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Is It Rational to Have Faith? Looking for New Evidence, Good’S Theorem, and Risk Aversion
Lara Buchak, November 2009 DRAFT DO NOT CITE Is it rational to have faith? Looking for new evidence, Good’s Theorem, and Risk Aversion 0. Introduction Although statements involving ascriptions of faith are quite common, faith and rationality are often thought to conflict; at best, they are thought to have nothing to say to each other. In this paper, I analyze the concept of faith: in particular, I give an account that unifies statements of faith in mundane matters and statements of religious faith. My account focuses on spelling out the sense in which faith requires going beyond the evidence, and I argue that faith requires stopping ones search for further evidence. I then turn to the question of whether it is rational to have faith, taking into account both epistemic rationality and practical rationality. I argue that faith need not conflict with epistemic rationality at all; however, whether faith can be practically rational hinges on which attitudes towards risk it is rationally permissible to adopt when making decisions: more specifically, it hinges on how one should respond to the risk of misleading evidence. I have argued elsewhere that practical rationality permits a wider range of attitudes towards risk than is commonly supposed, and if this is right, then it is also rationally permissible to have faith; indeed, depending on the attitude towards risk that one decides to adopt, it is sometimes rationally required.1 1. Faith Statements I begin by sketching some characteristics that faith statements have in common. By faith statements, I simply mean statements involving the term faith. -
Francis Schaeffer's Burdens
“The Church Before the Watching World:” Francis Schaeffer’s Burdens Andrew Fellows Andrew Fellows is a teacher and conference speaker, and the director of apologetics for Christian Heritage, Cambridge. After serving a term in the pastorate he spent twenty one years with his family in the English branch of L’Abri Fellowship and from 2011 to 2016 served as the Chairman of L’Abri International. Andrew has recently writtenSmuggling Jesus Back Into the Church; How the Church Became Worldly and What to do About It due for publication by IVP in early 2022. He has several other books in the pipeline written for skeptics. Andrew has a special interest in cultural apologetics. In this article I am arguing for a retrieval and serious re-engagement with Francis Schaeffer’s message to the church. There is no doubting that Schaeffer left a considerable and enduring legacy—one I would argue is worthy of our attention today. For many he is best known for L’Abri, the community he founded in Switzerland with his wife Edith in 1955. Among its various purposes, this “shelter” served as a place of asylum for doubters who had questions the church failed to take seriously. Schaeffer also achieved notoriety for his work as an apologist to sceptics. Through his lectures, writings and documentary styled films he argued for the credibility of the faith, encour- aging a generation of evangelicals to be confident in the truth. Others may remember him for bravely tackling the ethical issues of the day. His book entitled, Whatever Happened to the Human Race (later turned into a film) brought issues like abortion infanticide and euthanasia to the attention of Christians who otherwise would have remained oblivious to such matters. -
CBC IDEAS Sales Catalog (AZ Listing by Episode Title. Prices Include
CBC IDEAS Sales Catalog (A-Z listing by episode title. Prices include taxes and shipping within Canada) Catalog is updated at the end of each month. For current month’s listings, please visit: http://www.cbc.ca/ideas/schedule/ Transcript = readable, printed transcript CD = titles are available on CD, with some exceptions due to copyright = book 104 Pall Mall (2011) CD $18 foremost public intellectuals, Jean The Academic-Industrial Ever since it was founded in 1836, Bethke Elshtain is the Laura Complex London's exclusive Reform Club Spelman Rockefeller Professor of (1982) Transcript $14.00, 2 has been a place where Social and Political Ethics, Divinity hours progressive people meet to School, The University of Chicago. Industries fund academic research discuss radical politics. There's In addition to her many award- and professors develop sideline also a considerable Canadian winning books, Professor Elshtain businesses. This blurring of the connection. IDEAS host Paul writes and lectures widely on dividing line between universities Kennedy takes a guided tour. themes of democracy, ethical and the real world has important dilemmas, religion and politics and implications. Jill Eisen, producer. 1893 and the Idea of Frontier international relations. The 2013 (1993) $14.00, 2 hours Milton K. Wong Lecture is Acadian Women One hundred years ago, the presented by the Laurier (1988) Transcript $14.00, 2 historian Frederick Jackson Turner Institution, UBC Continuing hours declared that the closing of the Studies and the Iona Pacific Inter- Acadians are among the least- frontier meant the end of an era for religious Centre in partnership with known of Canadians. -
Peirce and the Founding of American Sociology
Journal of Classical Sociology Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi Vol 6(1): 23–50 DOI: 10.1177/1468795X06061283 www.sagepublications.com Peirce and the Founding of American Sociology NORBERT WILEY University of Illinois, Urbana ABSTRACT This paper argues that Charles Sanders Peirce contributed signific- antly to the founding of American sociology, doing so at the level of philosophical presuppositions or meta-sociology. I emphasize two of his ideas. One is semiotics, which is virtually the same as the anthropologists’ concept of culture. This latter concept in turn was essential to clarifying the sociologists’ idea of the social or society. Peirce also created the modern theory of the dialogical self, which explained the symbolic character of human beings and proved foundational for social psychology. Politically Peirce was a right-wing conservative, but his ideas eventually contributed to the egalitarian views of culures and sub-cultures. In addition his ideas contributed, by way of unanticipated consequences, to the 20th- century human rights revolutions in the American legal system. Thus he was both a founder of sociology and a founder of American political liberalism. KEYWORDS early American sociology, inner speech, Peirce, semiotics Introduction Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) originated several ideas that contributed to social theory, particularly to its philosophical underpinnings. Some of these are in unfamiliar contexts and in need of a slight re-framing or re-conceptualization. They also need to be related to each other. But, assuming these finishing touches, Peirce hadFirst a cluster of powerful insights that tradeProof heavily on the notions of the symbolic, the semiotic, the dialogical, the cultural and the self – ideas central to social theory. -
Literature Review
New Insights and Directions for Religious Epistemology http://www.newinsights.ox.ac.uk Literature Review Analytic epistemology experienced a monumental resurgence in the latter part of the twentieth century. A short paper by Edmund Gettier launched a frenzied era of original research into the nature of some of our central epistemic concepts, e.g., knowledge, justification, rationality, belief, defeat, and evidence. The excitement of Gettier’s challenge to the view that knowledge is justified true belief drew interest from a wide range of very talented philosophers. Formidable figures such as Fred Dretske, John Pollack, Robert Nozick, Roderick Chisholm, Alvin Goldman, Marshall Swain, David Armstrong, Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, Richard Swinburne, and Gilbert Harman, to name just a few, published widely on the foregoing epistemic concepts. This outpouring of original research meant that new theoretical tools and insights became available for application in philosophy of religion. Religious epistemology, taking advantage of this resurgence in mainstream epistemology, experienced a new era of original research. William Alston, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Alvin Plantinga, and Richard Swinburne all played a particularly central role in this resurgence. Alston, in his popular book Perceiving God, argued that religious beliefs held by way of religious experience are just as justified as our regular or quotidian perceptual beliefs. In his masterpiece Warranted Christian Belief, Plantinga, inspired by (i) the notion of a basic belief in the epistemic theory of foundationalism, (ii) his proper functioning account of warrant, and (iii) John Calvin’s theology, defended the position that Christian beliefs are warranted if true. The broad outlines of his position came to be labeled “Reformed Epistemology.” Wolterstorff, in his Reason within the Bounds of Religion, provided an elegant and sophisticated account of the role religious belief play in an agent’s overall epistemic “web” of beliefs. -
Curriculum Vitae of Alvin Plantinga
CURRICULUM VITAE OF ALVIN PLANTINGA A. Education Calvin College A.B. 1954 University of Michigan M.A. 1955 Yale University Ph.D. 1958 B. Academic Honors and Awards Fellowships Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1968-69 Guggenheim Fellow, June 1 - December 31, 1971, April 4 - August 31, 1972 Fellow, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1975 - Fellow, Calvin Center for Christian Scholarship, 1979-1980 Visiting Fellow, Balliol College, Oxford 1975-76 National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships, 1975-76, 1987, 1995-6 Fellowship, American Council of Learned Societies, 1980-81 Fellow, Frisian Academy, 1999 Gifford Lecturer, 1987, 2005 Honorary Degrees Glasgow University, l982 Calvin College (Distinguished Alumni Award), 1986 North Park College, 1994 Free University of Amsterdam, 1995 Brigham Young University, 1996 University of the West in Timisoara (Timisoara, Romania), 1998 Valparaiso University, 1999 2 Offices Vice-President, American Philosophical Association, Central Division, 1980-81 President, American Philosophical Association, Central Division, 1981-82 President, Society of Christian Philosophers, l983-86 Summer Institutes and Seminars Staff Member, Council for Philosophical Studies Summer Institute in Metaphysics, 1968 Staff member and director, Council for Philosophical Studies Summer Institute in Philosophy of Religion, 1973 Director, National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminar, 1974, 1975, 1978 Staff member and co-director (with William P. Alston) NEH Summer Institute in Philosophy of Religion (Bellingham, Washington) 1986 Instructor, Pew Younger Scholars Seminar, 1995, 1999 Co-director summer seminar on nature in belief, Calvin College, July, 2004 Other E. Harris Harbison Award for Distinguished Teaching (Danforth Foundation), 1968 Member, Council for Philosophical Studies, 1968-74 William Evans Visiting Fellow University of Otago (New Zealand) 1991 Mentor, Collegium, Fairfield University 1993 The James A. -
The Legacy of Francis Schaeffer — an Apologetic for Post-Moderns
201 Fifty Years on: The Legacy of Francis Schaeffer — An Apologetic for Post-moderns Christopher Tinker and Melvin Tinker IT was in 1955 ThaT one of The mosT significanT evangelical apologeTic movemenTs was born: The L’Abri fellowship, founded by Dr. Francis Schaeffer and his wife EdiTh. WhaT began almosT ‘accidenTally’ wiTh a few young enquirers having Their searching quesTions handled honesTly and compassionaTely, was To become a force for The gospel which has influenced many Thousands around The world up To, and including, The presenT day. Given ThaT Schaeffer was an acTive apologisT from The 1950s To The early 1980s, his work was conducTed in a largely modernisT conTexT. As such, his apologeTic may seem To come down To us wiTh a long elapsed ‘sell by daTe’ readily aTTached. Schaeffer has been criTicised for having a far Too raTionalisTic approach To apologeTics and his hisTories of WesTern ThoughT have been rendered as Too simplisTic. 1 WhaT is more, Schaeffer was working wiTh a concepT of absoluTe TruTh in a climaTe dominaTed by raTionalism, boTh of which are, aT The very leasT, TreaTed wiTh suspicion if noT downrighT disdain by posT- moderns. WhilsT recognising The limiTaTions of Schaeffer’s work (and of course The same is True of all apologisTs—C. S. Lewis, G. K. ChesTerTon To name buT Two), we mainTain ThaT Schaeffer’s approach To apologeTics sTill provides a valuable resource for The way in which ChrisTians mighT engage wiTh The posT- modern mind. NoT only do Schaeffer’s ideas provide a framework for undersTanding The posT-modern world, buT various aspecTs of his approach prove eminenTly suiTed To The presenT posT-modern scene. -
HUMAN CLONING Papers from a Church Consultation
HUMAN CLONING Papers From a Church Consultation Evangelical Lutheran Church in America October 13-15, 2000 Chicago, Illinois Roger A. Willer, editor HUMAN CLONING Papers From a Church Consultation Roger A. Willer, editor Copyright © 2001 Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Produced by the Department for Studies of the Division for Church in Society, 8765 W. Higgins Rd., Chicago, Illinois, 60631-4190. Permission is granted to reproduce this document as needed provided each copy carries the copyright notice printed above. Scripture quotations from the New Standard Revised Version of the Bible are copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America and are used by permission. Cover image © copyright 1999 PhotoDisc, Inc. The figure found on page nine is adapted from the National Institute of Health, Stem Cells: A Primer at <www.nih.gov/ news/stemcell/primer.htm>. ISBN 6-0001-3165-8. Distributed on behalf of the Division for Church in Society of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America by Augsburg Fortress, Publishers. Augsburg Fortress order code 69-1550. This publication may be found online in its entirety as a downloadable PDF (portable document file) at <www.elca.org/ dcs/humancloning.html>. Printed on recycled paper with soy-based inks. Contents Contributors 3 Preface 4 Introduction 5 Section One, The Science and the Public Debate Kevin Fitzgerald Cloning: Can it be Good for Us? 8 Margaret R. McLean Table Talk and Public Policy Formation in the Clone Age 14 Richard Perry Broadening the Churchs Conversation 23 Section Two, Theological Resources Philip Hefner Cloning: The Destiny and Dangers of Being Human 27 Richard C. -
Jesuit Responses to Native American Dreams in the Early Seventeenth Century
DISCERNING DREAMS IN NEW FRANCE: JESUIT RESPONSES TO NATIVE AMERICAN DREAMS IN THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Deirdre C. McMurtry, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Thesis Committee: Approved By Professor Dale K. Van Kley, Advisor Professor Matt Goldish ____________________________________ Professor Alice Conklin Advisor History Graduate Program ABSTRACT Recent scholarship on the seventeenth-century Jesuit-Amerindian encounter in New France has emphasized the cultural disruptiveness and loss of the various native groups as a result of the missionary project. Crucial to understanding this loss of traditional Amerindian culture, however, is a parallel understanding of the cultural and intellectual forces coming from Europe which shaped and often restricted the Jesuits’ attitudes toward native customs. Examining the first fifty years of the cross-cultural encounter through the lens of dream interpretation, this paper argues that the Jesuits made several adjustments to their initial assumptions and responses toward native dreams. Although the Jesuits originally denounced all native dreams as superstitious, the advent of native convert dreams forced the Jesuits to recognize the placement of at least some native dreams within traditional Christian categories of visions and miracles, even though some of these dreams retained characteristics which they condemned in traditional native dreams. Over time, however, the Jesuits’ accommodating policy drew criticisms from competing missionaries. Because the dispute centered on events in China rather than Canada, the acceptability of convert dreams was resolved first by a silence on the issue in public records and later by a retraction of the papal condemnation of the Chinese Rites ruling and certain accomodationist practices. -
Ruth Hayhoe - Curriculum Vitae
