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Download a PDF of the Toolkit Here
This toolkit was created through a collaboration with MediaJustice's Disinfo Defense League as a resource for people and organizations engaging in work to dismantle, defund, and abolish systems of policing and carceral punishment, while also navigating trials of police officers who murder people in our communities. Trials are not tools of abolition; rather, they are a (rarely) enforced consequence within the current system under the Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) for people who murder while working as police officers. Police are rarely charged when they commit these murders and even less so when the victim is Black. We at MPD150 are committed to the deconstruction of the PIC in its entirety and until this is accomplished, we also honor the need for people who are employed as police officers to be held to the same laws they weaponize against our communities. We began working on this project in March of 2021 as our city was bracing for the trial of Derek Chauvin, the white police officer who murdered George Floyd, a Black man, along with officers J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane while Tou Thao stood guard on May 25th, 2020. During the uprising that followed, Chauvin was charged with, and on April 20th, 2021 ultimately found guilty of, second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter. Municipalities will often use increased police presence in an attempt to assert control and further criminalize Black and brown bodies leading up to trials of police officers, and that is exactly what we experienced in Minneapolis. During the early days of the Chauvin trial, Daunte Wright, a 20-year-old Black man was murdered by Kim Potter, a white Brooklyn Center police officer, during a traffic stop on April 11th, 2021. -
The Retributive Philosophies of Executive Clemency
IS THERE JUSTICE IN MERCY? THE RETRIBUTIVE PHILOSOPHIES OF EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY Gina N. Gibbs Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2013 APPROVED: Peggy Tobolowsky, Co-Major Professor and Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice Chad. R. Trulson, Co-Major Professor Adam Trahan, Committee Member Thomas Evenson, Dean of the College of Public Affairs and Community Service Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Gibbs, Gina N. Is There Justice in Mercy? The Retributive Philosophies of Executive Clemency. Master of Science (Criminal Justice), May 2013, 85 pp., 9 tables. Executive clemency is assumed to be a mechanism to correct miscarriages of justice brought about by the criminal justice system, yet little empirical research exists to confirm this assumption. This research study examined the types of rationales cited in 799 cases of executive clemency from six states from 2005 to 2012. Rationales based upon retributive philosophies, in which a miscarriage of justice was cited, were further analyzed. This analysis revealed that only seven percent of all clemency decisions from the examined states cited retributive rationales. Of the fifty-six grants of clemency that cited retributive rationales, most were granted in the forms of pardons. The analysis indicated that executive clemency is utilized as a mechanism to correct injustices, specifically in cases of innocence. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and the reliance on executive clemency as a fail-safe to the criminal justice system. Copyright 2013 by Gina N. Gibbs ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my mother and father. -
Death-Penalty-Pakistan
Report Mission of Investigation Slow march to the gallows Death penalty in Pakistan Executive Summary. 5 Foreword: Why mobilise against the death penalty . 8 Introduction and Background . 16 I. The legal framework . 21 II. A deeply flawed and discriminatory process, from arrest to trial to execution. 44 Conclusion and recommendations . 60 Annex: List of persons met by the delegation . 62 n° 464/2 - January 2007 Slow march to the gallows. Death penalty in Pakistan Table of contents Executive Summary. 5 Foreword: Why mobilise against the death penalty . 8 1. The absence of deterrence . 8 2. Arguments founded on human dignity and liberty. 8 3. Arguments from international human rights law . 10 Introduction and Background . 16 1. Introduction . 16 2. Overview of death penalty in Pakistan: expanding its scope, reducing the safeguards. 16 3. A widespread public support of death penalty . 19 I. The legal framework . 21 1. The international legal framework. 21 2. Crimes carrying the death penalty in Pakistan . 21 3. Facts and figures on death penalty in Pakistan. 26 3.1. Figures on executions . 26 3.2. Figures on condemned prisoners . 27 3.2.1. Punjab . 27 3.2.2. NWFP. 27 3.2.3. Balochistan . 28 3.2.4. Sindh . 29 4. The Pakistani legal system and procedure. 30 4.1. The intermingling of common law and Islamic Law . 30 4.2. A defendant's itinerary through the courts . 31 4.2.1. The trial . 31 4.2.2. Appeals . 31 4.2.3. Mercy petition . 31 4.2.4. Stays of execution . 33 4.3. The case law: gradually expanding the scope of death penalty . -
