Tour Code: 45690 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Grade 3 Holiday Duration: 12 nights Beautiful watching in the Caribbean. HOLIDAY DATES 9th Jan 2020 - 21st Jan 2020, 23rd Jan 2020 - 4th Feb 2020

Beautiful bird watching and leisurely exploration in tropical Trinidad and Tobago.

HOLIDAY HIGHLIGHTS

Enjoy unhurried walking on the trails viewing and wildlife.

Observe bird activity from the Asa Wright Nature Centre.

Take a sunset cruise on the Caroni swamp to view Scarlet Ibis.

Explore Dunstan Cave to see the mysterious nocturnal Guacharo. Trinidad & Tobago

Trinidad's dynamic and vibrant beat nestles comfortably alongside the more serene Tobago, which offers the chance to take a step back and relax. The twin-island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago offers visitors the best of two worlds. The proximity of the islands to South America has resulted in an unusually diverse fauna, particularly the islands' birdlife, with no other area in the West Indies, and few areas of comparable size in tropical America, matching the islands' spectacular diversity. Explore on foot and observe along forest tracks and coastal trails – this leisurely holiday has nature at its heart.

On Trinidad we stay firstly in the grounds of the historic Mount St Benedict Monastery. We follow trails up to Mount Tabor, walk in the Arena Forest and visit the Atlantic coast to see Yellow-headed Caracara, Yellow-rumped Cacique and Moriche Oriole in the Nariva swamp and wetlands. We'll take a boat trip on the Caroni Swamp to view Scarlet Ibis and Egrets as they fly in to roost in their hundreds.

Next we travel on to the world famous Asa Wright Nature Centre, a leader in conservation, education and research. With expert guides, we'll discover local trails and see many of the island's specialty species of birds and wildlife including huge Tegu Lizards, Channel-billed Toucans, three species of Trogons, Golden-headed Manikins, White-bearded Manikins and Bearded Bellbirds. A walk to the Dunstan Cave to see the mysterious nocturnal Guacharos (Oilbirds) is not to be missed! We can swim in the natural pools and from the centre's "Terrace" we will enjoy the early morning bird activity at close quarters.

Moving on we take a short flight to Tobago, then onto Speyside on the north eastern corner of this beautiful island. We'll walk on unspoilt mountain, rainforest and coastal trails, hopefully to see nesting seabirds such as Red-billed Tropicbirds and Brown Boobies. We'll also discover a spectacular hummingbird gallery in Speyside that gives amazing opportunities for photographing hummingbirds. WHAT'S INCLUDED  Return flights from Gatwick to Port of Spain returning Tobago to Gatwick (British Airways)  Internal flight Port of Spain to Tobago (Caribbean Airlines)  Airport transfers  Half board en suite accommodation  Lunches at the Asa Wright Nature Centre  Knowledgeable English speaking local guides  All local transport costs.

HOLIDAY GRADE

Birding and walking is a great combination which is why our holiday is a Grade 3 with the emphasis firmly on bird watching. Easy walking on largely level ground will be a feature of a number of the days, whilst spending time to take in the wildlife along the routes used. Walks will therefore, generally be short, around four miles as we experience a wide range of habitats. It is common however to come to across short sections of steep terrain, remember you are in the rainforest! You are unlikely to walk more than 4 miles and the cumulative ascents and descents will be gradual and range from minimal to up to about 300m. Day: 4 - Trinidad (B,D) This morning we’ll walk Proposed Itinerary the tracks of the Aripo Livestock Research Station and should see Savannah Hawk, Green rumped Our bottom line is happy travellers, and to that end Parrotlet, Red Breated Blackbird and Cocoi Heron we trust our tour leaders to use the itinerary below amongst others before we venture over to the as a basis for providing you with a great holiday. We island’s Atlantic coast. Here we’ll drive along the expect our leaders to make adjustments to the palm-fringed coastal road and visit the Nariva itinerary if the weather, group ability or other local Swamp and wetlands. Today we’ll hopefully see conditions make that necessary. There are normally Red-billed Macaws, Yellow-crowned Parrots and an more options available to our leaders than those array of Birds of Prey, herons and hopefully hear, listed below and one or more of these options may and might see, Howler Monkeys well be chosen. All distances, heights & timings are approximate. Day: 5 - Trinidad (B,D) An early start today takes us to the Arena Forest, where we’ll walk lowland Key to Meals: forest tracks (approx. 4 miles) listening and looking B - Breakfast, L - Lunch, D - Dinner. for such species as Little Tinamou, Striped Cuckoo, In flight meals, if appropriate, will be advised in Violaceous Trogon Channel-billed Toucan and Pygmy your final travel documents Kingfisher. Our day ends at the Asa Wright Nature Centre & Lodge, a jewel in Trinidad’s crown, and our Day: 1 - Trinidad (D) Depart London Gatwick for accommodation for the next three nights. Piarco Airport, Trinidad. On arrival, transfer by road to the Pax Guest House, our accommodation for the Day: 6 to 7 - Trinidad (B,L,D) During our two next four nights. Dinner will follow a traditional days at the Asa Wright Nature Centre will be spent welcome rum punch. with the Centre’s expert guides as we have early morning and late evening viewings from the Day: 2 - Trinidad (B,D) Today will be an “Terrace”; explore the Centre’s trails and take a orientation day in and around Mount St Benedict. special walk to the Dunstan Cave to see the Follow the trails from the monastery up towards mysterious nocturnal Guacharos (oilbirds). Along Mount Tabor (approx. 4 miles), where we’ll hope to the trails we will hear the almost deafening ‘clang’ of see a number of birds of prey, the White-tailed Bearded Bellbirds and see leks of White bearded Trogon and the Long-billed Gnatwren, and look at Manakins, Rufous-tailed Jacamar and Golden the Benedictine Monastery. Enjoy a tasty afternoon Headed Giant Antshrike There will be time for tea at the guest house and evening viewing from relaxation too, with dips in the natural pools, the guest house’s veranda, where we can see afternoon tea and traditional rum punches. Orange-crowned Parrots and raptors on their way to roost. Day: 8 - Tobago (B,D) After early morning viewing from the “Terrace”, we have time for a walk Day: 3 - Trinidad (B,D) We visit the west coast of before we go to the airport for our flight to nearby the island with a drive through the Caroni rice fields Tobago. After a short flight to Crown Point Airport to the Point à Pierre Wildfowl Trust to view the on Tobago, we transfer by road to Speyside, and the conservation and captive ibis and whistling duck Blue Waters Inn, our home for the next four nights. breeding project. We’ll make stops at various coastal sites as we return north where we should see many species of seabirds and American waders. We’ll take a boat trip into extensive mangroves on the Caroni swamp and as we cruise along the narrow channels we hope to see Cooke’s Tree Boa and Silky Anteaters high in the mangroves. Special birds here include Green-fronted Mango and Bicoloured Conebill. A highlight will be the spectacular roost of Scarlet Ibis, Egrets and Heron. Day: 9 - Tobago (B,D) We’ll start our day with a under foot. The walks will be taken at leisurely pace coastal walk along Waterwheel and Starwood Trace and range from 2.5 - 4 miles, but this can be spread to Anse Brisant Bay, (approx. 3 miles) following over a full day allowing for stops and time to look at forest trails which offers wonderful views of Little the wildlife and its behaviour, and allowing for Tobago and Goat Island and we hope to see the photographic stops. Some of our days are spent beautiful Blue-crowned Motmot with its amazing entirely out in the field. There will be some early spatula-ended tail. This afternoon, an optional glass starts, as the wildlife and birds can best be seen bottomed boat ride to Little Tobago offers the during the coolest part of the day. The hour prior to chance of swimming, snorkelling and a walk to the sunset is again a very good time for viewing, which summit of the island for the viewing of nesting we will be able to enjoy from our accommodations' colonies of seabirds – Brown Boobies, Red-footed verandas. Boobies and Red-billed Tropicbirds. Our time on Trinidad will be spent in a flurry of Day: 10 - Tobago (B,D) With a fairly early start, activity with some early starts, full days in the field we’ll take a guided walk through the Main Ridge and evening viewing from verandas or from a boat Forest (approx. 2.5 miles), which offers scenic views when we are at Caroni Swamp. Tobago is a little of Sisters Island from the rainforest lookouts, and more laid back and as our hotel sits directly on the we’ll hopefully see the rare Blue-backed Manakin at beach, is a perfect spot for relaxing. their lek, Grey-throated Leaftosser and the White- tailed Sabrewing (hummingbird). Then we descend to Bloody Bay and the fishing village of Optional Excursions Charlotteville with hovering Frigatebirds. A range of local excursions and activities may be available to book at your destination through a local Day: 11 - Tobago (B,D) We’ll start early today as operator. We have no involvement in such activities our travels take us to the southern tip of the island or excursions which are not run, supervised or to Crown Point/Pigeon Point to visit the wetlands controlled in any way by us. Your contract will be and Bon Accord Lagoon viewing Black Skimmers with the local activity supplier and we accept no along with Brown Pelicans and perhaps the rare responsibility for their actions or omissions. Masked Duck, and we’ll enjoy a photographic session at bird feeders for five species of humming birds, Red Crowned , Blue Crowned Leaders Evening Briefing Motmot and other colourful species of birds. Each evening, your tour leader will discuss with you the programme for the following day. If you do not Day: 12 - - (B) After a leisurely morning, we’ll wish to join the organised group programme, please transfer to Crown Point airport for our overnight let the leader know. flight to London Gatwick.

