Sustainable Production Technologies for the Cut Flower Industry
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International Specialised Skills Institute Inc SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CUT FLOWER INDUSTRY Brian Shannon National ISS Institute Overseas Fellowship Fellowship supported by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Australian Government ISS Institute Inc. MARCH 2009 © International Specialised Skills Institute ISS Institute Suite 101 685 Burke Road Camberwell Vic AUSTRALIA 3124 Telephone 03 9882 0055 Facsimile 03 9882 9866 Email [email protected] Web www.issinstitute.org.au Published by International Specialised Skills Institute, Melbourne. ISS Institute 101/685 Burke Road Camberwell 3124 AUSTRALIA March 2009 Also extract published on www.issinstitute.org.au © Copyright ISS Institute 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. This project is funded by the Australian Government under the Strategic Intervention Program which supports the National Skills Shortages Strategy. This Fellowship was funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. The views and opinions expressed in the documents are those of the Authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Whilst this report has been accepted by ISS Institute, ISS Institute cannot provide expert peer review of the report, and except as may be required by law no responsibility can be accepted by ISS Institute for the content of the report, or omissions, typographical, print or photographic errors, or inaccuracies that may occur after publication or otherwise. ISS Institute does not accept responsibility for the consequences of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any person as a consequence of anything contained in, or omitted from, this report. Executive Summary The Australian Cut Flower and Foliage Industry is a well established but fragmented industry. Presently it is divided into three sectors: the largest being the traditional flower sector (predominantly protected cropping), the Australian Native and Protea sector which involves predominately in-ground production, and a new tropical cut flower and foliage sector (North Queensland, Northern Territory and Northern Western Australia). The majority of growers involved in the protected cropping sector utilise hydroponics as a method of growing. Hydroponics production as a method of growing in itself is an efficient use of water in that the plants only use what they need. The waste nutrient mix can be collected, treated for pathogens and reused in the system. This creates a saving in the nutrients applied to the crop and the water used by the system. There are two main areas in which significant skill and knowledge gaps exist which the National ISS Institute Overseas Fellowship training will assist in addressing: • Improving water use efficiency and environmental sustainability • Improving production management and profitability through innovative technologies The aim of this Fellowship was to study the technologies of new and innovative water use efficiencies. Greenhouse automation techniques and technologies which have been developed at research and development facilities will be investigated to ascertain their uptake and implementation into the Cut Flower Industry at grower level. New efficiencies must be explored to ensure sustainability and growth within the Australian market. Specific areas of study and development: • Design and application of new water efficient irrigation technologies. • Identification and evaluation of automated greenhouse systems. • Energy savings from advanced ICT climate control systems. • Methods of collection, disinfestation, recycling and reuse of run-off water. • Information on improvements to labour and input efficiencies. • Methods of improving product yield and quality from such technology. • Improvements in workplace health and safety available from the application of automated systems and labour saving devices. Leading the development of technologies which have significantly improved water use efficiencies while also improving production quality and reducing labour inputs, are Israel and a number of countries within Europe (particularly the Netherlands). This study tour provided Shannon with an opportunity to gain first hand experience in sustainable production technologies for the Cut Flower Industry. The Fellowship included site visits to Israel, Spain and the Netherlands. Issues pertaining to export were also able to be addressed as a consequence of the Fellowship opportunity. There are a number of factors which have limited Australia’s performance as an exporter of cut flowers and flower seeds. One of these is the high degree of fragmentation in the industry. The domestic industry is characterised by a large number of producers, without sufficient scale to market their product overseas. Another factor is the lack of understanding of costs and returns by industry producers, which has led Australia to be a relatively high cost producer. Executive Summary In 2004, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation published a study into benchmarking in the industry with the aim of improving profitability (Gerry Parlevliet, Improving profit for the flower grower - a study using benchmarking, August 2004, RIRDC Publication No 04/119 RIRDC Project No DAW-102A). Increased understanding of costs and efficiency in the industry could improve export potential. The following report provides an overview of the Fellowship experience and suggestions for engaging in knowledge transfer activities. In addition, the report concludes with a series of recommendations for Government, industry, the business sector, professional associations, education and training providers, the community and the ISS Institute. Table of Contents i Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 Acknowledgments 1 Awarding Body - International Specialised Skills Institute (ISS Institute) 3 Fellowship Supporter 3 Supporters 5 About The Fellow 6 The Fellowship Program 6 Aim of the Fellowship 6 The Skills/Knowledge Gaps 7 Current Education and Training 8 The Australian Context 9 Key Statistics (Cut Flower Growing in Australia 2008) 9 Real Growth 10 Products and Service Segmentation 10 Major Market Segments 11 Industry Concentration 11 Geographic Spread. Year: 2007 13 Market Characteristics 15 Industry Conditions 16 International Context 16 Tour Itinerary 18 Israel 32 Spain 36 The Netherlands 43 Tour Outcomes 45 Knowledge Transfer: Applying the Outcomes 45 Key Activities 46 Recommendations 46 Government 46 Industry 46 Professional Associations 47 Education and Training 47 Suggestions for Future Study Tours to Meet Skill Deficiencies 48 References 48 Bibliography 48 Journals and Reports 48 Websites 49 Attachments i Abbreviations and Acronyms ACLH Australian Centre for Lifestyle Horticulture AHSC Australian Horticulture Standing Committee DEEWR Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Ec Electrical conductivity EVAO Estimated value of agricultural operations FAQI Flower Association of Queensland Incorporated HAL Horticulture Australia Limited ICT Information and communication technology IDO Industry Development Officer ISS Institute International Specialised Skills Institute NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium PTC Practical Training Centre QFGA Queensland Flower Growers Association QRITC Queensland Rural Industry Training Council R and D Research and Development RTO Registered Training Organisation TAFE Technical and Further Education 1 Acknowledgments Brian Shannon would like to thank the following individuals and organisations who gave generously of their time and their expertise to assist, advise and guide him throughout the Fellowship program. Awarding Body - International Specialised Skills Institute (ISS Institute) We know that Australia’s economic future is reliant upon high level skills and knowledge, underpinned by design and innovation. The International Specialised Skills Institute Inc (ISS Institute) is an independent, national organisation, which has a record of nearly twenty years of working with Australian industry and commerce to gain best-in-the-world skills and experience in traditional and leading- edge technology, design, innovation and management. The Institute has worked extensively with Government and non-Government organisations, firms, industry bodies, professional associations and education and training institutions. The Patron in Chief is Sir James Gobbo AC, CVO. The ISS Institute Board of Management is Chaired by Noel Waite AO. The Board comprises Franco Fiorentini, John Iacovangelo, Lady Primrose Potter AC and David Wittner. Through its CEO, Carolynne Bourne AM, the ISS Institute identifies and researches skill deficiencies and then meets the deficiency needs through itsOverseas Skill Acquisition Plan (Fellowship Program), its education and training activities, professional development events and consultancy services. Under the Overseas Skill Acquisition Plan (Fellowship Program) Australians travel overseas or international experts travel to Australia. Participants then pass on what they have learnt through reports, education and training activities such as workshops, conferences, lectures, forums, seminars and events, therein ensuring that for each Fellowship undertaken many benefit. As an outcome of its work, ISS Institute has gained a deep understanding of the nature and scope of a number