American Megatrends AMIBIOS Setup
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Unit 2 Cases and Motherboards Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Motherboard Form Factors • AT • Baby or Mini AT • ATX • microATX, FlexATX, ITX, miniITX, BTX, NLX. • Proprietary Designs 2 Proprietary Motherboard 3 ATX Motherboard 4 Older motherboards are designed for the original Pentium Processor 5 Others are designed for the Pentium II Processor 6 Today’s are designed for the Pentium 4 Processor 7 Motherboard Form Factors •AT-Type •ATX-Type 8 AT Motherboard 13.5” 12” 9 Typical AT Motherboard 10 9.6” ATX 12” Menu 11 ATX Motherboard 12 Cache The Chipset Memory System CPU Controller Socket Clock PCI Bus Circuits Controller 13 Proprietary Cases 14 Proprietary Cases 15 Proprietary Cases 16 Standard Case 17 The ROM/BIOS Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Setup vs. BIOS vs. CMOS Setup is a program that controls settings in the BIOS, which are stored on a device manufactured with CMOS technology. 19 Setup lets you control how your computer is configured. 20 When you get a new computer, it is a good idea to write down the configuration information. 21 The BIOS settings determine the configuration of your system. 22 This information is saved in a special memory called CMOS. 23 CMOS has its own battery so that the configuration information will not be lost when the computer is turned off or during a power failure. 24 BIOS Suppliers • Award • American Megatrends (AMI) • Phoenix 25 ROM PCI/ISA BIOS (2A69KS2C) CMOS SETUP UTILITY AWARD SOFTWARE, INC. STANDARD CMOS SETUP INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS BIOS FEATURES SETUP SUPERVISOR PASSWORD CHIPSET FEATURES SETUP USER PASSWORD POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP IDE HDD AUTO DETECTION PNP/PCI CONFIGURATION SAVE & EXIT SETUP LOAD SETUP DEFAULTS EXIT WITHOUT SAVING LOAD BIOS DEFAULTS ESC : QUIT : Select Item F10 : SAVE & EXIT SETUP (Shift)F2:Change Color Time, Date, Hard Disk Type ... 26 STANDARD CMOS SETUP Date (mm:dd:yy) : Wed, May 12 1999 Time (hh:mm:ss) : 11:33: 24 HARD DISKS TYPE SIZE CYLS HEAD PRECOMP LANDZ SECTOR MODE Pri Master: Auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 AUTO Pri Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Master: None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Sec Slave : None 0 0 0 0 0 0 ----- Drive A: 1.44M, 3.5 in. Base Memory : 640K Drive B: None Ext Memory : 31744K Floppy 3 Mode Support: Disabled Other Memory: 384K Video : EGA/VGA Total Memory 32768K Halt On : All Errors ESC:Quit : Select Item PU/PD/+/-: Modify F1 :Help (Shift)F2 : Change Color 27 American AMIBIOS Setup Megatrends (C)1996, American Megatrends Inc. Setup Security 1 Standard7 Advanced Chipset Supervisor User Power Mgmt PCI/PnP Peripheral Anti-Virus Utility Default Color Set Language Original Optimal Turbo 2828 Phoenix SETUP Utility (Version 1.00) 01 Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit Item Specific Help BIOS Version 4S4EBOX1.10A.0028.P11 (All) Processor Type Pentium II Processor Processor Speed 350 MHz Enabling L2 Cache Cache RAM 512 KB ECC Support allows error checking to Service Tag J6XXX occur on data accessed from the System Memory 192 MB L2 cache. Memory Bank 0 32 MB SDRAM Memory Bank 1 32 MB SDRAM When this option Memory Bank 2 128 MB SDRAM is disabled, error checking is not performed. Language: [English (US)] L2 Cache ECC Support: [Auto] When set to Auto, the state of the System Time: [16:54:53] L2 ECC cache will System Date: [04/27/1999] follow the state of the ECC DRAM. F1 Help Select Item -/+ Change Values F9 Setup Defaults Esc Exit Select Menu Enter Select Sub Menu F10 Save and Exit Menu29 Award BIOS 30 AMI BIOS 31 Award BIOS… …inside an Intel device. 32 Maintaining BIOS Configuration Information Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Batteries 34 Batteries 35 Power-On Self Test Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. A program cannot be loaded into memory unless a program has already been loaded into memory. 37 Cold Boot vs. Warm Boot 38 Cold Boot OR RESET POWER 39 During Cold Boot: • All circuits are reset. • The computer performs the Power On Self Test (POST) … • and then loads the Disk Operating System. 