Learning About Learning from Error James M
Ideas in POLICE American FOUNDATION Number 14 Policing May 2012 Learning About Learning From Error James M. Doyle here has been a lot of tragedies, can be replaced by justice practitioners may be ready learning from error going a new period dedicated to the to give it a try. There are strong T on in American criminal sustained, routine practice of arguments that the policing justice since the publication in learning from error? Criminal community can and should 1996 of the U.S. Department of Justice’s compilation of the first twenty-eight wrongful Ideas in American Policing presents commentary and insight from leading crimi- nologists on issues of interest to scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The convictions exposed by DNA. papers published in this series are from the Police Foundation lecture series of the Does it indicate that criminal same name. Points of view in this document are those of the author and do not justice practitioners can adopt necessarily represent the official position of the Police Foundation. The full series is available online at http://www.policefoundation.org/docs/library.html. some version of the quality © 2012 Police Foundation. All rights reserved. reform initiatives that have reshaped other high-risk fields James M. Doyle, a Boston attorney, is currently a Visiting Fellow such as aviation and medicine? at the National Institute of Justice, where he is examining the Can the criminal justice system utility of the organizational-accident model for understanding and embrace “a theory of work, avoiding system-level errors in criminal justice. He has written which conceptualize[s] the extensively on the issue of eyewitness identification testimony continual improvement of in criminal cases, including a fourth edition of his treatise for quality as intrinsic to the work lawyers, Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal, and the itself” (Kenney 2008, 30)? historical narrative, True Witness: Cops, Courts, Science, and the Is it possible that the current Battle Against Misidentification. -
The Twitter Rhetoric of Racialized Police Brutality
Denison University Denison Digital Commons Denison Student Scholarship 2020 Limited calls for justice: The Twitter rhetoric of racialized police brutality Nina Cosdon Denison University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/studentscholarship Recommended Citation Cosdon, Nina, "Limited calls for justice: The Twitter rhetoric of racialized police brutality" (2020). Denison Student Scholarship. 33. https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/studentscholarship/33 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Denison Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denison Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Denison Digital Commons. Limited calls for justice: The Twitter rhetoric of racialized police brutality Nina Raphaella Cosdon Project Advisor: Dr. Omedi Ochieng Department of Communication Denison University Summer Scholars Project 2020 Cosdon 2 Abstract This research sought to understand how Americans respond to racialized police violence by examining discourse conducted in the social medium, Twitter. To that end, it does a close reading of Twitter discourse to excavate the social ideologies that structure how racialized violence is conceptualized. It aimed to illuminate the possibilities and limits of Twitter as both a forum for public discourse and a technological medium of communication. After weeks of analyzing the rhetoric of Twitter users speaking against police brutality, the findings suggest that the vast majority are calling for conservative, status quo-enforcing reforms to the corrupt policing they claim to oppose. Additionally, this research concludes that Twitter, though an effective space for spreading awareness and garnering support for activist causes, is limited in its ability to enact social change. Cosdon 3 We are in the midst of a civil rights movement. -
Facebook As a Reflection of Race- and Gender-Based Narratives Following the Death of George Floyd
