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Diplomarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0 - Filmproduktion im Kontext von New Media“ Verfasserin Stefanie Amlacher angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. habil. Ramón Reichert 2 Für meine Schwester. 3 4 Für die Betreuung der Diplomarbeit und die konsequente Unterstützung möchte ich mich sehr herzlich bei Herrn Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. habil. Ramón Reichert bedanken. Besonderer Dank gilt auch meiner Schwester, Sabrina Amlacher – Sabsi ohne deine Unterstützung, deine harten Worte, deine Aufmunterungen und dein positives Wesen hätte ich die Arbeit nie schreiben können. Danke! Außerdem möchte ich mich noch bei drei Freunden, Emanuel Lohninger, Isabell Wilke und Tobias Lechner, bedanken, die mein endloses Reden über den Schreibprozess meiner Diplomarbeit stets geduldig ertrugen und mir mit Rat zur Seite standen. Dank gebührt auch meinen Eltern, Sylvia und Hubert Amlacher, die mir das Studium ermöglicht haben und mich besonders in den letzten Monaten sehr unterstützt haben. 5 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................ 9 1.1. Aufbau der Arbeit .................................................................................................. 10 1.2. Ziel der Arbeit......................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Forschungsfragen ................................................................................................... 13 2. Kollektive Kreativität, Web 2.0 und Filmindustrie – ein Überblick ............14 2.1. Klärung der Begrifflichkeit – Kollektive Kreativität beim Film ............................... 14 2.2. „Net Generation“–„the new participatory culture“ .............................................. 20 2.3. „Mitmachweb“ als „Gamechanger“ – Filmindustrie und Web 2.0 ........................ 28 2.3.1. „Snakes on a Plane“ ....................................................................................... 32 2.3.2. User Generated Advertising ........................................................................... 36 2.3.3. Fandome ........................................................................................................ 39 2.3.4. movie geeks ................................................................................................... 42 2.3.5. TV 2.0 ............................................................................................................. 45 2.3.6. Web 2.0 als Filmvertriebsmöglichkeit ............................................................ 47 2.3.7. Creative Commons und Open Source ............................................................ 49 2.4. Fazit zum Themenkomplex „Kollektive Kreativität, Web 2.0 und Filmindustrie – Ein Überblick“ .................................................................................................................... 52 3. Kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0 ..............................................................57 3.1. Grundbestandteile kollektiver Filmprojekte .......................................................... 58 3.1.1. Initiatoren ...................................................................................................... 59 3.1.2. Community ..................................................................................................... 63 3.1.3. Direkte und indirekte Handlungsaufträge ..................................................... 69 3.1.4. Promise, Tool & Bargain ................................................................................. 72 3.1.5. Die „1%-Regel“ ............................................................................................... 76 3.2. Fazit zum Kapitel „Kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0“ ....................................... 80 4. Formen von Zusammenarbeit bei kollektiven Filmprojekten .....................82 4.1. Kollektive Projekte im Web 2.0 – eine Unterteilung nach Christiane Heibach ..... 83 4.2. 3 Typen von Kollaboration – nach Deb Lavoy ........................................................ 91 4.3. Prosumtion ............................................................................................................. 94 4.3.1. Open Source ................................................................................................... 97 4.4. Crowdsourcing ..................................................................................................... 100 4.5. Crowdfunding....................................................................................................... 105 4.6. Conclusio – Strukturen kollektiver Filmprojekte im Web 2.0 .............................. 110 7 5. Projektanalyse – Kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0 ............................... 113 5.1. „Iron Sky“ .............................................................................................................. 117 5.2. „Life in a Day“ ....................................................................................................... 127 5.3. „The Owner“ ......................................................................................................... 135 6. Filmanalyse – Filmwerke kollektiver Natur im Web 2.0 ............................ 147 6.1. „Iron Sky“ .............................................................................................................. 161 6.2. „Life in a Day“ ....................................................................................................... 163 6.3. „The Owner“ ......................................................................................................... 170 6.4. Conclusio des Themenkomplexes „Filmanalyse – Filmwerke kollektiver Natur im Web 2.0“ ........................................................................................................................... 173 7. Zusammenfassung & Schlussfolgerungen ............................................... 178 7.1. Amateure vs. Profis .............................................................................................. 181 8. Ausblick & Anmerkungen ........................................................................... 185 9. Quellenverzeichnis ...................................................................................... 187 9.1. Literaturverzeichnis .............................................................................................. 187 9.2. Internet-Quellen ................................................................................................... 190 9.3. Filme, Videos ........................................................................................................ 197 9.4. Web 2.0 – kollektive Filmprojektwebsites ........................................................... 199 10. Anhang ......................................................................................................... 201 10.1. Abstract ............................................................................................................ 201 10.2. Email-Interview mit Xavier Agudo .................................................................... 202 10.3. Lebenslauf ........................................................................................................ 205 8 1. Einleitung In den letzten Jahren, speziell seit der Realisierung des Kultfilmes „Snakes on a Plane“ im Jahre 2005, ist die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe von Web 2.0, einen Film zu produzieren, zu einem alltäglichen Phänomen geworden. Amateure wie Profis nutzen die Vorteile und Gegebenheiten des Internets, beziehungsweise innovative Geschäftsmodelle wie Crowdsourcing, Open Source, Prosumtion, oder aber Crowdfunding, um einen Film herzustellen. Überdies ist das Internet voll von Filmfans, movie geeks und Amateuren oder DIY-Filmemachern, die die Chance nutzen möchten, ihr Know-How in einer Community zu diskutieren, oder an diversen Filmherstellungsprozessen mitzuwirken. Angespielt wird hier auf den Wandel des Filmzuschauers von einem passiven Konsumenten, hin zu einem aktiven Prosumenten. Dieser Trend, dass die „Net-Generation“ an Filmherstellung teilhaben will, war unter anderem dafür ausschlaggebend, dass sich die Filmindustrie und Web 2.0 einander annäherten. Das aktuellste und wahrscheinlich zukunftsträchtigste Ergebnis der Zusammenkunft von Web 2.0 und der Filmindustrie sind kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0. Diese Filmprojekte, die über das Web 2.0 initiiert und durchgeführt werden, gelten als ein sehr junges Phänomen in der Filmwissenschaft. Ziel solcher Projekte ist es im Kollektiv, also zusammen mit der „Net-Generation“ und via Web 2.0, möglichst alle Produktionsphasen zu durchlaufen, und einen Film herzustellen. Feature Filme, die im Kollektiv via Web 2.0 tatsächlich fertiggestellt wurden und in der Filmindustrie für Aufsehen gesorgt haben, lassen sich an einer Hand abzählen und feierten ihre Premiere in den Jahren 2011 und 2012. Da kollektive Filmprojekte im Web 2.0 als noch kaum erforschter Bereich in der Film- bzw. Medienwissenschaft gelten, wird in dieser Arbeit der Versuch einer Strukturierung, kollektiver Filmprojekte im Web 2.0, unternommen. Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, auf welche Weise sich die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Projektinitiatoren und
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