INGENIOUS INVENTIONS Tourpre and Post

INGENIOUS INVENTIONS TOUR

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Dear Educator, Thank you for your interest in the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92. Education programs at BLDG 92 have been developed by our staff at Brooklyn Historical Society and support Common Core and NYS Standards. Activities in this curriculum were designed to com- plement the Ingenious Inventions tour at BLDG 92, although you may also use them to introduce your class to the Brooklyn Navy Yard without leaving the classroom. As you click through the following pages, you’ll find pre- and post-visit lesson plans complete with detailed Teacher’s Guides, glossaries, printable handouts and worksheets for your students, and extensions to reach all learners. To schedule a tour of BLDG 92 for your class, please contact our Education Department at 718-222-4111 ext. 241 or email us at or . We welcome your feedback! Please let us know what you think of these pre- and post-visit materials. Your input is important to us and will help us to develop future programs. Click here to fill out a brief survey about these activities: or email us with your thoughts. From all of us at BLDG 92 and Brooklyn Historical Society, we thank you for bringing the history of the Brooklyn Navy Yard into your classroom! Sincerely, Andrea Del Valle Director of Education Brooklyn Historical Society

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Supporters Education programs at Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 are generously supported by Con Edison and Barclays/Nets Community Alliance. Brooklyn Historical Society is proud to partner with the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 as the education programs advisor. Education programs at Brooklyn Historical Society are generously supported by Astoria Federal Savings, Barclays Capital, Barclays/Nets Community Alliance, Bloomberg Philanthropies, Brooklyn Community Foundation, Con Edison, Department of Youth and Community Development, The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation, The Ferriday Fund, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, The Hearst Foundations, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Herman Goldman Foundation, Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin, Moran Towing, JPMorganChase, National Grid Foundation, New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, New York State Council on the Arts, Pine Tree Foundation of New York, Timothy Bradley, Tisch Illumination Fund, and the Verizon Foundation. Additional funding provided by New York City Council Members Letitia James, Brad Lander, Stephen Levin, Domenic Recchia, and Albert Vann. Credits Content for these materials developed by Beth Slepian in collaboration with the Education Department of Brooklyn Historical Society and the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 Staff. Education Department of Brooklyn Historical Society: Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 Staff: Andrea Del Valle, Director of Education Daniella Romano, Vice President, BLDG 92 Exhibits and Programs Emily Potter-Ndiaye, Education Coordinator Aileen Chumard, Deputy Director, BLDG 92 Exhibits and Programs Samantha Gibson, Education Assistant Meredith Wisner, Assistant Director, Archives and Records Management Abigail Koffler, Intern Emilie Evans, Visitor Services Manager Design by Jane Barber Design

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society at BLDG 92

Table of Contents Pre-Visit Lesson | Identities at the Brooklyn Navy Yard: An Innovation Investigation ...... p 05 Pre-Visit Worksheets & Activities Innovator Identities Interactive ...... p 11 Print Innovator Cards, Pre-Visit Activities and Worksheets ...... p Innovation Investigation Worksheet ...... p 13 Innovation Investigation Worksheet / Advanced ...... p 15 Answer Key for Worksheets ...... p 18 Innovator Bingo! Instructions ...... p Innovator Memory Match! Online Game ...... p Post-Visit Lesson | Identities at the Brooklyn Navy Yard: Connections Through TIme ...... p Post-Visit Worksheets Print Post-Visit Letter and Drawing Templates ...... p Connections Through TIme Letter Template A ...... p Extra Letter Page ...... p 30 Connections Through TIme Letter Template B ...... p 31 Connections Through TIme Drawing Template C ...... p 33 Model Letter ...... p

Glossary ...... p 35 Resources ...... p

Symbol Key = Interactive Feature = Printable Handouts 4

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Time Needed: 45 minutes (15 minutes discussion; 25 minutes activity; 5 minutes wrap-up) Essential Question: How have people and their ideas contributed to the evolution of Pre-Visit Lesson: the Brooklyn Navy Yard? Innovation Learning Objective: Students will use short biographies to gain an understanding of key Investigation players throughout the Brooklyn Navy Yard’s history, and to develop a broad understanding of how the Brooklyn Navy Yard has changed over time. Materials:

Standards: New York State Social Studies Standard 1: History of the United States and New York New York State English Language Arts Standards: 1, 3, 4 Common Core Standards: College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Standards for Reading: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Discussion 1. Ask students: If you could have a job developing new technology, what kinds of products would you invent? For example, would you (types of ships, weapons, etc.) develop a cure for cancer, make a breakthrough in rocket science, or 7.Optional: Show students the map of the Brooklyn Navy Yard invent the newest and coolest kind of cell phone or computer? (next page) or link to the map at the Navy Yard’s websit 2. Next, imagine a place (real or imaginary) that is known for developing such cutting-edge technology. What kinds of companies and Ask students: technological ideas come to mind? (Examples: Facebook, a medical research lab, electric car manufacturers, LA Gear - the company that (strategically located near the East River, Atlantic Ocean, and made the first light-up sneakers, NASA, the iPad) NYC’s five boroughs) 3. Have students share their ideas for numbers one and two, What do you think the different buildings are used for? above. Explain that all these new ideas and products are examples of innovation: a new method, idea or product. What do you think a dry dock is? (seen as dark blue areas on the map) 4. Then, ask students: what if I told you that New York City (or Brook- lyn) is home to a place that has been a leader in innovation for Note: it’s okay if students don’t know the answers to these questions. more than two hundred years? That place is the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Explain to students that we will investigate these questions through today’s lesson and our visit to the Brooklyn Navy Yard. 5. Explain to students that today we will be learning about the kinds of innovations that have been developed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, both in the past and present. These innovations may differ from A dry dock is a narrow basin where boats are repaired. Water is some of the technological advancements mentioned above, yet pumped out to allow access to the bottom of the boat; after the their effects have been equally significant. boat is fixed, water is pumped back in so the boat may sail away. 6. Ask students: Navy? (One of the 5 branches of the military, the U.S. Navy works on ships at sea. Its mission is to “maintain, train and equip combat- ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggres- sion and maintaining freedom of the seas.”)

