Bamboo for the Environment, Development and Trade Abstracts and Papers International Bamboo Workshop Wuyishan City, Fujian, China 23 October 2006 Sponsored by International Network for Bamboo and Rattan China State Forestry Administration Fujian Provincial Government Content Agenda of the Workshop Table of Contents Session 1: Overview on Global and Regional Bamboo Development Bamboo in Latin America: Past, Present and Future 4 Josefina Takahashi Bamboo Development in Asia 13 Romualdo L. Sta. Ana Bamboo and Rattan Trade Development in Ethiopia 17 Melaku Tadesse Session 2: Bamboo for the Environment Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Bamboo Forest Ecosystems 25 Yang Yuming Effect of Dendrocalamus farinosus Bamboo Plantation on Soil and Water Conservation 26 in National Conversion Programme in Western China Da Zhixiang, Lou Yiping, Dong Wenyuan, and Gao Yanping Diversity, Conservation and Improvement of Bamboos in Northeast India 27 Ombir Singh Bamboo Sweet Riot 28 Martina Dewsnap Carbon Storage and Spatial Distribution of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and 29 Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Plantation Ecosystems Fan Shaohui, Xiao Fuming, Wang Silong, Xiong Caiyun, Zhang Chi, Liu Suping, and Zhang Jian Fertility of Soil and its Capacity and Function on Water Conservation of Moso Bamboo 40 Forests in Low Hill of Chaohu Lake Region Gao Jian, Huang Qingfeng, Wu Zemin, and Peng Zhenhua Mapping Bamboo with UPM-APSB’s AISA Airborne Hyper spectral Sensor in 41 Berangkat Forest Reserve, Malaysia Kamaruzaman Jusoff 1 The Necessity and Feasibility on Development of Standards of Sustainable Bamboo 42 Forest Management and Certification Scheme Li Yanxia and Lou Yiping Primary Report of Bamboo Introduction Experiment in Beijing Area 43 Zhao Kang, Feng Xiaohu, Ou Xiaoping, and Zhang Peixin Study on the Hormonal Mechanism of Earlier Aging of Intensively Managed 53 Phyllostachys praecox Stands Caused by Mulching Cultivation Ding Xingcui Current Status of Germplasm Study and its Conservation of Dendrocalamus sinicus in 54 Yunnan, China Hui Chaomao The Impacts of Human’s Disturbances on the Degradation of Clonal Population of 55 Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Bamboo Forests Dong Wenyuan, Xiao Jianghua, Fu Jiansheng, Xiong Zhuang, and Zheng Jinxuan Environmental Benefits of Bamboo Forests and the Sustainable Development of Bamboo 65 Industry in Western China Hui Chaomao, Yang Yuming and Hao Jiming Session 3: Bamboo for Development Magic Bamboo Charcoal Products in Protecting Human Being’s Health 75 Zhang Qisheng and Zhou Jianbin Sustainable Livelihoods for Reducing Poverty 76 Romualdo L. Sta. Ana Bamboo Eco-housing: Approach for Sustainable Livelihoods of Mukta Kamainyas 77 Vijay Prasad Kesari Gender, Bamboo Sector Development and Rural Livelihoods in Southwest Yunnan of 85 China Huang Shineng, Yang Lingyun and Lou Yiping Diversification of Household Livelihood Strategies for Tobacco Small-holder Farmers: 86 A Case Study of Introducing Bamboo in the South Nyanza Region, Kenya Jacob K. Kibwage, Development Strategies of Follow-up Industry after Converting Slope Farming Lands to 109 Bamboo Forestry in Suijiang County 2 Chen Chong, Dong Wenyuan, Zhen Jinxuan, Duan Chunxiang, and Ma Tingguang Enhancing Bamboo Production and Utilization in Rwanda 117 Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure Study on Sectoral Development of Bamboo Culture in China 122 Dong Wenyuan, Zhao Minyan, Li Bei, and Liu Shicai Study on the Models of Community Development in Bamboo Forest Eco-tourism 129 Li Bei, Dong Wenyuan, Zhao Minyan, Xiong Qihuai, and ZhengYan Recommendations to the Development of Bamboo Industry in You Xi County 136 Zhu Yong and Zheng Ruiyu The Bamboo Business and Poverty Reduction: Initial Insights into High Impact 137 Industrial Development Strategies from the Mekong N Smith, J Marsh and K Key Session 4: Bamboo for Trade Comparative Analysis and Policy Recommendations on Developing Bamboo Resource 147 Tenure Systems in Asia and Africa Wang Xiaoli China’s Overseas Bamboo Market 168 Paul Rufo Conservation Versus Sustainable Utilization of Bamboo Resource in Kenya: A Critical Look into the Utilization in Light of the Recently Gazzetted Forest Act No: 7 169 Gordon O. Sigu Market Development of Bamboo and Rattan Products and Trade in Bangladesh 177 Shaheen Akhter World Bamboo Markets: Preliminary Analysis of Selected Bamboo Product Markets 182 N Smith, K Key and J Marsh Note: 1. All abstracts are editd. The texts of full papers are in the formats and languages as provided by the participants. 