Ruth Hayhoe - Curriculum Vitae Name: Ruth Emilie Scott HAYHOE Addresses in Canada: Office: LHAE, OISE/UT, 6/F, 252 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada M5S 1V6 Telephone & e-mail in Office: 416-978-1213 Home: 416-413-1758 Canada [email protected]; [email protected] Telephone & e-mail in 561-265-0886, U.S.A. [email protected] Professional Employment Experience 2002 - Professor, Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education, OISE/UT (tenured, but quartertime since January, 2018) Director/President emerita, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, the Education University of Hong Kong since 2016 1997-2002 Director, Hong Kong Institute of Education 1996-1997 Associate Dean for Graduate Studies, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT) 1993-1995 Chairperson, Higher Education Group, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE), affiliated with the University of Toronto 1990- Full Professor, Higher Education Group, OISE 1989-1991 Head of Cultural & Academic Affairs, The Canadian Embassy, Beijing (on secondment from OISE to External Affairs and International Trade Canada) 1988-1990 Associate professor, Higher Education Group, OISE 1986-1988 Assistant professor, Higher Education Group, OISE 1984-1986 Postdoctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, held in the Higher Education Group, OISE 1983 Visiting lecturer in Comparative Education, Roehampton Institute of Higher Education, London, England 1980-1982 Foreign specialist teaching Western literature and journalistic writing, Fudan University, Shanghai 2- 1967-1978 Secondary school teacher of English language and literature, History and Religious Education, Heep Yunn School, Hong Kong Academic and Professional Honors Ming Yuan Award for Outstanding Contributions to Chinese Education Research 2015 Honorary Doctor of Letters, Open University of Hong Kong, 2015 C.J. -
20 Changing American Evangelical Attitudes Towards
Changing American Evangelical Attitudes towards Roman Catholics: 1960-2000 Don Sweeting Don Sweeting is Senior Pastor of Introduction summing up forty years of evangelicalism Cherry Creek Presbyterian Church, in In 1960, Presidential campaign historian since 1945, Bayly said, “We inherited a Englewood, Colorado. He has also Theodore H. White observed that “the Berlin Wall between evangelical Chris- served as the founding pastor of the largest and most important division in tians and Roman Catholics; we bequeath Chain of Lakes Community Bible Church American society was that between Prot- a spirit of love and rapprochement on in Antioch, Illinois. Dr. Sweeting was estants and Catholics.”1 As a vital part of the basis of the Bible rather than fear and educated at Moody Bible Institute, American Protestant life, evangelicalism hatred.”7 Lawrence University, Oxford University reflected the strains of this conflict.2 Anti- By the mid 1990s, it was clear that atti- (M.A.), and Trinity Evangelical Divinity Catholicism, according to church historian tudes were changing. On a local level, School (Ph.D.) where he wrote his dis- George Marsden, “was simply an unques- evangelicals and Catholics were meeting sertation on the relationship between tioned part of the fundamentalist- to discuss issues from poverty and wel- evangelicals and Roman Catholics. evangelicalism of the day.”3 fare reform to abortion. On the national This posture of outright public hostil- level changes were also apparent. Evan- ity was evidenced in many ways. It could gelical publishing houses were printing be seen in the opposition of many evan- books by Catholic authors. Some evangeli- gelical leaders to the presidential candi- cal parachurch ministries began placing dacy of John F. -
A Quick Guide to Dissertation Writing
A QUICK GUIDE TO DISSERTATION WRITING GRADUATE WRITING CENTER • GRADUATE DIVISION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY Balian, Edward S. The Graduate Research Guidebook. 4th ed. Encinitas, CA: Silver Sky Publishing, 2011. Becker, Howard S. Tricks of the Trade: How to Think about Your Research While You’re Doing It. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ———————. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. With a contribution by Pamela Richards. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Bolker, Joan. Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day: A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998. Brause, Rita S. Writing Your Doctoral Dissertation: Invisible Rules for Success. London: Falmer Press (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000. Chinneck, John W. “How to Organize Your Thesis.” Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Latest revision: September 29, 1999. http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/chinneck/thesis.html Cone, John D., and Sharon L. Foster. Dissertations and Theses from Start to Finish: Psychology and Related Fields. Second ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2006. Davis, Gordon B., and Clyde A. Parker. Writing the Doctoral Dissertation: A Systematic Approach. 3rd ed. Hauppage, New York: Barron’s Educational Series, 2012. Davis, Richard M. Thesis Projects in Science and Engineering: A Complete Guide from Problem Selection to Final Presentation. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. Dissertation Writing and Filing. Graduate Division, University of California, Berkeley. http://grad.berkeley.edu/academic-progress/dissertation/ “Dissertations.” The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.