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238888 Karstenia Kansi 2 2008 Rami.Indd Karstenia 48: 33–48, 2009 Studies in Otidea (Pezizales) HARRI HARMAJA HARMAJA, H. 2009: Studies in Otidea (Pezizales). – Karstenia 48: 33–48. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. Three new species of Otidea (Pers.) Bonord. (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) are described on the basis of Finnish material: Otidea angusta Harmaja, Otidea caeruleopruinosa Har- maja, and Otidea avidobrunneola Harmaja. They were found in rich woods with more or less calcareous soils in SW Finland. A synopsis with an annotated list of the twenty species of Otidea in Finland is presented, four of the latter as nomina provisoria. The habitat of each species is described more accurately than previously. Two keys are pre- sented, one based on macroscopic and habitat characters, the other on microscopic char- acters. The characters of the North American O. unicisa (Peck) Harmaja are discussed, the species is retained in the genus in spite of its ornamented spores, and it is reported as new to North Carolina. Two previously unreported responses of the pigment in the outer part of the apothecial excipulum to Melzer’s reagent are reported. The original material of C. H. Persoon’s species referable to Otidea has been revised: no changes in current nomenclature are needed. O. cantharella (Fr.) Quél. is considered to be an older name for O. caligata (Nyl.) Sacc. Key words: Ascomycetes, endoconidia, Finland, habitat, Melzer’s reagent, nomencla- ture, North America, Persoon, Pezizomycetes, taxonomy Harri Harmaja, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: harri.harmaja@helsinki. 1. Introduction In a synopsis of the Finnish species of Otidea, all species now known from the country are list- Especially in the 1970’s extensive eld work ed. The habitat and distribution of each species was carried out by me in all parts of Finland, es- are summarized and other notes, e.g. on nomen- pecially collecting Otidea. Microscopic studies clature, may be given. The information derived were carried out, too. The results were only pub- from the Otidea specimens, examined at least lished partially (Harmaja 1974a, 1974b, 1974c, macroscopically, of the most important Finnish 1976 and 1986). Additional results are published herbaria has been incorporated into the synopsis in the present contribution. (however, newer collections have only been par- The colours of the fresh apothecia are de- tially seen). scribed according to Maerz and Paul (1950). The C. H. Persoon (1761–1836) is an important microscopic characters were studied and meas- author in the Otidea nomenclature as he de- ured from dried apothecia in Melzer’s reagent. scribed nine species under Peziza that later have The spore characters have been studied from generally been considered as species of Otidea. truly mature – hyaline and preferably discharged As far as I know, none of them have been typi ed – spores. Some studies were also made in boiled though some original material does exist in the cotton blue mounts. The bioclimatic zones are Nationaal Herbarium Nederland (L) in Leiden, given according to Ahti et al. (1968). the Netherlands. In 1976, I studied this Otidea 34 HARMAJA: STUDIES IN OTIDEA KARSTENIA 48 (2009) material of the Herbarium Persoon. The results P. bufonia Vincennes 1816 (911.81-97) = O. bu- are published here in short. In addition, an old fonia Friesian speci c name of Otidea is rehabilitated. P. concinna / vesiculosa ... P. citrina Vincennes 2. Notes on speci c nomenclature (910.256-1328) = O. concinna 2.1. Identi cation of Otidea specimens of Her- P. felina (910.256-815) = O. alutacea barium Persoon (L) P. umbrina (910.256-1321) = O. bufonia Seven of the nine species that were described by Persoon in different papers under the generic P. umbrina (910.261-801) = O. bufonia name Peziza and that later have been considered to belong to Otidea are represented in Herbarium P. umbrina (910.261-807) = Peziza sp. (spores Persoon: P. abietina Pers. : Fr., P. alutacea Pers., warty) P. bufonia Pers. : Fr., P. concinna Pers. : Fr., P. felina Pers., P. grandis Pers., and P. umbrina P. umbrina (910.261-809) = O. bufonia Pers. Twelve specimens are concerned. Materials identi ed as P. austica Pers. or P. onotica Pers. : Conclusions: (i) The current use in Otidea of the Fr. did not exist. speci c epithets alutacea, bufonia, concinna and The epithets and other information are obvi- onotica can be continued. (ii) Peziza abietina has ously written in Persoon’s handwriting. How- been used in several senses in the literature and ever, it is to be emphasized that an assignment of should thus be considered as a nomen confusum, specimens as types should be made with utmost even though the specimen L 910.256-1821 that care because – as with many old herbaria – it is may belong to true type material represents O. often dif cult or impossible to tell whether the bufonia. This identi cation is at variance with material was