DOCSLIB.ORG

The Fraser River As a Commercial Highway Issues, Implications and Opportunities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Fraser River As a Commercial Highway Issues, Implications and Opportunities Centre of Excellence Sustainability, Infrastructure & Transportation Economics The Fraser River As A Commercial Highway Issues, Implications and Opportunities An examination of some of the key issues, implications and opportunities associated with utilizing the Fraser River as a Short Sea Shipping (SSS) corridor, employing river vessels to carry containers upriver from deep‐sea terminals to smaller upstream node ports for dispatch to their end user destinations. http://centre.bcitbusiness.ca Centre of Excellence Sustainability, Infrastructure & Transportation Economics Terminology Used In This Report Berth A ship’s allotted place at a wharf, dock or quay, where loading/unloading activity takes place. Deep Sea Port Ports which can accommodate Panamax and post-Panamax size container ships. Intermodal Two or more different modes of transportation involved in the movement of goods to and from their destination. These modes include ships, railways and trucks. Node Ports Smaller versions of container terminals, usually located inland along a river. Node ports receive containers from and dispatch containers to deep sea ports. Short Sea Shipping The movement of bulk goods and containers from main ports, such as the Port of Vancouver, North Fraser and Fraser Port, to node ports which are located upstream along the Fraser River. Potential SSS routes would span up to 130 kilometers inland from tidewater. TEU Twenty-foot equivalent unit container which has the following dimensions: 20 feet long; eight feet wide, 8.5 feet high. Most containers used for transporting goods are 40 feet long (two TEUs). mTEU is one million TEUs. Abbreviations Used in This Report AQMP Air Quality Management Plan GVGC Greater Vancouver Gateway Council BC British Columbia GVRD Greater Vancouver Regional District BNSF Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway LFV Lower Fraser Valley CAC Common air contaminants IWT Inland Water Transport CMA Canada Marine Act NFPA North Fraser River Port Authority CNR Canadian National Railway NPV Net Present Value CPR Canadian Pacific Railway RFID Radio frequency identification FRPA Fraser River Port Authority SSS Short Sea Shipping GDP Gross Domestic Product TEU Twenty-foot equivalent units GHG Greenhouse Gas VPA Vancouver Port Authority Fraser River as a Commercial Highway: Issues, Implications & Opportunities Page 2 of 83 Centre of Excellence Sustainability, Infrastructure & Transportation Economics Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 THE DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT ......................................................................... 8 2.1 Growth in Containerization .................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Trends in Container Ship Size ............................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Impact on Ports ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.0 THE LOWER MAINLAND PORTS ......................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Port of Vancouver ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Fraser River Port ................................................................................................................................ 17 3.3 North Fraser Port ................................................................................................................................ 19 4.0 MOVEMENT OF GOODS AROUND THE LOWER MAINLAND ........................................................... 19 5.0 IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRAFFIC GROWTH ON THE LOWER MAINLAND ......................................... 21 5.1 Demand for Industrial Land ................................................................................................................. 21 5.2 Roadway Congestion ......................................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Air Quality Impacts .............................................................................................................................. 25 6.0 LOWER MAINLAND PORT COMPETITION ......................................................................................... 27 6.1 Port of Prince Rupert ........................................................................................................................... 27 6.2 U.S. Ports ........................................................................................................................................... 28 7.0 THE FRASER RIVER ............................................................................................................................. 31 7.1 The Geography ................................................................................................................................... 31 7.2 River Transportation: A Historical Perspective ................................................................................... 32 7.3 Challenges Facing the Fraser River Basin ......................................................................................... 35 7.5 Fraser River Stakeholders .................................................................................................................. 35 8.0 INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT COMPARISONS ........................................................................ 39 8.1 Yangtze River Transportation Corridor ................................................................................................ 39 8.2 The Rhine River Transportation Corridor ............................................................................................. 45 9.0 FRASER RIVER SHORT SEA SHIPPING ............................................................................................ 49 9.1 The Concept ........................................................................................................................................ 49 9.2 Potential Node Port Locations ............................................................................................................. 51 9.3 Short Sea Shipping and Land Demand ............................................................................................... 53 9.4 Infrastructure Needs Associated With Short Sea Shipping .................................................................. 