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Five New Species of Astroblepid Fish for Colombian Andes

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Five New Species of Astroblepid Fish for Colombian Andes Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas CINCO NUEVAS ESPECIES DE PECES ASTROBLÉPIDOS PARA LOS ANDES COLOMBIANOS FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ASTROBLEPID FISH FOR COLOMBIAN ANDES Carlos A. Ardila Rodríguez1 1. Universidad Metropolitana, Barranquilla, Colombia, E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: Octubre 10 de 2015 Aceptado: Octubre 20 de 2015 *Correspondencia del autor: [email protected] RESUMEN Se describen cinco nuevas especies de Astroblepus para los Departamentos de Santander, Nariño y Putumayo – Colombia. Se distinguen de los otros Astroblepus conocidos por su aleta adiposa que en A. bellezaensis y A. mo- jicai, tienen una membrana adiposa bien desarrollada, sin trazas de espina. A. ardiladuartei con una aleta adiposa obsoleta. A. nettoferreirai por tener una espina denticulada inmersa en la aleta adiposa. A. putumayoensis por poseer una espina movible, conectada al pedúnculo caudal con una membrana en la aleta adiposa. Con 6 radios blandos ramifi cados, asociados al tercer radial en A. bellezaensis, con 7 radios blandos en A. mojicai – A. ardi- laduartei – A. putumayoensis y 8 radios blandos en A. nettoferreirai. El premaxilar con 1 – 3 dientes bicúspides y 8-12 cónicos en la hilera externa en A. bellezaensis; 2-5 dientes bicúspides y 5 – 11 en la hilera externa de A. mojicai; 0 – 1 dientes bicúspides y 6 – 10 cónicos en la hilera externa de A. ardiladuartei; 1 – 2 dientes bicúspides y 6 – 11 cónicos en la hilera externa en A. nettoferreirai; 1-5 dientes bicúspides y 4-6 cónicos y la hilera externa de A. putumayoensis. 21 – 22 vértebras libres en A. putumayoensis, 24 vértebras en A. ardiladuartei, 26 vértebras en A. bellezaensis y A. mojicai, 27 vértebras en A. nettoferreirai. Palabras claves: Astroblepidae, Taxonomía, Morfología, peces neotropicales. 124 Rev. Asoc. Col. Cienc.(Col.), 27: 124-135; 2015 Cinco nuevas especies de peces Astroblépidos. Ardila ABSTRACT We describe here fi ve new species of Astroblepus for the Santander, Nariño and Putumayo Departments – Colom- bia. These fi sh differentiate from other known as Astroblepus due to its adipose fi n, which in A. bellezaensis and A. mojicai have a completely developed adipose membrane, without spine traces. A. ardiladuartei has an obsolete adipose fi n; a. nettoferreirai has a denticulated spine within the adipose fi n; A. putumayoensis has a movable spine connected to the caudal peduncle with a membrane in adipose fi n. A. belezaensis has 6 branched soft radii asso- ciated to third radial; A. mojicai has 7 soft radii; and the same happens in A. ardiladuartei and A. putumayoensis; A nettoferreirai has 8 soft radii. A bellezaensis has the premaxillary with 1 – 3 bicuspid teeth and 8 – 12 conic teeth in external row; A. mojicai has 2-5 bicuspid teeth and 5-11 conic teeth in external row; A. ardiladuartei has 0 - 1 bicuspid teeth and 6 – 10 conic teeth in external row; A. nettoferrreirrai has 1 - 2 bicuspid teeth and 6 – 11 conic teeth in external row; A. putumayoensis has 1 - 5 bicuspid teeth and 4 – 6 conic teeth in external row. A. putumayoensis has 21 – 22 free vertebrae; A. ardiladuartei has 24 vertebrae, A. bellezaensis and A. mojicai have 26 vertebrae, and 27 in A. nettoferrreirai. Keywords: Astroblepidae, Taxonomy, Morphology, neotropical fi shes Introducción. bellezaensis. Catorce ejemplares de A. mojicai. Quin- ce ejemplares de A. ardiladuartei. Veintidos ejemplares La familia Astroblepidae comprende un grupo de peque- de A. nettoferreirae. Diecisiete ejemplares de A. pu- ños bagres con boca succionadora, distribuidos desde tumayensis, fueron colectados en los departamentos de Panamá, Colombia y Venezuela en el norte, hasta Ecua- Santander, Nariño y Putumayo. Diafanizados y teñi- dor, Perú y Bolivia en el sur. La distribución de las espe- dos, siguiendo el procedimiento descrito por Taylor y cies de Astroblepidae está restringida a cursos de agua Van Dyke (1985). Los conteos de vértebras no inclu- de la Cordillera de los Andes y sus estribaciones, entre yen las que hacen parte del aparato de Weber y de los los 100 y 4600 metros de altitud, con mayor frecuencia centros compuestos PU1 y U1 del esqueleto caudal. La entre los 500-2000 metros, con un margen de tempera- nomenclatura osteológica siguió aquella utilizada en tura promedio de 15-24ºC (Schaefer & Arroyave 2010). el trabajo de Buitrago Suárez (1995). Los acrónimos institucionales siguen aquellos referenciados en Mal- En la actualidad se reconoce un sólo género válido y donado Ocampo et. al. (2005) y Sabaj Pérez (2010). 76 especies nominales. (Meek 1916, Schaefer 2003, Fe- rraris 2007, Briñez 2011, Ardila Rodríguez 2011-2012- Resultados 2013-2014). Para Colombia se han descrito hasta la pre- Astroblepus bellezaensis sp.nov. sente 36 especies y de éstas 32 tienen su localidad tipo (Figura. 