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Vaisala News175 / 2007 Vaisala News175 / 2007 Maintaining harvest fresh apples - Controlled Atmosphere storage requires accurate carbon dioxide measurements Producing oxygen for some serious “paperwork” - Vaisala contributes to a trouble- free air separation process Watch your home like a hawk - WeatherHawk home automation solutions incorporate Vaisala’s weather measurement know-how Bringing out the beauty of wood - Veneer drying with humidity control Contents Vaisala in Brief – We develop, manufacture 3 Business not as usual and market products and ser- vices for environmental and 4 Maintaining harvest fresh apples industrial measurements. 6 Keep it cool – Th e purpose of these mea- surements is to provide a 8 A perfect combination of old and new basis for a better quality of life, cost savings, environmental 9 Extend your measurement range protection, improved safety and better performance. 11 A breath of fresh air Controlled Atmosphere (CA) – We focus on market seg- storage is a widely used tech- 12 Producing oxygen for some serious “paperwork” ments where we can be the nique for long-term storage of world leader, the preferred freshly picked fruits and vegeta- supplier. We put a high pri- bles. Page 4. 14 Clean beach, happy swimmers ority on customer satisfac- 15 Watch your home like a hawk tion and product leadership. We secure our competitive 17 Bringing out the beauty of wood advantage through econo- mies of scale and scope. 19 Vaisala engineers a solution 20 Cool down, the environmental way Cover photo: Shutterstock 23 Coping even with chemical interference Editor-in-Chief: 24 Detect moisture in oil Home automation has evolved Marikka Nevamäki over the past 15 years from 28 Small device - big performance remote lighting and audio/visual controls to very sophisticated Publisher: total environment home control 29 Strong under pressure Vaisala Oyj systems. Page 15. P.O. Box 26 30 Briefl y noted FI-00421 Helsinki FINLAND Phone (int.): + 358 9 894 91 With today’s growing focus on Telefax: global warming and the need + 358 9 8949 2227 to reduce energy consumption, evaporative cooling needs to be revisited as an important cooling Internet: alternative. Page 20. www.vaisala.com Design and Artwork: Sampo Korkeila Printed in Finland by: SP-Paino ISSN 1238-2388 2 | Vaisala News 175 / 2 0 07 President’s column Business not as usual With today’s growing focus on the need reporting some concrete cooperation to reduce energy consumption, energy- success stories in the near future. efficient technological solutions are Economic growth and sustainable becoming increasingly popular. It is not development can go hand-in-hand. A only a matter of preserving the environ- country’s development does not have to ment for future generations, it is also follow the accustomed, environmentally about improving efficiency and reducing destructive path, if provided with the costs - in short, good business. Energy right partners and support. efficiency has proved to be a cost-effec- Advanced technology plays a signifi- tive strategy for businesses. In the long- cant role in energy-efficiency issues. term, efficiency measures cost less than Vaisala is the global leader in environ- the energy itself. The returns on invest- mental measurement technologies that ment speak for themselves. promote better quality of life, environ- Energy issues in China present a mental protection, safety, efficiency and primary example of the magnitude of cost-savings. Vaisala provides tools to the challenge. China’s environmental support energy-efficient heating and markets are experiencing strong growth, cooling solutions. Other examples, also and the Chinese wish to make use of the presented in this magazine, are the inex- best environmental know-how and tech- pensive and energy-efficient use of CO2 nology available to solve their mounting as a refrigerant, and the use of oxygen environmental problems. in pulp bleaching, contributing to more Kjell Forsén The Finnish Environmental Cluster for environmentally friendly paper produc- CEO China (FECC) is a two-year project that tion. Vaisala equipment helps you to aims to build a network involving Finnish reach the best results technology can environmental businesses, like Vaisala, provide. in the Chinese markets. Vaisala partici- I would like to take this opportunity to pated in the China - Finland Cleantech thank you, our customers, for choosing Conference held in Finland in August. The to do business with Vaisala. We strive conference provided a venue for environ- to reward you with increasingly better mental companies and research organi- support and services. Let’s continue to do zations to meet and exchange ideas. The business that is - not as usual - but more FECC work continues with the goal of beneficial for all parties. n 175 / 2007 Vaisala News | 3 Penny Hickey Application Engineer Vaisala Woburn, MA, USA Maintaining harvest fresh apples Controlled Atmosphere storage requires accurate carbon dioxide measurements Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage is a widely used technique for long-term storage of freshly