DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity and Adaptability of Holothuria Leucospilota And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity and Adaptability of Holothuria Leucospilota And e Rese tur arc ul h c & a u D q e A v e f l o o Ceesay et al., J Aquac Res Development 2012, 3:2 l p a m n Journal of Aquaculture r e u n o t DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000123 J ISSN: 2155-9546 Research & Development Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Biodiversity and Adaptability of Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus japonicus Sea Cucumber Species in Artificial Environment Abdoulie Ceesay1, Mariana Nor Shamsudin1*, Norfarrah Mohammed Alipiah1 and Intan Safinar Ismail2 1Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Abstract Sea cucumber species respond to challenging environmental conditions differently thus, to culture them in artificial environment requires a better understanding of their environmental needs. Two species of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota in Teluk Kamang Port Dickson (PD) (2° 27’ 46.61″N 101° 50’ 42.98″E), Malaysia, were investigated to determine their biodiversity. H. leucospilota was separately investigated to establish its abundance in three (3) separate periods of the year- March, July and November. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) were used to measure the physical parameters. Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota were found in temperature ranges of 31 to 32°C and 30 to 31°C, respectively. Salinity was 30.00 to 31.00 part per thousand (ppt) for S. japonicus and 30.00 to 31.00 ppt for H. leucospilota. The pH ranged from 7.80 to 8.40 and 8.00 to 8.60 for S. japonicus and H. leucospilota respectively. H. leucospilota species were more abundant in March than in July, and more in July than in November. Amplification of their genomic DNA using the 16S primer, showed H. leucospilota to be approximately 550 bp and S. japonicus 600 bp in size. The sequenced PCR products analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) Version 2.01G identifiedHolothuria leucospilota as another species in Malaysia. These findings provide an insight into Holothurians environment needs and established a nucleotide sequence for H. leucospilota in nucleotide database for future use. Keywords: Biodiversity; Stichopus japonicas; Sea cucumber; 16S 30 cm to 100 cm in two sites: a coral reef site at Teluk Kemang beach for primer; BLAST; Holothuria leucospilota H. leucospilota, and sandy or muddy areas behind Costa Rica Hotel for S. japonicus. The species were collected within three different quadrats, Introduction each measuring 5 m x 20 m. YSI was used to take salinity, temperature, Sea cucumbers are organisms belonging to the phylum Echinoder- and pH measurements, and the GPS was used to determine the location mata from the class Holothuroidea composed of five genera. Even thou- of the species at the sites. The sea cucumber species collected from each gh some are found in shallow waters, they are typically ocean dwellers quadrat was counted and then stored in buckets containing sea water and are found living in the deep ocean. They live on or near the ocean with battery aerators to provide oxygen [5]. They were then transported floor and are often buried beneath it [1]. They are widely distributed in to the lab in this condition before being transferred to the aquarium. all regions of the oceans worldwide. To date, as many as 1500 species and new species identified each year have been recorded among the Abundance of H. leucospilota at Port Dickson six valid orders of Apodida, Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Molpadiida, To determine the abundance of H. leucospilota, a survey was first Dendrochirotida and Dactylochirotida [2]. Holothurians have a long history of being consumed by the oriental people, mostly the Chinese conducted from March to July 2010, and then in November of the and Japanese. Being a source of food and medicine to many has resul- same year. The number of species per survey was determined randomly ted in their being harvested heavily in many communities with tonnes due to the vastness of the area and it was conducted in three quadrats leaving the ocean annually [3]. This situation led some species to the measuring 100 m-2 (5 m x 20 m) along a 100 m transect line. The sea point of extinction. However, some institutions and communities have cucumber species were collected and counted before transferring them embarked on aquaculture and breeding projects, in addition to other in improvised aquariums. Upon completion of the work the species conservation efforts geared towards protecting the endangered species were returned to their respective locations [5]. The physical parameters from complete disappearance. In Malaysia, approximately 50 species were also determined during each sampling period. from three orders and seven genera have been recorded while 34 spe- cies still require further identification [2,4]. Two sea