3A, Tabla 1.) en el país (Eigenmann 1924, Schultz 1944, Miles 1971, Dahl 1971, Buitrago 1995, Mojica 1999, Schaefer 2003, Holotipo: CAR625 (hembra: 94,1 mm L.E.). Colom- Briñez 2004, Rubio 2008, Maldonado-Ocampo 2005, bia, Departamento de Santander. Quebrada La Quitaz, 2008, Briñez 2011, Ardila Rodríguez 2011-2012-2013- vereda Cachipayal. Municipio La Belleza; 21 de enero 2014-2015). El objetivo de esta investigación es descri- de 2012. Col: Carlos Ardila Rodríguez. bir cinco especies nuevas proveniente de los Departa- mentos de Santander, Nariño y Putumayo - Colombia. Paratipos: CAR552, 3 (85,7 – 107,3 mm L.E.), un ma- cho (103,9 mm L.E.) diafanizado y teñido. Materiales y Métodos: Los ejemplares examinados, IAvH-P 13.210, 1 (85,7 mm L.E.), todos colectados jun- pertenecen a la Colección Ictiológica Carlos Ardila Ro- to con el holotipo. dríguez (CAR), Barranquilla, Colombia. Se depositaron ejemplares en la colección de la Unidad de Ictiología, Diagnosis. Astroblepus bellezaensis sp.nov., se recono- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional ce entre las otras especies del género Astroblepus por su de Colombia, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. (IC- aleta adiposa, que es una membrana bien desarrollada NMHN), Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH-P) que se extiende desde el inicio del último radio dor- de Villa de Leyva – Boyacá. Cuatro ejemplares de A. sal hasta la caudal, sin trazas de una espina. La región 125 Rev. Asoc. Col. Cienc.(Col.), 27: 124-135; 2015 Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas central de la cabeza es de un color pardo, sus bordes terior. Cabeza deprimida, de forma triangular en vista laterales tienen un fondo amarillo con manchas irre- dorsal, su mayor anchura a nivel de la región opercular. gulares pardas, ojos negros. Disco bucal grande (16,7 Ojos pequeños y redondos, sin margen libre, cubiertos – 20,5 mm). Región lateral del cuerpo y aleta adiposa por piel y localizados en posición dorsal, más cerca del con fondo amarillo y manchas irregulares pardas. Ale- opérculo. El disco bucal es grande con una entrada pe- ta caudal con una banda vertical ancha de color pardo queña en la parte inferior, la superfi cie del labio inferior oscuro en la base y los radios con rayas irregulares de está cubierta de pequeñas papilas diminutas y su mar- color pardo; los primeros radios simples son iguales y gen posterior es liso. Labio superior carnoso con nume- un poco prolongados, abdomen de color pardo claro. rosas papilas diminutas. Membranas branquiales unidas al istmo solo en el extremo anterior. Barbilla maxilar Descripción. Especie de bagre astroblépido de tamaño sobrepasa el disco bucal. La cabeza está cubierta de grande (ejemplar más grande de 107,3 mm L.E). Los pequeñas papilas que se distribuyen en todo el cuerpo. datos morfométricos de los ejemplares examinados se La cabeza es un poco más ancha que larga. La longitud encuentran en la Tabla 1. Región predorsal del cuerpo de los radios no ramifi cados en la aleta dorsal, pecto- semicurva. Pedúnculo caudal menos alto en la parte pos- ral, pélvica, un poco mayor que los radios ramifi cados. 126 Rev. Asoc. Col. Cienc.(Col.), 27: 124-135; 2015 Cinco nuevas especies de peces Astroblépidos. Ardila Premaxilar con 3 hileras de dientes bicúspides en la par- pélvica i,4(8); origen de la aleta dorsal anterior a la te interna; la más externa con 1 a 3 dientes bicúspides mitad de la longitud estándar. Radios de la aleta dorsal y 8 - 12 cónicos. El proceso dorsal es largo y puntiagu- i,6(8), con carnosidad en su base; radios de la aleta anal do. La forma del premaxilar vista dorsalmente es rec- i,6(8), con una pequeña carnosidad en su base. Aleta tangular. El área semicircular del proceso anterior del caudal emarginada; radios de la aleta i,11,i(4), 2 radios dentario es larga y semicurva, dando lugar a 27 dientes procurrentes dorsales y 2 radios procurrentes ventrales. internos bicúspides, 12 a 13 dientes externos bicúspides Columna vertebral con las primeras 10 costillas asocia- ubicados en forma irregular y más grandes que los in- das, 26 vértebras libres. La distancia predorsal llega al ternos; el proceso ascendente es semicurvo con la punta inicio de la aleta pélvica. En todos los ejemplares, los ló- anterior más alta y corta en la posterior, la región lateral bulos, superior e inferior de la aleta caudal son iguales. del ángulo articular es curva.(Figura. 2A). La base de la aleta pectoral presenta una carnosidad; radios de la aleta Etimología. El epíteto específi co bellezaensis, pectoral i,9(6) – i,10(2). El tercer radial sostiene 6 radios es un homenaje del autor al municipio de La Be- blandos en el ejemplar diafanizado, la región dorsal del lleza, Departamento de Santander – Colombia. cleitro es recta. La cintura pélvica con margen recto, su margen anterior nace en la vertical del origen de la aleta Distribución. Astroblepus bellezaensis sp. nov., dorsal y sobrepasa la apertura anal, radios de la aleta se conoce sólo en su localidad tipo.
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