American Megatrends AMIBIOS Setup

Unit 2

Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Motherboard Form Factors • AT • Baby or Mini AT • ATX • microATX, FlexATX, ITX, miniITX, BTX, NLX. • Proprietary Designs 2 Proprietary Motherboard

3 ATX Motherboard

4 Older motherboards are designed for the original Pentium Processor

5 Others are designed for the Pentium II Processor

6 Today’s are designed for the Pentium 4 Processor

7 Motherboard Form Factors •AT-Type •ATX-Type

8 AT Motherboard 13.5”

12”

9 Typical AT Motherboard

10 9.6” ATX

12”

Menu 11 ATX Motherboard

12 Cache The Chipset Memory

System CPU Controller Socket

Clock PCI Bus Circuits Controller

13 Proprietary Cases

14 Proprietary Cases

15 Proprietary Cases

16 Standard Case

17 The ROM/BIOS

Setup is a program that controls settings in the BIOS, which are stored on a device manufactured with CMOS technology.

19 Setup lets you control how your computer is configured.

20 When you get a new computer, it is a good idea to write down the configuration information.

21 The BIOS settings determine the configuration of your system.

22 This information is saved in a special memory called CMOS.

23 CMOS has its own battery so that the configuration information will not be lost when the computer is turned off or during a power failure.

24 BIOS Suppliers

• Award

• American Megatrends (AMI)

• Phoenix

25 ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A69KS2C) CMOS SETUP UTILITY AWARD SOFTWARE, INC.

STANDARD CMOS SETUP INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS BIOS FEATURES SETUP SUPERVISOR PASSWORD CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP USER PASSWORD POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION SAVE & EXIT SETUP LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS EXIT WITHOUT SAVING LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS

ESC : QUIT  : Select Item F10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP (Shift)F2:Change Color

Time, Date, Hard Disk Type ...

26 STANDARD CMOS SETUP

Date (mm:dd:yy) : Wed, May 12 1999 Time (hh:mm:ss) : 11:33: 24

HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE Pri Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO Pri Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Master: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----

Drive A: 1.44M, 3.5 in. Base Memory : 640K Drive B: None Ext Memory : 31744K Floppy 3 Mode Support: Disabled Other Memory: 384K

Video : EGA/VGA Total Memory 32768K Halt On : All Errors ESC:Quit  : Select Item PU/PD/+/-: Modify F1 :Help (Shift)F2 : Change Color 27 American AMIBIOS Setup Megatrends (C)1996, American Megatrends Inc.

Setup Security

1 Standard7 Advanced Chipset Supervisor User

Power Mgmt PCI/PnP Peripheral Anti-Virus

Utility Default

Color Set Language Original Optimal Turbo

2828 Phoenix SETUP Utility (Version 1.00) 01 Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit

Item Specific Help BIOS Version 4S4EBOX1.10A.0028.P11 (All) Processor Type Pentium II Processor Processor Speed 350 MHz Enabling L2 Cache Cache RAM 512 KB ECC Support allows error checking to Service Tag J6XXX occur on data accessed from the System Memory 192 MB L2 cache. Memory Bank 0 32 MB SDRAM Memory Bank 1 32 MB SDRAM When this option Memory Bank 2 128 MB SDRAM is disabled, error checking is not performed. Language: [English (US)] L2 Cache ECC Support: [Auto] When set to Auto, the state of the System Time: [16:54:53] L2 ECC cache will System Date: [04/27/1999] follow the state of the ECC DRAM.

F1 Help  Select Item -/+ Change Values F9 Setup Defaults Esc Exit  Select Menu Enter Select Sub Menu F10 Save and Exit Menu29 Award BIOS

30 AMI BIOS

31 Award BIOS…

…inside an Intel device. 32 Maintaining BIOS Configuration Information

34 Batteries

35 Power-On Self Test

37 Cold Boot vs. Warm Boot

38 Cold Boot

RESET POWER

39 During Cold Boot:

• All circuits are reset.

• The computer performs the Power On Self Test (POST) …

• and then loads the Disk Operating System.

40 Warm Boot

Ctrl Alt Del

41 During Warm Boot:

• The computer skips the Power On Self Test (POST) … • and immediately reloads the OS.

42 The boot process

From: To: C:\> POWER ON

43 The Boot Process

• Activate the Power On Self Test (POST) • Load the OS

44 The Power-On Self Test (POST)

• Checks the CPU. • Checks the system bus. • Tests video memory. • Tests system RAM. • Tests the keyboard. • Checks disk drives. • Verifies configuration. • Incorporates expansion BIOS. • Configures Plug and Play Devices. 45 The CPU checks itself

46 The CPU checks the system bus

47 The CPU checks video memory

Video Board

Motherboard

48 The CPU checks system RAM

49 The CPU tests the keyboard

50 The CPU checks the disk drives

51 The CPU verifies the configuration

CMOS

52 The CPU incorporates expansion BIOS’

RAM

Expansion Card

53 The CPU configures PnP devices

Video Card

Sound Card

MODEM 54 Upon completion of the POST, the CPU reports the results.

55 The Boot Process

• Activate the Power On Self Test (POST) • Load the OS

56 Memory Types and History

Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory • More $$ than hard drive memory, but faster • The number used to sell the machine • Require constant refreshing • Power off = Data lost (volatile)

58 SRAM

Static Random Access Memory • Much more $$ than DRAM • Much faster than DRAM • Often located between CPU and DRAM • 512K on Pentium II CPUs

59 ROM

Read-Only Memory • Much slower than DRAM • Non-volatile • Used to store the BIOS • (shhhh…it’s random access too)

60 CMOS

Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor • Used to store user-defined BIOS settings • Volatile, often requires a battery • Newer technologies are non-volatile

Menu 61 Computer Memory Devices

63 Dynamic RAM…DRAM

• Needs refreshed • Fairly fast • Inexpensive • Small

64 Synchronous DRAM… SDRAM • New Technology • Very fast • Used in Pentium II and Pentium III systems

65 Static RAM…SRAM

• No Refresh • Fast • More expensive

66 Cache Memory

Pentium II/III Cache

Pentium I Cache

486 Cache 67 PC Memory System

Other System Memory DRAM

CPU Memory BUS Controller Controller

External Cache

68 DRAM

Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0

Memory CPU Controller

69 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0

CPU Memory Controller

External Cache 70 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0

CPU Memory Controller

External Cache 71 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0

CPU Memory Controller

External Cache 72 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0

CPU Memory Internal Controller Cache

External Cache 73 DRAM “forgets”

• Each DRAM bit is made up of a transistor and a capacitor. • Small capacitors lose their charge over time • Capacitors must be recharged

Full charge Charge

Minimum charge

Time

75 Circuit loses its

charge slowly Charge

Time

Refresh

Refresh Refresh Refresh

76 Working with Memory

78 Programmable Read- Only Memory...PROM

• Non-Volatile • Slow • Difficult to Change • Expensive

79 Erasable PROM… EPROM

80 Electrically-Erasable PROM… EEPROM

81 72-pin SIMM

82 30-pin SIMM

83 DIMM

84 Video RAM (VRAM) Windows RAM (WRAM) SGRAM

85 Memory for Portables

86 SIMM 0 SIMM 1 SIMM 2 BANK 1 SIMM 3

87 Pair of SIMMs Bank 1 Bank 0 empty installed Same size DRAM 88 Notched Centering End Notch

Rotate SIMM to about 45º

45º

89 Press SIMM into socket

Push straight in

90 Rotate SIMM to the vertical position

91 Retaining clips

Alignment pin

Main Processor : Pentium(P54C) Base Memory Size: 640KB Math Processor : Built-In Ext. Memory Size : 15360KB Floppy Drive A: : 1.44 MB 3½” Floppy Drive B: : None Display Type : VGA/EGA AMIBIOS Date Base: 07/15/95 MemorySerial Size Port(s) : 640KB : 3F8,3E8 Processor Clock : 100MHz Parallel Port(s) : 378 Power Management Ext. : Disabled MemoryExternal Size Cache : 15360KB : 256KB,Enabled

Plug and Play ISA Devices: Analog Devices AD1816

Pci Devices: Bank 0: EDO PCI Onboard IDE Bank 1:PCI FP Slot 2 VGA: IRQ 11 Bank 0: EDO Bank 1: FP Installing DIMMs

94 DIMM Latch

95 96 Removing the DIMM