Stinging Pests Hymenoptera
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10/28/2015 Hymenoptera Larvae grub-like or maggot-like mostly, some resemble caterpillars Complete metamorphosis Membranous wings Stinging Pests Hind wings smaller Peter Warren Tiny hooks (hamuli) join wings Urban Horticulture Agent Pima County Cooperative Extension Hard bodied Females usually have ovipositor modified for defense Mostly beneficial Pollinators, predators, parasites, provide honey and wax Sawfly Family: Tenthredinidae Family: Ichneumonidae • Long antennae • Often brightly colored • Females have a long ovipositor, sometimes • Body shape is somewhat roundish and • Larvae are caterpillar-like, but no crochets robust, fly like in appearance and more than five pairs of prolegs longer than body • Parasitoids, larvae feed on a single insect host • Many adults are predaceous • Larvae are herbivore pests 1 10/28/2015 scopa • Labrium and maxillae form tongue like structure for lapping up liquid. 2 10/28/2015 Worker bees fanning hive with wings • Antennae elbowed • nodes • Gender controlled by queen, 2N females Wasp or Bee? Bees and Wasps Most people cannot distinguish between the two Most stings are caused by • Primary concern about the group is wasps their defensive behavior - they sting Proper control depends on identification • As many as 10 - 15% of residents will be stung in any given year 3 10/28/2015 Major Differences Between Bees and Wasps What is a Bee? Many types of bees present in AZ Flying insects that collect nectar and pollen 1. Wasps are predatory; 20,000 species, many differences between them bees feed on plant Some make honey and some don’t products Some sting, while others can’t 2. Bees are hairy and have plumose or branched hairs Leafcutter Bee Arizona Bees Beneficial Insect Honeybee Carpenter Pollinators bee Not aggressive Sting Sting under extreme circumstance Sweat bee Bumble bee Sting Small Sting 4 10/28/2015 Venom Sack Honey Bee Biology Bees are social insects and live in colonies Caste system Queen Worker Drone Swarm vs Hive Swarm vs Hive Hives Swarms • Permanent: weeks + • Temporary: present 1- • Usually in holes, walls, 4days trees •Always exposed & open • Most bees not visible • Visible cluster of bees • Usually much flight activity • Usually quiet, little flight • If exposed, comb seen • Comb not present • Often defensive • Very rarely defensive • Bees with yellow/orange • Pollen-laden bees not seen pollen on legs arriving • Usually occurs in spring 5 10/28/2015 Hives Hives Usually made in openings Bee Problems and Control Hive and Swarm Removal Bees are beneficial and should not be killed unless they are causing a problem Bee hives and swarms should be handled by Bumble bee nests are small and can be killed with an professionals insecticidal spray or a dust placed in the entrance Local bee keepers are available for removal of bees Carpenter bees only cause problems in early spring Honey bee nests are difficult to destroy and should be done by a professional 6 10/28/2015 Bee Pollination Bumble Bee Biology Bumble bees have a biology and life cycle Honeybees provide 80% of the pollination needed by similar to Vespid wasps agricultural crops. Nests are started by queens in the spring US harvest more than $20 billions annually in and die out at the end of the season pollinated crops. Bees are important! Bumble bees nest in the ground, old mouse nests, old hay or similar locations Bumble bee colonies are generally small Bumble bee nest Carpenter Bees What’s Not a Bee Carpenter bees resemble bumble bees Tarantula Carpenter bees are solitary and nest in wood Wasp Yellow They are not aggressive, but male bees will Jacket defend territories (but males cannot sting!) They can be common around structures Paper where wood is exposed to nesting Wasp Baldfaced Hornet All can sting multiple times 7 10/28/2015 Problems with Paper Wasps Wasp and Hornet Nests Most problems occur in late summer and fall when nest are large Wasps are more defensive when nests are large Yellowjackets readily scavenge food, bringing them into contact with people Good sanitation will help reduce problems Removing Nests Stay Safe This is a dangerous job! Remain calm Large nests should be removed by pest control operator Never wave your arms when approached by a stinging insect! Small nests (can be handled by others) Cover face/neck, wear long sleeves, long pants, hat and Cover face with hands and look through fingers eye protection Spray at night when wasps are quiet Run directly to a building or car If in the open run 2 football field lengths 8 10/28/2015 Ants Ant vs Termite More than 12,000 species of ants all over the world Ants Termites Elbowed antenna Straight antenna Use pheromones to communicate (ant trials) Skinny waste Thick waste Social insects Workers Males Queen Find the Source Food Sharing The best way to treat ants is at the source Trophallaxis Spraying individual ants is not effective You must kill the queen 9 10/28/2015 Ant Food Boric Acid Baits Ants eat different things Sweet bait- 3 ounces (6 tablespoons) honey Seeds ¾ teaspoon boric acid Protein Protein bait- Dog food, peanut butter 2 ounces (4 tablespoons) peanut butter Sweet 3/4 teaspoon boric acid Sweet food, honey, jelly Red Imported Fire Ant Stinging Ants Originated in South America Ants sting not bite First found in Mobile Alabama between 1918-1930 Can be very painful No known colonies in AZ In response to danger A few nests are found each year but they are destroyed 10 10/28/2015 Little Black Ant Harvester Ant 1/16 inch long 1/4 to 1/2-inch long Nests in soil under debris, in open areas and in turf Nest in open areas, under concrete slabs and turf Sweet ant Seed feeders Aphid/mealybug honeydew Sweet human food Amdro Imidacloprid gel bait Carpenter Ant Arizona Fire Ant 1/4 to 1/2 inch Native to Arizona Nest in damp wood (decomposers of decaying wood) 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch Wide variety of foods Nest in turf For best management fix leaks Protein feeders Granular baits and gel baits specifically designed for carpenter ants Amdro and Fipronel 11 10/28/2015 Questions? 12.