Stored Product Pests Daniel R
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Attract-And-Kill Methods for Control of Indianmeal Moth
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS By MANUEL CAMPOS-FIGUEROA Bachelor of Science in Entomology and Plant Pathology Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Chapingo, State of México, México 1996 Master of Science in Entomology Colegio de Postgraduados Montecillos, State of México, México 1999 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2009 ATTRACT-AND-KILL METHODS FOR CONTROL OF INDIANMEAL MOTH, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PHEROMONE-BASED CONTROL METHODS Dissertation Approved: Dr. Thomas W. Phillips Dissertation Adviser Dr. Mark E. Payton Dr. Jack W. Dillwith Dr. Brad Kard Dr. A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE I want to extend my gratitude to my major advisor and mentor Dr. Thomas W. Phillips for his time and support given to me during my Ph.D. studies. Also, I appreciate Dr. Phillips for considering me part of your research team. You are an example to follow, a great scientist, a great person and always looking for a solution. I am grateful with Dr. Jack W. Dillwith for being an excellent professor and committee member. Dr. Dillwith has always been very helpful and gave me good suggestions that improved this research. Thank you for being such a great support during all this time. -
Schools Integrated Pest Management (Ipm) for Wasps and Bees
SCHOOLS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) FOR WASPS AND BEES *Important Note* According to the Virginia Pesticide Control Act (Section 3.1-249.53), in order to apply ANY pesticide (including Raid, Round-Up, and other over-the-counter pesticides) in public areas of ANY educational institution, the applicator must first be certified by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. In other words, it is illegal for uncertified teachers, staff, administrators, or contractors to apply pesticides on school grounds. INTRODUCTION Bees and wasps experience “complete metamorphosis”. This means that they pass Wasps and bees are both beneficial and through four different life stages: egg, larva, problematic. Wasps, being predators, play pupa, and adult (see Figure 1). Individuals an important role in the control of other pest that are newly hatched are termed “larvae”. insects. Bees are essential pollinators of Larvae are blind and legless. After the plants and producers of products such as larval stage, they become pupae. The pupal honey and wax. Both vigorously defend stage is a non-feeding, immobile stage their nests and utilize stinging as their wherein the larvae transform into adults. primary defense mechanism. Although the Finally, the bees and wasps emerge from the sting of a bee or wasp is painful, it is usually pupae as fully developed adults. not life threatening. However, some individuals are extremely sensitive to the sting’s venom and may experience fatal allergic reactions. BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION Bees and wasps are grouped together into the same order of insects, Hymenoptera. For the purposes of this publication the term “wasps” refers to hornets, yellowjackets, paper wasps, mud daubers, digger wasps, cicada killers, and any other wasp species that frequently are a problem around structures. -
Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma Serricorne (F.) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Anobiidae)1 Brian J
EENY-227 Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Anobiidae)1 Brian J. Cabrera2 Introduction There are over 1000 described species of anobiids. Many are wood borers but two, the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), also known as the tobacco beetle, and the drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum (L.) are pests of stored products. Stored-product pests are responsible for tremendous damage and economic losses to post-harvest and stored grains and seeds, packaged food products, and animal and plant derived items and commodities. Besides causing direct damage by their feeding, they also elicit disgust, annoyance, and anger in those who find them infesting these products. The cigarette beetle is a commonly encountered stored-product pest in the home and has long been associated with humans -- some were found in dried resin from the tomb of Egyptian King Tutankhamun. Figure 1. Adult cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.). Distribution Credits: L.J. Buss, University of Florida The cigarette beetle is pan-tropical but can be found thorax when the beetle is viewed from above. The elytra worldwide -- especially wherever dried tobacco in the form (wing covers) are covered with fine hairs. When disturbed of leaves, cigars, cigarettes, or chewing tobacco is stored. they often pull in their legs, tuck their head and lay motion- less. They prefer to reside in dark or dimly lit cracks, nooks Description and Identification and crevices but become active and fly readily in bright, Adults open areas, probably in an attempt to find refuge. They are most active at dusk and will continue activity through the Cigarette beetles are quite small, measuring about 2 to 3 night. -
Biological Pest Control