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Exceptional Injustice: Facebook as a Reflection of Race- and Gender-Based Narratives Following the Death of George Floyd Patricia J Dixon and Lauren Dundes * Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 November 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 15 December 2020 Abstract: Following the death of George Floyd, Facebook posts about the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM) surged, creating the opportunity to examine reactions by race and sex. This study employed a two-part mixed methods approach beginning with an analysis of posts from a single college student’s Facebook newsfeed over a 12-week period, commencing on the date of George Floyd’s death (25 May 2020). A triangulation protocol enhanced exploratory observational–archival Facebook posts with qualitative data from 24 Black and White college students queried about their views of BLM and policing. The Facebook data revealed that White males, who were the least active in posting about BLM, were most likely to criticize BLM protests. They also believed incidents of police brutality were exceptions that tainted an otherwise commendable profession. In contrast, Black individuals commonly saw the case of George Floyd as consistent with a longstanding pattern of injustice that takes an emotional toll, and as an egregious exemplification of racism that calls for indictment of the status quo. The exploratory data in this article also illustrate how even for a cause célèbre, attention on Facebook ebbs over time. This phenomenon obscures the urgency of effecting change, especially for persons whose understanding of racism is influenced by its coverage on social media. -
532 Administrative Law Iraq, 210–212, 399–417 Libya, 242–243 Morocco, 354–357 Oman, 298–299 Sudan, 252–253 Syri
532 Index Administrative law Armed force Iraq, 210–212, 399–417 defence see Self-defence Libya, 242–243 implied authorisation, 18–20 Morocco, 354–357 Iraq see Iraq War Oman, 298–299 UN Charter, 5, 11–21 Sudan, 252–253 Aviation Syria, 202 final status agreement, 443 Afghanistan Lockerbie trial, 507–508 administration, 481–482 Axis of evil, 5 constitutional law, 457–485 fundamental rights, 461–466 Bahrain government, 470–471 commercial agents, 288 judiciary, 478–481 constitutional law, 288–289 Loya Jirga, 477 elections, 289 National Assembly, 471–477 employment, 285–287 president, 467–470 freedom of expression, 287 state of emergency, 482–483 legislation, 290–294 statehood, 458–460 media law, 287 transitional provisions, 485 Banking Al-Qa’eda Egypt, 192–193 Iraq, 10 governing law, 511, 522–525 Pakistan, 372, 373, 378 guarantees, 516–517, 525–526 Arab League Lebanon, 239–240 Beirut Summit, 430 murâbaha/Morabaha contracts, judicial cooperation, 86 509–526 Palestinian refugees, 115, 154–155 Oman, 300–301 Arab Peace Initiative, 449 Saudi Arabia, 73 Arbitration Shamil Bank case, 509–526 see also Dispute resolution shari’a, 509–526 Egypt, 182–183 shari’a board, 510 foreign arbitration, 81–83 Yemen, 335 ICSID Convention, 84–86, 262 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement (1998), Lebanon, 235–236, 238 93 New York Convention, 81–83 Belgium, 95 OPIC Convention, 83–84 Bosnia Herzogovina, 91, 93–94, Saudi Arabia, 79–86 101–102, 106–107 shari’a, 79 Botanical products, 191 United Arab Emirates, 275 Index 533 Canada, 128, 160 Compensation Capital markets Dayton -
Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction Author(s): Seri Irazola, Ph.D., Erin Williamson, Julie Stricker, Emily Niedzwiecki Document No.: 244084 Date Received: November 2013 Award Number: GS-23F-8182H This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant report available electronically. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Final Report Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction Contract No. GS-23F-8182H September, 2013 Submitted to: National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice Submitted by: ICF Incorporated 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 Final Report Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction Contract No. GS-23F-8182H September, 2013 Submitted to: National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice Submitted by: ICF Incorporated 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction Study of Victim Experiences of Wrongful Conviction Seri Irazola, Ph.D. Erin Williamson Julie Stricker Emily Niedzwiecki ICF International 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031-1207 This project was supported by Contract No. GS-23F-8182H, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. -
ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before
ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 1/181 NM PT ras Original: English No.: ICC-02/17 Date: 20 November 2017 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua, Presiding Judge Judge Chang-ho Chung Judge Raul C. Pangalangan SITUATION IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN PUBLIC with confidential, EX PARTE, Annexes 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 6, public Annexes 4, 5 and 7, and public redacted version of Annex 1-Conf-Exp Public redacted version of “Request for authorisation of an investigation pursuant to article 15”, 20 November 2017, ICC-02/17-7-Conf-Exp Source: Office of the Prosecutor ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 2/181 NM PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Mrs Fatou Bensouda Mr James Stewart Mr Benjamin Gumpert Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the Victims Defence States’ Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Defence Support Section Mr Herman von Hebel Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Mr Nigel Verrill No. ICC- 02/17 2/181 20 November 2017 ICC-02/17-7-Red 20-11-2017 3/181 NM PT I. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 6 II. Confidentiality ................................................................................................. -
