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Les Effets De L'altitude Sur La Performance Et L'endurance

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Les Effets De L'altitude Sur La Performance Et L'endurance Bulletin d’information mensuel Les effets de l’altitude sur la performance et l’endurance Le système de GO2 Altitude présenté Le Peak Centre suit donc des principes par Peak Centre Montréal lors des d’entraînement bien établis, à savoir, le Par Pierre Albert récentes manifestations sportives a principe de surcharge, le principe de Hutsebaut, entraîneur suscite beaucoup d’intérêt et de spécificité, le principe d’adaptation et certifié niveau IV demande d’information. Voici quelques le principe de récupération. Pour le bénéfice des articles qui peuvent vous éclairer sur le lecteurs du bulletin du sujet. Comme beaucoup d’articles de ce Spécificité et adaptation: on simule PEAK Centre de Haute genre, ils sont en anglais mais une des atmosphères de plus en plus Performance de Montréal traduction risquerait de déformer les élevées donc de plus en plus pauvre en faits présentés par les auteurs, c’est O2 comme on en rencontre lorsqu’on pourquoi nous vous les offrons dans fait de l’alpinisme ou un stage leurs versions originales. d’entraînement en altitude ce qui oblige l’organisme à s’adapter Le système GO2Altitude est un progressivement à ces conditions. appareil qui simule les conditions atmosphériques en atmosphère Surcharge et récupération : pour raréfiée en oxygène. Au niveau de la commencer, on détermine quel sera le mer, la composition de l’air est niveau d’altitude que l’athlète pourra d’environ 20-21% en oxygène. Lorsque supporter sans inconfort. Il est l’on s’élève, ce pourcentage diminue, il évident que si l’on simule d’entrée une est par exemple de 12 % a 4500 m et altitude de 5000 à 6000 mètres, on de 9% a 6500 m. Le programme risque de ne pas se sentir très bien! proposé par le Peak Centre de Puis cette estimation étant faite, on Montréal consiste à entraîner procède par courtes séances ( 5 l’organisme à s’adapter à ces conditions minutes à la fois) suivies de périodes d’oxygène raréfié. Pour cela, le Peak de récupération à l’air ambiant. Centre utilise l’approche IHT Comment fait-on cela? En appliquant et (Intermittent Hypoxic Training) qui en ôtant le masque qui relie le patient comme son nom l’indique est un au simulateur d’altitude. Pleins feux sur : programme d’entraînement par intervalles. Vous savez sans doute les -Présentation de bénéfices réels de tout entraînement l’appareil G02 par intervalles en termes d’adaptation. -Nos services -Article scientifique de Dr HAMLIN de l’université Lincoln-N2 Page 2 sur 4 concrètement Que proposons-nous ? le GO2 altitude®, à quoi ça sert ? Le Peak Centre propose une série de Pour les amateurs d’alpinisme, 12 séances de IHT espacées sur une il est certain que votre adaptation à période maximum de 4 semaines. Les l’altitude vous fera gagner de nombreux effets se feront sentir pendant jours dans votre expédition. Traditionnellement, vous devez progresser plusieurs semaines après l’arrêt du par paliers pour permettre à votre traitement. Il est alors conseillé de organisme de s’adapter. Grâce au système reprogrammer des séances à GO2Altitude du Peak Centre, vous serez intervalles donnés pour en tirer le prêt à affronter vos défis de montagne dès plus grand bénéfice. C’est comme un votre arrivée. Plus de crainte à propos du plan d’entraînement annuel, il y a des mal de montagne, de maux de tête, phases et des cycles déterminés en d’œdème pulmonaire si vous vous êtes fonction des objectifs de chacun. correctement acclimatés avant de partir. Il est remarquable de constater que cette En somme, ce système permet approche fait désormais partie de d’appliquer l’approche « Train low, l’entraînement des pilotes. Pour en Live High » dont vous trouverez plus apprendre plus, nous vous référons au site : de détails dans la fiche de recherche suivante : http://www.hypoxic-training.com http://www.savoir- sport.org/savoir_sport/index_f.aspx ?ArticleID=220@criteria=hypoxie&t emplateID=14 le système GO2 altitude sert à : -Simuler les conditions d’oxygénation (pauvres en O2) de 2500m à 6500m d’altitude Quelques définitions -Améliorer votre capacité de INTERMITTENT HYPOXIC TRAINING transport de l’oxygène aux muscles -Améliorer votre VO2 max Hypo: reduced, lack Oxy: relating to Oxygen -Améliorer votre condition physique Definition: Breathing air with reduced oxygen générale content (“mountain air”) resulting in enhanced athletic performance and general health and -Améliorer votre système wellbeing. immunitaire Intermittent: cycling between hypoxic and normal air that magnifies the efficiency of hypoxic training -Vous donner plus d’énergie au quotidien en augmentant votre . L’alpinisme endurance et votre résistance au stress Le système GO2 altitude, à la fine pointe des méthodes d’entraînement en hypoxie !!! Pour en savoir plus : www.go2altitude.com Simulated altitude training shows benefits Page 3 sur 4 The subjects were similar in age, Groundbreaking research at Lincoln OU SOMMES NOUS SITUES ? University, supported by the Canterbury height, weight and competitive level. 