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Entrance Gates Pier J 1 Sands Street Pier K Division Ave. 2 Cumberland Street Pedestrians 3 Vanderbilt–Pedestrians-only

Kay St. Pier G Williamsburg Bridge 4 Clinton Avenue Railroad Ave. 249 5 South Street

594 270 6 Clymer Street Hammerhead Ave. 292 NYC Department of Sanitation Marshall St. Wallabout Bay 51

52 Clymer St. John St. Wythe Ave. Railroad Ave. Pier C Taylor St. Plymouth St.

7 DCAS Little St. Wilson St. Gee Ave. Auto Auction Evans St. NYC Water Pollution Kent Ave. Water St. Control Plant Front Ave. 8 293 Wallabout Road Ross St. Pier D 268 313 Front St. 234 Dry Dock 6 Hudson Ave. Dry Dock 5 Rodney St. 314 500 Morris Avenue 269 Keap St. Dock Ave. York St. Dry Dock 3 274 700 F train Second St. 664 York Street NYPD 10 Dry Dock 1 Hooper St. Tow Pound 11 Morris Avenue Dry Dock 2 Steiner Chauncey St. Studios 12 12B 11A 131 20 62 Market Street Assembly Road 300 Third St.

Warrington Ave. Washington Avenue 127

Brooklyn Bridge Welding Road 22 Dry Dock 4 Sands St. Sands Street Fourth St. A/C train 25 Market Street High Street 41 6 128 Paulding St. 132 Fifth St. Perry Ave. 5 Fourth St. Ordinance Ave. Federal Property 58 Farragut St. Navy St. Sixth Street 152 120 74 280 42 Williamsburg Place 77 Federal 4 Manhattan Bridge 275 50A 50 46 Property 1 30 264 3 2 Nassau St. 27 Seventh Ave. 92

Eighth Ave. Ninth Ave. 14th Street

Flushing Ave. South Street Avenue Clinton South Street 312 592 p m

a r -

E Q Commodore Barry Park B

it St. Stuben

s 2

9 train G

Clinton Ave. Clinton

/ Ave. Carlton

North Oxford St. Oxford North

Vanderbilt Ave. Vanderbilt Grand Ave. Grand

2 Place Elliot North Cumberland St. Cumberland Clermont St. Clermont Adelphi St. Adelphi Ryerson St. Ryerson Hall St. Hall

North Portland Ave. Portland North

9 Ave. Waverly

Washington Ave. Washington B Ave. Clinton - B roo klyn C 69 7

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Main Activity: Modifications for Innovation Investigation Success with All Learners 1. Explain to students that today we will be studying the innovations of the Brooklyn Navy Yard by learning about some key people Differentiation Note: Innovator Cards are of varying who made their mark there—going all the way back to the Ameri- lengths and reading levels. Assign shorter passages to can Revolution, and all the way forward to people who work at the beginning readers; challenge advanced students to the Brooklyn Navy Yard today. These people and their jobs may not be lengthier biographies. what you predict! Small Group Work: There are 16 Innovator Cards included 2. Pass out Innovation Investigation Worksheet. Read all directions with this lesson. The lesson may also be completed with as with students, and read/explain all questions as needed. Allow few as 8 Innovator Cards (see “Lesson Extenders for Grades students time to familiarize themselves with each question, to gain 3 and Under” on page 10 for suggested identities). In most a sense of the kinds of people they will be “meeting” today. classes, two or three students will be assigned to each 3. Distribute Innovator Cards, one to each student. Allow students identity. Students with the same assigned identity may a few minutes to read about their assigned identities, and to take work together throughout this activity. notes as needed. Structured Circulation: Divide your class in two groups, 4. Optional: pass out nametags (not included). Have each student assigning the same card to two students (one in each write the name of his/her assigned identity on his/her nametag. group). Keep one group seated, while the other group Explain to students that when they put on their nametags, they will stands and rotates through the seated students, each shar- “become” their assigned identity from Brooklyn Navy Yard’s history. ing their identities one at a time. Then, switch groups to give all students a chance to complete their worksheets. 5. Instruct students to stand up, introduce themselves to each other (as their new Brooklyn Navy Yard identities), and complete the Go Green! Have a SMART Board, tablets, or individual com- Innovation Investigation Worksheet. puters available for your class? Use this interactive document in full screen mode to learn about these innovators, rather than distributing paper cards; see page 11. Complete lessons in the style of the Brooklyn Navy Yard: use innovative technology, and go green!