■ ,VVXHG LQ IXUWKHUDQFH RI WKH &RRSHUDWLYH ([WHQVLRQ :RUN$FWV RI 0D\ DQG -XQH LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH 'LUHFWRU&RRSHUDWLYH([WHQVLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD02 ■DQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\$'$LQVWLWXWLRQ■■H[WHQVLRQPLVVRXULHGX AGRICULTURE Biological Pest Control ntegrated pest management (IPM) involves the use of a combination of strategies to reduce pest populations Steps for conserving beneficial insects Isafely and economically. This guide describes various • Recognize beneficial insects. agents of biological pest control. These strategies include judicious use of pesticides and cultural practices, such as • Minimize insecticide applications. crop rotation, tillage, timing of planting or harvesting, • Use selective (microbial) insecticides, or treat selectively. planting trap crops, sanitation, and use of natural enemies. • Maintain ground covers and crop residues. • Provide pollen and nectar sources or artificial foods. Natural vs. biological control Natural pest control results from living and nonliving Predators and parasites factors and has no human involvement. For example, weather and wind are nonliving factors that can contribute Predator insects actively hunt and feed on other insects, to natural control of an insect pest. Living factors could often preying on numerous species. Parasitic insects lay include a fungus or pathogen that naturally controls a pest. their eggs on or in the body of certain other insects, and Biological pest control does involve human action and the young feed on and often destroy their hosts. Not all is often achieved through the use of beneficial insects that predacious or parasitic insects are beneficial; some kill the are natural enemies of the pest. Biological control is not the natural enemies of pests instead of the pests themselves, so natural control of pests by their natural enemies; host plant be sure to properly identify an insect as beneficial before resistance; or the judicious use of pesticides. -
Preventing Pests and Pathogens in Honey Bee Colonies
BestBest ManagementManagement PracticesPractices toto PreventPrevent thethe SpreadSpread ofof PestsPests andand PathogensPathogens inin HoneybeeHoneybee ColoniesColonies Photos by Rob Snyder (used with permission) Many pest and disease problems in managed honeybee hives can be avoided by practic- ing good sanitation and cultural controls. Prevention is the first and best line of defense against organisms that can harm your colonies. Sanitation Tools should be sterilized with flame and scrubbed with isopropyl alcohol after working in or inspecting a hive. Avoid using other beekeeper’s tools that have not been properly cleaned. Clothing and gloves that are exposed to a hive where disease is suspected needs to be scrubbed and disinfected with 10% bleach solution or disposed. If not using gloves, rinse hands with rubbing alcohol then scrub with soap and water after working in a hive that appears to have been infected with disease. When disease is suspected, practice the previously mentioned steps between working hive to hive in the same beeyard. Cultural Controls When purchasing a bee colony, find out if the seller has been treating with antibiotics for patho- gens. Treated colonies could already be infected with disease, even in the absence of symptoms. Never switch frames from a box that is suspected to have pests and pathogens to a box without such problems. Do not purchase or accept used frames, boxes, or other beekeeping equipment that have not been inspected and certified by your county’s bee inspector. Boxes infected with American Foulbrood should be marked with the letters “AFB” followed by the year to prevent unintentional contamination. Equipment that has been infected with American Foulbrood must be treated or burned and buried. -
PESTS of STORED PRODUCTS a 'Pest of Stored Products' Can Refer To
PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS A ‘pest of stored products’ can refer to any organism that infests and damages stored food, books and documents, fabrics, leather, carpets, and any other dried or preserved item that is not used shortly after it is delivered to a location, or moved regularly. Technically, these pests can include microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, arthropods such as insects and mites, and vertebrates such as rodents and birds. Stored product pests are responsible for the loss of millions of dollars every year in contaminated products, as well as destruction of important documents and heritage artifacts in homes, offices and museums. Many of these pests are brought indoors in items that were infested when purchased. Others originate indoors when susceptible items are stored under poor storage conditions, or when stray individual pests gain access to them. Storage pests often go unnoticed because they infest items that are not regularly used and they may be very small in size. Infestations are noticed when the pests emerge from storage, to disperse or sometimes as a result of crowding or after having exhausted a particular food source, and search for new sources of food and harborage. Unexplained occurrences of minute moths and beetles flying in large numbers near stored items, or crawling over countertops, walls and ceilings, powdery residues below and surrounding stored items, and stale odors in pantries and closets can all indicate a possible storage pest infestation. Infestations in stored whole grains or beans can also be detected when these are soaked in water, and hollowed out seeds rise to the surface, along with the adult stages of the pests, and other debris. -