53 9.5 Business Implications .......................................................................................................................... 55 9.6 Environmental Implications .................................................................................................................. 55 9.7 Operational Costs ................................................................................................................................ 59 10.0 ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 61 10.1 Modal Choice .................................................................................................................................... 62 10.2 Inland Water Transport Affinity .......................................................................................................... 62 10.3 Research Focus ............................................................................................................................... 65 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................... 67 Appendix A - Template Table of Contents ................................................................................................. 68 Appendix B – Potential for Node Ports ...................................................................................................... 69 Appendix C - Fraser River Stakeholder Concerns .................................................................................... 71 Appendix D - Sample Process: From Deltaport to Chilliwack by Truck ..................................................... 73 Appendix E - Modified Process using Node Ports: Delta Port to Chilliwack .............................................. 75 Appendix F - Operational Cost Categories ................................................................................................ 78 Appendix G - Operational Cost Categories by Transport Phase ............................................................... 79 Appendix H - Common Air Contaminants .................................................................................................. 80 Appendix I - Common Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................ 80 SOURCES .................................................................................................................................................... 81 Fraser River as a Commercial Highway: Issues, Implications & Opportunities Page 3 of 83 Centre of Excellence Sustainability, Infrastructure & Transportation Economics 1.0 INTRODUCTION Background The container shipping industry is undergoing enormous change. Doubling and tripling of container ship size within the next
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Industrial Context Work Plan
    LOS ANGELES CITYWIDE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT Context: Industrial Development, 1850-1980 Prepared for: City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning Office of Historic Resources September 2011; rev. February 2018 The activity which is the subject of this historic context statement has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service; 1849 C Street, N.W.; Washington, D.C. 20240 SurveyLA Citywide Historic Context Statement Industrial Development, 1850-1980 TABLE
    [Show full text]
  • Alternatives Analysis
    Alternatives Analysis BHP Proposed Grays Harbor Potash Export Facility Hoquiam, Washington 40600-HS-RPT-55047 Revision 2 17 June 2019 Submitted by WSP USA 33301 Ninth Avenue South, Suite 300 Federal Way, Washington 98003-2600 WA17.0202.00 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS BHP PROPOSED GRAYS HARBOR POTASH EXPORT FACILITY TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Proposed Facility Overview ............................................................................. 2 2.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS PROCESS ............................................................ 4 2.1 Section 404(b)(1) Background ......................................................................... 4 2.2 Analysis Process .............................................................................................. 4 3.0 PHASE 1 – NEED, PURPOSE, AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA............................... 6 3.1 Step 1: Project Need ......................................................................................... 6 3.2 Step 2: Basic Project Purpose and Water Dependency ................................. 7 3.2.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................. 7 3.2.2 Water Dependency ............................................................................................... 7 3.3 Step 3: Overall Project Purpose and Geographic Area Selection ................. 8 4.0 PHASE 2 - ALTERNATIVES IDENTIFICATION
    [Show full text]
  • Mariners Guide Port of Los Angeles 425 S
    2019 MARINERS GUIDE PORT OF LOS ANGELES 425 S. Palos Verdes Street San Pedro, CA 90731 Phone/TDD: (310) 732-3508 portoflosangeles.org Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .eps fb.com/PortofLA @PortofLA @portofla The data contained herein is provided only for general informational purposes and no reliance should be placed upon it for determining the course of conduct by any user of the Port of Los Angeles. The accuracy of statistical data is not assured by this Port, as it has been furnished by outside agencies and sources. Acceptance of Port of Los Angeles Pilot Service is pursuant to all the terms, conditions and restrictions of the Port of Los Angeles Tariff and any amendments thereto. Mariners Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Welcome to the Port of Los Angeles and LA Waterfront . 2-3 Los Angeles Pilot Service . 4-5 Telephone Directory . 6-7 Facilities for Visiting Seafarers. .7 Safety Boating Safety Information. 10-11 Small (Recreational) Vessel Safety . 10-11 Mariners Guide For Emergency Calls . 11-12 Horizontal and Vertical Clearances . 12-13 Underkeel Clearance . 13-16 Controlled Navigation Areas. 16-17 Depth of Water Alongside Berths . 18 Pilot Ladder Requirements . 19-20 Inclement Weather Standards of Care for Vessel Movements 21-26 National Weather Service . 26 Wind Force Chart . 27 Tug Escort/Assist Information Tug Escort/Assistance for Tank Vessels . 30-31 Tanker Force Selection Matrix . .32 Tugs Employed in Los Angeles/Long Beach . 33 Tugs, Water Taxis, and Salvage. .34 Vessel Operating Procedures Radio Communications . 36 Vessel Operating Procedures . 37-38 Vessel Traffic Management .
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B: Hydrotechnical Assessment
    Sheep Paddocks Trail Alignment Analysis APPENDIX B: HYDROTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT LEES+Associates -112- 30 Gostick Place | North Vancouver, BC V7M 3G3 | 604.980.6011 | www.nhcweb.com 300217 15 August 2013 Lees + Associates Landscape Architects #509 – 318 Homer Street Vancouver, BC V6B 2V2 Attention: Nalon Smith Dear Mr. Smith: Subject: Sheep Paddocks Trail Alignment – Phase 1 Hydrotechnical Assessment Preliminary Report 1 INTRODUCTION Metro Vancouver wishes to upgrade the Sheep Paddocks Trail between Pitt River Road and Mundy Creek in Colony Farm Regional Park on the west side of the Coquitlam River. The trail is to accommodate pedestrian and bicycle traffic and be built to withstand at least a 1 in 10 year flood. The project will be completed in three phases: 1. Phase 1 – Route Selection 2. Phase 2 – Detailed Design 3. Phase 3 – Construction and Post-Construction This letter report provides hydrotechnical input for Phase 1 – Route Selection. Currently, a narrow footpath runs along the top of a berm on the right bank of the river. The trail suffered erosion damage in 2007 and was subsequently closed to the public but is still unofficially in use. Potential future routes include both an inland and river option, as well as combinations of the two. To investigate the feasibility of the different options and help identify the most appropriate trail alignment from a hydrotechnical perspective, NHC was retained to undertake the following Phase I scope of work: • Participate in three meetings. • Attend a site visit. • Estimate different return period river flows and comment on local drainage requirements. • Simulate flood levels and velocities corresponding to the different flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Fraser Valley Geotour: Bedrock, Glacial Deposits, Recent Sediments, Geological Hazards and Applied Geology: Sumas Mountain and Abbotsford Area
    Fraser Valley Geotour: Bedrock, Glacial Deposits, Recent Sediments, Geological Hazards and Applied Geology: Sumas Mountain and Abbotsford Area A collaboration in support of teachers in and around Abbotsford, B.C. in celebration of National Science and Technology Week October 25, 2013 MineralsEd and Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Led by David Huntley, PhD, GSC and David Thompson, P Geo 1 2 Fraser Valley Geotour Introduction Welcome to the Fraser Valley Geotour! Learning about our Earth, geological processes and features, and the relevance of it all to our lives is really best addressed outside of a classroom. Our entire province is the laboratory for geological studies. The landscape and rocks in the Fraser Valley record many natural Earth processes and reveal a large part of the geologic history of this part of BC – a unique part of the Canadian Cordillera. This professional development field trip for teachers looks at a selection of the bedrock and overlying surficial sediments in the Abbotsford area that evidence these geologic processes over time. The stops highlight key features that are part of the geological story - demonstrating surface processes, recording rock – forming processes, revealing the tectonic history, and evidence of glaciation. The important interplay of these phenomena and later human activity is highlighted along the way. It is designed to build your understanding of Earth Science and its relevance to our lives to support your teaching related topics in your classroom. Acknowledgments We would like to thank our partners, the individuals who led the tour to share their expertise, build interest in the natural history of the area, and inspire your teaching.
    [Show full text]
  • Port of Vancouver Supply Chain System
    PORT OF VANCOUVER SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM James Ireland Bachelor of Commerce, University of British Columbia, 1977 PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In the Faculty of Business Administration Executive MBA O James Ireland 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: James Ireland Degree: Master of Business Administration Title of Project: Port of Vancouver Supply Chain System Supervisory Committee: Senior Supervisor Michael Parent, Associate Professor Second Reader Carolyne F. Smart, Associate Professor Date Approved: SIMON FRASER $$&2Q? UN~VERSWY~ibra ry DECLARATION OF PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection, and, without changing the content, to translate the thesislproject or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Information and Analysis Bulletin on Animal Poaching and Smuggling N°6 / 1St July - 30Th Septembre 2014
    Information and analysis bulletin on animal poaching and smuggling n°6 / 1st July - 30th Septembre 2014 Contents Introduction Insects and Arachnids 3 Seahorses Sea 4 Cruelty to animals is pouring and flooding on Tridacna and Queen Conches 5 each and every one of the 134 pages of ”On the Sea Cucumbers 5 Trail ” n°6. Rainbows are rare. And for that are all Fishes 6 the more beautiful. Marine Mammals 8 Opening of a delphinium in Pattaya and a Several recent studies suggest that violence on projected opening in Phuket 8 animals and abuse of animal’s weakness show Marine Turtles 9 predisposition to violence against humans and that witnessing domestic violence or being Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles 13 submitted to parental harassment leads to a Snakes 20 predisposition to violence against animals. Sauria 23 Violence is a viral and vicious circle. Crocodilians 23 Multi-Species Reptiles 24 The FBI in the United States of America now considers that mistreatment, individual Amphibia 25 violence, organized abuse and torture against animals are crimes against society. To start Birds 26 in 2016, a database listing animal sadists The new European commissioner for should help - that is the purpose of the FBI’s the environment 32 new approach - to predict criminality against humans. Pangolins 35 Writers and great thinkers in the ancient Primates 40 centuries had predicted that practice or Ebola 42 witnessing of cruelty inflicted on animals would lead to barbaric treatment towards and among Felines 49 humans. ” After people in Rome were tamed Released on bail without caution 53 to the spectacle of murdering animals, it came the turn of men and the gladiators.
    [Show full text]
  • (P2s) / Onshore Power Supply (Ops) Questionnaire Results
    POWER-TO-SHIP (P2S) / ONSHORE POWER SUPPLY (OPS) QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS WORLD PORTS CLIMATE ACTION PROGRAM (WPCAP) 1 ContingutTable of contents Introduction Questionnaire 1. Port infrastructure 2. OPS equipment 3. Operation 4. Electricity 5. Environment 6. Discounts, rebates and penalties 7. Port Works 8. Recommendations 2 Introduction • The World Ports Climate Action Program (WPCAP) initiative was launched in 2018 to address climate change • Member ports are working together in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through collaborative actions and joint research. • Among others, the initiative aims to accelerate the development of power-to- ship (P2S) solutions in ports. This task is controlled by the Working Group 3 of the WPCAP. • As a first step towards this objective, a state-of-the art analysis of P2S solutions currently in operation has been developed. This analysis is based on the answers to a questionnaire. 3 Questionnaire The ports that have been part of the survey are as follows: • Port of Rotterdam • HAROPA- Port of Le Havre • Port of Zeebrugge • Port of Kristiansand • Port of Ystad • Port of Hamburg • Port of Vancouver • Port of Halifax • Port of Seattle • Port of Gothenburg • Port of New York & New Jersey • Ports of Stockholm • Port of Long Beach • Port of Barcelona • Port of Los Angeles • Port of Kemi These ports have P2S solutions in place. The sample of 16 ports is considered only partially representative taking into account that approximately 65 ports worldwide declare they have OPS solutions. 4 1. Port infrastructure According to the results of the sample selected (n=16): • Global OPS requested calls/year: 6627 • Successful OPS connections: 6488 • % successful OPS connections: 98% TOTAL OPS PORT CALLS PER YEAR MAX SHIPS SIMULTANEOUSLY CONNECTED TO OPS 3504 22 Los Angeles 2856 Kristiansand Stockholm Seattle/Vancouver/ 6 LA 4 2 267 CONTAINER CRUISE ROPAX OFFSHORE CONTAINER CRUISE ROPAX 5 1.
    [Show full text]
  • How People Green the Port: Sustainability in Canadian Ports
    How People Green the Port: Sustainability in Canadian Ports by Kristianne R. Hendricks B.A., University of the Fraser Valley, 2014 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Geography Faculty of Environment Kristianne Rebecca Hendricks 2017 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2017 Approval Name: Kristianne Rebecca Hendricks Degree: Master of Arts Title: How People Green the Ports: Sustainability in Canadian Ports Examining Committee: Chair: Meg Holden Associate Professor Peter Hall Senior Supervisor Professor Roger Hayter Supervisor Professor Adolf Ng External Examiner Professor Asper School of Business University of Manitoba Date Defended/Approved: April 4, 2017 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract Canadian Port Authorities (CPAs) annually move $162 billion in international trade and in recent years have been faced with significant pressures to become environmentally sustainable. In response, CPAs have introduced numerous greening strategies with important implications for the dock labour force. This thesis focuses on the greening strategies undertaken by CPAs and their interplay with dockworkers; it identifies these greening strategies and assesses their implications for dockworkers. The thesis adopts a two-part methodology. First, greening measures undertaken by CPAs are categorized and compared. Second, a case study of Vancouver’s port is undertaken through interviews with a broad set of port actors in order to examine the links between labour and sustainability in the port. It is concluded that greening strategies have been an important, albeit uneven trend across CPAs and that dockworkers play an influential role in the greening of the port. Keywords: Canadian Ports; Environmental Sustainability; Labour; Vancouver iv Dedication To the three people who inspire me to keep learning every day: Shaleena, Adalia, and Zoren.
    [Show full text]
  • Building of the Coquitlam River and Port Moody Trails Researched and Written by Ralph Drew, Belcarra, BC, June 2010; Updated Dec 2012 and Dec 2013
    Early Trail Building in the New Colony of British Columbia — John Hall’s Building of the Coquitlam River and Port Moody Trails Researched and written by Ralph Drew, Belcarra, BC, June 2010; updated Dec 2012 and Dec 2013. A recent “find” of colonial correspondence in the British Columbia Archives tells a story about the construction of the Coquitlam River and Port Moody Trails between 1862 and 1864 by pioneer settler John Hall. (In 1870 Hall pre-empted 160 acres of Crown Land on Indian Arm and became Belcarra’s first European settler.) The correspondence involves a veritable “who’s who” of people in the administration in the young ‘Colony of British Columbia’. This historic account serves to highlight one of the many challenges faced by our pioneers during the period of colonial settlement in British Columbia. Sir James Douglas When the Fraser River Gold Rush began in the spring of 1858, there were only about 250 to 300 Europeans living in the Fraser Valley. The gold rush brought on the order of 30,000 miners flocking to the area in the quest for riches, many of whom came north from the California gold fields. As a result, the British Colonial office declared a new Crown colony on the mainland called ‘British Columbia’ and appointed Sir James Douglas as the first Governor. (1) The colony was first proclaimed at Fort Langley on 19th November, 1858, but in early 1859 the capital was moved to the planned settlement called ‘New Westminster’, Sir James Douglas strategically located on the northern banks of the Fraser River.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Port of Vancouver Usa
    ABOUT THE PORT OF VANCOUVER USA The Port of Vancouver USA, the second-largest port on the Columbia River and an invaluable partner to a broad range of shippers and manufacturers, is a thriving West Coast seaport offering the most direct cargo shipping route from the Pacific Rim to North America through its Advantaged Supply Chain. Unique to the Port of Vancouver USA is its capacity for growth – both on the marine and industrial sides. The port has invested millions of dollars to develop the infrastructure and site requirements needed for companies to transport their cargoes and conduct their businesses in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The port has worked diligently to provide outstanding customer service and to ensure that what’s important to shippers and tenants – whether specialized equipment, skilled labor, warehousing, sustainability programs, or collaboration on site selection, funding or logistics – is available to meet their needs now and in the future should they wish to expand. QUICK FACTS & HIGHLIGHTS The port, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012, is the third largest port in the state of Washington. It has five marine terminals that provide 13 deepwater shipping berths. The port handled 4.6 million metric tons of cargo in 2012, more than 57 percent in grain exports. However, an increase in the number of grain elevators on the Columbia Snake River System and an increase in agricultural exports from countries such as Australia resulted in less wheat moving across Port of Vancouver docks in 2012. And because wheat is the port’s number one export by volume, the decrease in wheat exports is directly reflected in the 18.5 percent decrease in the port’s overall tonnage from 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Union Pacific Railroad Tidelands Records 0243
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2v19r73h No online items Finding Aid of the Union Pacific Railroad Tidelands records 0243 Finding aid prepared by Jacqueline Morin Processing of this collection was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and administered by the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives program. USC Libraries Special Collections Doheny Memorial Library 206 3550 Trousdale Parkway Los Angeles, California, 90089-0189 213-740-5900 [email protected] 2011 Finding Aid of the Union Pacific 0243 1 Railroad Tidelands records 0243 Title: Union Pacific Railroad Tidelands records Collection number: 0243 Contributing Institution: USC Libraries Special Collections Language of Material: English Physical Description: 30.0 Linear feet12 boxes, 3 mapcase drawers Date (inclusive): 1940s-1950s Abstract: When the Union Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad merged in 1997 and the former did a housecleaning of its inventory, many of the Union Pacific's archival materials were saved. The records that were donated to USC were chiefly those that were generated in the 1940s and 50s as part of the Tidelands controversies, concerning the Los Angeles / Long Beach / Wilmington harbor areas, and documenting channels, wetlands, islands, elevations, and shoreline. In addition to many maps, drawings, and historical files, the records consist of many volumes of land surveys (done by civil engineer Francis Bates) which were done in the old tidelands area in the 1930s and 40s. Mr. Bates also obtained copies of many of the original rancho documents for this area (e.g. Rancho Los Cerritos) to provide a complete history of the harbor, onshore and offshore.
    [Show full text]