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KBA Profile: Ashambu Hills KBA Profile: Ashambu Hills National Site Name Ashambu Hills English Name KBA delineation Catchment No - But focal areas for freshwater biodiversity are likely to be identified as more information Focal area delineation becomes available. It is likely to be in the upper and eastern tributaries that are still forested. The Ashambu Hills KBA comprises of two catchments (Karamana and Neyyar) in the very southern tip of Kerala, draining the Ashambu Hills. Both rivers are dammed, and provide water for Trivandrum (capital of Kerala). The upper catchments are covered by rainforest which is Site description designated as Wildlife Sanctuaries (Peppara and Neyyar). The middle and lower catchments are a mosaic of urban areas with 'home gardens' and rubber plantations. The freshwater habitats in the catchments are not well surveyed, but it is expected that they will contain high levels of endemism. Management required at Yes catchment scale Management required at focal No area within catchment KBA Trigger Species Group Species Criterion1 Criterion2 Criterion3 Notes Crabs Cylindrothelphusa steniops NA 8709.900448 NA Fishes Batasio travancoria VU 10110.28229 NA Fishes Hyporhamphus xanthopterus VU 8414.933908 NA Fishes Monopterus fossorius EN 18181.75102 NA Fishes Puntius arenatus VU 13802.26318 NA Odonata Esme mudiensis NA 21199.4574 NA Odonata Platysticta deccanensis VU 29167.59293 NA Odonata Protosticta davenporti NA 17361.03282 NA Odonata Protosticta rufostigma NA 8144.388313 NA Plants Anaphalis beddomei VU NA NA Plants Anaphalis wightiana VU NA NA Plants Dimeria hohenackeri EN NA NA Plants Farmeria indica EN NA NA Shrimps Caridina natarajani NA 3690.432666 NA Crabs Travancoriana charu NA 4396.99854 NA Fishes Puntius mahecola NA 16651.9995 NA Odonata Protosticta sanguinostigma VU 24051.87867 NA Plants Willisia selaginoides VU 6112.683667 NA Shrimps Macrobrachium indicum NA 1492.498405 NA Fishes Channa diplogramma VU NA NA Crabs Vanni travancorica NA 1338.453411 NA Protected Areas Overlap with KBA Name Designation Desig. Type Status PA Management Focus Mundanthurai Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity managemernt Neyyar Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity managemernt Peppara Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity managemernt Western Ghats World Heritage Site International Inscribed No freshwater biodiversity managemernt Potential KBA Stakeholders* Vamanapuram Samrakshana Samithi River Research Centre Centre for Environment and Development Kerala Forest Department Department of Aquatic Biology, Kerala University Travancore Natural History Society Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre KBA Freshwater Habitats Habitats (IUCN Classification Scheme) 5.1 Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks(includes waterfalls) 5.2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.4 Bogs Marshes Swamps Fens Peatlands[generally over 8ha] 5.7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools(under 8ha) 5.8 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools(under 8ha) 5.18 Karst and Other Subterranean Inland Aquatic Systems 9.10 Estuaries 15.1 Water Storage Areas(over 8ha) Threats to KBA Threats (IUCN Classification Scheme) Notes 1.1 Housing & urban areas 1.2 Commercial & industrial areas 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture 3.2 Mining & quarrying 7.1 Fire & fire suppression 7.2 Dams & water management/use 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water 9.2 Industrial & military effluents 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.4 Garbage & solid waste Conservation actions for KBA Conservation actions (IUCN In Needed Notes Classification Scheme) place 2.1 Site/area management Yes Catchment management 2.2 Invasive/problematic species Yes control 2.3 Habitat & natural process Yes Flow regime and river bank restoration restoration 4.1 Formal education Yes 4.2 Training Yes 4.3 Awareness & communications Yes 5.2 Policies and regulations Yes 5.3 Private sector standards & Yes codes Implementation of Wetland (Conservation and Management) Act 2010 5.4 Compliance and enforcement Yes & Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974. Food Security Used for food security Score Notes 1. Subsistence Optional/alternative 1 Essential staple 2 Emergency 0 2. Commercial Local 2 Regional 2 National 0 3.Migrant fishers 0 Notes Brackish water (many groups) Other Eriocaulon ensforme & Fuirena ponmudiensis two semi-aquatic plants (not yet assessed for IUCN RL) are endemic to this KBA. Melanoneura bilineata (odonata) currently assessed as NT, is now thought to be restricted to two area (Coorg and this KBA). The freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium aemulum ssp. keralauni is Other biodiversity also endemic to this KBA. There are two trees Cryptocarya anamalayana, and Cyanometra beddomi that are almost endemic to the KBA. A number of Western Ghats endemic birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians occur within the KBA. Protected areas overview 1. Abraham, R.K., Kelkar, N. and Kumar, A.B. 2011. Freshwater fish fauna of the Ashambu Hills landscape, southern Western Ghats, India, with notes on some range extensions. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(3): 1585-1593. 2. Bahir, M.M. and Yeo, D.C.J. 2007. The Gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: References Decapoda: Brachyura). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 16:309-354. 3. Raghavan, R. 2011. Need for further research on the freshwater fish fauna of the Ashambu Hills landscape. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(5): 1788-1791. 4. River Research Centre. 2013. Report on Monitoring of Fish Diversity of Rivers in Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, Thiruvananthapuram. 98 pp. Ali, A., Amitha Bachan, K.H., Anatha, L., Dahanukar, N., Jayachandran, K.V., Molur, S., Nameer, P.O., Acknowledgments Raghavan, R., Subbramanian, K.A., Rehel, S.M. and Vinod, T.R. * Potential KBA stakeholders have not been contacted in any official capacity nor have they endorsed the KBA – they are a list of potential stakeholders to inform any organisation or individual who may want to undertake conservation activities on freshwater biodiversity in this KBA .
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