cucumber species, Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota, found around the coa- *Corresponding author: Mariana Nor Shamsudin, Laboratory of Marine Biotech- stline in Port Dickson are among the types recorded in Malaysia, with nology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, H. leucospilota being the commonest ones [2,4]. Studies on the identi- Selangor, Malaysia, Tel. 03-8947 2192; Fax: 03-8947 2191, E-mail: mariana@ fication of local sea cucumbers at the genomic level are limited. Thus, medic.upm.edu.my this study was conducted to identify these two species of sea cucumber Received January 24, 2012; Accepted March 16, 2012; Published March 26, using DNA sequencing and also to highlight some of the environmen- 2012 tal factors that support the survival of one species over the other in an Citation: Ceesay A, Shamsudin MN, Alipiah NM, Ismail IS (2012) Biodiver- artificial environment. sity and Adaptability of Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus japonicus Sea Cucumber Species in Artificial Environment. J Aquac Res Development 3:123 Materials and Methods doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000123 Copyright: © 2012 Ceesay A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed un- Sampling of sea cucumbers der the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original The sea cucumber samples were collected at low tide at a depth of author and source are credited. J Aquac Res Development ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Volume 3 • Issue 2 • 1000123 Citation: Ceesay A, Shamsudin MN, Alipiah NM, Ismail IS (2012) Biodiversity and Adaptability of Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus japonicus Sea Cucumber Species in Artificial Environment. J Aquac Res Development 3:123 doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000123 Page 2 of 6 Estimation of population size conditions. S. japonicus was cultured in artificial sea water at 27.00 ppt below its optimum salinity level of approximately 30.00 ppt and left in To determine the estimated population size of H. leucospilota sea that condition for two days. H. leucospilota was also cultured in artificial cucumber we collected data such as quadrat size (100 m-2), the size -2 sea water at salinity level of 27.00 ppt, below its optimum salinity level of the survey area (8000 m ) and the number of species per quadrat. of 30.00 ppt, and left in such a condition for two days. The salinity was ℜ The mean ( ) value of all the quadrat counts generates the population adjusted to 28.00 ppt on the third day when organisms showed signs of density expressed in numbers of individuals per quadrat area. To stress. Temperature on the other hand was control at 31 and 32°C for estimate the total population size of H. leucospilota at the survey site, S. japonicus and H. leucospilota respectively using heaters for the first we calculated N for the quadrat data using the formula: N = (A/a) × n, week but when the salinity was normalized, the temperature was left where: N = the estimated total population size, A = the total study area, ambient and was normally between 24 and 30°C. Their conditions were a = the area of the quadrat and n = the mean number of organisms per monitored both in the morning and in the afternoon. Observations quadrat. To also determine the distribution of the species at the site we made on each species were recorded on a daily basis. calculated the variance (s 2) and divided the variance by the mean (ℜ) to compute the variance-to-mean ratio (s 2 /ℜ) which tells us whether the Total genomic DNA Extraction species were aggregated, random or uniformly dispersed. To calculate DNA extraction was carried out using Epicenter’s DNA and the variance and variance-to-mean ratio, we used the following set of RNA extraction kit (Epicenter Biotechnologies) according to the formulas: (i) = quadrat number, Σ (x ) = total number of organisms, Σ i manufacturer’s instructions. Five to ten milligram (5-10 mg) of H. (x ) / n = mean, Σ (d2) = sum of squared deviations, s 2 = Σ (d2) / (n-1) i i i leucospilota and S. japonicus body tissue and intestine samples collected = sample variance and s 2 / ℜ = variance-to-mean ratio. from one individual sacrificed from each species were mixed with 300 The values are given below: µL of the tissue and cell lysis buffer containing 1 µL proteinase K in a microcentifuge tube and incubated at 65°C for 15 mins, vortexing A = 8000 m-2, a = 100 m-2, n = 19, 61, 38, 13, 10, 14, 4, 3, 3 every 5 mins. Samples were then placed on ice for 3-5 minutes before N=? addition of the MPC protein, and centrifuged for 10 mins at 4°C at 8,500 x g. The supernatant was collected and the pellet discarded.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
    Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: © Philippe Bourjon (with permission) Center for Biological Diversity 14 May 2020 Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist Sarah Uhlemann, Senior Att’y & Int’l Program Director Center for Biological Diversity Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Oakland, CA 94612 Seattle,WA98117 Phone: (510) 844‐7100 x327 Phone: (206) 324‐2344 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submits to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the black teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Alternatively, the Service should list the black teatfish as threatened or endangered throughout a significant portion of its range. This species is found exclusively in foreign waters, thus 30‐days’ notice to affected U.S. states and/or territories was not required. The Center is a non‐profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae), with Special Reference to the Ultrastructure of Sigmoid Bodies
    Species Diversity 17: 15–20 25 May 2012 Redescription of Scoliorhapis lindbergi comb. nov. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae), with Special Reference to the Ultrastructure of Sigmoid Bodies Junko Inoue1,2 and Hiroshi Kajihara3 1 Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan 2 National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 1 March 2011; Accepted 4 October 2011) We reclassify and redescribe the apodid holothurian Scoliodotella uchidai Oguro, 1961 as Scoliorhapis lindbergi (D’yakonov in D’yakonov et al., 1958) comb. nov., based on newly collected topotypes of the former from Akkeshi Bay, Ja- pan. We conrm the previously proposed, but not widely recognized, synonymy between these two nominal species. Scan- ning electron microscopy of 968 sigmoid bodies from 17 specimens of S. lindbergi from Akkeshi Bay revealed that 12.0% of them possessed spinelets, which varied in size, number, and arrangement, and that 0.8% were anchor-shaped, resembling ossicles characteristic of Synaptidae. Key Words: Apodida, Scoliorhapis, spinelets, sigmoid bodies, Synaptina, anchor ossicles. lindbergi (Utinomi 1965; Levin 1982). Because Utinomi’s Introduction (1965) and Levin’s (1982) works were published in the Japa- nese and Russian languages, respectively, these have not Apodida, one of the six orders generally recognized in the been cited in the English literature (e.g., overlooked by Kerr class Holothuroidea, with about 270 species known world- 2001; O’Loughlin and VandenSpiegel 2010; Paulay 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of an Endosymbiotic Bivalve, Entovalva Nhatrangensis (Bristow, Berland, Schander & Vo, 2010) (Galeommatoidea)
    Molluscan Research 31(2): 114–124 ISSN 1323-5818 http://www.mapress.com/mr/ Magnolia Press Morphology of an endosymbiotic bivalve, Entovalva nhatrangensis (Bristow, Berland, Schander & Vo, 2010) (Galeommatoidea) J. LÜTZEN1, B. BERLAND2, & G.A.BRISTOW2* 1Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark 2Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway *Corresponding author, Email: [email protected] Abstract We describe the morphology of Entovalva nhatrangensis Bristow, Berland, Schander & Vo, 2010, an endosymbiontic bivalve living in the oesophagus of Holothuria spinifera and H. leucospilota in Vietnam. The delicate shells are entirely internalized. The body is very small compared to the foot, which is dorso-ventrally flattened and contains the digestive diverticula and the fertile parts of the gonads. Even though the gills are small, they probably serve in collecting suspended matter, and in addition, the species clearly feeds on benthic diatoms, which it probably sorts out from the contents of the host’s gut. The species is a protandric hermaphrodite. Most males have a total length of 1.5–3.0 mm and above that size start changing sex to become females, which may attain a total length of nearly nine mm. Sperm is transferred in spermatophores with a solid wall produced by glands within the male siphon. One to three spermatophores are placed on the gills of females and the ova become fertilized as they pass from the genital pores to the siphon, where they are brooded until released as D-larvae. Key words: functional anatomy, hermaphroditism, protandry, spermatophore, Holothuria spinifera, Holothuria leucospilota, Bivalvia, Heterodonta Introduction following morning.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Sea Cucumbers of the South Atlantic Bight
    Prepared by the Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center AAnn iilllluussttrraatteedd kkeeyy ttoo tthhee sseeaa ccuuccuummbbeerrss ooff tthhee SSoouutthh AAttllaannttiicc BBiigghhtt David L. Pawson and Doris J. Pawson Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013-7012 1 Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 General Morphology (internal) ................................................................................3 General morphology (external) ................................................................................4 Preparation of ossicles .............................................................................................4 Checklist of South Atlantic Bight holothuroideans ............................................................5 Key to Orders of Holothuroidea known from the South Atlantic Bight ..............................6 Key to members of the Order Dendrochirotida known from the South Atlantic Bight .......9 Key to species of the Aspidochirotida known from the South Atlantic Bight...................28 Key to species of the Molpadiida known from the South Atlantic Bight ..........................34 Key to species of the Apodiida known from the South Atlantic Bight .............................35 This document was prepared by Rachael A. King and is only part of a more extensive study that is expected to be published in 2008. The research was conducted in part using funding
