). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab also part of the diet of other Ortalis. Five species of the of Ornithology, Ithaca. htps://birdsofheworld.org/bow/species/ specha3/cur/introducton. Accessed 23 March 2020. htps://doi. genus have already been recorded feeding on Cecropia org/10.2173/bow.specha3.01 infructescence (Del Hoyo & Kirwan 2020a,b,c,d; Kirwan et Insttuto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (2018). al. 2020) and O. cinereiceps have already been observed Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extnção. ICMBio/ MMA, Brasília, 492pp. feeding on Psidium guajava fruits (Del Hoyo & Kirwan Marion, W.R. (1974). Status of the in South . The 2020a). Wilson Bulletn 86: 200–205. Informaton on reproductve biology of Ortalis is scarce Marion, W.R., T. O’Meara & D.S. Maehr (1981). Use of playback recordings in sampling elusive or secretve birds. Studies in Avian and highly scatered in literature and the data presented Biology 6: 81–85. here are the frst for O. remota. In Brazil, the breeding Pinto, O.M.O. (1960). Algumas adendas a avifauna brasileira. Papéis season varies signifcantly among species in the genus; Avulsos de Zoologia 14: 11–15. Rego, M.A. (2009). Ortalis gutata (Spix, 1825), Galliformes, Cracidae. however, most of the species of Ortalis have also been In: Bressan, P.M., M.C.M. Kierulf & A.M. Sugieda (orgs.) Fauna recorded breeding during the period that comprises the ameaçada de extnção no estado de São Paulo: Vertebrados. Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, Secretaria do Meio last and frst months of the year (Billerman et al. 2020). Ambiente, São Paulo, 645pp. The data presented here about the perches utlized Remsen, J.V., Jr., J.I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, by the species are the frst for the genus. This kind of D.F. Lane, J.F. Pacheco, M.B. Robbins, F.G. Stles & K.J. Zimmer (2021). A classifcaton of the bird species of South America. American informaton, along with the data about diet, group size Ornithological Society. htp://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/ and breeding biology, is uterly important for the design SACCBaseline.htm. Accessed 23 March 2021. of ex situ conservaton initatves and breeding the species Schmitz-Ornés, A. (1999). Vulnerability of Rufous-vented Chachalacas (Ortalis rufcauda, Cracidae) to man-induced habitat alteratons in in captvity, which is one of the conservaton strategies northern Venezuela. Ornitologia Neotropical 10: 27–34. suggested by Silveira et al. (2017) for O. remota. Sigrist, T. (2006). Aves do Brasil: Uma Visão Artstca. Editora Avis Despite the new informaton obtained in our study, Brasilis, São Paulo, 672pp. Silveira, L.F., B.M. Tomotani, C. Cestari, F.C. Straube & V.Q. Piacentni many aspects of species’ natural history remain poorly (2017). Ortalis remota: a forgoten and critcally endangered species known and we encourage future work focusing on the of chachalaca (Galliformes: Cracidae) from Eastern Brazil. Zootaxa biology of this highly threatened species. 4306: 524–536. Vaurie, C. (1965). Systematc Notes on the Bird Family Cracidae: Ortalis gutata, Ortalis superciliaris, and Ortalis motmot. American Museum Reference Novitates 2232: 1–36.

Billerman, S.M., B.K. Keeney, P.G. Rodewald & T.S. Schulenberg (2020). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, USA. htps:// Threatened Taxa

18938 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18936–18938

The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by OPEN ACCESS publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

June 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 7 | Pages: 18679–18958 Date of Publicaton: 26 June 2021 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2021.13.7.18679-18958

Communicatons Short Communicatons

Persistence of Trachypithecus geei (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in a rubber plantaton First photographic evidence and distributon of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata in Assam, India (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India – Joydeep Shil, Jihosuo Biswas, Sudipta Nag & Honnavalli N. Kumara, Pp. 18679–18686 – Hemant Singh, Gobind Sagar Bhardwaj, N. Gokulakannan, Saket Agast & K. Aditya, Pp. 18888– 18893 Populaton assessment of the endangered Western Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock hoolock Harlan, 1834 at Sheikh Jamal Inani Natonal Park, Bangladesh, and conservaton signifcance of this site for Populaton and conservaton threats to the Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus (Aves: threatened wildlife species Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) at Basai Wetland and Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary, – M. Tarik Kabir, M. Farid Ahsan, Susan M. Cheyne, Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah, Susan Lappan, Haryana, India Thad Q. Bartlet & Nadine Ruppert, Pp. 18687–18694 – Amit Kumar & Sarita Rana, Pp. 18894–18898

Assessment of changes over a decade in the paterns of livestock depredaton by the Himalayan First report on the occurrence of Sargassum Weed Fish Histrio histrio (Lophiliformes: Brown Bear in Ladakh, India Antennariidae) in Nigeria deep water, Gulf of Guinea – Aishwarya Maheshwari, A. Arun Kumar & Sambandam Sathyakumar, Pp. 18695–18702 – Abdul-Rahman Dirisu, Hanson S. Uyi & Meshack Uyi, Pp. 18899–18902