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Conclusion Lesson Extenders 1. Select volunteers to share one interesting thing they learned about someone from the Navy Yard’s history. Ask students: why was For All Students: this person significant to the Brooklyn Navy Yard? What role did Create a living timeline! Put the Navy Yard innovators in s/he play in innovation at the Yard? chronological order, by having students line up according 2. Ask students: based on the people you “met” today, how do you to assigned person and when s/he made his/her contribu- think the Brooklyn Navy Yard has changed over time? How has the tions to the Yard. Then, create a visual representation of the Yard stayed the same over time? timeline to document the Yard’s history of key innovators. 3. Have students respond to the following prompt in writing or During your visit: Put history in context! Remind students discussion: to look out for their innovator while they’re on the tour – they might see a picture or hear about him/her from the Based on today’s activity, what is one question you have about the tour educator! Brooklyn Navy Yard that you hope to answer when you visit?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Lesson Extenders, Continued

For Grades 8 and Up: For Grades 3 and Under: Use the Advanced version of the Innovation Investigation sheet. In this version, students will write down why each of the Yard innova- Suggested innovators: James Forten, Skilled Worker: Joiner, Robert tors was significant to the history of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Fulton, William McAlpine, Edward Robinson Squibb, John Ericsson, Construction Worker, Baldev Duggal. historical context. What else was happening in U.S. history while If you have access to a SMART Board, use the Innovators Interactive this person was having his/her effect on the Yard? How did this (page 11) to show each Innovator Identity to your students. person’s contributions to the Yard fit into the overall narrative of U.S. history at that time? For assistance, use Brooklyn Historical one Innovator Identity. Have students work together to read Society’s interactive timeline: about their assigned identities. Then, have students present their findings in your preferred format. instead of the Innovation Investigation Worksheet. Bingo Board is Students may write short essays through which they will defend designed to work with as few as the eight selected identities listed their opinions. above, and as many as all sixteen Innovator Identities. There are Or, students may participate in a Socratic seminar through which several ways to set up the game, see Innovator Bingo! directions they discuss: how did the Brooklyn Navy Yard influence historical on page 22. events and trends? How did historical events and trends influence Or, have students pair up at computers to play Innovator Memory the Brooklyn Navy Yard? Match!, a version of the game Memory, in which students pair Or, students may work in small groups to research: how did Yard innovators with brief descriptions of their work at the Yard. contributions contribute to innovation throughout the country? Each group may be assigned an area of innovation (wood ships, iron ships, medicine, communications, sustainable design, etc.) to research. Then, groups will present their findings to the class.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovators Interactive

Click a square James Forten I was a young man during the American Revolution, when New York City was occupied by the British. Before Wallabout Bay became the home of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, British prison ships occupied these waters. They captured anyone who disobeyed the British embargo. In 1781, I was fifteen years old and worked on the privateer Royal Louis. The British captured our ship, and I survived a seven-month sentence on the HMS Jersey, a Brit- ish prison ship. I was lucky to survive, as nearly 12,000 men and womenTo access died the aboard innovator these ships! biographies After the in war, an I interactivewas almost soldpresentation for SMART Board or projector, into slavery, even though I had always lived as a free goblack to: man in Philadelphia, my hometown. With another stroke of luck, a game of marbles with the Captain’s son kept me from being sold to the West Indies as many other prisoners of African descent were. The Captain offered to send me to England for an education, but I proudly refused; I would never betray my American patriotism by going to live with the enemy! Instead, I went back to Phila- delphia, where I apprenticed with a sail maker. There, I invented a device to hoist sails, which made it easier to control the large sails on the ships of my time. Eventually taking over the busi- ness as owner, I became one of the richest men in Philadelphia, and throughout my life, I worked tirelessly to end slavery.

embargo – a government’s order to ban merchant ships from entering or exiting its ports privateer – a privately owned armed ship, ordered by a government to fight enemy ships apprenticed – worked for another in order to learn a trade hoist – raise or lift, often with the help of a mechanical device Portrait of James Forten, artist unknown; The Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP), Leon Gardiner Collection. 11

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovation Investigation: Activities and Handouts Index

Important: Check your printer Print Innovator Cards settings are set to flip the paper double-sided and cut in half along the short side when print- before beginning activities. ing double-sided; otherwise the innovator image and descriptions will not match.

Tip: If your handouts are not printing in landscape direction, try switching to a different internet browser or download the entire PDF and print it directly from your computer. Print worksheets double-sided to save paper.

Print Bingo boards one-sided Pair up students to play online and cut apart before playing. (will need 1 computer/pair). Directions found on page .

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Worksheet Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovation Investigation: Meet the People of the Brooklyn Navy Yard

Name 3. Spent time in Wallabout Bay, before it was called the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Your Assigned Identity Who was this person? When (what year(s)) did you make your mark on the Brooklyn What did this person do there? Navy Yard?

Directions: Introduce yourself to your fellow innovators from the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Complete all questions below. Find a different person to answer each question. 4. Spent some time at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital. Find someone who… Who was this person?

1. Invented something that was used at the Yard. When was this person at the Naval Hospital? Who was this person? What did this person do?

