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Draft Sanniquellie Water Master Plan- Liberia Municipal Water

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Draft Sanniquellie Water Master Plan- Liberia Municipal Water LIBERIA DRAFT SANNIQUELLIE WATER MASTER PLAN LIBERIA MUNICIPAL WATER PROJECT NOVEMBER, 2012 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. This report was prepared for the United States Agency for International Development, USAID Task Order # AID-669-TO-11-00002, under the Global Architecture and Engineering Indefinite Quantity Contract (IQC) No. EDH-I-00-08-00027. Tetra Tech Contact Information: Alioune Fall, Chief of Party ([email protected]) David Favazza, Senior Technical Advisor/Manager ([email protected]) Tetra Tech P.O. Box 1397 Burlington, Vermont USA 05401 Tel: 802-658-3890 COVER PHOTO: On the main road in the City of Sanniquellie, looking southwesterly towards the city’s commercial center. All photos in this report are by Tetra Tech, Inc. DRAFT SANNIQUELLIE WATER MASTER PLAN LIBERIA MUNICIPAL WATER PROJECT NOVEMBER 2012 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 MASTER PLAN SCOPE, PROCESS AND FORMAT ......................................................................................... 6 2.0 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1 WATER SUPPLY CHALLENGES ................................................................................................. 11 2.2 WATER SUPPLY OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................. 12 2.3 PROJECT-SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS ........................................................................................... 12 3.0 DEMOGRAPHICS AND EXISITNG CONDITIONS ............................................................................................ 14 3.1 POPULATION ESTIMATE ........................................................................................................... 14 3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................ 15 3.3 WATER RESOURCES ............................................................................................................... 16 3.4 LAND USE AND WATERSHED PROTECTION ............................................................................... 29 3.5 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................... 33 3.6 ONGOING WORK BY OTHERS .................................................................................................. 45 3.7 INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................... 45 3.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 49 3.9 WATER DEMAND ..................................................................................................................... 68 3.10 POTENTIAL SERVICE AREAS .................................................................................................... 71 4.0 POTENTIAL WATER SYSTEM COMPONENTS .............................................................................................. 77 4.1 GROUNDWATER SUPPLY OPTIONS ........................................................................................... 77 4.2 EXISTING HAND PUMP WELLS ................................................................................................. 78 4.3 SUBSURFACE DAMS ................................................................................................................ 79 4.4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY .................................................................................................... 79 4.5 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OPTIONS ........................................................................................ 83 4.6 LIBERIAN WATER QUALITY SAMPLING ..................................................................................... 86 4.7 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION – PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL .............................................................. 87 4.8 WATER QUALITY EVALUATION - BACTERIALOGICAL ................................................................... 93 4.9 WATER TREATMENT OPTIONS ................................................................................................. 95 4.10 STORAGE OPTIONS............................................................................................................... 105 4.11 WATER DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS ............................................................................................ 107 4.12 PUMPING POWER SYSTEMS OPTIONS .................................................................................... 109 5.0 ALTERNATIVE FORMULATIONS............................................................................................................... 113 5.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE ..................................................................................................... 113 5.2 SOURCE ALTERNATIVE #1: RESTORATION OF PREVIOUS TREATMENT WORKS ......................... 114 5.3 SOURCE ALTERNATIVE #2: RIVER BANK FILTRATION ............................................................... 114 5.4 SOURCE ALTERNATIVE #3: RELOCATION OF SOURCE WATER ON BEE RIVER ......................... 114 5.5 TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE #1: RESTORATION OF PREVIOUS TREATMENT WORKS .................... 115 5.6 TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE #2: MODIFIED TREATMENT WORKS................................................ 116 5.7 TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE #3: PACKAGED WATER TREATMENT PLANTS ................................. 116 5.8 POWER ALTERNATIVE #1: ONSITE DIESEL GENERATOR UNIT .................................................. 116 5.9 POWER ALTERNATIVE #2: SOLAR POWER .............................................................................. 116 5.10 POWER ALTERNATIVE #3: DUAL POWER SYSTEM ................................................................... 116 5.11 STORAGE ALTERNATIVE #1: PREVIOUS ELEVATED WATER TANK ............................................ 117 5.12 STORAGE ALTERNATIVE #2: NEW AT-GRADE WATER TANK .................................................... 117 5.13 STORAGE ALTERNATIVE #3: DUAL STORAGE TANKS ............................................................... 118 5.14 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ALTERNATIVE #1: ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER SUPPLY BASED ON SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................... 118 5.15 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ALTERNATIVE #2: BASED ON NO CURRENT ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER SUPPLY SOURCES ................................................................................................................ 118 6.0 COST ESTIMATES ................................................................................................................................. 119 6.1 CAPITAL COST ESTIMATES OF IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVES ................................................. 119 6.2 OPERATIONAL COST ESTIMATES ............................................................................................ 128 6.3 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 134 6.4 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY................................................................................................... 138 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS OF SELECTED ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................ 140 7.1 SHORT-TERM PROJECTS ...................................................................................................... 140 7.2 MEDIUM-TERM PROJECTS ..................................................................................................... 142 7.3 LONG-TERM PROJECTS ........................................................................................................ 142 8.0 SANITATION ...................................................................................................................................... 144 8.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 144 8.2 CURRENT SANITATION STATUS OF SANNIQUELLIE ................................................... 145 8.3 PROPOSED METHODS FOR ADDRESSING CHANGES IN SANITATION STATUS ...... 151 8.4 HOUSEHOLD WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR IMPROVED SANITATION .......................... 159 8.5 IMPROVING HYGIENE BEHAVIOR AND SANITATION PRACTICES .............................. 159 8.6 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................... 161 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................................................. 164 9.1 ORGANIZATIONAL ................................................................................................................. 164 9.2 STAKEHOLDER INPUT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ................................................................... 165 9.3 FUNDING .............................................................................................................................
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