Day: 13 - - (No Meals) Arrive into London Local Transport Costs Gatwick this morning. All local transport costs in conjunction with the advertised activity programme are included in the holiday cost. Bird Spotting Possibilities Below are a selection of birds we hope to spot Personal Expenditure during out time in Trinidad and Tobago. Budgeting for Extras - Trinidad Piping-Guan When budgeting for your holiday, you will need to - Black-bellied Whistling Duck consider drinks, any meals not included in the - American Widgeon holiday price, non-included entrance fees, optional - Masked Duck excursions you may choose to participate in locally - Red-rumped Woodpecker and any souvenirs or additional services such as - Green Kingfisher laundry. A general guideline for lunches and drinks - Belted Kingfisher is £10-£20 per person per day. - Orange-winged Parrot - White-collared Swift There are very little costs to be paid locally in - Green-throated Mango connection with our outlined programme of walks and sightseeing, as the majority of costs are And many many more! included in the holiday price. You may wish to allow US$10 for a donation to Newton's Bird Garden See our full bird list at the end of this Holiday and the optional glass bottomed boat trip to Little Information Pack... Tobago (US$30 at time of writing and includes snorkel equipment), and snorkel hire at the Blue Waters Inn. Any optional excursions taken will be at Walks & Excursions additional cost. Much of the walking is done on well prepared, well marked trails and paths, however there can be uneven stretches and natural steps, which are rough Tipping Although entirely at your own discretion, tipping is an important aspect of tourism and hospitality life and expectations are fairly high. In order to simplify tipping, we strongly recommend that you allow your leader to take care of making sure tips are given to hotel and restaurant staff & to local guides and drivers. This will be done using some funds provided by us together with, if you wish, a contribution from you, which he/she will collect during the holiday. Small Groups Coming from all walks of life your fellow travelling companions will share your desire to discover great things and have a wonderful holiday. Enjoy their infectious enthusiasm, camaraderie and great dinner conversation.

These small-group guided holidays usually have a group size of 10 - 22 people. Tour Leaders Your tour leader makes the world of difference to your holiday and ours are as passionate about discovering the world on foot as you are. They're resourceful, organised and widely travelled. They will handle all the local administration and other needs that might arise to ensure that you don't have to worry about planning your days and you can enjoy your holiday. Although leading group holidays, they won't forget that every group is made up of individuals. Each tour leader has their own individual style, talents and professional backgrounds and all are trained, qualified, experienced and dedicated to making your holiday as enjoyable, interesting and inspiring as possible.

On most holidays of 7 nights and over, the tour leader will have one day's break a week, enabling you to have a 'free' day too!

To enhance your experience, as well as your tour leader, each holiday will be accompanied in some centres by a well qualified and knowledgeable English-speaking local guide. Before finalising any independent travel Travel Details arrangements, please check with us first - especially Flights are from London Gatwick to Piarco Airport, if doing so 12 weeks or more before your intended Port of Spain on Trinidad and return from Crown date of travel. Point Airport, Tobago to Gatwick with British Airways. If you do intend to join your holiday locally please do tell us at least 14 weeks in advance.

The short flight from Trinidad to Tobago on Day 8 of the holiday is arranged by us and is included in the Passports and Visas holiday cost A passport is required for travel to Trinidad & Tobago, which should be valid for a minimum of six The transfer from the airport to the Pax Guest months after your intended return to the UK. British House is by road and takes approximately 30 passport holders do not require a visa to enter. You minutes. will be required to complete an immigration form on arrival, which asks you to list where you will be A tax must be paid on departure from the islands staying. You will find the information you need and this is included in your flight cost. under "Accommodation and Meals" in this document. For all those booking a flight or rail inclusive holiday, details of your travel arrangements and baggage allowance will be confirmed in your travel General Passport & Visa Advice documents, sent to you approximately 10 days prior It is a good idea to carry photocopies of the to departure. personal details pages of your passport. Should you lose your passport, this may assist with the issue of replacement documents and your return to your Land Only home country. If you are joining and leaving at your holiday overseas we assume, unless you advise us Passport and visa requirements can change at any otherwise, that you will join and leave the holiday time. It is your own responsibility to ensure that you from your hotel. inform yourself from a professionally qualified source on, and comply with, such requirements. Although airport transfers are not included for those making their own independent travel arrangements, General travel and destination advice for UK if you wish to join the group at the overseas airport, nationals is available from the Foreign and depending on your flight arrival time, you may be Commonwealth Office at www.fco.gov.uk/travel and able to be included on the group's transfer. Please at www.gov.uk/travelaware. contact us at least 5 weeks before departure for more details.

Please note that your flight must arrive within 30 minutes of the group flight to be able to join the group transfer. We also need your flight number, arrival time and departure point so that the group leader is able to meet up with you.

If you wish to organise your own flights from a non- UK or provincial airport or travel by rail or car to your holiday destination, 'no-travel' reductions are often available. Please contact us for details. Footwear Trekking Poles Good quality walking shoes or trail shoes with a Many of our clients find walking poles hugely thick, moulded rubber sole with a good tread and a beneficial when walking. They can both reduce low heel are likely to be all that is required for these stress on the knees and aid confidence. holidays. If you're a frequent walker and comfortable in good quality hiking sandals, these may be be adequate for some walks. Walking Caribbean Climate and Kit sandals should have an instep, a good sole and The Caribbean has a typical tropical climate with ideally some toe protection. As a matter of personal high temperatures and plenty of rainfall, which is choice, you might prefer to wear a pair of why the islands are so lush. There is little seasonal lightweight walking boots. variation in temperature due to the islands location We recommend that you either wear your walking near the equator, but the seasons are determined boots or shoes or pack them and some waterproofs by the amount of rainfall, and consist of rainy in your hand luggage as in the unlikely event that (generally June to October/November), and dry your hold luggage is delayed, you will still be able to (generally December to May) seasons. participate in the holiday programme. During the wet season, rainfall is usually in the form Outdoor activities are always more enjoyable if you of short, but heavy, bursts with a high increase in are prepared. The following list is a basic guideline humidity, while the dry season's rain showers are that will enhance your experience. Please don't generally lighter and the humidity is not so intense. hesitate to contact us with any questions you may Daytime temperatures can reach up to 30C all year have. round.

With high temperatures and humidity, you will want A basic kit list is likely to include: to dress for comfort. Light cotton t-shirts, shorts, - Waterproof jacket (Goretex or similar) and skirts and trousers are ideal for the day, especially trousers ones that are quick drying so you can rinse them - Lightweight, quick drying trousers out to use again (saves on packing too!). For the - Several polo shirts, T-shirts or specialist walking evenings, smart casual attire is fine. shirts - Fleece jacket The Caribbean can occasionally experience short, - Comfortable walking socks sharp, heavy periods of rain that can occur without - Warm hat and gloves (if appropriate) warning, leaving trails wet and streams higher than - Sun hat, sunglasses, lip salve and high SPF sun normal. When this happens, for some trails we may block need to change the plan at short notice or, for more - Swimwear (if appropriate) straightforward trails, it has been very useful in the - Day sack (25 litre capacity) to comfortably carry past to don water/aqua-shoes for short sections the kit you'll take out for the day where lying water is higher than boot level. These - Strong polythene bags to keep the contents of shoes can also be useful in and around rocky areas your daypack dry like waterfalls, for people with sensitive feet when - Water bottle(s) - at least 1 litre capacity getting in and out of water. It is also useful to carry - Basic first aid kit (plasters, blister treatment, a small, light towel. You may feel that waterproof antiseptic etc) trousers are not needed. - repellent - Plastic container and reusable cutlery for your picnic lunches - Walking/trekking poles (if applicable) Water-to-Go An alternative to bottled water from single-use sealed water bottles is filtered water from a refillable bottle containing its own water filter such as a Water-to-go bottle available from www.watertogo.eu. Just fill up from any water You may also wish to visit the Trinidad & Tobago source and save the environment from disposable website at www.gotrinidadandtobago.com plastic bottles. Maps and guidebooks relating to your holiday may We have negotiated an exclusive 15% discount with be obtained before departure from: our partners Water-to-Go for you as a thank you for helping the environment. Please go to their website The Map Shop (www.themapshop.co.uk) at www.watertogo.eu and enter the code RWH17 when ordering. In addition, Water-to-Go will match the discount with a donation to our charity, Heart & Weather and Climate Sole, which will allow us to continue to make a Visit the following websites for an idea of the difference in the countries you visit on our holidays. climate in your destination:

Weather2 www.myweather2.com Travel Document Checklist Documents and Information to take with you: BBC Weather www.bbc.co.uk/weather

- Your passport (make sure it's valid and it's yours) - Your travel tickets or e-ticket itinerary - Any visa or electronic travel authorisation (if required) - Holiday money - Credit or debit cards (and separate details of who to call if lost) - Car parking ticket and car park directions (if prebooked) - Coach or rail travel tickets (if prebooked) - Your holiday Booking Confirmation document - Your travel insurance details - Alternative form of identification (such as a driving licence) - Photocopy of the personal details pages of your passport - A valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) if relevant - Details of any medical condition or allergy your holiday leader should know about Maps, Guidebooks & Advice Maps and books of Trinidad & Tobago may be obtained before departure from specialist map sellers such as The Map Shop

Books:

Birds of Trinidad & Tobago – by Martin Kenefick, Robin Restall & Floyd Hayes – published by Helm Fieldguides

Birds of Trinidad & Tobago (3rd edition) – by Richard ffrench – published by Cornell University Press ISBN: 978-0-8014-7364-7

A Birdwatchers' Guide to Trinidad & Tobago – by William L Murphy – published by Prion Ltd

The Rough Guide to Trinidad & Tobago – by Dominique De-Light and Polly Thomas – published by Rough Guide publications

Websites: Currency Language Currency Engish - French, Spanish, Hindi and Chinese are also The currency in Trinidad & Tobago is the Dollar spoken. (TT$). US Dollars are also accepted in many locations. Insurance

Health Travel Insurance No compulsory immunisations are required for visits You must be adequately insured to join our holidays. to Trinidad and Tobago. We do not insist that you insure with us but we require that you are adequately insured for the You should be up to date with the usual nature of your holiday. You will be unable to immunisations recommended in the UK. participate in our local walking and other activity programmes without being able to demonstrate that Tetanus immunisation is recommended. you have valid travel insurance.

You may also wish to consider immunisations Please ensure that as a minimum your travel against Diphtheria, Hepatitis B and Yellow Fever. insurance policy covers you for travel to your holiday destinations (country and geographical Dengue fever, Chikungunya virus and Zika virus region) and for medical expenses, mountain rescue also exist in Trinidad and Tobago; please take (including helicopter rescue) and emergency normal precautions against mosquito bites. Seek repatriation to your home country in the event of pre-travel Zika virus advice from your health care illness or injury. Your policy should also provide provider 6-8 weeks in advance of travel, particularly adequate cover for the activities, included and important if you are pregnant or planning optional, you are likely to participate in during your pregnancy. holiday.

Health requirements can change at any time. It is See our brochure or website for further advice your own responsibility to ensure that you inform regarding holiday insurance. yourself from a professionally qualified source on, and comply with, such requirements at least 6 to 8 Whoever you insure with, please ensure that you weeks before departure. Advice on vaccinations is take full details, and ideally the policy itself, with available from your GP. you on holiday and provide our tour leader with your insurer's name, the policy number and emergency assistance contact numbers. Further Travel Health Advice For further advice please visit: Please note that it is very difficult to obtain travel insurance once your holiday arrangements have - The National Travel Health Network and Centre started. (NaTHNaC) travel health website at www.travelhealthpro.org.uk - The NHS 'Fit for travel' website at Personal Safety www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk The UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office provides up - The Foreign Office Office Travel Advice Website at to date information on security and local laws for www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice. travellers, together with current passport and visa - Or a local travel health clinic. information, at www.gov.uk/travelaware. Please take a few minutes to look at the current advice on You might wish to take a small bottle of antibacterial your planned destination. hand gel with you for times when you're unable to wash your hands. Please be aware of what's going on around you, take sensible precautions with your credit cards and passport and avoid displays of wealth such as Should we make a major change to your holiday wearing expensive jewellery or watches. Do not arrangements between you booking your holiday carry more cash on you than you will need for each and your date of travel we will notify you to day, and we recommend that a money belt is used. specifically draw your attention to any significant change.

Cultural Awareness You may wish to review the latest version of this Holiday Information Sheet online prior to travel. Responsible Travel We're committed to ethical tourism in all our Please note that any advertised offers, benefits or destinations. Our holidays are designed for you to initiatives may be discontinued at any time. discover the essence of the country you are visiting. Travelling in small groups not only gives you an up close and personal experience of your destination, Contact Us but minimises your impact on the immediate Ramblers Walking Holidays environment. We feel that the most important starting point to protect the environment is to be - Tel: UK +44 (0)1707 331133 out in it. For more details visit our website. - Email: [email protected] - Web: www.ramblersholidays.co.uk

Heart & Sole Our office is open and our Sales & Reservations We appreciate that we are in a fortunate position to team available to speak to you from: be able to use our profits to help make a difference to people's lives. Heart & Sole is a venture managed - 9am to 6pm Monday to Friday by our office staff, whose aim is to reach the heart - 9.15am to Midday on Saturdays of the communities in the countries we visit. - 9.15am to 3pm on Saturdays in January & Through Heart & Sole, we hope to make more of a February only long term, direct impact to these communities, particularly in less developed countries where even Please quote your Booking Reference number and a small amount goes a long way. See our website Tour Code whenever contacting us. for more information and details of some of the projects we support. We wish you an enjoyable holiday! Communication

Mobile Phones Please do provide us with a mobile phone contact number. We will only use this to contact you with important information relating to your holiday arrangements.

Please do keep your mobile phones switched on and readily available when travelling to the airport or if delayed in transit so that we can contact you with any last minute information relating to your travel arrangements.

