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Paleostress Analysis of the Cretaceous Rocks in Northern Jordan
Volume 3, Number 1, June, 2010 ISSN 1995-6681 JJEES Pages 25- 36 Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Paleostress Analysis of the Cretaceous Rocks in Northern Jordan Nuha Al Khatib a, Mohammad atallah a, Abdullah Diabat b,* aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yarmouk University Irbid-Jordan b Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq- Jordan Abstract Stress inversion of 747 fault- slip data was performed using an improved Right-Dihedral method, followed by rotational optimization (WINTENSOR Program, Delvaux, 2006). Fault-slip data including fault planes, striations and sense of movements, are obtained from the quarries of Turonian Wadi As Sir Formation , and distributed over 14 stations in the study area of Northern Jordan. The orientation of the principal stress axes (σ1, σ2, and σ3 ) and the ratio of the principal stress differences (R) show that σ1 (SHmax) and σ3 (SHmin) are generally sub-horizontal and σ2 is sub-vertical in 9 of 15 paleostress tensors, which are belonging to a major strike-slip system with σ1 swinging around NNW direction. Four stress tensors show σ2 (SHmax), σ1 vertical and σ3 are NE oriented. This situation is explained as permutation of stress axes σ1 and σ2 that occur during tectonic events. The new paleostress results show three paleostress regimes that belong to two main stress fields. The first is characterized by E-W to WNW-ESE compression and N-S to NNE –SSW extension. This stress field is associated with the formation of the Syrian Arc fold belt started in the Turonian. The second paleostress field is characterized by NW-SE to NNW-SSE compression and NE-SW to ENE-WSW extension. -
Structures, Deformation Mechanisms and Tectonic Phases, Recorded In
European Scientific Journal Jume 2019 edition Vol.15, No.18 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Structures, Deformation Mechanisms and Tectonic Phases, Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Granitoids of West African Craton, Southern Part: Example of Kan’s Complex (Central of Côte d’Ivoire) K. K. Jean Marie Pria, Laboratoire de Géologie du Socle et de Métallogénie, UFR-STRM, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Laboratoire des Géosciences et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, Maroc Yacouba Coulibaly, N. N’guessan Houssou, M. Ephrem Allialy, T. K. L. Dimitri Boya, Laboratoire de Géologie du Socle et de Métallogénie, UFR-STRM, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Mohamed Tayebi, Lamia Erraoui, Souad M’Rabet, Laboratoire des Géosciences et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, Maroc Doi: 10.19044/esj.2019.v15n18p315 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n18p315 Abstract The granito-gneissic complex of Kan is located in the central part of the Paleoproterozoic domain of Côte d’Ivoire. It consists essentially of migmatitic and mylonitic gneisses with basic intrusions and xenoliths. This Proterozoic domain belongs to the Man Leo shield, southern part of West African craton (WAC). The present study, essentially based on a structural analysis at outcrop scale, aims to identify deformation mechanisms and tectonic phases recorded in the granito-gneissic complex of Kan. Deformation mechanisms include: (1) flattening, (2) constriction, (3) simple shear (4), rotation (5), brittle shear, and (6) extension. The Kan complex deformation occurred during four major tectonic phases named D1, D2, D3 and D4. -
Anja SCHORN & Franz NEUBAUER
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Volume 104/2 22 - 46 Vienna 2011 Emplacement of an evaporitic mélange nappe in central Northern Calcareous Alps: evidence from the Moosegg klippe (Austria)_______________________________________________ Anja SCHORN*) & Franz NEUBAUER KEYWORDS thin-skinned tectonics deformation analysis Dept. Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; sulphate mélange fold-thrust belt *) Corresponding author, [email protected] mylonite Abstract For the reconstruction of Alpine tectonics, the Permian to Lower Triassic Haselgebirge Formation of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) (Austria) plays a key role in: (1) understanding the origin of Haselgebirge bearing nappes, (2) revealing tectonic processes not preserved in other units, and (3) in deciphering the mode of emplacement, namely gravity-driven or tectonic. With these aims in mind, we studied the sulphatic Haselgebirge exposed to the east of Golling, particularly the gypsum quarry Moosegg and its surroun- dings located in the central NCA. There, overlying the Lower Cretaceous Rossfeld Formation, the Haselgebirge Formation forms a tectonic klippe (Grubach klippe) preserved in a synform, which is cut along its northern edge by the ENE-trending high-angle normal Grubach fault juxtaposing Haselgebirge to the Upper Jurassic Oberalm Formation. According to our new data, the Haselgebirge bearing nappe was transported over the Lower Cretaceous Rossfeld Formation, which includes many clasts derived from the Hasel- gebirge Fm. and its exotic blocks deposited in front of the incoming nappe. The main Haselgebirge body contains foliated, massive and brecciated anhydrite and gypsum. A high variety of sulphatic fabrics is preserved within the Moosegg quarry and dominant gyp- sum/anhydrite bodies are tectonically mixed with subordinate decimetre- to meter-sized tectonic lenses of dark dolomite, dark-grey, green and red shales, pelagic limestones and marls, and abundant plutonic and volcanic rocks as well as rare metamorphic rocks. -