What was the invention?

2. Worked on wooden ships. 5. Played a role in the design of Building 92 (past or present). Who was this person? Who was this person?

During what years did this person do this work? When did this person do his or her work? What did this person do? What did s/he do for Building 92?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Worksheet Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

6. Worked on a steam-powered ship. What was the advancement? Who was this person? What happened the first time around? What did this person do?

7. Works at the Navy Yard today. 10. Is a woman who made an impact on the Navy Yard. Who is this person? Who was this person? What does this person do? What did she do? What company does s/he work for? What kind of work does this company do in today’s Navy Yard?

11. Works for a modern industry that promotes sustainable design and green energy. 8. Has worked on a dry dock. Who is this person? Who was this person? What does this person do?

What did/does this person do? What does a dry dock do? 12. Created or tested something at the Yard more than 100 years ago that is still used today. Who was this person? What did this person create or test? 9. Made a technological advancement that was not successful at first. Who was this person? 14

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Worksheet / Advanced Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovation Investigation: Meet the People of the Brooklyn Navy Yard

Name What did this person do? Why were wooden ships important? Your Assigned Identity When (what year(s)) did you make your mark on the Brooklyn Navy Yard?

Directions: Introduce yourself to your fellow innovators from the 3. Spent time in Wallabout Bay, before it was called the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Complete all questions below. Find a different Brooklyn Navy Yard. person to answer each question. Who was this person? Find someone who… What did this person do there? 1. Invented something that was used at the Yard. What was happening in Wallabout Bay at that time? Who was this person?

What was the invention? Why was this invention significant?

4. Spent some time at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital. Who was this person?

When was this person at the Naval Hospital?

2. Worked on wooden ships. What did this person do? Who was this person? Why was this person significant?

During what years did this person do this work?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Worksheet / Advanced Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

5. Played a role in the design of Building 92 (past or present). What kind of work does this company do in today’s modern Who was this person? Navy Yard?

When did this person do his or her work?

What did s/he do for Building 92? Why is Building 92 significant? 8. Has worked on a dry dock.

Who was this person?

What did/does this person do? What does a dry dock do? 6. Worked on a steam-powered ship. Who was this person?

When were steam engines produced?

What did this person do? 9. Made a technological advancement that was not successful How did steam technology change the capabilities of the US Navy? at first. Who was this person?

What was the advancement? What happened the first time around? 7. Works at the Navy Yard today.

Who is this person? How was the problem fixed? What does this person do?

What company does s/he work for?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Worksheet / Advanced Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

10. Is a woman who made an impact on the Brooklyn 12. Created or tested something at the Yard more than 100 Navy Yard. years ago that is still used today. Who was this person? Who was this person?

What did she do? What did this person create or test?

Why was her role in the Yard’s history significant? When was this product first made?

11. Works for a modern industry that promotes sustainable design and green energy. Who is this person?

What does this person do? What kinds of sustainable products does his/her company advocate and/or produce?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Answer Key for Worksheets Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovation Investigation: Answer Key

1. Invented something that was used at the Yard. 3. Spent time in Wallabout Bay, before it was called the Who was this person? What was the invention? Brooklyn Navy Yard. What did this person do there? James Forten invented a device to hoist sails. John Jackson bought the property on Wallabout Bay where the Robert Fulton invented the torpedo (an underwater explosive) and Brooklyn Navy Yard stands today. After purchasing the property he built the first successful steam-powered ship. with his brothers in 1781, he built a shipyard on the land. The USS Edward Robinson Squibb invented a pure and safe form of ether Adams was built on his shipyard in 1798. (an anesthetic). James Forten worked on the privateer Royal Louis as a fifteen-year- John Ericsson invented rotating guns used on naval warships. old during the American Revolution in 1781. He was captured by the British and survived a seven-month sentence on the HMS Jersey, 2. Worked on wooden ships. a British prison ship in Wallabout Bay. What did this person do? During what years did this person do this work? 4. Spent some time at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital. John Jackson built the first shipyard where wood ships were built What did this person do? on the property that is now the Brooklyn Navy Yard, in 1781. The When was this person at the Naval Hospital? USS Adams was built on his shipyard in 1798. Edward Robinson Squibb was a surgeon who came to the James Forten worked on the privateer Royal Louis during the Brooklyn Naval Hospital in 1852. He started a laboratory at the Naval American Revolution in 1781. He later made sails for wooden ships Hospital, and made many advances in medicine, including his and invented a device to hoist sails. invention of a pure and reliable form of ether, an anesthetic that forever improved surgery. Henry Eckford was chief naval constructor at the Yard from 1817- 1820. He designed the USS Ohio, the first Navy Yard-built ship to Nurse at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital was a member of the Nurse launch. Corps, and worked at the Naval Hospital during the 1920s and 1930s. She helped improve patient care. A joiner was a woodworker/craftsman who hand-built and repaired the parts of wooden ships during the early 1800s.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Answer Key for Worksheets Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

5. Played a role in the design of Building 92 (past or present). 7. Works at the Navy Yard today. When did this person do his or her work? What does this person do? What did s/he do for Building 92? What company does s/he work for? What kind of work does this company do in today’s modern Navy Yard? Thomas Ustick Walter was the architect who designed Building 92 in 1858. The building was originally used as the U.S. Marine Corps Construction Worker helped with the adaptive reuse project to Commandant’s Residence. rebuild Building 92. S/he works for a local contractor who brings to life the sustainable designs of architects Beyer Blinder Belle and Construction Worker helped rebuild Building 92 through the workshop/apd. BNYDC’s adaptive reuse project. The building was on the verge of collapse in 2007, and through successful construction work and Baldev Duggal is the president and founder of Duggal Visual and sustainable design, Building 92 re-opened its doors in 2011. Energy Solutions, a graphics and energy company. Among other achievements, his company installed fifty solar- and wind-powered Meredith Wisner provided plans from the Building’s archives that streetlamps at the Yard. identified an unused sewer pipe that was later used as part of the green system of reusing rainwater for toilet plumbing. Nigel Friday is the mechanics supervisor for GMD Shipyard. With the largest dry dock facilities in New York Harbor, GMD uses Brook- 6. Worked on a steam-powered ship. lyn Navy Yard’s historic dry docks plus 21st-century technology to What did this person do? repair large ships. When were steam engines produced? Meredith Wisner is the archivist for the Brooklyn Navy Yard Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steam- Development Corporation (BNYDC). She maintains the collections powered ship, Clermont, in 1807. He also designed the first steam- of historical maps, photographs, and other documents and uses propelled warship, Demologos, which was renamed Fulton after his these pieces to inform new projects at the Yard. death in 1815. Michelle Greene is a sculptor who designed functional pieces John Ericsson designed the USS Princeton, a 700-ton steam war- for the Yard grounds, including tables made from recycled ship ship built for the US Navy in 1839. Due to a gun installation error, doors, and bicycle racks made from railroad tracks that used to run Ericsson did not design another ship for the Navy until he rose to through the Yard. success with his design of the ironclad USS Monitor in 1862.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Answer Key for Worksheets Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

8. Has worked on a dry dock. 10. Is a woman who made an impact on the Brooklyn What did/does this person do? Navy Yard. What does a dry dock do? What did she do? William McAlpine was the chief project engineer on Dry Dock 1, Ada Eugenia von Böös-Farrar transmitted the first radio sound to the first dry dock built to repair boats at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. a ship at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. She sang “I Love You Truly” into a phonograph horn in Manhattan, and the sound was received by an Nigel Friday is the mechanics supervisor for GMD Shipyard, home engineer at the Yard. to the largest dry dock facilities in New York Harbor. Nurses at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital improved patient care, kept accurate records, and helped run the Naval Hospital. A dry dock is a narrow basin where boats are repaired. Water is pumped out to allow access to the bottom of the boat; after the Meredith Wisner is the archivist for the Brooklyn Navy Yard De- boat is fixed, water is pumped back in so the boat may sail away. velopment Corporation (BNYDC). She maintains the collections of historical maps, photographs, and other documents and uses these pieces to inform new projects at the Yard. 9. Made a technological advancement that was not successful Michelle Greene is a sculptor who designed functional pieces at first. for the Yard grounds, including tables made from recycled ship What was the advancement? doors, and bicycle racks made from railroad tracks that used to run What happened the first time around? through the Yard. Robert Fulton invented a torpedo (an underwater explosive for at- tacking enemy ships), but it failed to explode during tests at the Yard. John Ericsson invented a revolving gun on a warship he designed, the USS Princeton. The gun was installed incorrectly and during a test it misfired, killing the Secretary of the Navy and Several oth- ers. Ericsson later designed a turret (a revolving gun holder) for the ironclad USS Monitor, but the turret was sealed with rope and tar instead of Ericsson’s metal seal design. The seal leaked, almost caus- ing the ship to sink. 20

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Answer Key for Worksheets Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

11. Works for a modern industry that promotes sustainable William McAlpine was the chief project engineer on Dry Dock 1, design and green energy. which is still used today to repair ships. What does this person do? Ada Eugenia von Böös-Farrar tested radio communication to ships. Construction Worker on Building 92 helped install green building features, such as a solar screen to reduce glare and control temper- ature, and captured rainwater used for toilet plumbing. The following question numbers represent possible answers for each Innovator Identity: Baldev Duggal is the president and founder of Duggal Visual and Energy Solutions. His company installed fifty solar- and wind-pow- John Jackson #2, 3 ered streetlamps at the Yard. James Forten #1, 2, 3 Meredith Wisner works as the archivist for the Brooklyn Navy Yard Skilled Worker: Joiner #2 Development Corporation (BNYDC). She uses historical plans and Henry Eckford #2 documents to help inform new green building projects for the 21st- Robert Fulton #1, 6, 9 century Yard. Edward Robinson Squibb #1, 4, 12 Michelle Greene is a sculptor who uses recycled materials from William McAlpine #8, 12 the Yard’s history to create functional outdoor pieces that promote John Ericsson #1, 6, 9 green living, like park tables and bicycle racks. Thomas Ustick Walter #5, 12 Ada Eugenia von Böös-Farrar #10, 12 12. Created or tested something at the Yard more than 100 years ago that is still used today. Nurse, Brooklyn Naval Hospital #4, 10 What did this person create or test? Construction Worker, Building 92 #5, 7, 11 Thomas Ustick Walter designed the original Building 92 in 1858. Meredith Wisner #5, 7, 10, 11 Baldev Duggal #7, 11 Edward Robinson Squibb invented a safe anesthetic and other medical advancements. (Note: although his exact products may Nigel Friday #7, 8 not be used today, his company still exists and works to produce Michelle Greene #7, 10, 11 innovations in medicine.)

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Innovator Bingo! Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovator Bingo! Directions

How you set up the game is teacher’s choice Fill in one name of an Innovator that correctly matches the description in each Bingo box. students may fill in the Bingo Board as teacher reads the identities. Note to Game Leader: Print and cut Assign Innovator Identities using the printed cards; the activity may operate like the Innovation Investigation, page 8, with students out the . There are 10 boards total. exchanging information to find the answers. To play multiple games: Reorder the of the rules questions below. before you begin. Students may be required to complete 3 in a row, four corners, or the entire board to “win” Bingo.

Questions Answers 1. Invented something that was used at the Brooklyn Navy Yard 1. James Forten / Robert Fulton / Edward Robinson Squibb / John Ericsson 2. Worked on wooden ships 2. John Jackson / James Forten / Henry Eckford / joiner 3. Spent time in Wallabout Bay before it became the Brooklyn Navy Yard 3. John Jackson / James Forten 4. Edward Robinson Squibb / nurse 4. Spent some time at the Brooklyn Naval Hospital 5. Robert Fulton / John Ericsson 5. Worked on a steam-powered ship 6. Construction worker / Baldev Duggal / Nigel Friday / Meredith Wisner 6. Works at the Brooklyn Navy Yard today / Michelle Greene 7. Has worked on a dry dock 7. William McAlpine / Nigel Friday 8. Made a technological advancement that did not work at first 8. Robert Fulton / John Ericsson 9. Works for a company that uses green energy and/or sustainable design 9. Construction worker / Baldev Duggal / Meredith Wisner / Michelle Greene 10. Created something more than 100 years ago that is still used today 10. Thomas Ustick Walter / Edward Robinson Squibb / William McAlpine / Ada Eugenia von Böös-Farrar 22

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Innovation Investigation: Pre-Visit Innovator Memory Match! Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Innovator Memory Match! Interactive

Goal: Find all 10 Innovator matches Directions: Each card has hidden behind it an Innovator’s image or the description of an Innovator’s contribution. There are 10 Innovator pairs, represented by 20 cards. reveal two cards, selected by the gray round, numbered buttons, ranging from 1- 20. right of the selected two gray buttons to clear both cards. The student could then continue until he/she reaches an incorrect answer or you might move on to a second student at this point, depending on the number of players. 1 of the two selected gray buttons to return both cards to their original face-down state. Move on to the next player. Reset Reveal Remove Return cards Turn two cards Clear card

to face-down face up to find pairs The came is over when all the cards are removed. position matching pairs from board To play again, close, then reopen the game. after an of Innovators after a correct Have fun! incorrect answer match or to reset the game to play again

PLAY

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Time Needed: 45 minutes (10 minutes discussion; 30 minutes activity; 5 minutes wrap-up) Essential Question: Post-Visit Lesson: How can the present and future of the Brooklyn Navy Yard be traced to the innovative spirit of its past? Connections Learning Objective: Students will compare and contrast the present, future, and past in- Through Time novations at the Brooklyn Navy Yard through a letter writing activity. Materials: pens/pencils

Standards: New York State Social Studies Standard 1: History of the United States and New York New York State English Language Arts Standards: 1, 2, 3, 4 Common Core Standards: College and Career Readiness (CCR) Anchor Standards for Writing: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Introduction Responses to Visit William McAlpine, John Ericsson, Ada Eugenia von Böös-Farrar, 1. What stands out to you about your visit to the Brooklyn Navy Nurse (Brooklyn Naval Hospital). Yard? What was one thing you enjoyed seeing or experiencing on 3. Have students write letters to their selected Innovator, through your visit? Why? which they explain how the Brooklyn Navy Yard has changed since 2. If you could have any job at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, what would it their assigned person made his/her mark on the Yard. Choose letter be and why? Would you prefer to work there in a previous era Template A for grades 4 – 7, Letter Template B for grades 1 – 3, (e.g. the Age of Wood and Sail, the Age of Iron and Steam, etc.) or and Drawing Template C for grades 1 – 5 or to focus primarily on today? Why? sequencing. Letters should include: 3. Have students share selected responses to numbers one and two, above. 4. Then ask: what kind of future innovations do you think could happened since then. happen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard property? How might these developments pave the way for a better future? Main Activity: advancements in the future. Letter to a Past Innovator 4. If possible, have students share Innovator Cards with each other 1. Explain to students that today we will be using our knowledge of to gather more information about the history of the Brooklyn Navy today’s Yard and our ideas for the future to connect with important Yard. Students may also use their Innovation Investigation work- people from the Brooklyn Navy Yard’s past. How will we send our sheets from the Pre-Visit materials. ideas through time? Through letter writing! 5. If necessary, read (to Thomas Ustick Walter) to 2. Assign each student an Innovator Card from the past. Or, have students to help generate ideas. students select their own Innovator Identities. Choose identities from the following list: John Jackson, James Forten, Skilled Worker: Joiner, Henry Eckford, Robert Fulton, Edward Robinson Squibb,

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Conclusion 1. Select student volunteers to read their letters (or portions of their letters) aloud to the class. 2. Discuss: how has the Navy Yard changed over its history? How has it stayed the same? 3. As a final discussion or short writing prompt: What kinds of innovations do you predict will occur at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in the future?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Lesson Extenders

For Grades 8 and Up: For Grades 3 and Under: for younger students, in which not included on their biography cards. Ask students to explain students have room to draw a picture of something in action at what was happening in U.S. history during the time of their Yard today’s Yard (Dry Dock 1, wind-solar streetlamp, etc.). Innovators, and to include changes in history that have affected the Brooklyn Navy Yard’s path to innovation. to compose their letters. Instruct different students to focus on different components of the letter: what the Yard was like in the Innovators. Ask students to include this additional biographical past/during the assigned Innovator’s time; what the Yard is like information in their letters. today; what the Yard might be like in the future. . Challenge of additional research sources. students to complete a four-frame drawing of activities at the Yard. See also Pre-Visit Lesson Extenders for Grades 8 and Up, page 10. Frame 1 should include: the Brooklyn Navy Yard during the assigned Essay writing, Socratic seminars, and/or small group research pre- Innovator’s time. sentations may be equally suitable for a post-visit assignment. Frame 2: new developments at today’s 21st-century Brooklyn Navy Yard. Frame 3: how the Yard has stayed the same since the time of the assigned Innovator. Frame 4: predictions for a successful, innovative future at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Lesson Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Connections Through Time: Activities and Handouts Index

Tip: If your handouts are not printing in landscape direction, try switching to a different internet browser or download the entire PDF and print it directly from your computer.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Letter Template A Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society Date Keep the story of the Brooklyn Navy Yard alive! Dear , Directions: Write a letter to your selected Yard Innovator, through which you explain:

Brooklyn Navy Yard Include at least one vocabulary word from your Innovator Card.

Use facts and details from your card and your visit to the Navy Yard. Have fun!

Name

Your Assigned Identity

When (what year(s)) did you make your mark on the Brooklyn Navy Yard?

Sincerely,

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Extra Page for Letters Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Sincerely,

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Letter Template B Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Date How has the Navy Yard changed? Dear , Directions: Your Yard Innovator wants to know how the Brooklyn Navy Yard has changed over the years. Write a letter to your selected Yard Innova- tor, through which you explain:

Use at least one vocabulary word from your assigned Innovator Biography card. Finally, add facts and details from your card and your visit to the Navy Yard. Include a picture of the Yard at work today.

Have fun!

Name

Your Assigned Identity When (what year(s)) did you make your mark on the Brooklyn

Navy Yard?

Sincerely,

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Letter Template B Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Draw your picture of the Yard at work today.

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Drawing Template C Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Name Directions: Create four drawings of the Brooklyn Navy Yard throughout history. Your Assigned Innovator

Years Innovator was at Navy Yard

What was happening at the Yard during your assigned innovator’s time? What are new developments at today’s 21st-century Brooklyn Navy Yard?

What is the same at the Yard since the time of your assigned Innovator? What new innovations do you predict will happen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in the future?

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Connections Through Time: Post-Visit Model Letter Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

June 6, 2012 Dear Mr. Walter, My class just returned from a trip to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and sustainability within Building 92. Your building was part of an you would not believe all the great innovations happening at the adaptive reuse project, meaning that some of the old structure Yard today! Remember back in 1858 when you used your impres- was kept, but the building was rebuilt for a new purpose. Now sive architectural skills to design Building 92 at the Brooklyn Building 92 is a museum that tells the story of the Brooklyn Navy Navy Yard? At that time, Building 92 was used as the Marine Yard! Plus, the building has these cool green features like solar Commandant’s Residence, and it was just one building in a panels, and a system of using rainwater for plumbing. whole complex of living quarters for marines. There were Officers’ One thing has stayed the same though. Remember when Dry Dock Quarters, Barracks, and a Gate House to protect the property. 1 was finally finished in 1851? Well it’s still used today to fix None of that stuff exists today. Would you believe there aren’t boats. The Navy might not own this facility anymore, but there even any Marines or official Navy Personnel at the Navy Yard are still lots of boats out there in need of repairs. today? I don’t know what we can predict about the future of the Brook- As you probably saw when you visited the Yard in 1858, steam lyn Navy Yard. I’m sure it will be home to many more innovations warships were being developed to take over from the days of wood though—new ideas in medicine, technology, and environmen- and sail. Since then, ironclad warships have had big success tally friendly products that will make our world a better place. in battles, and many of those ships were built right here at the Today there are 275 businesses and nearly 6,000 people who work Brooklyn Navy Yard. You probably also noticed the Brooklyn Naval at the Yard—and it’s still growing. Thanks for giving us Build- Hospital when you were here last, and the medical inventions of ing 92. Now your building gives us the chance to learn all about Edward Robinson Squibb. But did you know that a Nurse Corps the history of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. was established in 1908, and by the 1940s women nurses were Sincerely, helping to run the hospital? Ima Student Today’s Navy Yard has kept the spirit of innovation alive and well. Today we use something called green technology and 34

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Glossary of Terms accurate – correct in all details contractors – people who provide materials or labor to do a job adaptive reuse – process of making something new out of an old craftsmanship – made by someone who is highly skilled in a craft structure dry dock – a dock that can be drained of water to allow repair of agility – ability to move quickly and easily the bottom of a ship amputation – removal of a limb (arm, leg, hand, etc.) embargo – a government’s order to ban merchant ships from anesthesia – branch of medicine concerned with administering entering or exiting its ports pain-numbing medications expedition – voyage with a specific purpose anesthetic – a substance that makes someone unable to feel pain expertise – advanced skill or knowledge apprenticed – worked for another in order to learn a trade foundation – the base of a building or other structure, usually archivist – a person who maintains collections of historical below ground level documents functional – designed with a practical and useful purpose authorized – gave official permission or instruction gate house – a building at the main entrance or front gate, often Barbary Pirates – pirates from the North African Coast, they fought used for protection against enemies two wars against the U.S. in 1801 and 1815 granite – a type of hard rock barracks – large building or group of buildings where many soldiers green technology – environmentally-friendly practices for are lodged conserving energy or resources blockade – the forced closing off of a place to prevent people or hoist – raise or lift, often with the help of a mechanical device supplies from entering and exiting immigrants – people who come to live permanently in boasted – took pride in another country commandant – officer in charge indispensable – absolutely necessary commercially – intended to make a profit industrial – relating to the manufacturing of goods in factories Confederacy – the southern states that seceded from (left) the innovation – a new method, idea, or product United States during the Civil War, 1861-1865 innovative – brand new, using advanced and original methods

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Glossary of Terms, Continued innovators – people creating new ideas, methods, or products Quasi-War – an undeclared war between the United States and France, fought mostly at sea, 1798-1800 invaluable – extremely useful refurbished – renovated or rebuilt ironclad – covered or protected with iron shipyard – a place where ships are built and repaired launched – set a boat in motion for the first time smugglers – people who move goods illegally into or out of a Mexican-American War – the first armed conflict between the country United States and Mexico, 1846-1848 stability – ability to stay upright and not fall over misfired – failed in setting off (a weapon such as a gun or cannon) steam-powered – operated by the force of vapor produced by nautical – concerning sailors or sea navigation boiling water navy – the branch of the military that works on ships at sea and surgeon – a doctor who performs surgery (operations) on people engages in sea warfare sustainable – capable of being self-supportive, without overusing outfitted – supplied with or have equipment added natural resources phonograph – an early record player that used cylinders to record thrive – grow or develop well and reproduce sound turret – a rotating, armored holder for a gun pile driver – a machine for driving piles into the ground Union – the northern states during the U.S. Civil War, 1861-1865. piles – long, narrow columns made of wood, concrete, or steel, designed to add support in the ground during construction unreliable – not consistent or able to be trusted of a building or other structure vessels – ships or large boats pioneer – one of the first to develop an activity or new area of War of 1812 – a conflict between the United States and England, knowledge 1812-1814 pivoting – turning on a central point World War II – the most widespread war in history, involving most predecessors – people who came before in the same job or place of the world’s nations; fighting took place throughout Europe, privateer – a privately owned armed ship, ordered by a government Asia, and North Africa, 1939-1945 to fight enemy ships quarters – rooms or lodgings

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: Ingenious Inventions Tour Ingenious Inventions Tour | Brooklyn Historical Society

Resources Brooklyn Historical Society Brooklyn Navy Yard: Past, Present and Future Visit the BHS website to find out about special exhibits and educa- Looking to plan an in-depth unit tion programs, search online collections or schedule a school visit on the history of the Brooklyn Navy to the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Yard? Brooklyn Historical Society’s Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 Curriculum Kit, Brooklyn Navy Yard: Past, Present and Future includes Contact the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92 for information a detailed teacher’s guide, lesson about tours, exhibitions and public programming. plans linked to primary sources, Brooklyn Navy Yard and laminated images for use in your classroom. Students will use The Brooklyn Navy Yard is operated by the Brooklyn Navy Yard Dev- primary source documents and images to connect the Brooklyn elopment Corporation. Go here to learn more about the history of the Navy Yard with larger themes in American history. Kits are available Navy Yard and the latest news about what’s happening there today. for purchase for $99, including shipping. For more information, contact Naval History & Heritage Command Extensive information on U.S. Naval history, including education programs and resources connected with four U.S. Naval museums. Brooklyn History – The USS Monitor Books More information about John Ericsson’s ironclad Civil War warship, Bartlestone, John. The Brooklyn Navy Yard, ed. Thomas Roma. the USS Monitor, built at Continental Shipyard in Greenpoint, Brook- Powerhouse Books, 2009. lyn, and outfitted and commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. A powerful series of Bartlestone’s photographs, documenting the Yard’s industrial landscape. Historical Photos of the Brooklyn Navy Yard Berner, Thomas F. The Brooklyn Navy Yard. Arcadia Publishing, 1999. Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation’s collection of The history of the Yard alongside archival photographs. Part of the historical photographs of the Brooklyn Navy Yard and the shipbuild- Images of America series. ing that took place there. 37

Contents | Pre-Visit:Post-Visit: