DOCSLIB.ORG

The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2005 A River for War, a Watershed to Change: The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II William Wade Drumright University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Drumright, William Wade, "A River for War, a Watershed to Change: The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2005. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4321 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by William Wade Drumright entitled "A River for War, a Watershed to Change: The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Robert J. Norrell, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: William Bruce Wheeler, Kurt Piehler, Charles S. Aiken Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by William Wade Drumright entitled "A River for War, a Watershed to Change: The Tennessee Valley Authority During World War II." I have examined the finalpaper copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Acceptance for the Council: � .. Graduate Studies A RIVER FOR WAR, A WATERSHED TO CHANGE: THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY DURING WORLD WAR II A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville William Wade Drumright May 2005 Copyright © 2005 by William Wade Drumright All rights reserved ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Helen A. and the late Claude E. "Bud" Drumright, and to my sister and brother, Tamara J. and Elliott E. Drumright. A part of all of them is contained in this work. Lastly, this dissertation is especially dedicated to my spouse, Patricia "Patti" Drumright. Through her steadfast love, support, and encouragement, this work is as much hers as it is mine. 111 Acknowledgements I wish to thank all of those who helped me complete my Doctor of Philosophy degree in History. I would like to thank Dr. Robert Norrell forhis professional guidance and support and thanks to Drs. William Bruce Wheeler, Kurt Piehler, and Charles Aiken forserving on my committee, and fortheir helpfulcomments and ideas. Special thanks are due to Dr. Paul Bergeron, Professor Emeritus of History, The University of Tennessee, for both his insights and encouragement during my graduate school tenure, and to Dr. Benjamin Severance, professorof History at AuburnUniversity/Montgomery and the finestfriend and colleague a fellowhistorian could ever have. I especially wish to thank Dr. Margaret Ripley Wolfe, Professorof History at East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee. Largely because of her mentorship and generous sharing of her professionalexpertise, I daily experience the infinitegood fortuneof working as a professionalhistorian. IV Abstract This dissertation examines how the Tennessee Valley Authority responded to, and was affectedby, the demands placed upon this agency by America's participation in the Second World War. Established by Congress in May 1933 at the behest of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Authority was charged with the physical alteration and rehabilitation, and the economic revitalization of the Tennessee River basin and watershed. These tasks included making the river suitable forship and barge navigation; achieving floodcontrol through a system of dams on the main river and its tributaries; and producing, transmitting, and selling electric power. During the period covered in this study, fromautumn of 1938 through the end of the war, TVA played a vital role in the war effort. In doing this, the Authority accomplished most of its inaugural mandate while protecting itself fromcongressional proscription and abolition. As one of the three main Allied nations, the United States became the primary supplier of the munitions, armaments, and materiel necessary to defeatthe Axis Powers. To achieve this, the United States needed electrical power on an unprecedented scale and the Authority, by expanding its existing system, was well­ placed to help provide this output. Between 1940 and 1945, TVA built seven dams and a steam-generating plant, and installed eleven hydroelectric units at various existing dams. With this increased capacity, the Authority generated 46.7 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, with 75 percent of this total going to such war production and products as making aluminum, manufacturingaircraft, and creating the specialized uranium forthe atomic bomb. V When it came to socioeconomic matters, however, the Authority had a mixed record. Wartime realities spurred the growth of a movement for racial justice in a region based upon the cornerstonesof white supremacy and segregation. TVA, consequently, continued to acquiesce to the South's racial mores and customs-a choice that had both practical and moral ramifications. Massive federalspending, meanwhile, aided the South's wartime and postwar economic rise. Externalfactors and internalrealities, however, constrained the Authority's attempts to shape both the nature and direction of this growth. vi Table of Contents Chapter One Introduction 1 Chapter Two Preparing for War 23 Chapter Three TVA 's Contributions to the War Effort 66 Chapter Four TheDouglas Dam Controversy 89 Chapter Five Resisting Wartime Opposition 116 Chapter Six Racial and Socioeconomic Realities 144 Chapter Seven Planning for the Postwar Period 179 Chapter Eight Conclusion 202 Bibliography 218 Vita 230 Vll Chapter One Introduction May 2003 marked the seventieth anniversary of the Tennessee Valley Authority. 1 Formed by Congress during the firstone hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, this public corporation was charged with the physical alteration and rehabilitation and the economic revitalization of the Tennessee River basin and watershed. This area, four-fifths the size of England, covered parts of seven states and contained some of the poorest sections of a nation laid low by the Great Depression.2 During a trip to Alabama in January 1933, President-elect Roosevelt visited Wilson Dam, a federalproject built during World War I at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, on the Tennessee River. The historian David M. Kennedy notes that Roosevelt ''was struck by the sight and sound of the foaming waters roaring unused over its massive spillways. In the vast surrounding valley of the Tennessee, families nightly lit their cabins with kerosene lamps and cooked on wood stoves. To Roosevelt, the contrast was intolerable."3 TV A's formative years, 1933 to 1945, occurred amid the crises of the Depression and the Second World War. Of these events, historians' and non- 1 Throughout this work, the terms TVA and the Authority refer to the Tennessee Valley Authority. 2George B. Tindall, The Emergence of the New South, 1913-1945 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967), 446-47. See also Don McBride, 1VA and the National Defense (Knoxville: Tennessee Valley Authority, 1975), I: ''The Tennessee River watershed is a 40,910- square-mile area encompassing parts of seven states-Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky." Richard Lowitt refers to the plight of such areas as east Tennessee, southwest Virginia, western North Carolina, northwest Georgia, north Alabama, and northwest Mississippi in "The TVA, 1933-45," in Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., 1VA: Fifty Years of Grass-Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), 35-65. As Lowitt notes on page 37, this area "was possibly the poorest part of the poorest region in the nation at that time." 3 David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 147-48. historians' interest in World War II burgeoned in the 1990s. The fiftiethanniversary in 1995 of the war's end and the release of archival records that forcedreassessment of various wartime events and issues are two factorsswelling the tide of this topic. Just as important is the urgency to capture the remembrances of members of the wartime generation before they die. 4 In the current decade, meanwhile, December 7, 2001, marked the sixtieth anniversary of Japan's attack upon Pearl Harbor. Its importance was further embellished in relation to the September 11, 2001, bombings in New York City and Washington, D.C. In explaining these attacks upon American soil, politicians, journalists, commentators, and historians compared the terrorists' assaults to the event
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Closer Look at Argus Books' 1930 the Lives of the Twelve Caesars
    In the Spirit of Suetonius: A Closer Look at Argus Books’ 1930 The Lives of the Twelve Caesars Gretchen Elise Wright Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Duke University 13 April 2020 An honors thesis submitted to the Duke Classical Studies Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with distinction for a Bachelor of Arts in Classical Civilizations. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Chapter I. The Publisher and the Book 7 Chapter II. The Translator and Her “Translation” 24 Chapter III. “Mr. Papé’s Masterpiece” 40 Conclusion 60 Illustrations 64 Works Cited 72 Other Consulted Works 76 Wright 1 Acknowledgements First and foremost, this project would never have existed without the vision and brilliance of Professor Boatwright. I would like to say thank you for her unwavering encouragement, advice, answers, and laughter, and for always making me consider: What would Agrippina do? A thousand more thanks to all the other teachers from whom I have had the honor and joy of learning, at Duke and beyond. I am so grateful for your wisdom and kindness over the years and feel lucky to graduate having been taught by all of you. My research would have been incomplete without the assistance of the special collections libraries and librarians I turned to in the past year. Thank you to the librarians at the Beinecke and Vatican Film Libraries, and of course, to everyone in the Duke Libraries. I could not have done this without you! I should note that I am writing these final pages not in Perkins Library or my campus dormitory, but in self-isolation in my childhood bedroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9 Water Resources
    Chapter 9 Water Resources 9.1 River Basin Hydrologic Units Under the federal system, the Hiwassee River basin is made up of hydrologic areas referred to as cataloging units (USGS 8-digit hydrologic units). Cataloging units are further divided into smaller watershed units (14-digit hydrologic units or local watersheds) that are used for smaller scale planning like that done by NCEEP (Chapter 11). There are 22 local watershed units in the basin, all of which are listed in Table 13. Table 13 Hydrologic Subdivisions in the Hiwassee River Basin USGS Watershed Name USGS DWQ Subbasin 8-Digit and 14-Digit Hydrologic Units 6-Digit Codes Hydrologic Major Tributaries Local Watersheds* Units Hiwassee River 04-05-01 and 04-05-02 06020002 050010, 050020, 060010, 070010, 071010, Chatuge Lake 04-05-01 090010, 100050, 090020, 100010, 100020, Hiwassee Lake, Apalachia Lake 04-05-02 100030, 100040, 110010, 170010, 170020, Valley River, Nottely River 04-05-02 170030, 180010, 180020, 180030, 210010 Ocoee Drainage 04-05-02 06020003 030010, 100010 • Numbers from the 8-digit and 14-digit column make the full 14-digit HU. 9.2 Minimum Streamflow Conditions may be placed on dam operations specifying mandatory minimum releases in order to maintain adequate quantity and quality of water in the length of a stream affected by an impoundment. One of the purposes of the Dam Safety Law is to ensure maintenance of minimum streamflows below dams. The Division of Water Resources (DWR), in conjunction with the Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC), recommends conditions related to release of flows to satisfy minimum instream flow requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Report by Professor Richard Evans (2000)
    Expert Report by Professor Richard Evans (2000) IRVING VS. (1) LIPSTADT AND (2) PENGUIN BOOKS EXPERT WITNESS REPORT BY RICHARD J. EVANS FBA Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge Warning: This title page does not belong to the original report. The original report starts on the second page which is to be considered page number 1. IRVING VS. (1) LIPSTADT AND (2) PENGUIN BOOKS EXPERT W ITNESS REPORT BY RICHARD J. EVANS FBA Professor of Modern History, University of Cambridge Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose of this Report 3 1.2 Material Instructions 4 1.3 Author of the Report 4 1.4 Curriculum vitae 9 1.5 Methods used to draw up this Report 14 1.6 Argument and structure of the Report 19 2. Irving the historian 26 2.1 Publishing career 26 2.2 Qualifications 28 2.3 Professional historians and archival research 29 2.4 Documents and sources 35 2.5 Reputation 41 2.6 Conclusion 64 3. Irving and Holocaust denial66 3.1 Definitions of ‘The Holocaust’ 67 3.2 Holocaust denial 77 3.3 The arguments before the court 87 (a) Lipstadt’s allegations and Irving’s replies 87 (b) The 1977 edition of Hitler’s War 89 (c) The 1991 edition of Hitler’s War 92 (d) Irving’s biography of Hermann Göring 100 (e) Conclusion 103 3.4 Irving and the central tenets of Holocaust denial 106 (a) Numbers of Jews killed 106 (b) Use of gas chambers 126 (c) Systematic nature of the extermination 134 (d) Evidence for the Holocaust 140 (e) Conclusion 173 3.5 Connections with Holocaust deniers 174 (a) The Institute for Historical Review 174 (b) Other Holocaust deniers 190 3.6 Conclusion 200 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Social Issues with Film
    Teaching Social Issues with Film Teaching Social Issues with Film William Benedict Russell III University of Central Florida INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING, INC. Charlotte, NC • www.infoagepub.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russell, William B. Teaching social issues with film / William Benedict Russell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60752-116-7 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-60752-117-4 (hardcover) 1. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Audio-visual aids. 2. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Research. 3. Motion pictures in education. I. Title. H62.2.R86 2009 361.0071’2--dc22 2009024393 Copyright © 2009 Information Age Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface and Overview .......................................................................xiii Acknowledgments ............................................................................. xvii 1 Teaching with Film ................................................................................ 1 The Russell Model for Using Film ..................................................... 2 2 Legal Issues ............................................................................................ 7 3 Teaching Social Issues with Film
    [Show full text]
  • The Mind of Adolf Hitler: a Study in the Unconscious Appeal of Contempt
    [Expositions 5.2 (2011) 111-125] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Study in the Unconscious Appeal of Contempt EDWARD GREEN Manhattan School of Music How did the mind of Adolf Hitler come to be so evil? This is a question which has been asked for decades – a question which millions of people have thought had no clear answer. This has been the case equally with persons who dedicated their lives to scholarship in the field. For example, Alan Bullock, author of Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, and perhaps the most famous of the biographers of the Nazi leader, is cited in Ron Rosenbaum’s 1998 book, Explaining Hitler, as saying: “The more I learn about Hitler, the harder I find it to explain” (in Rosenbaum 1998, vii). In the same text, philosopher Emil Fackenheim agrees: “The closer one gets to explicability the more one realizes nothing can make Hitler explicable” (in Rosenbaum 1998, vii).1 Even an author as keenly perceptive and ethically bold as the Swiss philosopher Max Picard confesses in his 1947 book, Hitler in Ourselves, that ultimately he is faced with a mystery.2 The very premise of his book is that somehow the mind of Hitler must be like that of ourselves. But just where the kinship lies, precisely how Hitler’s unparalleled evil and the everyday workings of our own minds explain each other – in terms of a central principle – the author does not make clear. Our Deepest Debate I say carefully, as a dispassionate scholar but also as a person of Jewish heritage who certainly would not be alive today had Hitler succeeded in his plan for world conquest, that the answer Bullock, Fackenheim, and Picard were searching for can be found in the work of the great American philosopher Eli Siegel.3 First famed as a poet, Siegel is best known now for his pioneering work in the field of the philosophy of mind.4 He was the founder of Aesthetic Realism.5 In keeping with its name, this philosophy begins with a consideration of strict ontology.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Intellectual Culture
    History of Intellectual Culture www.ucalgary.ca/hic/ · ISSN 1492-7810 2001 God, Darwin, and Loyalty in America: The University of Tennessee and the Great Professor Trial of 19231 Kimberly Marinucci Abstract This article examines an academic freedom controversy at the University of Tennessee that led to the dismissals of seven faculty members. In the 1920s, evolution teaching in public education pitted the religious fundamentalists against advocates of science and intellectual freedom. The battle dramatized the meaning of these institutions as havens of democracy. In the 1920s, fears of Darwinism became intertwined with perceptions of citizenship and defi nitions of national loyalty. Events at this public university also highlight the politics of educational lead- ership. Finally, they foreshadow the dramatic courtroom showdown in 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee. The Scopes trial constitutes a defi ning historical moment of the twentieth century and symbolizes the resistance to cultural change. Such a treatment advances the current literature by highlighting the greater vulnerability of academic freedom at state institutions determined by economic dependence. As well, it incorporates developments at other institutions and the role of national higher education associations. Additional sources from the AAUP and the ACLU place Tennessee in the broader context of the cause of civil liberties. In 1922, Dr. Jesse Sprowls, Professor of Secondary Education at the University of Tennessee adopted James Harvey Robinson’s The Mind in the Making (1921) for a course he planned to teach. The text drew paral- lels between the mental development of humans and Darwin’s theory of evolution, the latter representing a loaded issue among state legislators who held the power of the purse over public university appropriations.
    [Show full text]
  • Watershed Water Quality Management Plan
    LOWER TENNESSEE RIVER WATERSHED-GROUP 4 (06020001) OF THE TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN WATERSHED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SECTION Presented to the people of the Lower Tennessee River Watershed by the Division of Water Pollution Control October 9, 2007. Prepared by the Chattanooga Environmental Field Office: Mark A. Barb Scott A. Howell Darryl Sparks Richard D. Urban And the Nashville Central Office, Watershed Management Section: Richard Cochran David Duhl Regan McGahen Josh Upham Jennifer Watson Sherry Wang, Manager LOWER TENNESSEE RIVER WATERSHED (GROUP 4) WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary Summary Chapter 1. Watershed Approach to Water Quality Chapter 2. Description of the Lower Tennessee River Watershed Chapter 3. Water Quality Assessment of the Lower Tennessee River Watershed Chapter 4. Point and Nonpoint Source Characterization of the Lower Tennessee River Watershed Chapter 5. Water Quality Partnerships in the Lower Tennessee River Watershed Chapter 6. Restoration Strategies Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Glossary GLOSSARY 1Q20. The lowest average 1 consecutive days flow with average recurrence frequency of once every 20 years. 30Q2. The lowest average 3 consecutive days flow with average recurrence frequency of once every 2 years. 7Q10. The lowest average 7 consecutive days flow with average recurrence frequency of once every 10 years. 303(d). The section of the federal Clean Water Act that requires a listing by states, territories, and authorized tribes of impaired waters, which do not meet the water quality standards that states, territories, and authorized tribes have set for them, even after point sources of pollution have installed the minimum required levels of pollution control technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunshine State
    SUNSHINE STATE A FILM BY JOHN SAYLES A Sony Pictures Classics Release 141 Minutes. Rated PG-13 by the MPAA East Coast East Coast West Coast Distributor Falco Ink. Bazan Entertainment Block-Korenbrot Sony Pictures Classics Shannon Treusch Evelyn Santana Melody Korenbrot Carmelo Pirrone Erin Bruce Jackie Bazan Ziggy Kozlowski Marissa Manne 850 Seventh Avenue 110 Thorn Street 8271 Melrose Avenue 550 Madison Avenue Suite 1005 Suite 200 8 th Floor New York, NY 10019 Jersey City, NJ 07307 Los Angeles, CA 9004 New York, NY 10022 Tel: 212-445-7100 Tel: 201 656 0529 Tel: 323-655-0593 Tel: 212-833-8833 Fax: 212-445-0623 Fax: 201 653 3197 Fax: 323-655-7302 Fax: 212-833-8844 Visit the Sony Pictures Classics Internet site at: http:/www.sonyclassics.com CAST MARLY TEMPLE................................................................EDIE FALCO DELIA TEMPLE...................................................................JANE ALEXANDER FURMAN TEMPLE.............................................................RALPH WAITE DESIREE PERRY..................................................................ANGELA BASSETT REGGIE PERRY...................................................................JAMES MCDANIEL EUNICE STOKES.................................................................MARY ALICE DR. LLOYD...........................................................................BILL COBBS EARL PICKNEY...................................................................GORDON CLAPP FRANCINE PICKNEY.........................................................MARY
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
    FHR-8-300 (11-78) United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name__________________ historic Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum Rolling Stock_____ and/or common Same ________________________________ 2. Location street & number 2202 N - Chamberlain not for publication city, town Chattanooga __ vicinity of____congressional district Third state Tennessee code 47______county Hamilton code °65 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use X district public occupied agriculture X museum building(s) X private X unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious X object in process yes: restricted government scientific being considered X yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, Inc, street & number P . 0 . Box 5263 2200 N. Chamberlain Avenue city, town Chattanooga vicinity of state Tennessee 37406 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Hamilton County Courthouse street & number Georgia Avenue city, town Chattanooga state Tennessee 37402 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title has this property been determined elegible? __ yes __ no date federal __ state __ county __ local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one X excellent X deteriorated unaltered original site _X_good ruins _X_ altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance -T\<^S';\-,^ 1•• I., ;c<L^v•» • «.£•,.„ 7' The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) Rolling Stock •Msiirict is composed of thirty-nine pieces of rolling stock owned by the T.V.R.M.
