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Waste Strategy 2000 England and Wales Part 2 Waste Strategy 2000 for England and Wales Part 2

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Waste Strategy 2000 England and Wales Part 2 Waste Strategy 2000 for England and Wales Part 2 Waste Strategy 2000 Part 1 of this strategy sets out the Government’s vision for managing waste and resources. This Part is a complement to Part 1, and should be read in conjunction with that document. It provides more detailed information on many of the policies in Part 1, and describes arrangements for a number of specific waste streams. England &England Wales Part 2 Waste Strategy 2000 England and Wales Part 2 Waste Strategy 2000 for England and Wales Part 2 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions by Command of Her Majesty: Laid before the National Assembly for Wales by the First Secretary: May 2000 Cm 4693-2 £20.00 Waste Strategy 2000: England and Wales (Part 2) Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Eland House Bressenden Place London SW1E 5DU Telephone 020 7944 3000 Internet service http://www.detr.gov.uk © Crown Copyright 2000 Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design vests in the Crown. Extracts of this publication may be made for non-commercial in-house use, subject to the source being acknowledged. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The Copyright Unit, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, St Clements House, 1-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. ISBN 0 10 146933 0 Printed in the UK on material containing 75% post-consumer waste and 25% ECF pulp. May 2000. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Introduction 7 The vision, aims and objectives of the waste strategy 7 Application of this strategy 9 CHAPTER 2: Identifying the problem 10 Descriptions of waste 10 Waste tracking and monitoring systems 11 Commercial and industrial waste data 12 Municipal waste data 15 Sustainable waste and resource use indicators 16 Waste research, advice and information sources 23 CHAPTER 3: The decision-making framework 26 Determining the Best Practicable Environmental Option 27 Life cycle assessment 30 Extending the rationale of decisions 31 Land use planning and waste 31 Key players 32 National planning guidance 33 Regional planning guidance 33 Development plans 34 Planning applications 35 Key actions for effective waste planning 35 Waste regulation and licensing 35 Duty of Care 37 Waste and integrated pollution prevention and control 38 CHAPTER 4: Waste stakeholders 39 Identifying the waste generators 39 Businesses 40 Householders 48 Government 51 Regulating and managing waste 54 The Environment Agency 55 The waste management industry 56 Waste Strategy 2000: England and Wales (Part 2) Waste collection activity 58 Waste recovery, treatment and disposal activities 61 Integrating waste collection and disposal activities 63 CHAPTER 5: Waste management options 64 Waste reduction 64 Re-use 66 Recycling 69 Composting 73 Waste as a fuel 77 New and emerging energy recovery technologies 82 Biomechanical waste treatment 83 Landspreading waste 84 Landfill and landraising 85 Incineration without energy recovery 88 CHAPTER 6: Handling hazardous waste 89 Dealing with hazardous wastes 89 What is hazardous waste? 89 Data on hazardous waste 90 General legislative and technical requirements 93 Hazardous waste reduction 93 Re-use, recovery and recycling 94 Hazardous waste incineration 95 Landfill 97 Pre-treatment 99 Issues for the BPEO for hazardous waste 99 CHAPTER 7: Dealing with packaging and packaging waste 101 EC Packaging Directive obligations 101 UK response to the EC Directive 102 Forecasts – packaging waste and recovery levels 103 Critical factors in achieving targets 104 Material specific obstacles to increased reprocessing 105 Consumer awareness and contribution 106 CHAPTER 8: Progress with various waste streams 107 Agricultural wastes and pesticides 107 Batteries 109 Clinical waste 111 Construction and demolition waste 114 Electrical and electronic equipment 118 End-of-life vehicles 119 Glass 121 Green waste 122 Metals 123 Mine and quarry wastes 125 Waste oils 128 Ozone depleting substances 130 Paper 131 Polychlorinated biphenyls 133 Plastics 134 Power station ash 135 Blast furnace and steelmaking slags 136 Sewage sludge 137 Contaminated soil 140 Textiles and clothing 141 Tyres 143 Waste wood 144 ANNEX A Major waste facilities in England and Wales 147 ANNEX B Legal framework for waste management 167 ANNEX C Regulatory Impact Assessment 175 ANNEX D Glossary of terms 195 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Part 1 of this strategy sets out a vision of sustainable waste management in England and Wales for the next 20 years. It offers a strategic overview of waste policy, outlines the scale of the task facing us and the tools we can bring to bear on that challenge, and gives details of the actions stakeholders need to take in the next 5 years to meet the vision and targets we have set ourselves. 