picked fruits and vege- tables. Historically, CA storage has been the primary method for the long-term storage of apples. Through a biological process called respiration, apples take in oxygen and generate carbon dioxide, water, and heat. Controlled Atmosphere storage is an entirely natural process that reduces the effects of respiration to a minimum by controlling the environmental condi- tions surrounding the stored fruit. CA storage makes it possible to buy crisp, juicy apples year round. Many cultivars of apples can be preserved for a remarkable 9 – 12 months in CA storage, as opposed to only 2 – 3 months if using refrigerated storage. Optimal conditions important In order to effectively preserve apples the storage atmosphere must have a controlled amount of humidity, oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and temper- ature. The essence of CA storage is the range for O2 and CO2 concentrations, which both must be kept between 0.5 to 2.5%. The precise optimum concentra- tions vary for different varieties of apples (i.e. Golden Delicious apples may need different conditions than Jonagold apples, etc). The relative humidity is kept in the range between 90 to 95%. High relative humidity slows down water loss and enhances storage life of the produce, but humidity too close to saturation encour- ages bacterial growth. Temperature in the storage container is maintained 4 | Vaisala News 175 / 2 0 07 CA storage makes it possible to buy crisp, juicy apples year round. Apple respiration: apples take in oxygen and generate carbon dioxide, water, and heat. Storage Control Systems Inc’s CO2 scrubber called the Series II Smart Scrubber. around 1°C, the lowest possible tempera- and the reduction of CO2 through the containing activated carbon. Activated ture before damage to tissue occurs. course of the storage period. Because of carbon is a porous adsorbent material, their responsibility to control the desired meaning that the carbon dioxide mole- Carefully designed process gas concentrations in the chambers, cules are attracted to and adhere to the The typical process for CA storage begins these analyzers are critical to the opera- surface of the carbon media. The activated by filling a storage chamber with apples. tion of the entire system. carbon gradually becomes saturated, so Some chambers are large enough to it is necessary to periodically purge the contain up to 400 tons of apples. The From bags of lime to more beds with fresh air to remove the CO2. refrigeration apparatus is then acti- sophisticated methods The unit is programmed to adsorb on vated to achieve the target temperature Years ago, chamber operators used one bed, while purging with fresh air on of 1°C. During cooling, the windows or hydrated lime to control the CO2 in the the other to allow for continuous scrub- other chamber openings are left open to fruit store. Bags of lime were loaded on bing. The Series II Smart Scrubber is prevent a possible collapse due to pres- pallets and placed into the store which also programmed with a “DeOx” cycle sure changes. absorbed all the CO2 that was emitted to minimize oxygen feedback to the CA When the desired storage tempera- from the apples, eventually leaving the room. ture is reached, the room is sealed with an store with no CO2. Lime (calcium oxide, The Series II Scrubber uses a program- airtight CA door. Once sealed, a nitrogen CaO) absorbs CO2 and in turn reacts mable logic controller (PLC) with a color generator is started to purge the O2 to form calcium carbonate (limestone, touchscreen interface to carry out its concentration in the chamber from 21% CaCO3). Once all the lime was converted control and sequencing functions. The (found in normal air) to approximately to calcium carbonate, the operator was PLC operator interface allows simple 3%. Once this level is reached the fruit forced to manually vent or flush the room programming of CO2 concentrations, will continue to reduce the O2 concen- with nitrogen to control the CO2 level. resulting in highly effective fresh fruit tration through the respiration process. Nitrogen generators require large, storage regimes. If the O2 concentration were to ever fall high-power air compressors that can be The Vaisala CARBOCAP® Carbon to zero the apples would suffer unwanted costly to run with continuous usage. A Dioxide Module GMM221 is used to and irreversible fermentation reactions carbon dioxide scrubber is a more effi- monitor the CO2 output from the beds, in the fruit. If O2 levels drop below the cient and affordable tool for removing which controls the switching of the safe concentration, outside air is added and controlling CO2 inside a fruit store. process from scrubbing to regenerating to the chamber to raise O2 concentration CO2 scrubbers not only remove CO2, or vice versa at the most efficient point. to the intended level. but also remove some volatile organic Also, a snapshot of the CO2 coming from In addition to generating CO2, the carbons (VOCs) and ethylene, allowing the room is taken at the beginning of the apples also generate ethylene gas which optimal storage of fruit.
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