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Königliche Steindenkmäler in Den Tempeln Ägyptens Band I: Auswertung

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Königliche Steindenkmäler in Den Tempeln Ägyptens Band I: Auswertung Naoi Königliche Steindenkmäler in den Tempeln Ägyptens Vom Alten Reich bis zum Ende der pharaonischen Ära Band I: Auswertung Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil., vorgelegt dem Fachbereich 07 (Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften) der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz von Heimo Hohneck aus Meisenheim/Glan Mainz 2020 2 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde vom Fachbereich 07 Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz im Jahr 2020 als Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) angenommen. Referentin: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ursula Verhoeven-van Elsbergen Korreferentin: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Tanja Pommerening Tag des Prüfungskolloquiums: 19. Februar 2020 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis (Band I: Auswertung) Vorwort und Danksagung ....................................................................................................... 9 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Was sind Naoi? ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Abgrenzung des Themas .................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Nicht untersuchte „Randgruppen“...................................................................................... 14 1.4 Vorgehensweise und Ziele der Arbeit ................................................................................ 15 1.5 Kurzer Abriss zum Forschungs- und Publikationsstand .................................................... 17 2 Vorläufer und Genese der Kultbildschreine ..................................................................... 23 2.1 Vom Ursprung der Götter- und Kultbildschreine .............................................................. 23 2.2 Grundformen der Götterschreine ....................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 pr-wr und pr-nw/pr-nsr ................................................................................ 25 2.2.2 sH-nTr ............................................................................................................ 27 2.2.3 Modellschreine und der frühe Kultbildschrein kAr ....................................... 28 3 Der religionsgeschichtliche Hintergrund .......................................................................... 31 3.1 Der Götterkult .................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1 Tägliches Ritual (Kultbildritual) .................................................................. 31 3.1.2 Quellen zum Kultbildritual ........................................................................... 34 3.1.3 Festritual ....................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Ägyptischer Königskult, ptolemäischer Herrscherkult und römischer Kaiserkult............. 37 4 Ausgewählte schriftliche und bildliche Belege für Kultbildschreine .............................. 40 4.1 Schriftliche Quellen ............................................................................................................ 40 Exkurs: Errichtung der Naoi durch Beamte im Auftrag des Königs ..................... 44 4 4.2 Bildliche Quellen ................................................................................................................ 45 4.2.1 Darstellungen in Privatgräbern des NR ........................................................ 46 4.2.1.1 Darstellung der Produktion von Schreinen ........................................... 46 4.2.1.2 Darstellung von mit Schreinen ausgestatteten Kultstellen ................... 48 4.2.2 Darstellungen in den Tempeln des NR und der griechisch-römischen Zeit . 50 4.2.3 Sonstige bildliche Quellen ............................................................................ 53 5 Formale Gestaltung der Naoi ............................................................................................. 58 5.1 Bauglieder und Dekorationselemente ................................................................................ 58 5.1.1 Bestandteile eines Naos ................................................................................ 58 5.1.2 Dachformen und Dachzier ............................................................................ 59 5.1.2.1 Flachdach .............................................................................................. 61 5.1.2.2 Tonnendach........................................................................................... 61 5.1.2.3 Pultdach ................................................................................................ 61 5.1.2.4 Satteldach .............................................................................................. 62 5.1.2.5 Pyramidendach ..................................................................................... 62 5.1.3 Friese ............................................................................................................ 63 5.1.3.1 Uräenfries ............................................................................................. 63 5.1.3.2 Cheker-Fries ......................................................................................... 64 5.1.3.3 Kartuschen-Friese ................................................................................. 64 5.1.3.4 Rinderkopfprotome ............................................................................... 66 5.1.4 Hohlkehle und Rundstab .............................................................................. 67 5.1.5 Nischengliederung ........................................................................................ 67 5.1.6 Türen, Türverschluss und Türversiegelung .................................................. 70 5.1.6.1 Ohne Tür ............................................................................................... 70 5.1.6.2 Einflügelige Tür .................................................................................... 70 5.1.6.3 Zweiflügelige Tür ................................................................................. 71 5.1.6.4 Sogenannte Klöntür .............................................................................. 72 5.1.6.5 Mit gesondertem Türrahmen ................................................................ 75 5.2 Maße ................................................................................................................................... 76 5.3 Material und Farbsymbolik ................................................................................................ 80 5.4 Materialmagie ..................................................................................................................... 82 5.5 Bemalung ........................................................................................................................... 83 5 6 Naosformen und Typologie ................................................................................................ 85 6.1 Typ I: sH-nTr ....................................................................................................................... 88 6.2 Typ II: Rundbogen-Naos .................................................................................................... 89 6.3 Typ III: pr-wr/kAr ............................................................................................................... 90 6.4 Typ IV: Speosartiger Naos ................................................................................................. 91 6.5 Typ V: Geometrischer Naos (Naos in Quader-, Würfel- oder Kastenform) ...................... 92 6.6 Typ VI: Kombinierter Naos („Nektanebos“-Naos) ............................................................ 93 6.7 Typ VII: Komplexer Naos („nubischer Typ“) ................................................................... 94 7 Reliefs und Inschriften ........................................................................................................ 96 7.1 Auf den Naoi angebrachte bildliche Darstellungen ........................................................... 96 7.1.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ................................................................................. 96 7.1.2 Geflügelte Sonnenscheibe(n) ....................................................................... 97 7.1.3 Darstellungen des König und der Gottheiten ............................................... 97 7.1.3.1 Ritualszenen .......................................................................................... 98 7.1.3.2 Götterkataloge (Götterlisten/Götterprozessionen/Götterreihen) ........ 101 7.1.3.2.1 Götter oder Dämonen? ................................................................ 106 7.1.3.2.2 Bedeutung und Herkunft der Götterkataloge .............................. 106 7.1.3.2.3 Götterbilder auf Papyri und Ritualstatuen in Krypten ................ 109 7.1.3.2.4 Weitere Beobachtungen und Hypothesen ................................... 111 7.1.3.3 Der König beim twA pt (bzw. wTs nfrw) und Hapis beim smA tAwj ..... 114 7.2 Inschriften ......................................................................................................................... 115 7.2.1 Allgemeiner Überblick ............................................................................... 115 7.2.2 Leserichtung und Lesefolge
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