As a matter of courtesy, please switch off your mobile phone during walks, or endeavour to minimise its use. Please also try to minimise the use of mobile devices during group meals. Feedback We welcome all comments about our holidays and value ideas for the future. If you have provided us with an email address we will invite you to complete an online questionnaire or to add feedback to our page on independent review site 'Feefo'. Important Information Please note that this Holiday Information sheet may be periodically updated and reissued.

In most cases the revisions will be minor and the overall nature of the holiday will remain unchanged.

Trinidad and Tobago – Bird Checklist

Species Scientific Name Seen

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygne autumnalis Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor Blue-winged Teal Anas discors White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus Rufous-vented Chachalaca Ortalis ruficaudi Trinidad Piping-Guan Pipile pipile Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus American Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber White-tailed Tropicbird (Atlantic) Phaethon lepturus catesbyi Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens Brown Booby (Atlantic) Sula leucogaster Red-footed Booby Sula sula Neotropic Cormorant Phalocrocorax brasilianus Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Brown Pelican (Southern) Pelecanus occcidentalis Pinnated Bittern Botaurus pinnatus Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Great Egret Ardea alba Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Green Heron Butorides virescens Striated Heron (South American) Butorides striata Black-crowned Night-Heron (American) Nycticorax nycticorax Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea Cochlearius cochlearius Boat-billed Heron (Southern) cochlearius Scarlet Ibis Eudocimus ruber Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus American Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Osprey Pandion haliatus Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus serus Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus Long-winged Harrier Circus buffoni Geranospiza caerulescens Crane Hawk (Grey) caerulescens Common Black Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus Savannah Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis Grey-lined Hawk Asturina nitida Broad-winged Hawk (Caribbean) Buteo platypterus Short-tailed Hawk Buteo bracryurus Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris Sora Porzana carolina American Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica Common Gallinule (American) Gallinula chloropus Limpkin (Brown-backed) Aramus guarauna guarauna Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked Stilt mexicanus Black-bellied (Grey) Plover Pluvialis squatarola Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover cinnamominus Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria solitaria Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Tringa semipalmata Willet (Eastern) semipalmata Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Whimbrel (Hudsonian) Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Red Knot Caiidris canutus rufa Sanderling Calidris alba Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri Wilson's Snipe Gallinago delicata Laughing Gull Larus atricilla Herring Gull (American) Larus argentatus smithsonianus Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus graellsii Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Royal Tern (American) Thalasseus maxima Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern (Cabot's) acuflavidus Thalasseus sandvicensis Cayenne Tern eurygnathus Black Skimmer Rynchops niger Rock (Feral) Pigeon Columba livia Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennisis Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Scaly-naped Pigeon Patagioenas squamosa Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina albivitta

Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi zapluta Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Lined Quail-Dove Zentrygon linearis Eared Dove Zinaida auriculata Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus minor Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia naevia Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Barn Owl (American) Tyto alba hellmayri Tropical Screech Owl Megascops choliba cruciger Glaucidium brasilianum Ferruginous Pygmy Owl phaloenoides Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus Oilbird Steatornis caripensis Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila rutila Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Lesser -tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata White-necked Jacobin (Trinidad) Florisuga mellivora mellivora White-necked Jacobin (Tobago) Florisuga mellivora flabellifera Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsuta Green Hermit Phaethornis guy Little Hermit Phaethornis longuemareus Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae Ruby-topaz Hummingbird Chrysolampis mosquitus Green-throated Mango Anthracthorax viridigula Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Tufted Coquette Lophornis ornatus Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris Chlorostilbon mellisugus Blue-tailed Emerald caribaeus Blue-chinned Sapphire Chlorestes notatus White-tailed Sabrewing Campylopterus ensipennis White-chested Emerald Amazilia brevirostris Copper-rumped Hummingbird (Tobago) Amazilia tobaci tobaci Copper-rumped Hummingbird Amazilia tobaci erythronotos (Trinidad) Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon Trogon viridis Guianan (Violaceous) Trogon Trogon violaceous Collared Trogon Trogon collaris Trinidad Motmot Momotus bahamensis Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubicapillus Red-rumped Woodpecker Veniliornis kirkii Golden-olive Woodpecker (Tobago) Piculus rubiginosus tobagensis