2. The compilation of papers were edited by Dr. Lou Yiping and Ms. Li Yanxia in formats. List of Participants 3 Bamboo in Latin America: Past, Present and the Future Josefina Takahashi INBAR´s Board of Trustees Member Executive Director, Asociación Peruana del Bambú – PERUBAMBU Av. Del Parque Sur 129, Of. 301, Urb. Corpac, San Isidro, Lima, Perú Phone: 51-1-2263062, Fax: 51-1-2241177 [email protected] ABSTRACT Almost 50% of world bamboo biodiversity is from America, with Brazil as the country with the largest national complement of species, with almost 134, followed by Venezuela with 68, Colombia 56 and Peru with 48. The most important native genus in Latin America: Guadua sp. and Chusquea sp. Among the large sized bamboos, Guadua angustifolia is the most studied and used native species; due to the physical and mechanic characteristics of the 25-30 m high culms, appropriate for constructions and several other uses. Several exotic bamboo species, mainly from Asia are also present in the new world, among them several species of Bambusa, Phyllostachys, Gigantochloa and Dendrocalamus. Bamboo was used mainly in constructions and tools for farming, music, weapons, among others. Bamboo housing components that are about 4500 years old have been found in Ecuador. During the colonial time “bahareque” technique was use for building old urban traditional houses mainly in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, which after almost 500 years and several strong earthquakes are still in good state. In recent years, bamboo is use for urban and rural marginal housing, but also for complex architectural structures for houses, public buildings and bridges. Even though, bamboo management, transformation and use in Latin America have not reach the traditional level as in Asia; however in recent years, socio economic development and environmental benefits, general interest on bamboo is increasing rapidly. Colombia and Ecuador have more tradition and experience for bamboo use in constructions, but others countries are also improving its use. New plantations and improved technology for management and transformation of native and exotic bamboo species are being implemented. Key words: Bamboo Biodiversity, Bamboo Management, Transformation, Use INTRODUCTION “Bamboo: The Gift of the Gods1” was used in Latin America since ancient times, mainly for vessels, constructions, tools for farming, music, weapons, among others. During the colonial time “quincha” technique was widely use for urban traditional buildings, some of them still in 1 Oscar Hidalgo, 2003. 4 good conditions after the impact of several strong earthquakes. With the development of the “bahareque” technique and other developments, it is increasingly being use for different types of urban and rural infrastructures, an initiative leaded by Colombian and Ecuadorian world known bamboo architects. In a continent where most people live in the small islands of the Caribbean and Central America rather than in South America, where almost 50% of the world’s tropical rain forest inhabits as well as most native bamboo species of this continent. This is also a region where still for some policy makers, only economic indicators are important, with little consideration to social and environmental ones, where concrete and brick are symbol of status and forest land is mean to be use for cropping rather than forest management; but it is also the land where bamboo development is experimenting important advances, specially in construction technology, but still much need to be done in other areas, specially for the development and implementation of national and regional policies for research, technology transfer and capacity building in bamboo forest management and sustainable integrated utilization/industrialization of bamboo. This paper provides a brief review on bamboo diversity and uses in the past, present and an idea about its future in Latin America, based mainly on the information provided by several colleges 2 . Some information about bamboo development in some countries are not being mention in this paper and the presentation, without meaning they are not important, only because space and time limitations. BAMBOO RESOURCES Latin America, with approximately 18´692,000 Km2, is the richest region of the continent in terms of diversity and number of woody bamboo species, 20 genera and 429 species distributed from 47oS in Chile to 27oN in Mexico, among them only one specie (Arundinaria gigantea) from North America is not found in Latin America. Therefore, of the 1110 species of woody bamboos of the world, 39% of the species and 31% of the genera are found in Latin America. It is an estimate that around 11 millions hectares of Latin America are cover with bamboo3. Woody bamboos are found in almost all Latin American habitats with the exception of desert regions. They are distributed from the humid lowland forest at sea level, on the shores of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, to the highlands in the Andes up to 4300 m in the “paramos” (Judziewicz