6982 Cote de Liesse Medical Research Foundation, has shown Over three weeks in daily 90-minute Montréal, Qc H4T 1Y5 that intermittent, simulated altitude sessions on an average of five days per week, the two groups breathed Téléphone : training for athletes can boost the (514) 341-7325 formation of immature red blood cells, through hand-held facemasks 1-877-878-PEAK important for carrying oxygen around connected to a commercially available hypoxicator device. Télécopie : the body. (514) 341-2574 Under the leadership of sports scientist For the IHT group the intermittent Adresse électronique : breathing was administered in a ratio [email protected] Dr Mike Hamlin of Lincoln University’s Environment, Society and Design Division, of five minutes hypoxic air followed assisted by physician Dr John Hellemans by five minutes of normal air. The Il faut compter dix ans of Active Health, QEII, Christchurch, oxygen concentration in the hypoxic d’entraînement intensif the effects of “intermittent hypoxic gas was progressively reduced in the pour exceller en quoi que training” (IHT) on athletic performance IHT group from 13% in day 1-2 to 10% by week 3. ce soit. were investigated. Blood samples were taken at intervals Herbert A. Simon, Hypoxic refers to lack of oxygen, such as and analyzed. The subjects were also Prix Nobel (1916-2001) that experienced at high altitudes, and put through running time trials to athletes in many sports have long used determine the effect of IHT on altitude training as a way of building up performance. the important oxygen-carrying red cells All in all the researchers were able to in the blood before launching into conclude that the use of intermittent demanding, energy-sapping events. The normobaric hypoxia in five-minute All Blacks use the principle when they intervals for 90 minutes a day, five “acclimatize” on South Africa’s High days a week for three weeks, was Veldt before playing at Johannesburg, sufficient to elicit blood changes that around 5500 feet above sea level. suggest an acceleration of red cell “Acclimatization can, however, be costly formation. They were also able to and time-consuming,” says Dr Hamlin. “To show that this type of training was Nous sommes sur le Web ! successful at increasing endurance spend lengthy periods fulltime at high Adresse : altitude training camps ahead of an event performance. http://www.peakcentremontreal.ca can drain budgets and strain “We have used IHT in Christchurch relationships. How much better if the since 1999 with good success,” says same physiological effect can be Dr Hellemans. achieved intermittently in simulated “It is used not only by athletes to circumstances close to home, at a improve endurance but also by fraction of the cost.” mountaineers and high altitude Simulated altitude training devices have trekkers to acclimatize before become a popular alternative for many arriving at altitude. athletes but whether they are beneficial “There is now convincing evidence that or not has been a matter of debate. IHT is an effective and convenient Lincoln University’s research has come up tool for acclimatization, thereby with the first randomized double-blind, reducing the chance of altitude experimental data indicating that the sickness greatly. devices may be an effective, cheaper and “IHT is also effective as a more convenient method of applying an complementary treatment for chronic altitude stimulus to endurance athletes. illness, in particular heart disease, The regimes the athletes were exposed fatigue and asthma. IHT has a similar to were the equivalent of oxygen levels in effect on bodily functions as exercise the air at the top of Mount Cook and and can therefore be used for even higher. treatment and prevention.” Twenty-two multi-sport endurance Dr Hamlin says that while it seems athletes were randomly assigned to that red cell production probably either a placebo or hypoxic group. plays a part in the performance enhancements found with this type of training, other mechanisms are undoubtedly at work and he and Dr Hellemans are keen to conduct further research in this field. Étude faite pour l’École de ski et d’alpinisme, Nous disposons de France (july 2004, Clermont-Ferrand, France) In this way, your body increases red blood l’ergomètre le plus cell production, but you are able to maintain performant : Living high- training low : effect on red cell high intensity training. Several recent mass and aerobic performance in elite middle- studies have found performance benefits CompuTrainer™ distance runners from the live high/train low method. The problem with living high and training low, Robach Paul, Brugniaux Julien V, Schmitt however, is that it can be a logistical Laurent, Nicolet Gerard, Fouillot Jean-Pierre, nightmare. There are only a few places in Lasne Françoise, Moutereau Stéphane, Olsen the world where you can live at a high Niels V, Richalet Jean-Paul altitude and quickly drive down to low altitude to work out.
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  • Approach Using Simulated Altitude Exposure Ian Ratz
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