available to Persoon prior to the that of Nannfeldt (1966) who stated the speci- description of the respective species. In fact, men to represent a rough-spored member of Pe- I did not make any formal typi cations. How- ziza (apparently he confused this specimen with ever, weighted together with the respective pro- specimen L 910.261-807; see above). The spe- tologues, some conclusions from the specimens cies that is fairly often called O. abietina (Pers. : were made. Fr.) Fuckel especially in the older literature, has Below, the twelve specimens are listed: rstly two typi able names: O. indivisa Velen. (Nan- the name(s) and possible additional text related nfeldt 1966) and O. propinquata (P.Karst.) Har- to the specimen are given, then the numbering of maja (Harmaja 1976). Due to the rule of priority, the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland (L) in brack- the latter is the legitimate one (Harmaja 1976). ets, and lastly my identi cation. (iii) The specimen already originally named P. bufonia would appear to represents true type ma- Peziza abietina Germania (910.256-1821) = O. terial as it has been collected prior to the publish- bufonia ing of the protologue. (iv) P. felina, or O. felina (Pers.) Bres., may be a synonym of O. alutacea. P. abietina? (910.261-196) = O. propinquata (v) P. grandis would appear best to be treated as a nomen dubium et confusum: the name has been Verisim. P. ab. β grandis aut P. concinna used in several senses in the literature and the (910.261-157) = O. onotica only specimen with unsure original identi cation belonging to O. onotica. (vi) The name P. umb- P. alutacea (910.261-12) = O. bufonia rina can be considered as referring to the same species as P. bufonia published later but sanc- P. alutacea (910.261-13) = O. cf. alutacea tioned by Fries; fortunately, the epithet bufonia is (spores fairly large) used for the species in question more commonly than umbrina. Nannfeldt (e.g., 1966) used the epithet bufonia. KARSTENIA 48 (2009) HARMAJA: STUDIES IN OTIDEA 35 2.2. Rehabilitation of Peziza that usually contain likewise differently sized, cantharella Fr. hyaline internal droplets. If the excipulum is composed of three layers (as in most species), Peziza cantharella Fr., Syst. mycol. 2: 48. 1822. – Otidea also the intercellular matter in the middle t. an- cantharella (Fr.) Quél., Enchir. fung. 275. – Flavoscyp- gularis layer sometimes displays the respective ha cantharella (Fr.) Harmaja, Karstenia 14: 107. 1974 [non Flavoscypha cantharella sensu Harmaja 1974 = O. responses. In Melzer mounts, also small brown concinna]. – Type material most probably lacking (Har- (detached?) crystals, small hyaline drops, and maja 1974a). brownish colour may be present in and by the ectal excipulum. Even the contents of excipular Peziza caligata Nyl., Not. Sällsk. F. Fl. Fennica Förh. 10: 8. 1868 (preprint: Obs. Pezizas Fenniae). – Otidea cali- hyphae and the possible indistinct encrustations gata (Nyl.) Sacc., Syll. fung. 8: 95. 1889. – Holotype: on the hyphae of the basal mycelia of the apoth- Finland, Uusimaa, Helsinki, 1850 W. Nylander (H) (Nan- ecia occasionally appear to give somewhat simi- nfeldt 1966; also studied by me). lar responses. The melting into amber drops was observed in The protologue of P. cantharella describes a mounts with boiled cotton blue (only mountant fungus with split, shortly stipitate apothecia, the tested) in a dried specimen of the North Ameri- yellow colour of Cantharellus cibarius, and oc- can O. unicisa (see below). currence in spruce forest in southern Sweden. The Melzer responses should preferably be Only quite recently I came to the conclusion that observed immediately after the mount has been the forgotten or misapplied (as Flavoscypha can- prepared. An incomplete converting or melting tharella for O. concinna, e.g by Harmaja 1974) of the encrustations may at least sometimes re- name Peziza cantharella Fr. clearly refers to the sult from the (too thick?) apothecium section not very poorly known species that Nannfeldt (1966) getting into contact with the mountant. brought into publicity as O. caligata (Nyl.) Sacc. The reddish particles are conspicuously Breasadola (1933: pl. 1227) may be the only au- present in e. g. O. bufonia and O. leporina sensu thor after Fries that has recognized O. cantharel- auct. The amber drops are met with in e.g. O la in this – as I believe – original sense (though onotica, O. phlebophora (very abundantly), and his image shows too pale apothecia). O. tuomikoskii. The encrustations of O. concinna As Nannfeldt (1966, as O. caligata) suggest- respond in all three ways. ed, O. cantharella is obviously a “taiga species” These converting and melting responses, ad- with a European distribution essentially restrict- mittedly often indistinct, apparently have not ed to the northeastern part of the continent, with been observed previously in Otidea, or at least some occurrences on the mountains of Central not been reported.
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