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Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990
Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990 Geoffrey Jones Christina Lubinski Working Paper 12-003 July 22, 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Geoffrey Jones and Christina Lubinski Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990 Geoffrey Jones Christina Lubinski 1 Abstract This working paper examines corporate strategies of political risk management during the twentieth century. It focuses especially on Beiersdorf, a German-based pharmaceutical and skin care company. During World War 1 the expropriation of its brands and trademarks revealed its vulnerability to political risk. Following the advent of the Nazi regime in 1933, the largely Jewish owned and managed company, faced a uniquely challenging combination of home and host country political risk. The paper reviews the firm's responses to these adverse circumstances, challenging the prevailing literature which interprets so-called "cloaking" activities as one element of businesses’ cooperation with the Nazis. The paper departs from previous literature in assessing the outcomes of the company’s strategies after 1945. It examines the challenges and costs faced by the company in recovering the ownership of its brands. While the management of distance became much easier over the course of the twentieth century because of communications -
24058577 Leseprobe Beiersdorf.Pdf
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf. Die Geschichte des Unternehmens hinter den Marken NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co 2018. 410 S., mit zahlreichen farbigen Abbildungen, Diagrammen und Tabellen ISBN 978-3-406-72508-1 Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier: https://www.chbeck.de/24058577 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf. Die Geschichte des Unternehmens hinter den Marken NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co C. H. BECK 181025_BDF_Layout_d_rz.indd 1 25.10.18 19:07 Inhalt 6 Einleitung 16 Kapitel 1 1880 bis 1890 Paul Beiersdorf. Sein „Laboratorium derma to therapeutischer Präparate“ und die Anfänge des Unternehmens 29 Kapitel 2 1890 bis 1918 Markenprodukte für die ganze Welt. Leukoplast, Pebeco & Nivea 61 Kapitel 3 1918 bis 1933 Reorganisation und Neubeginn. Markenrechtskonflikte, neue Produkte und neue Krisen 98 Kapitel 4 1933 bis 1945 Boykott, gute Geschäfte und Kriegswirtschaft 143 Kapitel 5 1945 bis 1969 Produkte für jedermann. Wiederaufbau, Wirtschaftswunder und Neubeginn im Ausland 202 Kapitel 6 1969 bis 1989 Divisionalisierung als Strategie. cosmed, pharma, medical und tesa 275 Kapitel 7 1989 bis 2003 Global für die Haut 335 Nachwort für wissen schaft liche Leserinnen und Leser 350 Anhang Anmerkungen, Tabellen, Aufsichtsrats- und Vorstandsmitglieder 1922 bis 2004, Quellenverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis, Register 181025_BDF_Layout_d_rz.indd 4 25.10.18 19:07 Abbildungen und Tabellen 37 Abb. 2.1 Umsatz der P. Beiersdorf & Co. 1900 bis 1915 43 Abb. 2.2 Umsatz, Reingewinn und Zahl der Beschäftigten 1900 bis 1917 55 Abb. 2.3 Gewinn der Eigentümer, Summe der Löhne und Gehälter 1909 bis 1917 90 Abb. 3.1 Beiersdorf-Auslandsfirmen. Besitzverhältnisse am 1. November 1934 113 Abb. -
Repos HCU Hamburg
HAMBURG . EIN KULTUR H ISTORISC he R STADTFÜ H R E R VON A BIS Z BAC he LOR The SIS HafenCity Universität Hamburg Gregor Zoch Kultur der Metropole BA Matrikelnummer: 3015017 Wintersemester 2012/13 Adenauerallee 32 Bachelor Thesis 20097 Hamburg [email protected] [email protected] Erstprüfer: Prof. Dr. Rolf Lindner 0178 1941988 Zweitprüfer: Dominik Scholl, Master of Arts INHALT I Rahmen der Arbeit 1 Einleitung………………….………………..……………... 1 2 Die drei Schlüsselbegriffe…….……………………………….. 2 2.1 Textur…………….………………………….…….. 2 2.2 imaginaire………….……………………….………. 3 2.3 Habitus…………….………………………………. 4 3 Herangehensweise…………….…………….…….…………. 5 4 Layout………………………………….………….……… 7 II Hamburg. Ein Kulturhistorischer Stadtführer von A bis Z Vorwort……………………………………………………… 8 A wie Altona…………………………………………………. 