Enter the Title of the Paper
Policing and Human Rights Eliminating Discrimination, Xenophobia, Intolerance and the Abuse of Power from Police Work Benjamin Bowling Coretta Phillips Alexandra Campbell Maria Docking Identities, Conflict and Cohesion United Nations Programme Paper Number 4 Research Institute May 2004 for Social Development This United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Programme Paper was written for the 2001 UNRISD International Conference on Racism and Public Policy. This conference was carried out with the support of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). UNRISD also thanks the governments of Den- mark, Finland, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for their core funding. Copyright © UNRISD. Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. The designations employed in UNRISD publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNRISD con- cerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the author(s), and publication does not constitute endorse- ment -
Evidence Destroyed, Innocence Lost: the Preservation of Biological Evidence Under Innocence Protection Statutes
American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals Scholarship & Research 2005 Evidence Destroyed, Innocence Lost: The Preservation of Biological Evidence under Innocence Protection Statutes Cynthia Jones American University Washington College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_lawrev Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Evidence Commons, and the Fourteenth Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Jones, Cynthia, "Evidence Destroyed, Innocence Lost: The Preservation of Biological Evidence under Innocence Protection Statutes" (2005). Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals. 1636. https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_lawrev/1636 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Scholarship & Research at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVIDENCE DESTROYED, INNOCENCE LOST: THE PRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE UNDER INNOCENCE PROTECTION STATUTES Cynthia E. Jones* In 1997, Texas governor George W. Bush issued a pardon to Kevin Byrd, a man convicted of sexually assaulting a pregnant woman while her two-year old daughter lay asleep beside her.' As part of the original criminal investigation, a medical examination was performed on the victim and bodily fluids from the rapist were collected for forensic analysis in a "rape kit." At the time of Mr. Byrd's trial in 1985, DNA technology was not yet available for forensic analysis of biological evidence.2 In 1997, however, a comparison of Mr. -
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Roberts V the Queen [2021] VSCA 28
SUPREME COURT OF VICTORIA COURT OF APPEAL S EAPCR 2020 0249 JASON JOSEPH ROBERTS Appellant v THE QUEEN Respondent --- JUDGES: MAXWELL P, NIALL and EMERTON JJA WHERE HELD: MELBOURNE DATE OF HEARING: 22 January 2021 DATE OF JUDGMENT: 26 February 2021 MEDIUM NEUTRAL CITATION: [2021] VSCA 28 JUDGMENT APPEALED FROM: [2020] VSC 793 (Beach JA) --- CRIMINAL LAW – Appeal – Bail – Murder – Miscarriage of justice – Retrial ordered after convictions quashed – Application for bail pending retrial – Bail refused – Appeal from refusal of bail – Whether exceptional circumstances exist that justify the grant of bail – Appellant in custody for 20 years before convictions quashed – Whether period of custody constitutes pre-trial delay – Reliance on injustice of corrupted trial and resulting hardship of incarceration – Whether continued incarceration unjust – Whether judge misconstrued applicable provisions – Whether refusal of bail unreasonable – No specific error – Refusal of bail reasonably open – Appeal dismissed – Bail Act 1977 ss 1B, 3AAA, 4A, 4E. WORDS AND PHRASES – ‘exceptional circumstances exist that justify the grant of bail’. --- APPEARANCES: Counsel Solicitors For the Appellant Mr P Matthews Stary Norton Halphen and Mr P Smallwood For the Respondent Mr B Ihle SC Ms A Hogan, Solicitor for with Mr G Hayward Public Prosecutions COURT OF APPEAL 459 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 MAXWELL P NIALL JA EMERTON JA: Summary 1 On 15 August 2000, the appellant was arrested and charged with murdering two police officers. On 31 December 2002, he was convicted of both charges of murder. On 24 February 2003, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, with a non- parole period of 35 years. Successive applications for leave to appeal to the Court of Appeal and the High Court failed.