Income Generating Activities in Public Primary Schools and Their Contribution to School Funds in Tanzania: the Case of Busega District Council
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The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Education Master Dissertations 2019 Income generating activities in public primary schools and their contribution to school funds in Tanzania: The case of Busega district council Lasway, Magno Mtorobo The University of Dodoma Lasway, M. M. (2019). Income generating activities in public primary schools and their þÿcontribution to school funds in Tanzania: the case of Busega district council (Master s dissertation). The University of Dodoma, Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/2110 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SCHOOL FUNDS IN TANZANIA: THE CASE OF BUSEGA DISTRICT COUNCIL LASWAY, MAGNO MTOROBO MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA OCTOBER, 2019 INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SCHOOL FUNDS IN TANZANIA: THE CASE OF BUSEGA DISTRICT COUNCIL LASWAY, MAGNO MTOROBO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED AS PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA OCTOBER, 2019 DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I LASWAY, MAGNO MTOROBO, declare that this dissertation is my original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented in any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature of the candidate ………………........ Date………………………… No part of this dissertation may be produced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma, if transformed for publication in other format shall be acknowledged that this work has been submitted for the degree award at the University of Dodoma. i CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that she has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the University of Dodoma a dissertation entitled “Income Generating Activities in Public Primary Schools and their Contribution to School Funds in Tanzania: The Case of Busega District Council” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education of the University of Dodoma Dr. Rose Matete (PhD) (Supervisor) Signature................................................. Date.................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The completion of this dissertation is a result of the contributions and cooperation of different individuals. First, I would like to thank the Almighty God for his protection and blessings that I have been able to accomplish this dissertation. Second, special thanks should go to my lecturer and supervisor Dr. Rose Matete for the constant cooperation, encouragement and guidance from the beginning of this dissertation up to the end. Her constructive comments on each stage of the research work have made this work to be in this form. More thanks are also directed to all my lecturers of the University of Dodoma, particularly Prof. Willy Komba, Dr. Francis William, Dr. Joyce Nemes, Dr. Ignasia Mligo Dr. Baraka Kondo, Dr. Daniel Mngarah, Dr. Narayan Behera, Dr. Abdon Ephrem, Dr. Juma Mwinjuma and Dr. Enedy Mlaki. My thanks are also directed to Dr. Renatus Patrick the post graduate coordinator at the College of Education. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to my classmates of MAED for the academic year 2017/2019. Special word of thanks should go to the District Primary Education Officer, Head teachers and all teachers‟ coordinators of income generating activities in public primary schools for their constant support during the data collection for this work. Just to mention a few: Mr. Gidion Bunto, Masululi Mapalala, Jonathan Karago, Mohamed Nassoro, Redempta Missanga and Judith Buberwa. My special thanks should also go to my lovely wife Juliana Mkenda and my children Carlin and Divine for their prayers, support and willingness to allow me to be far away from their sight during my study. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my beloved wife Juliana Mkenda and my lovely daughters Carlin and Divine who have been very patient for all the time I have been away for studies. God bless you. iv ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the income generating activities in public primary schools and their contribution to school funds. The study was guided by Resource Dependency Theory (RDT). Mixed research approach was used. The study employed close-ended questionnaire, structured and semi-structured interview, observation and documentary review as the data collection methods. The sample included 61 informants comprising of District Primary Education Officer, 30 head- teachers and 30 teachers who are the IGA coordinator. The findings of this study indicated that; sheep keeping, chicken keeping, crop cultivation, horticulture and burning brick were the key IGAs in public primary schools. The findings indicated that IGAs played a significant role for the provision of additional funds to schools for buying the teaching and learning materials and for provision of pupils‟ meals. However, lack of education on the type of IGA that were established and poor climatic condition were the main challenges that affected the growth and development of IGAs in the visited schools in Busega. The study recommends that for a success of any income generating activities in public primary school in Busega, there is a need of frequent training on the IGAs to the educational stakeholders at the school level. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHTmk .................................................................... i CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Background Information ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................... 4 1.2 General Objective of the Study .............................................................................. 6 1.2.1 Specific Objectives of the Study ......................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Research Questions ............................................................................................. 6 1.3 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 6 1.4 The Scope of Study ................................................................................................ 7 1.5 Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................................ 7 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................... 8 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 8 2.0 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Income Generating Activities (IGAs) .................................................................... 8 2.2 Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) .................................................................... 8 2.3 Types of Income Generating Activities ............................................................... 10 2.3.1 Agricultural based IGAs ................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Service based on IGAs .................................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Commercial based IGAs ................................................................................... 11 2.4 Rationale of IGAs in Public Primary Schools ..................................................... 11 2.4.1. Generation of Additional School Revenue ...................................................... 11 2.4.2 Developing Pupils‟ Life Skills in Business Environment ................................. 12 2.4.3 Improving Pupils‟ Health .................................................................................. 13 2.4.4 Improving Pupils‟ Academic Performance ....................................................... 14 vi 2.4.5 IGAs for Economic and Social Development ................................................... 15 2.4.6 For Inventiveness and Innovation ..................................................................... 16 2.4.7 For Unemployment Reduction .........................................................................