40 Warm Boot Ctrl Alt Del 41 During Warm Boot: • The computer skips the Power On Self Test (POST) … • and immediately reloads the OS. 42 The boot process From: To: C:\> POWER ON 43 The Boot Process • Activate the Power On Self Test (POST) • Load the OS 44 The Power-On Self Test (POST) • Checks the CPU. • Checks the system bus. • Tests video memory. • Tests system RAM. • Tests the keyboard. • Checks disk drives. • Verifies configuration. • Incorporates expansion BIOS. • Configures Plug and Play Devices. 45 The CPU checks itself 46 The CPU checks the system bus 47 The CPU checks video memory Video Board Motherboard 48 The CPU checks system RAM 49 The CPU tests the keyboard 50 The CPU checks the disk drives 51 The CPU verifies the configuration CMOS 52 The CPU incorporates expansion BIOS’ RAM Expansion Card 53 The CPU configures PnP devices Video Card Sound Card MODEM 54 Upon completion of the POST, the CPU reports the results. 55 The Boot Process • Activate the Power On Self Test (POST) • Load the OS 56 Memory Types and History Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory • More $$ than hard drive memory, but faster • The number used to sell the machine • Require constant refreshing • Power off = Data lost (volatile) 58 SRAM Static Random Access Memory • Much more $$ than DRAM • Much faster than DRAM • Often located between CPU and DRAM • 512K on Pentium II CPUs 59 ROM Read-Only Memory • Much slower than DRAM • Non-volatile • Used to store the BIOS • (shhhh…it’s random access too) 60 CMOS Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor • Used to store user-defined BIOS settings • Volatile, often requires a battery • Newer technologies are non-volatile Menu 61 Computer Memory Devices Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. RAM… Random Access Memory • Volatility • Refresh • Access Speed • Packaging 63 Dynamic RAM…DRAM • Needs refreshed • Fairly fast • Inexpensive • Small 64 Synchronous DRAM… SDRAM • New Technology • Very fast • Used in Pentium II and Pentium III systems 65 Static RAM…SRAM • No Refresh • Fast • More expensive 66 Cache Memory Pentium II/III Cache Pentium I Cache 486 Cache 67 PC Memory System Other System Memory DRAM CPU Memory BUS Controller Controller External Cache 68 DRAM Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0 Memory CPU Controller 69 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0 CPU Memory Controller External Cache 70 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0 CPU Memory Controller External Cache 71 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0 CPU Memory Controller External Cache 72 Bank 1 System DRAM Bank 0 CPU Memory Internal Controller Cache External Cache 73 DRAM “forgets” • Each DRAM bit is made up of a transistor and a capacitor. • Small capacitors lose their charge over time • Capacitors must be recharged 74 Full charge Charge Minimum charge Time 75 Charge Refresh Refresh Circuit loses its its loses Circuit Refresh slowly charge Refresh Time 76 Working with Memory Copyright © 2002 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. DIP Memory 78 Programmable Read- Only Memory...PROM • Non-Volatile • Slow • Difficult to Change • Expensive 79 Erasable PROM… EPROM 80 Electrically-Erasable PROM… EEPROM 81 72-pin SIMM 82 30-pin SIMM 83 DIMM 84 Video RAM (VRAM) Windows RAM (WRAM) SGRAM 85 Memory for Portables 86 SIMM 0 SIMM 1 SIMM 2 BANK 1 SIMM 3 87 Pair of SIMMs Bank 1 Bank 0 empty installed Same size DRAM 88 Notched Centering End Notch Rotate SIMM to about 45º 45º 89 Press SIMM into socket Push straight in 90 Rotate SIMM to the vertical position 91 Retaining clips Alignment pin 92 AMIBIOS System Configuration (C) 1985-1995, American Megatrends Inc., Main Processor : Pentium(P54C) Base Memory Size: 640KB Math Processor : Built-In Ext. Memory Size : 15360KB Floppy Drive A: : 1.44 MB 3½” Floppy Drive B: : None Display Type : VGA/EGA AMIBIOS Date Base: 07/15/95 MemorySerial Size Port(s) : 640KB : 3F8,3E8 Processor Clock : 100MHz Parallel Port(s) : 378 Power Management Ext. : Disabled MemoryExternal Size Cache : 15360KB : 256KB,Enabled Plug and Play ISA Devices: Analog Devices AD1816 Pci Devices: Bank 0: EDO PCI Onboard IDE Bank 1:PCI FP Slot 2 VGA: IRQ 11 Bank 0: EDO Bank 1: FP Installing DIMMs 94 DIMM Latch 95 96 Removing the DIMM 97.