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Reproduction in a Fissiparous Holothurian Species, Holothuria
    SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #18 – May 2003 33 D’Silva, D. 2001. The Torres Strait beche-de-mer Skewes, T.D. Dennis, D.M. and Burridge, C. 2000. (sea cucumber) fishery. SPC Beche-de-Mer Survey of Holothuria scabra (sandfish) on Information Bulletin 15:2–4. Warrior Reef, Torres Strait, January 2000. CSIRO Division of Marine Research. Jaquemet, S. and Conand, C. 1999. The Beche-de- Mer trade in 1995/1996 and an assessment of TRAFFIC South America. 2000. Evaluation of the exchanges between main world markets. SPC trade of sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin 12:11–14. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the Galapagos during 1999. Quito. 19 p. Lokani, P. 1990. Beche-de-mer research and devel- opment in Papua New Guinea. SPC Beche-de- Uthicke, S. and Benzie, J.A.H. 2001. Effect of beche- Mer Information Bulletin 2:1–18. de-mer fishing on densities and size structure of Holothuria nobilis (Echinodermata: Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 1994. Sea cu- Holothuridae) populations on the Great cumbers and beche-de-mer of the tropical Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 19:271–276. Pacific. A handbook for fishers. Handbook no. 18. SPC, Noumea New Caledonia. 51 p. Sexual reproduction in a fissiparous holothurian species, Holothuria leucospilota Clark 1920 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) Pradina Purwati1,2 and Jim Thinh Luong-van2 Abstract Holothuria leucospilota Clark 1920 inhabiting tropical Darwin waters primarily undergo asexual reproduc- tion by fission throughout the year (Purwati 2001). However, there is also evidence of sexual reproduction. Monthly sampling from August 1998 to January 2000 revealed that the gonadal tubules within each indi- vidual of H.
    [Show full text]
  • SPC Beche-De-Mer Infomation Bulletin
    SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin #23 – February 2006 39 AbstractsAbstracts && publicationspublications beche-de-merbeche-de-mer SPC translates two chapters of Chantal Conand’s 1989 thesis1:“Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonia lagoon: Biology, ecology and exploitation” SPC's Reef Fisheries Observatory has organised the translation of two chapters of Chantal Conand's semi- nal thesis on the ecology and biology of sea cucumbers. Although this thesis was published in French in 1989, a long time ago, many results were never made available to the wider audience of non-French speak- ers. Since the initial publication of this work, interest on holothurian resources and their management has only increased, and SPC hopes this translation will be of use to fishers, researchers and managers alike. Chantal Conand is now Professor Emeritus at La Reunion University. Her PhD was undertaken at the ORSTOM (now IRD) Center in New Caledonia, and the Laboratory Océanographie Biologique of the University of Bretagne Occidentale in France. She is still involved in sea cucumber research, as the sci- entific editor of this Beche-de-mer Bulletin published by SPC and several programmes of regional and international interest. The translated parts of the PhD thesis are listed below: Part of Chapter two: Ecology of the aspidochirote holothurians 4. Autoecology 4.1 Analytical methods 4.2 General results on distribution, density and biomass 4.3 Ecology of main species 4.4 Discussion of results 5. Taxocoenoses 5.1 Methods 5.2 Richness of the various biotopes 5.3 Main taxocoenosess 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Factors of the distribution 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Predator Defense Mechanisms in Shallow Water Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)