    [Show full text]
  • 110.00+Financial Statements.Xlsx
    FANNIN COUNTY, GEORGIA Annual Financial Report For the year ended December 31, 2016 This page intentionally left blank. FANNIN COUNTY, GEORGIA ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT For the year ended December 31, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXHIBIT PAGE FINANCIAL SECTION Independent Auditor's Report……………………………………………………………………………… 1-3 Management's Discussion and Analysis………………………………………………………………… 4-13 Basic Financial Statements: Government-wide Financial Statements: A-1 Statement of Net Position……………………………………………………………………………… 14-15 A-2 Statement of Activities………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Fund Financial Statements: Governmental Funds: A-3 Balance Sheet………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 A-4 Reconciliation of Governmental Funds Balance Sheet to the Statement of Net Position…… 18 A-5 Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances………………………… 19 A-6 Reconciliation of the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances of Governmental Funds to the Statement of Activities………………………………………… 20 A-7 General Fund - Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances - Budget and Actual…………………………………………………………………………………… 21-22 A-8 Excise Tax Lodging Special Revenue Fund - Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances - Budget and Actual………………………………………………… 23 Fiduciary Funds: A-9 Statement of Fiduciary Assets and Liabilities……………………………………………………… 24 A-10 Notes to the Financial Statements……………………………………………………………………… 25-65 Required Supplementary Information: B-1 Schedule of Changes in the Net Pension Liability
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Alkali-Silica Reactivity in Four Dams in the Southeastern United States
    REC-ERC-89-4 Denver Off ice July 1989 U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation .._. INVESTIGATION OF ALKALI-SILICA JULY 1989 REACTIVITY IN FOUR DAMS IN THE 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES D-3731 7. AUTHOR(S) 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. David Stark REC-ERC-89-4 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO. Construction Technology Laboratories 5420 Old Orchard Road 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. Skokie IL 60077 5-CP-81-06560 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Bureau of Reclamation Denver Office Denver CO 80225 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE DIBR 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Microfiche and hard copy available from Denver Office, Denver, Colorado. Ed:REC 6. ABSTRACT This investigation of the alkali-silica reactivity of four dams in the southeastern United States supplements a similar study on five dams in southwestern United States. The investigations involved an onsite inspection and laboratory studies of concrete cores. The investigative procedures included petrographic examination, relative humidity measurements, length changes of cores exposed to moist air at 100 OF and to sodium hydroxide solution, and osmotic cell measurements. A comparison or observations on the southeastern and the southwestern dams is made. The manifestations of distress due to the reaction are similar, and the effects of alkali content of the cement, different types of reactive aggregates, surface drying, and climate exposure conditions are noted. 7. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS . DESCR JPJORS-- *alkali-silica reactivity/ *alkali-aggregate reactions/ concrete/ concrete cores/ aggregates/ petrographic investigations/ concrete dam IDEN JIFfERS-- Fontana Dam, NC/ Hiwassee Dam, NC/ New Savanna Bluff Lock and Dam, GA/ Oliver Lock and Spillway, AL .
    [Show full text]
  • Take It to the Bank: Tennessee Bank Fishing Opportunities Was Licenses and Regulations
    Illustrations by Duane Raver/USFWS Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency ke2it2to2the2nkke2it2to2the2nk TennesseeTennessee bankbank fishingfishing opportunitiesopportunities Inside this guide Go fish!.......................................................................................1 Additional fishing opportunities and information..........6 Take it to the Bank: Tennessee Bank Fishing Opportunities was Licenses and regulations........................................................1 Additional contact agencies and facilities.....................6 produced by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Tennes- Bank fishing tips........................................................................2 Water release schedules..........................................................6 see Technological University’s Center for the Management, Utilization Black bass..................................................................................2 Fishing-related Web sites.................................................... ....6 and Protection of Water Resources under project 7304. Development Sunfish (bream).........................................................................2 How to read the access tables.................................................7 of this guide was financed in part by funds from the Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Crappie..................................................................3 Access table key........................................................................7 (Public Law 91-503) as documented
    [Show full text]