1.2 Part 2 is set out as a complement to Part 1, and should be read in conjunction with that document. In it, we: • provide further data on the nature and quantity of waste production • provide more detailed background to many of the policies described in Part 1 • describe some of the progress we have made since the last waste strategy, Making Waste Work, was published in 1995 • set out arrangements for a number of specific waste streams, including packaging waste and special (hazardous) waste • describe the existing facilities for managing waste in England and Wales The vision, aims and objectives of the waste strategy 1.3 The key messages of the waste strategy are: • we produced 106 million tonnes of commercial, industrial and municipal waste in England and Wales last year, most of which was sent to landfill • at the heart of our strategy lies the need to tackle the growth in our waste • we need to maximise the amount of value we recover from waste, through increased recycling, composting and energy recovery • the strategy sets challenging targets for better waste management: – to recover value from 45% of municipal waste by 2010, at least 30% through recycling or composting – to recover value from two thirds of municipal waste by 2015, at least half of that through recycling and composting, and to go beyond this in the longer term 7 Waste Strategy 2000: England and Wales (Part 2) • we need to develop new and stronger markets for recycled materials – we will set up a major new programme, the sustainable waste action trust, to deliver more recycling and re-use, help deliver markets and end uses for secondary materials, and promote an integrated approach to resource use • producers must increasingly expect to arrange for recovery of their products – in particular, we will develop an initiative on junk mail • the amount of waste sent to landfill must be reduced substantially – we will introduce a system of tradable permits in England, restricting the amount of biodegradable municipal waste local authorities can send to landfill • local authorities will need to make significant strides in recycling and composting – we will set statutory performance standards for local authority recycling and composting. We will work with local authorities to pilot schemes encouraging householders to reduce waste, and to participate in recycling schemes • where energy recovery facilities are needed, we believe they should be appropriately sized to avoid competition with recycling, and the opportunities for incorporating Combined Heat and Power technology should always be considered Waste and other Government policy initiatives Waste has important links with many other aspects of Government policy. This strategy has therefore been prepared in light of the policies described in: ● The sustainable development strategy, A Better Quality of Life, May 1999 Cm 4345 ● Climate Change: Draft UK Programme, DETR, February 2000, Product Code: 99EP0850. The Government’s energy efficiency policy is being developed alongside the UK Climate Change Programme. The Government’s energy policy, including sustainable energy, is set out in the DTI White Paper Conclusions of the Review of Energy Sources for Power Generation and Government Response to Fourth and Fifth Reports of the Trade and Industry Committee published in October 1998 (Cm 4071) ● Sustainable Business – A consultation paper on sustainable development and business in the UK, DETR, March 1998 ● Building a Better Quality of Life: A Strategy for more Sustainable Construction, DETR, April 2000, Product Code: 99CD1065 ● New and Renewable Energy – Prospects for the 21st Century: Conclusions in Response to the Public Consultation Paper, DTI, 2000 ● The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, DETR January 2000, Cm 4548, SE 2000-3, NIA-7 ● Sustainable Production and use of Chemicals – A Strategic Approach – The Government’s Chemicals Strategy, December 1999 ● The Draft Soil Strategy – to be published for consultation later this year ● The White Paper on Integrated Transport, A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone, July 1998 Cm 3950 ● the 2000 Budget statement ● and taking into account developments in local and regional government, including the Best Value initiative, and the establishment of Regional Development Agencies. 8 Introduction Application of this strategy 1.4 This waste strategy (both Part 1 and Part 2), together with guidance to planning authorities on the siting of facilities, implements for England and Wales the requirement within the Framework Directive on Waste1, and associated Directives2, to produce waste management plans. Strategies covering Scotland and Northern Ireland have also been prepared, by the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency and the Northern Ireland Environment and Heritage Service. 1.5 The requirements for waste management plans in these Directives is implemented into law by Section 44a of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (as amended by the Environment Act 1995). 1.6 This strategy (both Part 1 and Part 2) is also a strategy for dealing with waste diverted from landfill in England and Wales, as required by the Landfill Directive3. 1.7 This White Paper (both Part 1 and Part 2) replaces the previous waste management plan for England and Wales, published in June 1999 under the title A Way With Waste – a draft waste strategy for England and Wales.
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