Paleostress Reconstruction of Faults Recorded in the Niedźwiedzia Cave (Sudetes): Insights Into Alpine Intraplate Tectonic of NE Bohemian Massif
International Journal of Earth Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-01994-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Paleostress reconstruction of faults recorded in the Niedźwiedzia Cave (Sudetes): insights into Alpine intraplate tectonic of NE Bohemian Massif Artur Sobczyk1 · Jacek Szczygieł2 Received: 28 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 January 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Brittle structures identifed within the largest karstic cave of the Sudetes (the Niedźwiedzia Cave) were studied to reconstruct the paleostress driving post-Variscan tectonic activity in the NE Bohemian Massif. Individual fault population datasets, including local strike and dip of fault planes, striations, and Riedel shear, enabled us to discuss the orientation of the prin- cipal stresses tensor. The (meso) fault-slip data analysis performed both with Dihedra and an inverse method revealed two possible main opposing compressional regimes: (1) NE–SW compression with the formation of strike-slip (transpressional) faults and (2) WNW–ESE horizontal compression related to fault-block tectonics. The (older) NE-SW compression was most probably associated with the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene pan-regional basin inversion throughout Central Europe, as a reaction to ongoing African-Iberian-European convergence. Second WNW–ESE compression was active as of the Middle Miocene, at the latest, and might represent the Neogene–Quaternary tectonic regime of the NE Bohemian Massif. Exposed fault plane surfaces in a dissolution-collapse marble cave system provided insights into the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic history of the Earth’s uppermost crust in Central Europe, and were also identifed as important guiding structures controlling the origin of the Niedźwiedzia Cave and the evolution of subsequent karstic conduits during the Late Cenozoic. -
Brittle Deformation in Phyllosilicate-Rich Mylonites: Implication for Failure Modes, Mechanical Anisotropy, and Fault Weakness
UNIVERSITY OF MILANO-BICOCCA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences PhD Course in Earth Sciences (XXVII cycle) Academic Year 2014 Brittle deformation in phyllosilicate-rich mylonites: implication for failure modes, mechanical anisotropy, and fault weakness Francesca Bolognesi Supervisor: Dott. Andrea Bistacchi Co-supervisor: Dott. Sergio Vinciguerra 0 Brittle deformation in phyllosilicate-rich mylonites: implication for failure modes, mechanical anisotropy, and fault weakness Francesca Bolognesi Supervisor: Dott. Andrea Bistacchi Co-supervisor: Dott. Sergio Vinciguerra 1 2 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Weakening mechanisms and mechanical anisotropy evolution in phyllosilicate-rich cataclasites developed after mylonites in a low-angle normal fault (Simplon Line, Western Alps) ................................ 6 1.1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3 Structure and tectonic evolution of the SFZ ............................................................................... 10 1.4 Structural analysis ....................................................................................................................... 14 -
Chapter 5 the Pre-Andean Phases of Construction of the Southern Andes Basement in Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Times
133 Chapter 5 The Pre-Andean phases of construction of the Southern Andes basement in Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic times Nemesio Heredia; Joaquín García-Sansegundo; Gloria Gallastegui; Pedro Farias; Raúl E. Giacosa; Fernando D. Hongn; José María Tubía; Juan Luis Alonso; Pere Busquets; Reynaldo Charrier; Pilar Clariana; Ferrán Colombo; Andrés Cuesta; Jorge Gallastegui; Laura B. Giambiagi; Luis González-Menéndez; Carlos O. Limarino; Fidel Martín-González; David Pedreira; Luis Quintana; Luis Roberto Rodríguez- Fernández; Álvaro Rubio-Ordóñez; Raúl E. Seggiaro; Samanta Serra-Varela; Luis A. Spalletti; Raúl Cardó; Victor A. Ramos Abstract During the late Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic times, the Southern Andes of Argentina and Chile (21º-55º S) formed part of the southwestern margin of Gondwana. During this period of time, a set of continental fragments of variable extent and allochtony was successively accreted to that margin, resulting in six Paleozoic orogenies of different temporal and spatial extension: Pampean (Ediacaran-early Cambrian), Famatinian (Middle Ordovician-Silurian), Ocloyic (Middle Ordovician-Devonian), Chanic (Middle Devonian-early Carboniferous), Gondwanan (Middle Devonian-middle Permian) and Tabarin (late Permian-Triassic). All these orogenies culminate with collisional events, with the exception of the Tabarin and a part of the Gondwanan orogenies that are subduction-related. Keywords Paleozoic, Southern Andes, Pampean orogen, Ocloyic orogen, Famatinian orogen, Chanic orogen, Gondwanan orogen, Tabarin orogen. 133 134 1 Introduction In the southern part of the Andean Cordillera (21º-55º S, Fig. 1A) and nearby areas, there are Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran)-Paleozoic basement relicts of variable extension. This basement has been involved in orogenic events prior to the Andean orogeny, which is related to the current configuration of the Andean chain (active since the Cretaceous). -
Pleistocene-Holocene Tectonic Reconstruction of the Ballık Travertine
Van Noten et al. – Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık Travertine 1 Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık 2 travertine (Denizli Graben, SW Turkey): (de)formation of 3 large travertine geobodies at intersecting grabens 4 5 Non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv 6 Paper in revision at Journal of Structural Geology 7 1,2,4,* 3 3 3 8 Koen VAN NOTEN , Savaş TOPAL , M. Oruç BAYKARA , Mehmet ÖZKUL , 4,♦ 3,4 4,* 9 Hannes CLAES , Cihan ARATMAN & Rudy SWENNEN 10 11 1 Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Jennerstraat 13, 1000 12 Brussels, Belgium 13 2 Seismology-Gravimetry, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium 14 3 Department of Geological Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20070 Kınıklı Campus, Denizli, 15 Turkey 16 4 Geodynamics and Geofluids Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 17 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 18 ♦ now at Clay and Interface Mineralogy, Energy & Mineral Resources, RWTH Aachen University, 19 Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072 Aachen, Germany 20 21 *Corresponding authors 22 [email protected] (K. Van Noten) 23 [email protected] (R. Swennen) 24 25 Highlights: 26 - A new fault map of the entire eastern margin of the Denizli Basin is presented 27 - Pleistocene travertine deposition occurred along an already present graben morphology 28 - Dominant WNW-ESE normal faults reflect dominant NNE-SSW extension 29 - Ballik area acted as a transfer zone during transient NW-SE extension 30 - Complex fault networks at intersecting basins are ideal for creating fluid conduits 31 32 Graphical Abstract: See Figure 14 33 1 Van Noten et al. -
Numerical Paleostress Analysis – the Limits of Automation
Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29 : 399-403 (2009) Numerical paleostress analysis – the limits of automation M. KERNSTOCKOVA1* AND R. MELICHAR1 1Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic. *e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main problematic questions limiting the automation of numerical paleostress analysis of heterogeneous fault-slip data sets. It focusses on prob- lems concerning the creation of spurious solutions, the separation of data corresponding to several tec- tonic phases, and the precision of measurement. It offers some ways of dealing with these problems and trying to control their influence on the accuracy of solutions. Keywords: numerical paleostress analysis, fault-slip data, principal stresses, reduce stress tensor. The stress field reconstruction of deformed rocks is a the reduced stress tensor (Angelier et al., 1982) for a key to understanding tectonic events in studied areas. four-element fault-slip group. The reduced stress It is usually based on an analysis of fault-slip data sets. tensor is represented by three directions of principal σ σ σ σ ≥ σ ≥ σ Fault-slip data (e.g. orientation of faults, orientation stresses 1, 2, 3 ( 1 2 3) and its relative value of striation, sense of slip) code information about the is expressed by a shape parameter (e.g. Lode’s ratio μ stress state which causes these brittle structures. L). Otherwise, the stress ellipsoid represents the Changes of stress field can cause new fault formation existing stress state constituted by the nine-dimen- or the reactivation of older ones. -
Structural Geology Analysis in a Disaster-Prone of Slope Failure
E-ISSN : 2541-5794 P-ISSN : 2503-216X Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol 02 No 04 2017 Structural Geology Analysis In A Disaster-Prone Of Slope Failure, Merangin Village, Kuok District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province Yuniarti Yuskar1, Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra1, Adi Suryadi1, Tiggi Choanji1, Catur Cahyaningsih1 1 Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution No 113 Pekanbaru, 28284, Indonesia. * Corresponding author : [email protected] Tel.: .:+62-821-6935-4941 Received: Sept 02, 2017. Revised : 1 Nov 2017, Accepted: Nov 15, 2017, Published: 1 Dec 2017 DOI : 10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.4.691 Abstract The geological disaster of landslide has occurred in Merangin Village, Kuok Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province which located exactly in the national road of Riau - West Sumatra at Km 91. Based on the occurrence of landslide, this research was conducted to study geological structure and engineering geology to determine the main factors causing landslides. Based on measurement of the structural geology found on research area, there were fractures, faults and fold rocks which having trend of stress N 2380 E, plunge 60, trending NE-SW direction. Several faults that found was normal faults directing N 2000 E with dip 200 trending from northeast-southwest and reverse fault impinging N 550 E with dip 550, pitch 200 trending to the northeast. Fold structures showing azimuth N 2010 E trending southeast-northwest. From geological engineering analysis, the results of scan line at 6 sites that have RQD value ranges 9.4% - 78.7 % with discontinuity spacing 4 - 20 cm. -
Tectono-Sedimentary Cenozoic Evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Rif, Morocco)
geosciences Article Tectono-Sedimentary Cenozoic Evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Rif, Morocco) Manuel Martín-Martín 1,* , Francesco Guerrera 2 , Rachid Hlila 3, Alí Maaté 3, Soufian Maaté 4, Mario Tramontana 5 , Francisco Serrano 6, Juan Carlos Cañaveras 1, Francisco Javier Alcalá 7,8 and Douglas Paton 9 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] 2 Ex-Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSTeVA), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] 3 Laboratoire de Géologie de l’Environnement et Ressources Naturelles, Département de Géologie, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan 93002, Morocco; [email protected] (R.H.); [email protected] (A.M.) 4 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Errachidia, Université Moulay Ismail Département de Géosciences, Errachidia 52000, Morocco; soufi[email protected] 5 Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] 6 Departamento de Geología y Ecología, University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain; [email protected] 7 Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 28003 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 8 Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500138 Santiago, Chile 9 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 November 2020; Accepted: 1 December 2020; Published: 3 December 2020 Abstract: An interdisciplinary study based on lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, petrographic and mineralogical analyses has been performed in order to establish the Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Intrarif Subzone, External Rif, Morocco). -
Active Folding and Blind Thrust Faulting Induced by Basin Inversion Processes, Inner California Borderlands, in K
Rivero, Carlos, and John H. Shaw, 2011, Active folding and blind thrust faulting induced by basin inversion processes, inner California borderlands, in K. McClay, J. Shaw, and J. Suppe, eds., Thrust fault-related folding: AAPG Memoir 94, 9 p. 187 – 214. Active Folding and Blind Thrust Faulting Induced by Basin Inversion Processes, Inner California Borderlands Carlos Rivero1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. John H. Shaw Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The present bathymetry, basin geometries, and spatial earthquake distribution in the inner California borderlands reflect complex basin inversion processes that reactivated two low- angle Miocene extensional detachments as blind thrust faults during the Pliocene to Holocene. The Oceanside and the Thirtymile Bank detachments comprise the inner California blind thrust system. These low-angle detachments originated during Neogene crustal extension that opened the inner California borderlands, creating a rift system that controlled the deposition of early to late Miocene sedimentary units and the exhumation of the metamorphic Catalina schist. During the Pliocene, a transpressional regime induced by oblique convergence between the Pacific and the North American plates reactivated the Oceanside and the Thirtymile Bank detachments as blind thrust faults. This reactivation generated regional structural wedges cored by faulted basement blocks that inverted the sedimentary basins in the hanging wall of the Miocene extensional detachments and induced contractional fold trends along the coastal plain of Orange and San Diego counties. Favorably oriented high-angle normal faults were also reactivated, creating zones of oblique and strike-slip faulting and folding such as the offshore segments of the Rose Canyon, San Diego, and the Newport-Inglewood fault zones. -
Reservoir Characterization of Triassic and Jurassic Sandstones of Snorre Field, the Northern North Sea
Reservoir Characterization of Triassic and Jurassic sandstones of Snorre Field, the northern North Sea Owais Hameed Master Thesis, Autumn 2016 Reservoir Characterization of Triassic and Jurassic sandstones of Snorre Field, the northern North Sea Owais Hameed Thesis submitted for degree of Master in Geology 60 credits Department of Mathematics and Natural Science UNIVERSITY OF OSLO December / 2016 © Owais Hameed, 2016 Tutor(s): Nazmul Haque Mondol (UiO) This work is published digitally through DUO – Digital Utgivelser ved UiO http://www.duo.uio.no It is catalogued in BIBSYS (http://www.bibsys.no/English) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Preface This thesis is submitted to the Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo (UiO) in candidacy of M.Sc. degree in Geology. The research has been performed at Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo during the period of January 2016 to December 2016 under supervision of Dr. Nazmul Haque Mondol, Associate Professor, Department of Geosciences, UiO. i ii Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Nazmul Haque Mondol, Associate Professor, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, for giving me the opportunity to work under his supervision and learn from his immense knowledge and experience. His guidance, patience and encouragement throughout the study helped me to complete this thesis. I am grateful to PhD candidate Mohammad Nooraipour and Irfan Baig for their precious time and help. Special thanks to Manzar Fawad and Mohammad Koochak Zadeh for their help and time when it was needed.