    PREDATOR DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN SHALLOW WATER SEA CUCUMBERS (HOLOTHUROIDEA) JESSICA A. CASTILLO Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. The various predator defense mechanisms possessed by shallow water sea cucumbers were surveyed in twelve different species and morphs. While many defense mechanisms such as the presence of Cuverian tubules, toxic secretions, and unpalatability have been identified in holothurians, I hypothesized that the possession of these traits as well as the degree to which they are utilized varies from species to species. The observed defense mechanisms were compared against a previously-derived phylogeny of the sea cucumbers of Moorea. Furthermore, I hypothesized that while the presence of such structures is most likely a result of the species’ placement on a phylogenetic tree, the degree to which they utilize such structures and their physical behavior are influenced by their individual ecologies. The presence of a red liquid secretion was restricted to individuals of the genus Holothuria (Linnaeus 1767) however not all members of the genus exhibited this trait. With the exception of H. leucospilota, which possessed both Cuverian tubules and a red secretion, Cuverian tubules were observed in members of the genus Bohadschia (Ostergren 1896). In accordance with the hypothesis, both the phylogenetics and individual ecology appear to influence predator defense mechanisms. However, even closely related species of similar ecology may differ considerably. Key words: holothurians; defense; toxicity; Cuverian tubules; Moorea, French Polynesia INTRODUCTION (Sakthivel et. Al, 1994). Approximately 20 species in two families and five genera, Sea cucumbers belong to the phylum including Holothuria, Bohadschia, and Thenelota, Echinodermata and the class Holothuroidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological and Taxonomic Perspective of Triterpenoid Glycosides of Sea Cucumbers of the Family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea)
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 180 (2015) 16–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cbpb Review Biological and taxonomic perspective of triterpenoid glycosides of sea cucumbers of the family Holothuriidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) Magali Honey-Escandón a,⁎, Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa a, Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín b,YvesSamync a Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico b Laboratorio de Sistemática y Ecología de Equinodermos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-350, C.P. 04510 México, D. F., Mexico c Scientific Service of Heritage, Invertebrates Collections, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium article info abstract Article history: Since the discovery of saponins in sea cucumbers, more than 150 triterpene glycosides have been described for Received 20 May 2014 the class Holothuroidea. The family Holothuriidae has been increasingly studied in search for these compounds. Received in revised form 18 September 2014 With many species awaiting recognition and formal description this family currently consists of five genera and Accepted 18 September 2014 the systematics at the species-level taxonomy is, however, not yet fully understood. We provide a bibliographic Available online 28 September 2014 review of the triterpene glycosides that has been reported within the Holothuriidae and analyzed the relationship of certain compounds with the presence of Cuvierian tubules. We found 40 species belonging to four genera and Keywords: Cuvierian tubules 121 compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure, Diversity, and Distribution Patterns of Sea Cucumber
    Community structure, diversity, and distribution patterns of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) in the coral reef area of Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, Indonesia 1Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, 2Husamah, 2Samsun Hadi, 1Ainur Rofieq, 2Poncojari Wahyono 1 Biology Education, Postgraduate Directorate, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 2 Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding author: A. Rahardjanto, [email protected] Abstract. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are one of the high value marine products, with populations under very critical condition due to over exploitation. Data and information related to the condition of sea cucumber communities, especially in remote islands, like the Sapeken Islands, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aimed to determine the species, community structure (density, frequency, and important value index), species diversity index, and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers found in the reef area of Sapeken Islands, using a quantitative descriptive study. This research was conducted in low tide during the day using the quadratic transect method. Data was collected by making direct observations of the population under investigation. The results showed that sea cucumbers belonged to 11 species, from 2 orders: Aspidochirotida, with the species Holothuria hilla, Holothuria fuscopunctata, Holothuria impatiens, Holothuria leucospilota, Holothuria scabra, Stichopus horrens, Stichopus variegates, Actinopyga lecanora, and Actinopyga mauritiana and order Apodida, with the species Synapta maculata and Euapta godeffroyi. The density ranged from 0.162 to 1.37 ind m-2, and the relative density was between 0.035 and 0.292 ind m-2. The highest density was found for H. hilla and the lowest for S.