Habitat selecton of Himalayan Musk Deer Moschus leucogaster (Mammalia: Artodactyla: A new distributon record of stomatopods Odontodactylus japonicus (De Haan, 1844) and Moschidae) with respect to biophysical atributes in Annapurna Conservaton Area of Nepal Lysiosquilla tredecimdentata (Holthuis, 1941) from the Puducherry coastal waters, east coast of – Bijaya Neupane, Nar Bahadur Chhetri & Bijaya Dhami, Pp. 18703–18712 India – S. Nithya Mary, V. Ravitchandirane & B. Gunalan, Pp. 18903–18907 Sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis in elephants in Maharashtra, India – Utkarsh Rajhans, Gayatri Wankhede, Balaji Ambore , Sandeep Chaudhari, Navnath Nighot, Vithal New records of Agriocnemis keralensis Peters, 1981 and Gynacantha khasiaca MacLachlan, 1896 Dhaygude & Chhaya Sonekar, Pp. 18713–18718 (Insecta: Odonata) from Maharashtra, India – Yogesh Koli, Akshay Dalvi & Dataprasad Sawant, Pp. 18908–18919 Avian species richness in traditonal rice ecosystems: a case study from upper Myanmar – Steven G. Plat, Myo Min Win, Naing Lin, Swann Htet Naing Aung, Ashish John & Thomas R. A new distributon record of the Horn Coral Caryophyllia grandis Gardiner & Waugh, 1938 Rainwater, Pp. 18719–18737 (Anthozoa: Scleractnia) from the Karnataka Coast, India – J.S. Yogesh Kumar & C. Raghunathan, Pp. 18920–18924 Conservaton status, feeding guilds, and diversity of birds in Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Karnataka, India Re-collecton, extended distributon, and amplifed descripton of Vaccinium paucicrenatum – M.N. Harisha, K.S. Abdul Samad & B.B. Hoset, Pp. 18738–18751 Sleumer (Ericaceae) from the Arunachal Himalaya in India – Subhasis Panda, Pp. 18925–18932 Birds of Surat-Dangs: a consolidated checklist of 75 years (1944–2020) with special emphasis on noteworthy bird records and bird hotspots from northern Western Ghats of Gujarat, India – Nikunj Jambu & Kaushal G. Patel, Pp. 18752–18780 Notes

Identfcaton of a unique barb from the dorsal body contour feathers of the Indian Pita Pita Photographic record of the Rusty-spoted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geofroy Saint-Hilaire, brachyura (Aves: Passeriformes: Pitdae) 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in southern Western Ghats, India – Prateek Dey, Swapna Devi Ray, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma , Padmanabhan Pramod & Ram Pratap – Devika Sanghamithra & P.O. Nameer, Pp. 18933–18935 Singh, Pp. 18781–18791 Natural history notes on the highly threatened Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota (Aves: Cracidae) Underestmated diversity of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) on karst landscapes in – Carlos Otávio Araujo Gussoni & Marco Aurélio Galvão da Silva, Pp. 18936–18938 Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo – Izneil Nashriq & Indraneil Das, Pp. 18792–18799 Black-bellied Coral Snake Sinomicrurus nigriventer (Wall, 1908) (Elapidae): an extended distributon in the western Himalaya, India Aborichthys barapensis, a new species of river loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from – Sipu Kumar, Jignasu Dolia, Vartka Chaudhary, Amit Kumar & Abhijit Das, Pp. 18939–18942 Arunachal Pradesh, the eastern Himalaya, India – P. Nanda & L. Tamang, Pp. 18800–18808 First record of the Afghan Poplar Hawkmoth Laothoe wit Eitschberger et al., 1998 (Sphingidae: Smerinthinae) from India: a notable range extension for the genus A study on the community structure of damselfies (Insecta: Odonata: Zygoptera) in Paschim – Muzafar Riyaz, Pratheesh Mathew, Taslima Shiekh, S. Ignacimuthu & K. Sivasankaran, Pp. 18943– Medinipur, West Bengal, India 18946 – Pathik Kumar Jana, Priyanka Halder Mallick & Tanmay Bhatacharya, Pp. 18809–18816 The tribe Cnodalonini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae) from Maharashtra with two new New distributon and range extension records of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) records from two western Himalayan protected areas – V.D. Hegde & D. Vasanthakumar, Pp. 18947–18948 – Pritha Dey & Axel Hausmann, Pp. 18817–18826 Do predatory adult odonates estmate their adult prey odonates’ body size and dispersal ability to Buterfy diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal proceed with a successful atack? – Kismat Neupane & Mahamad Sayab Miya, Pp. 18827–18845 – Tharaka Sudesh Priyadarshana, Pp. 18949–18952

New records and distributon extension of Nassarius persicus (Martens, 1874) and N. tadjallii Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C. Fisch. (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of Moolenbeek, 2007 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nassariidae) to India India afer a lapse of 83 years – Sayali Nerurkar & Deepak Apte, Pp. 18846–18852 – Perumal Murugan, Vellingiri Ravichandran & Chidambaram Murugan, Pp. 18953–18955

Flowering plants of Agumbe region, central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India Response – G.S. Adithya Rao & Y.L. Krishnamurthy, Pp. 18853–18867 Comments on the “A checklist of mammals with historical records from Darjeeling-Sikkim Populaton assessment and habitat distributon modelling of the threatened medicinal plant Himalaya landscape, India” Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. in the Kumaun Himalaya, India – P.O. Nameer, Pp. 18956–18958 – Naveen Chandra, Gajendra Singh, Shashank Lingwal, M.P.S. Bisht & Lalit Mohan Tewari, Publisher & Host Pp. 18868–18877

Occurrence of gilled fungi in Puducherry, India – Vadivelu Kumaresan, Chakravarthy Sariha, Thokur Sreepathy Murali & Gunasekaran Senthilarasu, Pp. 18878–18887

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