8 B wie Beiersdorf……………………………………………… 9 C wie Cholera………………………………………………… 10 D wie Dom…………………………………………………… 12 E wie Elektrische……………………………………………… 13 F wie Führerstadt……………………………………………… 14 G wie Große Freiheit…………………………………………… 15 H wie Hanseatisch……………………………….……………. 16 I wie Insel…………………………………………………… 17 J wie Jungfernstieg …………………………………………… 18 K wie Kran…………………………………………………… 19 L wie Lokalderby……………………………………………………………… 20 M wie Michel…………………………………………………………………. 22 N wie Neuhof………………………….…….………………………………… 23 O wie Ohnsorg Theater………….…………………………………………… 24 P wie Pfeffersack……………………………………………………………… 25 Q wie Quarantäne……………………………………………………………… 26 R wie Rotklinker……………………………………………………………… 27 S wie Sülze………….…………….…………………………………………… 28 T wie Tüdelband….…….……………………………………….……………. -
Beiersdorf. the Company Behind the Brands NIVEA, Tesa, Hansaplast & Co
Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf. The Company behind the Brands NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co C. H. BECK Contents 6 Introduction 16 Chapter 1 1880 to 1890 Paul Beiersdorf. The “laboratory of dermato-therapeutic preparations” and the beginnings of the company 29 Chapter 2 1890 to 1918 Leukoplast, Pebeco & Nivea. Branded products for the whole world 60 Chapter 3 1918 to 1933 Reorganization and a fresh start. Trademark conflicts, new products, and new emergencies 97 Chapter 4 1933 to 1945 Boycott, commercial success, and war economy 140 Chapter 5 1945 to 1969 Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroad 197 Chapter 6 1969 to 1989 Strategic divisionalization. cosmed, pharma, medical, and tesa 268 Chapter 7 1989 to 2003 Focusing on skin – worldwide 325 Afterword for academic readers 340 Appendix Notes, Tables, Supervisory, and Executive Board 1922 to 2004, List of Sources, Bibliography, Register Figures and Tables 37 Fig. 2.1 P. Beiersdorf & Co. sales, 1900 to 1915 43 Fig. 2.2 Sales, net profit and number of employees, 1900 to 1917 55 Fig. 2.3 Owners’ profits, total wages and salaries, 1909 to 1917 89 Fig. 3.1 Beiersdorf foreign firms. Ownership structure on 1 Nov. 1934 113 Fig. 4.1 Share of sales of top-selling products in 1936 117 Fig. 4.2 Sales by the ring firms, 1932 to 1937 126 Fig. 4.3 Sales of the main Beiersdorf products. Germany, 1934 to 1942 152 Fig. 5.1 Beiersdorf foreign firms. Ownership structure on 31 March 1942 163 Fig. 5.2 Investment required for sales of 10 million DM in 1967 (in million DM)* 204 Fig. -
3 Steps and Methodologies of International Market Segmentation Analysis
Zentrales Prüfungsamt Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen Für Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften Bibliothekstraße, 28359 Bremen Promotionsausschuss Tel: 0421/218-2177 – Fax: 218-7518 Dr. rer. pol. eMail: [email protected] Gebäude GW 2, Raum B 2325 Sachbearbeitung: Carmen Ohlsen Gesch.-Z.: 62-10 Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft Methodological Options in International Market Segmentation Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde durch den Promotionsausschuss Dr. rer. pol. der Universität Bremen Vorgelegt von Iryna Bastian Bremen, den 1.11.2006 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Erich Bauer Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Martin Missong Contents Contents List of Figures.......................................................................................................... V List of Tables.........................................................................................................VII List of Abbreviations............................................................................................... X 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problematic Issues.................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................. 3 1.3 Thesis Structure........................................................................................ 5 2 International Business and Market Segmentation ............................................ 8 2.1 Internationalization -
Chronicle 02
CHRONICLE 02 The brand maker The Troplowitz era, 1890 –1918 INTRODUCTION M D C C C X C B O S T I F L O R I S A L H E I T E S T A L O N K E N S A T O R T R O L A G E H S A N I V E R S O L O P O S T F I S O C O R N I L I N K A N E S T I E L O M A S T E R A M E S T A N N I B E R A L E S N O M A L I E V M E R C O L I N T R A S E R O N A G U T T A P L A S T U R V E S T A N D O R S I B P E B E C O P A S T U R L O B E N T I E R O S E N T A N A L T L A N F E R I K U R T A X U M P I M A M M A L I N E F E S T O R E N K I S N I V E A F E I E T A S C O L L I S T E S T O M A T R O P F E D E R A R T L E U K O P L A S T E N T D E N T I E W E L A C I T O H O S E S I E B D E S T A N O M I E K E R A N G E L A N T H U M A L P I S T O G I E R T E W A S K O R S T E D O N E C P E D E U S P A R A P L A S T F R I N G E S T U R I M J U S T O R H O N C U S U T I M P E R D E U C E R I N L E O N E A N N A B I L I N E T A E E L E I F E N D A C E N S O R T New promise of quality N E A N V U L P U T A T E E L E I F E N D T A T R I X Q U A T G L Y C A S I N E F E U G I A T A T E L L I H A S E L L U S V The branded product changes our life N I M A L I Q T R I C O P L A S T I M P E R D I E T E T I A M I A T L I A N T R A L H A S E L L U S V I V E R O M U T A L O V N A V I S E R R S A M U S E L E C E R O M E N T U M A N T E S P I R A N L A S S O B A N D A L I Q U E T C U L P U T A T R When in 1894 the Gesetz zum Schutz der Waarenbe- He also protected the name “Beiersdorf” just before the L A P A R A L L E L O P L A S T T U M S E M P E R N I S I A O zeich nungen (Law for the Protection of Product Descrip- turn of the century after he had designed the first M E N N O V O P L A S T E G E T A R C U I N E N I I E T A V E tion) was passed in the German Reich, for the first time company logo in 1891. -
Giants in the Bathroom
GIANTS IN THE BATHROOM ‘Find out what consumers want and then give it to them.’ illiam Procter may have had a spring in his step as he walked through Wthe London streets that morning in 1832. Certainly, the prospect of a hard day’s work held no fears for him. As a boy he’d been an apprentice in a general store, where he’d learned to make candles, a process known as ‘dipping’ from the way the wick was plunged into the wax. Now he was in his early 30s, and the future seemed brighter than a thousand candles. Just a day earlier, Procter had opened his own store selling woollen textiles and clothing. It was his fi rst entrepreneurial venture and he had no reason to doubt that it would be a success. Approaching the store, Procter noticed something wrong. The door appeared to be ajar, and there was a crack in the pane. A few moments later, his worst fears were confi rmed: thieves had broken in. The shelves were empty. The bbranding_beauty.indbranding_beauty.indb 7755 229/07/20119/07/2011 113:42:023:42:02 76 BRANDED BEAUTY burglary left Procter £8,000 in debt – a vast sum at the time. He had been ruined overnight. Driven by either shame or undimmed optimism, Procter decided to start again in the New World. He and his wife left for the United States. When they arrived, they followed the example of many pioneers before them – and headed West. But bad luck hadn’t quite fi nished with William Procter. -
The International Journal ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
International Centre for Entrepreneurship Research The International Journal ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES ISSN 2345-0282 (online) http://jssidoi.org/jesi/aims-and-scope-of-research/ 2015 Volume 3 Number 2 (December) ANALYSIS OF MARKETING MIX: NIVEA CASE STUDY Margarita Išoraitė Vilniaus kolegija/University Applied Sciences Didlaukio str. 49, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail:[email protected] Received 20 August 2015; accepted 25 September 2015 Abstract. This article analysis theoretical aspects of marketing mix. Articla also present Nivea background, Nivea history, Nivea SSGG analysis, Nivea marketing mix. Article submit study data about Nivea marketing mix. The article takles ICT impact on entrepreneurship by putting emphasis on theoretical aspects of social network, social network marketing. Also article presents research concerning Nivea marketing mix. Keywords: marketing, marketing mix, price, place, product, promotion, Nivea JEL Classifications: M31, M37 Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Išoratiė, M. 2015. Analysis of marketing mix: Nivea case study, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 3(2):173-185. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2015.3.2(5) 1. Introduction Dabija, Dinu, Abrudan, Postelnicu (2014) argue that „retail marketing mix includes assortment, private labels, price and acquisition finance, customer service, communication, store environment, store location, customer loyalty policy“. Alipour, Ghanbari, Moniri (2011) state that prior to 1980, studies of marketing organization focused largely on its role in implementation of the marketing paradigm. Offered 4ps as marketing mix and introduced that to the scientific centers. He introduced four main factors as effective factors in the marketing of products. These factors were product, price, place and promotion. -
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf the Company Behind the Brands NIVEA, Tesa, Hansaplast & Co
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf The Company behind the Brands NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München 2018. 400 P., including various colored references ISBN 978-3-406-72810-5 For further information please click here: https://www.chbeck.de/24768567 Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf. The Company behind the Brands NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co C. H. BECK 181102_BDF_Layout_rz.indd 1 02.11.18 12:20 Alfred Reckendrees Beiersdorf. The Company behind the Brands NIVEA, tesa, Hansaplast & Co C. H. BECK 181102_BDF_Layout_rz.indd 3 02.11.18 12:20 Contents 6 Introduction 16 Chapter 1 1880 to 1890 Paul Beiersdorf. The “laboratory of dermato-therapeutic preparations” and the beginnings of the company 29 Chapter 2 1890 to 1918 Leukoplast, Pebeco & Nivea. Branded products for the whole world 60 Chapter 3 1918 to 1933 Reorganization and a fresh start. Trademark conflicts, new products, and new emergencies 97 Chapter 4 1933 to 1945 Boycott, commercial success, and war economy 140 Chapter 5 1945 to 1969 Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroad 197 Chapter 6 1969 to 1989 Strategic divisionalization. cosmed, pharma, medical, and tesa 268 Chapter 7 1989 to 2003 Focusing on skin – worldwide 325 Afterword for academic readers 340 Appendix Notes, Tables, Supervisory, and Executive Board 1922 to 2004, List of Sources, Bibliography, Register 181102_BDF_Layout_rz.indd 4 02.11.18 12:20 Figures and Tables 37 Fig. 2.1 P. Beiersdorf & Co. sales, 1900 to 1915 43 Fig. 2.2 Sales, net profit and number of employees, 1900 to 1917 55 Fig. 2.3 Owners’ profits, total wages and salaries, 1909 to 1917 89 Fig. -
Chronicle 02
CHRONICLE 02 Der Markenmacher Die Ära Troplowitz, 1890–1918 AUFTAKT M D C C C X C B O S T I F L O R I S A L H E I T E S T A L O N K E N S A T O R T R O L A G E H S A N I V E R S O L O P O S T F I S O C O R N I L I N K A N E S T I E L O M A S T E R A M E S T A N N I B E R A L E S N O M A L I E V M E R C O L I N T R A S E R O N A G U T T A P L A S T U R V E S T A N D O R S I B P E B E C O P A S T U R L O B E N T I E R O S E N T A N A L T L A N F E R I K U R T A X U M P I M A M M A L I N E F E S T O R E N K I S N I V E A F E I E T A S C O L L I S T E S T O M A T R O P F E D E R A R T L E U K O P L A S T E N T D E N T I E W E L A C I T O H O S E S I E B D E S T A N O M I E K E R A N Das neue G E L A N T H U M A L P I S T O G I E R T E W A S K O R S T E D O N E C P E D E U S P A R A P L A S T F R I N G E S T U R I Qualitätsversprechen M J U S T O R H O N C U S U T I M P E R D L E O E U C E R I N Der Markenartikel verändert unser Leben N E A N N A B I L I N E T A E E L E I F E N D A C E N S O R T N E A N V U L P U T A T E E L E I F E N D T A T R I X Q U A T G L Y C A S I N E F E U G I A T A T E L L I H A S E L L U S V N I M A L I Q T R I C O P L A S T I M P E R D I E T E T I A M I A T L I A N T R A L H A S E L L U S V I V E R O M U T A L O V N A V I S E R R S A M U S E L E C E R O M E N T U M A N T E S P I R A N L A S S O B A N D A L I Q U E T C U L P U T A T R Als 1894 das „Gesetz zum Schutz der Waarenbezeich Beiersdorf ließ er kurz vor der Jahrhundertwende nungen“ im Deutschen Reich verabschiedet wurde, schützen, nachdem er bereits 1891 das erste Firmen L A P A R A L L E L O P L A S T T U M S E M P E R N I S I A O konnten erstmals Wortmarken und Ausstattungen, also signet entworfen hatte.