    [Show full text]
  • Equinodermos Del Caribe Colombiano II: Echinoidea Y Holothuroidea Holothuroidea
    Holothuroidea Echinoidea y Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Holothuroidea Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea Autores Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez Milena Benavides Serrato Christian Michael Diaz Sanchez Revisores: Alejandra Martínez Melo Francisco Solís Marín Juan José Alvarado Figuras: Giomar Borrero, Christian Díaz y Milena Benavides. Fotografías: Andia Chaves-Fonnegra Angelica Rodriguez Rincón Francisco Armando Arias Isaza Christian Diaz Director General Erika Ortiz Gómez Giomar Borrero Javier Alarcón Jean Paul Zegarra Jesús Antonio Garay Tinoco Juan Felipe Lazarus Subdirector Coordinación de Luis Chasqui Investigaciones (SCI) Luis Mejía Milena Benavides Paul Tyler Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center Sandra Rincón Cabal Sven Zea Subdirector Recursos y Apoyo a la Todd Haney Investigación (SRA) Valeria Pizarro Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution David A. Alonso Carvajal Fotografía de la portada: Christian Diaz. Coordinador Programa Biodiversidad y Fotografías contraportada: Christian Diaz, Luis Mejía, Juan Felipe Lazarus, Luis Chasqui. Ecosistemas Marinos (BEM) Mapas: Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información LabSIS-Invemar. Paula Cristina Sierra Correa Harold Mauricio Bejarano Coordinadora Programa Investigación para la Gestión Marina y Costera (GEZ) Cítese como: Borrero-Pérez G.H., M. Benavides-Serrato y C.M. Diaz-San- chez (2012) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echi- noidea y Holothuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales Constanza Ricaurte Villota de Invemar No. 30. Santa Marta, 250 p. Coordinadora Programa Geociencias Marinas (GEO) ISBN 978-958-8448-52-7 Diseño y Diagramación: Franklin Restrepo Marín. Luisa Fernanda Espinosa Coordinadora Programa Calidad Ambiental Impresión: Marina (CAM) Marquillas S.A. Palabras clave: Equinodermos, Caribe, Colombia, Taxonomía, Biodiversidad, Mario Rueda Claves taxonómicas, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Diversity in the Intestine of Sea Cucumber Stichopus Japonicus
    Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Item Type article Authors Gao, M.L.; Hou, H.M.; Zhang, G.L.; Liu, Y.; Sun, L.M. Download date 29/09/2021 15:37:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/37808 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 16(1)318-325 2017 Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus * Gao M.L.; Hou H.M. ; Zhang G.L.; Liu Y.; Sun L.M. Received: May 2015 Accepted: August 2016 Abstract The intestinal bacterial diversity of Stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) clone library and Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. The coverage of the library was 77.4%, with approximately 88.7% of the sequences affiliated to Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria and Vibrio sp. were the predominant groups in the intestine of S. japonicus. Some bacteria such as Legionella sp., Brachybacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Propionigenium sp. and Psychrobacter sp were first identified in the intestine of sea cucumber. Keywords: Intestinal bacterial diversity, 16S rDNA, PCR-DGGE, Sequencing, Stichopus japonicus School of Food Science and Technology- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China * Corresponding author's Email:[email protected] 319 Gao et al., Bacterial diversity in the intestine of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicas Introduction In this paper, 16S rDNA clone Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is library analysis approaches and one of the most important holothurian PCR-DGGE fingerprinting of the 16S species in coastal fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria Leucospilota and Stichopus Vastus from Lampung, Indonesia
    marine drugs Article Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus from Lampung, Indonesia Joko T. Wibowo 1,2,* , Matthias Y. Kellermann 1, Dennis Versluis 1 , Masteria Y. Putra 2 , Tutik Murniasih 2, Kathrin I. Mohr 3, Joachim Wink 3, Michael Engelmann 4,5, Dimas F. Praditya 4,5,6, Eike Steinmann 4,5 and Peter J. Schupp 1,7,* 1 Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] (M.Y.K.); [email protected] (D.V.) 2 Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, Jl. Pasir Putih Raya 1, Pademangan, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia; [email protected] (M.Y.P.); [email protected] (T.M.) 3 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; [email protected] (K.I.M.); [email protected] (J.W.) 4 TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover. Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany; [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (D.F.P.); [email protected] (E.S.) 5 Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany 6 Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia 7 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.T.W.); [email protected] (P.J.S.); Tel.: +49(0)4421 (J.T.W.); +944-100 (P.J.S.) Received: 8 October 2019; Accepted: 6 November 2019; Published: 8 November 2019 Abstract: In order to minimize re-discovery of already known anti-infective compounds, we focused our screening approach on understudied, almost untapped marine environments including marine invertebrates and their associated bacteria.
    [Show full text]