Inquiries of Entomophagy: Developing and Determining the Efficacy of Youth-Based Curriculum Dakota Vaccaro the University of Montana, [email protected]
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Undergraduate Theses and Professional Papers 2019 Inquiries of Entomophagy: Developing and Determining the Efficacy of Youth-Based Curriculum Dakota Vaccaro The University of Montana, [email protected] Kaitlyn Anderson The University of Montana, [email protected] Lauren Clark The University of Montana Ellie Gluhosky The University of Montana, [email protected] Sarah Lutch The University of Montana, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/utpp Recommended Citation Vaccaro, Dakota; Anderson, Kaitlyn; Clark, Lauren; Gluhosky, Ellie; Lutch, Sarah; and Lachman, Spencer, "Inquiries of Entomophagy: Developing and Determining the Efficacy of Youth-Based Curriculum" (2019). Undergraduate Theses and Professional Papers. 226. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/utpp/226 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses and Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Author Dakota Vaccaro, Kaitlyn Anderson, Lauren Clark, Ellie Gluhosky, Sarah Lutch, and Spencer Lachman This thesis is available at ScholarWorks at University of Montana: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/utpp/226 University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR) Inquiries of Entomophagy: Developing and Determining the Efficacy of Youth-Based Curriculum Dakota Vaccaro Kaitlyn Anderson Lauren Clark Ellie Gluhosky Sarah Lutch See next page for additional authors Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . -
STORGARD Insect Identification Poster
® IPM PARTNER® INSECT IDENTIFICATION GUIDE ® Name Photo Size Color Typical Favorite Attracted Geographic Penetrate Product Recommendation (mm) Life Cycle Food to Light Distribution Packages MOTHS Almond Moth 14-20 Gray 25-30 Dried fruit Yes General Yes, Cadra cautella days and grain larvae only STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Angoumois 28-35 Yes, Grain Moth 13-17 Buff days Whole grain Yes General larvae only Sitotroga cerealella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III Casemaking 30-60 Wool, natural Yes, Clothes Moth 11 Brownish days fibers and hair Yes General larvae only Tinea pellionella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III European Grain Moth 13-17 White & 90-300 Grain Yes Northern Yes, Nemapogon granellus brown days larvae only STORGARD® II STORGARD® III Copper Indianmeal Moth Broken or 8-10 red & silver 28-35 processed Yes General Yes, Plodia interpunctella days larvae only gray grain STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Mediterranean Gray & Flour and Flour Moth 10-15 30-180 processed Yes General Yes, black days larvae only Ephestia kuehniella cereal grain STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ (Mating Disruptant) Raisin Moth Drying and 12-20 Gray 32 days Yes General Yes, dried fruit larvae only Cadra figulilella STORGARD® II STORGARD® III CIDETRAK® IMM Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ Also available in QUICK-CHANGE™ -
Entomophagy As Bio-Prospecting
© 2018 JETIR February 2018, Volume 5, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) ENTOMOPHAGY AS BIO-PROSPECTING K. Ashok, K. Aravinth Raju 1. Student, B.Sc., (Ag),Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India 2. Student, B.Sc., (Ag), Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: Entomophagy is using insects as human food. Insect as food play an important role in new insect focus. Ants, bees, termites, caterpillars, water bugs, beetle larvae, flies, crickets, katydids, cicadas, and dragonfly naiads are among a long list of edible insects that provide for the people of Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, the Middle East, and the Far East. Insects represent an important food source for a wide variety of other animal species. By weight termites, grasshoppers, caterpillars, weevils, houseflies, and spiders are better sources of protein than beef, chicken, pork or lamb. The nutritional and economic value of edible insects is often neglected and we should further encourage their collection and commercialization, given the benefits to the environment and human health. It is an interesting concept, managing pest insects by developing them into a sought after delicacy. Keywords: Insectivory, Entomophagy, Traditional knowledge, Insect bio prospecting. Introduction: Bioprospecting is the collecting and cribbling of biological samples (plants, animals, microorganisms) and the collecting of indigenous knowledge to help in discovering genetic or biochemical resources. Bioprospecting is intended for economic purposes (e.g., new drugs, crops, industrial products). Many insects contributed on a regular basis to the Indian diet. Ants, bees, termites, caterpillars, water bugs, beetle larvae, flies, crickets, katydids, cicadas, and dragonfly nymphs are among a long list of edible insects that provide nutrition for the people of Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, the Middle East, and the Far East. -