Golden-olive Woodpecker (Trinidad) Piculus rubiginosus trinitatis Lineated Woodpecker Drycopus lineatus Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Merlin (Taiga) Falco columbarius Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Lilac-tailed Parrotlet Touit batavicus Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona Ochrocephala Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica Green-rumped Parrotlet Forpus passerinus Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Great Antshrike Taraba major Black-crested Antshrike Sakesphorus canadensis Thamnophilus doliatus Barred Antshrike (Tobago) tobagensis Barred Antshrike (Trinidad) Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus Plain Antvireo (Tobago) Dysithamnus mentalis oberi Plain Antvireo (Trinidad) Dysithamnus mentalis andrei White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea White-bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes Black-faced Antthrush Fomicarius analis Grey-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus albigularis albigularis Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Greyish) Sittasomus griseicapillus Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Streak-headed Woodcreeper littoralis Streaked Xenops Xenops rutillans Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Stripe-breasted Spinetail (Trinidad) Synallaxis cinnamomea carri Synallaxis cinnamomea Stripe-breasted Spinetail (Tobago) terrestris camptostoma obsoletum Southern Beardless Tyrannulet pusillum Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii trinitatis Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Mionectes oleagineus Ochre-bellied Flycatcher pallidiventris Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyas flaviventris White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus insularis Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus bogotensis Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemtriccus fuscatus Pied Water-Tyrant Fluvicola pica White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Bright-rumped Attila (Southern) Attila spadiceus Venezuelan Flycatcher Myiarchus venezuelensis Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea Tropical Kingbird Tyrranus melancholicus Grey Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis vorax Bearded Bellbird Procnias averano Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxphia pareola White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Golden-headed Manakin Pipra erythrcephala Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana cayana White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Red-eyed Vireo (Trinidad) Vireo olivaceus vividior Red-eyed Vireo (Tobago) Vireo olivaceus tobagensis Red-eyed Vireo (migratory Chivi) Vireo olivaceus chivi Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes Golden-fronted Greenlet Hylophilus aurantiifrons saturata Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Northern) Cyclarhis gujanensis flavipectus Southern Rough-winged Swallow ruficollis Caribbean Martin dominicensis Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalbea White-winged Swallow albiventer pyrrhonota House Wren (Southern) Troglodytes aedon tobagensis Rufous-breasted Wren (Trinidad) Thryothorus rutilus rutilus Rufous-breasted Wren (Tobago) Thryothorus rutilus tobagensis Ramphocaenus melanurus Long-billed Gnatwren trinitatis Yellow-legged Thrush Platycichla flavipes Cocoa Thrush Turdus fumigatus Spectacled Thrush Turdus nudigenis White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus Northern Waterthrush Seirus noveboracencis American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia aestiva Basileuterus culicivorus Golden-crowned Warbler olivascens Masked gularis nigrigenis White-shouldered Tachyphonus luctuosus White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Silver-beaked Tanager Tamphocelus carbo Blue-grey Tanager (Trinidad) Thruapis episcopus nesophila Blue-grey Tanager (Tobago) Thruapis episcopus berlepschi Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Speckled Tanager Tangara guttata Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola viridissima Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Purple Cyanerpes caerueus longirostris Red-legged Honeycreeper (Tobago) Cyanerpes cyaneus tobagensis Red-legged Honeycreeper (Trinidad) Cyanerpes cyaneus cyaneus Green Honeycreeper Chlorphanes spiza Bicolored Conebill Conirostrum bicolor Saffron Sicalis flaveola

Grassland Yellow-Finch Sicalis luteola Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta minuta Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosa Black-faced Grassquit Tiaris bicolor Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens brewsteri Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica rubra Red-breasted Blackbird (Meadowlark) Sturnella militaris Carib Grackle Quiscalus lugubris Yellow-hooded Blackbird Chrysomus icterocephalus Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Icterus cayanensis Epaulet (Moriche) Oriole chrysocephalus Yellow Oriole Icterus nigrogularis trinitatis Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Trinidad Euphonia trinitatis Euphonia violacea