Entomological Warfare- an Overview
https://krishiscience.in/ Mawtham et al., 2020 KS-1558 Popular article ENTOMOLOGICAL WARFARE- AN OVERVIEW M. M. Mawtham* and C. Gailce Leo Justin1 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, Tamil Nadu, India 1Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirappalli-620027, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: Aug 30, 2020; Accepted: Oct 22, 2020 Introduction Entomological Warfare (EW) is a type of Biological Warfare (BW) that uses insects as war weapons, tools of terrorism and creating nuisance from ancient period to modern period. Minimum 12 insect orders have been used as biological weapon, which are classified into three categories based on damages viz., direct and indirect. In the first category, insect toxins were weaponized, particularly in Hymenoptera to inflict pain to assailants and second category involves use of insect as pests of agricultural crops which cause severe economic damage. In the third, disease transmitting insect vectors like Anopheles mosquitoes (transmitting malaria), etc. were used. Insect borne pathogens of humans, livestock and agricultural crops constituted more risk in bioterrorism. In the 14th century, Asia Minor plague transmitted through fleas (Black Death) was one of the earliest events of using insect as biological weapons during World War II (Chaudhry et al., 2017). This paper clearly discusses the ways in which insects have been used as biological warfare. Ancient and modern history Ancient people know about using insects as weapons to attack and to protect themselves from enemies, where hornet was used to dislodge entrenched enemies. In Persian practice, dipteran flies were used to torture prisoner, by forcing the flies to cause diarrhoea until the enemies succumbed to myiasis and septic. -
4 Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Insects in Processed Commodities
4 Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Insects in Processed Commodities Rizana M. Mahroof David W. Hagstrum Most insects found in storage facilities consume Red flour beetle, Tribolium commodities, but some feed on mold growing castaneum (Herbst) on stored products. Others may be predators and parasitoids. Insects that attack relatively dry pro- Red flour beetle adults (Figure 1) are reddish brown. cessed commodities (those with about 10% or more Eggs are oblong and white. Adults show little moisture content at 15 to 42oC) can cause signifi- preference for cracks or crevices as oviposition sites. cant weight losses during storage. Insects occur in Eggshells are coated with a sticky substance that aids flour mills, rice mills, feed mills, food processing in attaching the eggs to surfaces and causes small facilities, breakfast and cereal processing facilities, particles to adhere to them (Arbogast 1991). Larvae farm storages, grain bins, grain elevators, bakeries, are yellowish white with three pair of thoracic legs. warehouses, grocery stores, pet-food stores, herbari- ums, museums, and tobacco curing barns. Economic Typically, there are six to seven larval instars, losses attributed to insects include not only weight depending on temperature and nutrition. Larvae loss of the commodity, but also monitoring and pest move away from light, living concealed in the food. management costs and effects of contamination on Full-grown larvae move to the food surface or seek product trade name reputation. shelter for pupation. Pupae are white and exarate, which means that appendages are not fused to the body. External genitalic characters on pupae can be Life Histories used to differentiate males and females (Good 1936). -
Indianmeal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 Thomas R
EENY-026 Indianmeal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1 Thomas R. Fasulo and Marle A. Knox2 Introduction Larvae The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is a There are five to seven larval instars. Their color is usually very common household pest, feeding principally on stored off-white, but has been observed to be pink, brown, or food products. In fact, it has been called the most impor- almost greenish, depending on the food source. The mature tant pest of stored products commonly found in American larvae are about 1.27 cm in length. They have five pairs of homes or grocery stores. The larvae are general feeders, well-developed prolegs that help them move considerable which may feed on grain products, seeds, dried fruit, dog distances to pupate. food, and spices. The Indianmeal moth received its com- mon name from the United States where it was found to be a pest of meal made of “Indian corn” or maize. Distribution This insect is found in a wide range of climates in stored products and food storage facilities around the world. It is very common in Florida, where it also lives successfully outdoors. Description Eggs Eggs of the Indianmeal moth appear grayish-white and range in length from 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Eggs are oviposited singly or in clusters, and are generally laid directly on the larval food source. Figure 1. Larva of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). Credits: Lyle Buss, UF/IFAS 1. This document is EENY-026, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension.