Vulnerability and Risk Assessment

March 2018

Summary of Findings

The City of Olympia (City), Port of Olympia (Port), and LOTT Clean Water Alliance (LOTT), collectively referred to as the Project Team, conducted a sea level rise (SLR) vulnerability and risk assessment to evaluate flooding and SLR impacts to key assets and operations. Developing an asset inventory and conducting a vulnerability and risk assessment are key steps in Olympia’s Sea Level Rise Response Plan, which will detail the Project Team’s planned actions to address SLR impacts to the downtown area and Port and LOTT facilities and operations. This report presents an overview of the adopted climate science and SLR scenarios used in the assessment; summarizes the data collection process and asset categories considered in the assessment; presents the vulnerability and risk assessment methodology and findings; and summarizes next steps in the SLR adaptation planning process.

A vulnerability assessment is the process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing (or ranking) the vulnerabilities in a system. A risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative estimate of risk related to a well-defined situation and a recognized threat. Vulnerability refers to the inability (of a system or a unit) to withstand the effects of a hostile environment. A risk is the potential for loss, damage or destruction of an asset as a result of a threat exploiting a vulnerability. Risk is the intersection of assets, threats, and vulnerabilities.

SLR and Water Level Scenarios  The Project Team completed a Climate Science Review in October 2017. The climate science review indicated likely SLR of 7 inches by 2030, 13 inches by 2050, and 36 inches by 2100. High-range (unlikely but possible) SLR scenarios were identified as 13 inches by 2030, 25 inches by 2050, and 68 inches by 2100.  The vulnerability and risk assessment included a detailed evaluation of 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 inches of SLR. It also included a high level evaluation of a high-range end-of-century SLR scenario of 68 inches.  The vulnerability and risk assessment evaluated the exposure of Olympia assets to coastal flooding as a result of king tides and the 100-year storm tide. King tide is a commonly used term to describe the highest astronomical tides that predictably occur a few times each year. For the purposes of this study, 12.5 feet NAVD88 was considered the elevation of a king tide. The 100-year storm tide is a severe, rarely occurring flood event that is a combination of a high astronomical tide and storm surge. The 100-year storm tide has a 1-percent chance of occurring in any given year. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood insurance study for Thurston County identifies the 100-year storm tide elevation to be 14.1 feet NAVD88.

Asset Data Inventory  The Project Team collected information from the City, Port, and LOTT to identify assets for evaluation in the SLR vulnerability and risk assessment. The Project Team compiled asset data and collected qualitative information through questionnaires completed by City, State, Port, and LOTT staff.  The Project Team identified individual assets (such as key buildings and facilities) for a more detailed evaluation and group assets (such as trees, stormwater outfalls, street lights, etc.) that may be vulnerable but are too numerous to evaluate on an individual basis.  The Project Team invited public input on key downtown assets during a community workshop held on January 18, 2018.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 2/46 March 2018 Vulnerability Assessment Approach  The vulnerability assessment evaluated the exposure of the individual and group assets to projected flooding by king tides and the 100-year storm tide at each SLR scenario. This was done by overlaying the SLR inundation areas with each asset location to identify the timing and extent of exposure to flooding. Other aspects of vulnerability, including sensitivity and adaptive capacity, were considered in the assessment and documented by City, Port, and LOTT staff for critical assets in Attachment C to this report (Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information).  Vulnerability Profiles were developed to summarize the impacts of king tide (12.5 feet NAVD88) and 100-year storm tide (14.1 feet NAVD88) flooding at each SLR scenario (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 68-inch SLR). The profiles catalog the individual assets that are impacted at each SLR scenario under a future where no actions are taken to adapt to SLR.  An inventory of SLR impacts to group assets was also compiled. This includes an inventory of the number of exposed assets within each group for each SLR scenario.  The following potential impacts of flooding and SLR to LOTT’s Budd Inlet Treatment Plant were identified and evaluated at a high level: o High tides and storm surge in Budd Inlet could flood downtown Olympia and increase the volume of water conveyed to the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant by the combined sewer system. Flooding of 26 low-lying catch basins from a 100-year storm tide today could add 1.8 million gallons of stormwater to the combined sewer system during this event. With 6 inches of SLR, a 100-year storm tide could flood 153 catch basins, potentially adding 9.8 million gallons of stormwater to the combined sewer system during this event. o SLR will increase water levels in Budd Inlet and require more frequent pumping against higher water levels to discharge treated wastewater through LOTT’s marine outfalls. The effluent pump station capacity may experience a decrease of 1 million gallon per day (MGD) for each 3 feet of SLR. o Overland flooding of the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant may damage facilities and interrupt operations. Previous studies identified facilities that may be exposed to flooding by mid- century including the main utilidor, maintenance building, solids handling building, digesters, and the PSE Thurston substation.  Low-lying inland areas may be exposed to backflow flooding through the stormwater system as a result of high tides, storm surge, and SLR. Potential areas of backflow flooding include the shoreline along Capitol Lake (between Sylvester and Columbia Streets and 4th and 7th Avenues), the Marine Terminal, and East Bay (vicinity of Adams Street and Thurston Avenue).  Twenty-nine known contaminated sites were identified as vulnerable to flooding by a 100-year storm tide with 68-inches of SLR.  Additional vulnerabilities were identified, but not evaluated in detail, including: o SLR will affect Capitol Lake dam operations and increase flood elevations within Capitol Lake. o SLR will affect the performance of the Indian/Moxlie Creek outfall and stormwater system. o SLR may increase the rate of shoreline erosion in existing hot spots and may expose new areas to erosion. Risk Assessment Approach  For the assets identified as vulnerable to SLR, the Project Team considered the magnitude of the impact of flooding on the assets. This was done by considering the social, environmental and economic consequences of flooding for individual assets on a high level qualitative basis. Limited quantitative consequences were identified by the Project Team.  Following the identification of consequences, a consequence rating of low, medium or high was applied by each agency for its individual assets. Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 3/46 March 2018 Risk Assessment Findings  The following qualitative consequences of flooding were identified on a high level: o Commuter and social service disruptions. o Increased maintenance and repair costs. o Increased frequency of sewer bypass events. o Loss of access to facilities and services. o Increased capital costs. o Disruption of port operations and impacts to cargo. o Disruptions to commerce and employment.  The following quantitative consequences of flooding were identified on a high level: o Flood fighting expenses of approximately $38,000 per event to address 12-inches SLR and a 100-year storm event of 9-hours in duration. o Single occupancy vehicle commuter delay costs of approximately $304,000 during a 24- inches SLR and a 100-year storm event. o Transit commuter delay costs of approximately $47,000 during a 24-inches SLR and a 100- year storm event. o Loss of 655 trees at an appraised value of $1,036,360 (by 36-inches SLR). Next Steps  The findings of the vulnerability and risk assessment will be used to inform the development of potential adaptation strategies and identify priority areas for action.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 4/46 March 2018 1. Introduction The City of Olympia (City), Port of Olympia (Port), and LOTT Clean Water Alliance (LOTT), collectively referred to as the Project Team, are developing a Sea Level Rise (SLR) Response Plan to address the anticipated impacts of SLR to Olympia’s Downtown area. This report presents the approach and results of a SLR vulnerability and risk assessment that was conducted to identify and evaluate Downtown Olympia’s vulnerability to, and risks resulting from, SLR. The vulnerability and risk assessment represents the second, third and fourth steps in the climate change adaptation planning process for Downtown Olympia and provides the basis for developing adaptation strategies. (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Climate Change Adaptation Planning Framework

The vulnerability and risk assessment is organized as follows:

1. Introduction 2. Climate Science and SLR Scenarios: a summary of the Olympia Climate Science Review and the SLR scenarios selected for evaluation in the vulnerability and risk assessment. 3. Asset Data Inventory: the data collection process and asset categories considered in the vulnerability and risk assessment. 4. Vulnerability Assessment Approach: an overview of the vulnerability assessment methodology for individual and group assets and development of SLR inundation maps. 5. Vulnerability Assessment Findings: vulnerability profiles that summarize the individual and group assets that are exposed to flooding at each SLR scenario. Results of analysis of the combined sewer system, Budd Inlet Treatment Plant pump capacity, and potential for stormwater backflow and street flooding during high tide and storm surge events. 6. Risk Assessment Approach: an overview of the risk assessment methodology. 7. Risk Assessment Findings: identification of the social, environmental and economic consequences of flooding of individual assets. 8. Conclusions and Next Steps: discussion of the steps that will follow completion of the vulnerability and risk assessment.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 5/46 March 2018 2. Climate Science and SLR Scenarios The Project Team completed a climate science review in October 2017 and identified three primary climate hazards that will impact Downtown Olympia in the future: sea level rise (SLR), coastal storms, and precipitation. The science review summarized prior studies and background, estimated daily and extreme tide levels in Budd Inlet, reviewed historical SLR, presented local SLR projections, discussed flooding impacts in Olympia, and presented precipitation projections relevant to Olympia and its surrounding watersheds.

Climate Science Summary Sea levels in Puget Sound have risen approximately nine inches over the past century; however, subsidence in the Olympia region and downtown peninsula have increased local rates of SLR by an additional 1 to 2 mm/year. A 2012 National Research Council (NRC) report provided regional SLR projections for the Seattle region. These regional SLR projections were adjusted by the Project Team to derive locally-specific projections for Olympia and are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1. .

Figure 2. Sea Level Rise Projections for Olympia Relative to Year 2000

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 6/46 March 2018 Table 1. Sea Level Rise Projections for Seattle and Olympia

Seattle Olympia (Regional Projection) (Local Projection) Most-Likely High-Range Subsidence Most-Likely High-Range Year (Inches) (Inches) Adjustment (Inches) (Inches) (Inches)* 2020 1 5 + 2 3 7 2030 3 9 + 4 7 13 2040 5 13 + 5 10 18 2050 7 19 + 6 13 25 2060 10 25 + 7 17 32 2070 12 31 + 8 20 39 2080 16 40 + 9 25 49 2090 20 47 + 11 31 58 2100 24 56 + 12 36 68 Source: National Research Council (2012) projections for Seattle Notes: *Local subsidence adjustment for Olympia was applied to NRC Seattle projections which assumed a representative +1 mm/yr uplift for Cascadia region. A local subsidence adjustment of 3 mm/year was applied to the NRC projections to make local adjustments at Olympia (1 mm/yr to remove the Cascadia uplift component and 2 mm/yr for local subsidence).

The SLR projections at Olympia were adjusted 4-inches by 2030, 6-inches by 2050, and 12-inches by 2100 to account for local subsidence of 2 mm/year. The climate science review developed projections of likely rates of SLR of 7-inches by 2030, 13-inches by 2050, and 36-inches by 2100. Unlikely, but possible, high-range SLR projections of 13-inches by 2030, 25-inches by 2050, and 68-inches by 2100 were also identified. Emerging research on the impacts of climate change on polar ice sheets – such as Greenland and Antarctica – provides insight into the critical role that large reservoirs of land ice play in global and regional SLR. Under a rapid ice sheet loss scenario, global sea levels could increase by 8 to 10 feet by 2100; however, the likelihood of such a scenario occurring is not well understood and an area of active research. Olympia is coordinating with the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group to better understand emerging SLR research.

SLR Scenarios The SLR vulnerability assessment evaluated exposure of Olympia assets to a number of different water level and SLR scenarios. The adopted water levels and SLR scenarios evaluated in the vulnerability assessment are described below. Water Levels

The SLR vulnerability assessment evaluated exposure to coastal flooding as a result of king tides and the 100- year storm tide, as follows:  King Tide (elevation 12.5 feet NAVD88 or 16.5 feet MLLW): a commonly used term to represent the highest astronomical tides that predictably occur a few times each year.  100-Year Storm Tide (elevation 14.1 feet NAVD88 or 18.1 feet MLLW): a temporary increase in coastal water level due to a combination of high astronomical tide and storm surge due to low barometric pressure and local winds (not including wave effects at the shoreline, which may elevate flood levels higher). The 100-year storm tide elevation is based on FEMA’s flood insurance study for Thurston County.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 7/46 March 2018 SLR Scenarios The detailed vulnerability assessment evaluated SLR amounts of 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24-inches, combined with the king tide and storm tide water levels described above. The selected SLR scenarios correspond to the local Olympia SLR projections as follows:  6-Inches SLR: mid-range projection at 2030  12-Inches SLR: mid-range projection at 2050; high-range projection at 2030  18-Inches SLR: mid-range projection at 2060; high-range projection at 2040  24-Inches SLR: mid-range projection at 2080; high-range projection at 2050 The detailed vulnerability assessment did not evaluate SLR projections beyond 24-inches because the primary purpose of the vulnerability assessment is to identify near-term impacts and tipping points to help prioritize the development and phasing of near-term strategies. Beyond 24-inches of SLR, a large portion of Olympia will be exposed to extensive king tide and storm tide flooding. It is assumed that shoreline and stormwater improvements will have already been implemented to such an extent that the SLR inundation layers developed using existing conditions topography will no longer accurately depict flood risk. In other words, substantial modifications to the shoreline and stormwater system will be implemented long before higher amounts of SLR occur. This does not mean that adaptation strategies will not consider SLR amounts beyond 24-inches; however, the vulnerability assessment does not include a detailed analysis of vulnerabilities for higher SLR scenarios. SLR exposure for a high-range, end-of-century scenario of 68-inches of SLR is presented graphically and discussed in the vulnerability assessment; however, this scenario is not evaluated in detail. This high-range scenario was included to better understand the full range of potential impacts through end-of-century and identify key land owners and asset managers that will be involved in the development and funding of adaptation strategies to address future flooding in Olympia as a result of SLR. 3. Asset Data Inventory This section summarizes the asset data collection process and grouping of assets into asset data categories for analysis in the vulnerability assessment.

Data Collection Process The Project Team identified assets in a number of ways. The Project Team compiled GIS-based asset data information provided by the City, LOTT, and Port. The assets were mapped spatially and their locations were compared with a digital elevation model to determine when they became vulnerable to inundation. Information on key assets was provided verbally during an asset data workshop and in written form through a questionnaire completed by department and organization staff. In addition, the community was provided an opportunity to confirm that key downtown assets had been correctly identified during a community workshop held on January 18, 2018. Asset Data Workshop

City, LOTT, and Port staff participated in an asset data workshop in September 2017 with the following meeting objectives:  Introduce staff to the vulnerability and risk assessment approach.  Identify core services and functions of each department and organization.  Identify critical assets and flood vulnerabilities.  Identify planned projects or upgrades.  Discuss historical flooding events and impacts.  Identify any prior studies and available data.  Identify data gaps. Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 8/46 March 2018 Representatives from the following departments and organizations participated in the asset data workshop:  Community Planning & Development  Parks, Arts & Recreation  Fire and Police  Public Works (Water Resources and Transportation)  Thurston County (Intercity Transit)  LOTT Clean Water Alliance  Port of Olympia  Puget Sound Energy  State of Washington (Department of Enterprise Services) Asset Data Questionnaire

Workshop participants also completed a pre-workshop questionnaire to provide additional information related to department or organization assets, dependencies on other infrastructure, past flooding events, and potential consequences of SLR and flooding on asset operations. Respondents to the questionnaire are listed in Table 2. January 18, 2018 Sea Level Rise Open House and Community Workshop During a January 18, 2018 SLR community workshop, attendees reviewed six SLR inundation maps which identified the level of SLR at which downtown assets are first exposed to flooding and were asked to identify any missing valued community assets. Workshop attendees confirmed key downtown assets were correctly identified.

Table 2. Department and Organization Questionnaire Responders

Department / Organization Parks, Arts & Recreation Community Planning & Development Public Works – Engineering Public Works – Pump Stations Public Works – Drinking Water Public Works – Wastewater Public Works – Storm and Surface Water Public Works – Transportation Public Works – Stormwater Operations Public Works – Wastewater Operations Public Works – Waste Resources Olympia Police Department Fire / Emergency Management Olympia School District – Safety and Risk LOTT Clean Water Alliance – Environmental Planning LOTT Clean Water Alliance – Operations LOTT Clean Water Alliance – Engineering State of Washington – Department of Enterprise Services Washington State Department of Natural Resources – Aquatic Resources

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 9/46 March 2018 Asset Data Categories Individual Assets The Project Team compiled all the data and information received through GIS files, the asset data workshop, and questionnaire into an asset database and grouped assets into asset data categories for analysis in the vulnerability assessment, as follows:  City Facilities – buildings and facilities, parks, libraries, and museums  Fire and Police – emergency response equipment, key access routes  Public Works – pump stations, maintenance yards  Transportation and Parking – City parking lots  Historic Structures  LOTT Clean Water Alliance – Budd Inlet Treatment Plant, pump stations, outfalls, force mains and interceptors  Port of Olympia - buildings and facilities, terminals, marinas and boatworks, tenants  State/County/Federal Facilities – buildings and facilities, parks  Private Utilities – substations and gas lines  Social Services – community services  Community Assets – private marinas and theaters  Employment – downtown employment

Group Assets

Some asset categories contained assets that were too numerous to evaluate on an asset-by-asset basis. These asset types were treated as “group” assets and evaluated at a higher level. The following group assets were evaluated:

City Assets Stormwater and Sewer System  Trees  Stormwater outfalls  Public art  Manholes  Traffic signals  Clean outs  Street lights  Sewer manholes  Fire hydrants  Combined sewer catch basins  Contaminated sites  Waste pick-up sites  Parking lots  Downtown employment

LOTT Sewer System LOTT Reclaimed Water System  Sewer manholes  Air vac  Air releases  Gate valves  Gate valves  Irrigation system components  Drains  Air releases

The asset inventory is included as Attachment A.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 10/46 March 2018 4. Vulnerability Assessment Approach Overview A vulnerability assessment follows a standardized step-by-step process that evaluates exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity:  Exposure – the nature and degree to which an asset, population, or system is exposed to a climate hazard  Sensitivity – the degree to which the physical condition and functionality of an asset, population, or system is affected by a climate hazard  Adaptive Capacity – the degree to which an asset, population, or system is susceptible to and able (or unable) to cope with adverse impacts of a climate hazard

Results of the analysis have been summarized in vulnerability profiles created for each SLR scenario (see section “SLR Vulnerability Profiles”). The flow diagram below illustrates the vulnerability assessment process adopted for the Olympia SLR planning process. Assets are considered most vulnerable to SLR if they are exposed to flooding, have high sensitivity, and low adaptive capacity.

A. Exposure The exposure analysis evaluated each asset’s susceptibility to projected future water levels, including flooding by king tides (elevation 12.5 feet NAVD88 or 16.5 feet MLLW) and the 100-year storm tide (elevation 14.1 feet NAVD88 or 18.1 feet MLLW), for the scenarios shown in Table 3. Scenarios 3, 4, and 5 can also be used to evaluate 100-year flooding from the Deschutes River along the Capitol Lake shoreline because the water surface elevations are comparable to the SLR scenarios evaluated.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 11/46 March 2018 Table 3. SLR Inundation Mapping Scenarios Evaluated in the Vulnerability Assessment

Elevation Elevation Scenario # Scenario (Feet NAV88) (Feet MLLW)

0-inches SLR + King Tide 12.5 16.5 1 0-inches SLR + Storm Tide 14.0 18.0 6-inches SLR + King Tide 13.0 17.0 2 6-inches SLR + Storm Tide 14.5 18.5 12-inches SLR + King Tide 13.5 17.5

3 12-inches SLR + Storm Tide 15.0 19.0 (also 0-inch SLR + Capitol Lake 100-year Flood) 18-inches SLR + King Tide 14.0 18.0

4 18-inches SLR + Storm Tide 15.5 19.5 (also 6-inches SLR + Capitol Lake Flood) 24-inches SLR + King Tide 14.5 18.5

5 24-inches SLR + Storm Tide 16.0 20.0 (also 12-inches + Capitol Lake Flood) 6* 68-inches SLR + Storm Tide 19.5 23.5

*Note: This scenario was evaluated at a lesser level of detail than the other scenarios.

The Project Team created SLR inundation maps for each of the scenarios listed above (Attachment B). The inundation maps were created by projecting each water level scenario (king tide or 100-year storm tide + SLR) overland and calculating the extent of depth of flooding. In addition to depth and extent of flooding, the Project Team also delineated the shoreline and mapped locations of shoreline overtopping for each scenario. The exposure analysis was conducted by comparing the location of each individual or group asset to each of the inundation map scenarios to identified assets exposed to flooding. The exposure analysis is summarized in the vulnerability profiles (both in list and visual format) and highlights when each asset is first exposed to either king tide or storm tide flooding. B. Sensitivity Assets that are exposed to flooding have also been analyzed for sensitivity, which is the degree to which an asset would be affected by its exposure to inundation or flooding. For example, an asset is considered sensitive to flood waters if its function, components, or construction materials can be impaired or damaged from being wet. Sensitivity has been assessed qualitatively based on a set of considerations unique to different asset types. Asset owners and managers have also provided more specific information (pending available information) on assets in order to further assess sensitivity based on asset condition, age, past flooding, and susceptibility to damage by floodwaters.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 12/46 March 2018 The following characteristics would make an asset sensitive to SLR:  Buildings and structures (critical facilities, community, historic, transit center, offices, theaters, library, justice center, etc.) o Age and condition (Older construction structures are more likely to be damaged by floodwaters). o Presence of electrical equipment (Flooding of critical electrical equipment may lead to operation malfunction or failure of asset). o Life safety assets (Certain facilities, such as fire/police stations, emergency response centers, are more likely to have an impact on the community if damaged by floodwaters). o Elevation (some facilities are elevated above the adjacent ground elevation, making them less sensitive to damage by floodwaters, but potentially access limited) o Building Materials (When known. For instance, masonry structures may be less vulnerable than wood frame structures)  Transportation network (roadway, rail, parking lots, street lights, parking meters, etc.) o Age and condition (Older roadbed, rail, and parking lot substructures are more likely to be damaged or subside if exposed to frequent flooding). o Presence of electrical equipment (Inundation of electrical equipment such street lighting, traffic signals, signage and train signal systems may lead to operation malfunction or require replacement). o Primary Route / Life safety access (Primary roadways are more sensitive because they connect critical nodes and life safety structures that need to function 24/7).  Recreation (plazas, parks, marina, etc.) o Salt intolerant (Many tree and animal species have a narrow tolerance for salinity and water depth changes and, if exposed, may experience degradation or complete loss) o Age and condition (Older plazas, hardscapes, and park facilities are more likely to be damaged or subside if exposed to flooding). o Presence of electrical equipment (Inundation of electrical equipment may lead to operation malfunction or failure of asset). o Presence of buildings and structures (Buildings are likely to house mechanical/electrical equipment on lower floors that could be damaged if exposed to flooding).  Utilities (electricity, pump stations, substations, etc.) o Age and condition (Older structures are more likely to be damaged by floodwaters). o Presence of electrical equipment (Inundation of electrical equipment may lead to operation malfunction or failure of asset). o Presence of buildings and structures (Buildings are likely to house mechanical/electrical equipment on lower floors that could be damaged if exposed to flooding). o Stormwater mains (High tides and storm surge may reduce the capacity of the stormwater system to collect and convey runoff). o Sanitary sewer mains (Flooding may increase rates of infiltration into sanitary sewer lines and reduce capacity to collect and convey wastewater).  Other o Development Sites (Development opportunities are limited if site is exposed to inundation and may need to be raised). o Contaminated sites (assumes that contaminated sites may have environmental impacts if flooded by overland flooding or raised groundwater levels). o Public Art (assumes cultural resources may be compromised if exposed to inundation).

The sensitivity analysis for each asset, if relevant, is summarized in Attachment C. Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 13/46 March 2018 C. Adaptive Capacity Adaptive capacity evaluates the asset’s inherent ability to adjust to inundation or flooding in order to maintain its primary function. Some examples include: City fleet vehicles are parked on a lot exposed to flooding, but could be moved to another location during temporary flooding events. Electrical panels may be exposed to floodwaters, but could be elevated without much effort or cost. A roadway may be flooded, but there is an alternative route. A key social service that is inaccessible during a flood event could be relocated to another building. Adaptive capacity has been assessed qualitatively based on a set of considerations that are applicable to each asset type. Asset owners and managers have also provided more specific information on assets in order to further assess adaptive capacity based on redundancy and ability to adapt. The following characteristics would contribute to greater adaptive capacity of an asset:  Ability to elevate (Existing asset can easily be raised to reduce vulnerability to flooding).  Ability to relocate (Asset can easily be moved to higher elevation or outside of floodplain to protect from flood damage).  Redundancy (Presence of back-up generator, or an alternative building, or multiple access paths (alternative roadways and bus routes), or other means to provide asset substitution).  Ability to adapt (Assumes asset can adapt and be resilient to changes and recover from individual extreme events). The adaptive capacity analysis for each asset, if relevant, is summarized in Attachment C. 5. Vulnerability Assessment Findings The vulnerability assessment findings are organized into three sub-sections:  SLR Vulnerability Profiles – Vulnerability profiles present an inventory of all individual assets that are exposed to king tide and 100-year storm tide flooding at each SLR scenario (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 68- inches of SLR). The exposure inventory is paired with an exposure map that indicates the location of each exposed asset.  Group Asset Exposure – Exposure of group assets to each SLR scenario was evaluated.  LOTT Vulnerability Analysis – The LOTT vulnerability analysis evaluated the following potential SLR impacts to LOTT assets and operations: o The potential volume of water that could be conveyed to Budd Inlet Treatment Plant during an overland flooding event due to high tides and storm surge in Budd Inlet. o The impact of SLR on effluent pump capacity. o The timing of direct flooding of Budd Inlet Treatment Plant facilities and treatment components.  Stormwater Backflow Analysis – Low-lying areas that may experience backflow flooding as a result of high tides, storm surge, and SLR are identified and discussed.

SLR Vulnerability Profiles This section presents the SLR exposure assessment conducted for each SLR scenario. Exposed assets are listed only once under the first SLR scenario in which they are exposed to each water level event (king tide or 100-year storm tide). For example, if an asset is first exposed to 100-year storm tide flooding with 12- inches SLR, the asset will only be listed in the 100-year storm tide category under 12-inches SLR. The asset will not be repeatedly listed in the vulnerability profiles for subsequently higher amounts of SLR. A notes column is also included in each vulnerability profile to provide additional information about the flooding and SLR exposure of each asset. Additional notes regarding an asset’s sensitivity or adaptive capacity, and supplemental information provided by the Project Team during the asset data collection phase are included in Attachment C. Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 14/46 March 2018 0-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Summary: 0-Inches SLR

King Tide  Only assets that are built out over the water (floating or on piles or piers) or underwater (such as marine outfalls) are exposed to king tide flooding under existing conditions. Water levels associated with king tide + 0-inches SLR are within the typical operating conditions of these facilities. Information on the finish floor elevation of these facilities would provide a better understanding of flood sensitivity.

Storm Tide  Portions of the shoreline north of Percival Landing and along the Isthmus (near Olympia Yacht Club and Oyster House) are overtopped and shoreline and landward areas are exposed to flooding.  The short segment of overtopped shoreline along Dockside Bistro, Budd Bay Café, and Fiddlehead Marina is relatively short, yet contributes to a much larger area of landward flooding (including flooded areas to the north and east).  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: the Olympia Center and Senior Services for South Sound, Water Street Sewer Lift Station, and Port of Olympia Office.  Several key road corridors are exposed to flooding, including: State St, 4th Ave, Water St, and Capitol Way.  Rail access to the marine terminal is exposed to flooding.  The Heritage Park shoreline and a portion of the Downtown Olympia Historic District are exposed to flooding.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 15/46 March 2018 0-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure for Individual Assets: 0-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes King Tide + 0-Inches SLR Water Level = 12.5 Feet NAVD88 or 16.5 Feet MLLW City Assets Floating dock; Inaccessible when gangplank rises  Percival Landing Moorage above horizontal; access impacted at storm tide + 0- inches SLR  4th Ave Approximately 20 feet of roadway inundated  5th Ave Minor inundation of roadway County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets  Fiddlehead Outfall Submerged structure  North Outfall Submerged structure Port Assets Floating dock; access impacted at storm tide + 18- inches SLR; Inaccessible when gangplank rises above  Fueling Dock horizontal; top of piles at 19 feet NAVD88; dock at risk of break-away when water levels reach 18 feet NAVD88 (storm tide + 48-inches SLR) Private Utilities  - Community Assets Buildings are generally elevated on piles above water;  Private marinas Access impacted at storm tide + 0-inches SLR or storm tide + 6-inches SLR depending on shoreline elevations Other  - Exposed Assets Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 0-InchesSLR Water Level = 14.0 Feet NAVD88 or 18 Feet MLLW City Assets  Olympia Center FFE=14.41 feet NAVD88  Percival West Bathroom  SS Pump Station – Water Street Lift Station  Market St Approximately 60 feet of roadway inundated  State St Approximately 130 feet of roadway inundated  Simmons St Approximately 160 feet of roadway inundated  Water St Approximately 110 feet of roadway inundated Approximately 650 feet of roadway inundated;  Capitol Way Provides access to senior living centers at 410 and 510 Capitol Way County/State/Federal Assets  Heritage Park Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 16/46 March 2018 0-Inches SLR

LOTT Assets  - Port Assets  Port of Olympia Office FFE=15.3 feet NAVD88  North Point Park Access exposed to flooding Parking lot exposed to flooding; building is elevated  KGY Radio at 15.15 feet NAVD88 on piles above water and exposed to flooding at ST + 12-inches SLR  Marine Terminal Rail Infrastructure Rail line along southern boundary of Port impacted Parking and access exposed to flooding; building  Anthony’s Homeport Restaurant exposed at ST + 12-inches SLR Parking and access exposed to flooding; building  Rants Building exposed at ST + 12-inches SLR Access exposed to flooding; parking impacted at ST +  Market Center 12-inches SLR; Building impacted at ST + 18-inches SLR Community Assets  Senior Services for South Sound (at Olympia Center)  Downtown Olympia Historic District Other  - Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 17/46 March 2018 0-Inches SLR

SLR Inundation Map (0-inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 18/46 March 2018 6-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Summary: 6-Inches SLR

King Tide  The Heritage Park shoreline is exposed to flooding.  Only assets that are built out over the water (floating or on piles or piers) or submerged (such as marine outfalls) are exposed to king tide flooding under king tide + 6-inches SLR conditions. Water levels associated with king tide + 6-inches SLR are within the typical operating conditions of these facilities. Information on the finish floor elevation of these facilities would provide a better understanding of flood sensitivities.

Storm Tide  Portions of the Port shoreline in the vicinity of KGY Radio and North Point Park are overtopped, allowing floodwaters to spread southward towards the Marine Terminal, inundating the Cascade Pole contaminated site and Treatment Facility.  Other portions of the Port are exposed to flooding as well, including the southern interior portion of the Marine Terminal and Warehouse A; however, the source of flooding for these assets is from the south along the Port Plaza shoreline and Fiddlehead Marina. Flood extents and depths on the Marine Terminal may be overstated in this scenario due to the long flood pathway and storm duration required for floodwaters to reach these areas.  Minor flooding of the Swantown Marina launch ramp occurs.  Nearly the entire shoreline south of Port Plaza to the Isthmus, including Percival Landing Park, is overtopped in this scenario and shoreline and landward areas are exposed to flooding.  Flood extents greatly expand in the Capitol Lake area, particularly along the Heritage Park shoreline and the two block area from Water St to Columbia St between 5th Ave and 7th Ave.  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: the 7th Ave and Water St portable pump station, Intercity Transit Facility, Port Plaza, Cascade Pole contaminated site and treatment facility, Warehouse A, a stormwater lift station at the Port, the PSE Thurston Substation, and parking and access to the LOTT Regional Services Center, and Farmers Market.  Several key road corridors are exposed to flooding, including: Market St, Washington St, Simmons St, and 5th Ave. The western entrance to the rail tunnel at 7th Ave is exposed to flooding.  Key social services, including Olympia Union Gospel Mission, Thurston County Food Bank, Community Youth Services, and Providence Community Care Center are exposed to flooding.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 19/46 March 2018 6-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure Inventory for Individual Assets: 6-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes King Tide + 6-Inches SLR Water Level = 13.0 Feet NAVD88 or 17 Feet NAVD88 City Assets  East Bay Waterfront Park County/State/Federal Assets  Heritage Park LOTT Assets  - Port Assets  - Other  - Exposed Assets Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 6-InchesSLR Water Level = 14.5 Feet NAVD88 or 18.5 Feet MLLW City Assets  Isthmus Parcels Eastern parcel and access from 4th Ave impacted first Parking, access and southeast portion of he park  Percival Landing Park exposed to flooding  SW Portable Pump Station – 7th Ave and Water St  Marine Drive Approximately 290 feet of roadway inundated  Washington St Approximately 2,000 feet of roadway inundated  Adams St County/State/Federal Assets  Intercity Transit Center FFE=14.5 feet NAVD88 LOTT Assets Parking and access exposed to flooding; FFE=16 feet  LOTT Regional Services Center NAVD88 Port Assets  Marine Terminal Cargo Yard Access to shipping berths impacted; berths at approx.  Marine Terminal Shipping Berths elevation of 16 feet NAVD88 and impacted at ST + 24- inches SLR  Port Plaza Parking and access exposed to flooding; building  Farmers Market exposed at ST + 12-inches SLR; FFE=14.8 feet NAVD88  Cascade Pole Treatment Facility  Cascade Pole Contaminated Site (Slurry Wall) Launch ramp inundated; Cul de sac at elevation of  Swantown Marina Launch Ramp approx. 15.5 feet NAVD88 and inundated at ST + 18- inches SLR Access impacted; FFE=17.2 feet NAVD88 and building  Warehouse A exposed to flooding at ST + 36-inches SLR

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 20/46 March 2018 6-Inches SLR

Access impacted; approx. elevation of 14.8 feet  SW Lift Station (Port) NAVD88; structure exposed to flooding at ST + 12- inches SLR Parking lot exposed to flooding; building is elevated  Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill at 15.75 feet NAVD88 on piles above water and exposed to flooding at ST + 20-inches SLR Private Utilities - Some control systems and protective devices are within enclosures near ground level. It is unknown if enclosures are watertight.  PSE Thurston Substation - Overhead electrical buses and air switches mounted above the ground - Some components may be in underground vaults Community Assets  Olympia Union Gospel Mission  Thurston County Food Bank  Community Youth Services  Providence Community Care Center Other  Rail Tunnel (entry) Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 21/46 March 2018 6-Inches SLR

SLR Inundation Map (6-Inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 22/46 March 2018 12-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Summary: 12-Inches SLR

King Tide  Portions of the Olympia shoreline are overtopped during the king tide + 12-inches SLR scenario, including segments along the Isthmus at the Olympia Yacht Club and Oyster House (access and parking), Heritage Park shoreline, and a small segment of Port shoreline at KGY Radio (access and parking).  Assets that are built out over the water (floating or on piles or piers) are exposed to king tide flooding under the king tide + 12-inches SLR scenario. Water levels associated with king tide + 12-inches SLR are near the upper limit of typical operating conditions of these facilities. Information on the finish floor elevation of these facilities would enable a more detailed evaluation of flood sensitivities.

Storm Tide  Portions of the Port shoreline in the vicinity of Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill, KGY Radio, and North Point Park are overtopped, allowing floodwaters to spread southward towards the Marine Terminal. A small low-lying segment of shoreline in Berth 4 is also overtopped. Flood waters from the North Point area merge with flood waters from shoreline overtopping of Port Plaza to inundate a large portion of the Port’s interior, including the heavy equipment wash rack.  Nearly the entire shoreline south of Port Plaza to the Isthmus area is overtopped in this scenario and shoreline and landward areas are exposed to flooding.  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: Heritage Park Fountain, Hand’s On Children’s Museum, and low-lying areas around Budd Inlet Treatment Plant. The Farmers Market building is also exposed to flooding.  Nearly all of Heritage Park and Percival Landing Park are exposed to flooding.  Many key road corridors are exposed to flooding and flooding of 4th and 5th Ave expands to cover the full width of the roadway.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 23/46 March 2018 12-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure Inventory for Individual Assets: 12-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes King Tide + 12-Inches SLR Water Level = 13.5 Feet NAVD88 or 17.5 Feet MLLW City Assets  - County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets  - Port Assets Access and parking exposed to flooding; park area  North Point Park exposed to flooding at KT+24-inches Access and parking exposed to flooding; building is  KGY Radio elevated at 15.5 feet NAVD88 on piles above water and exposed to flooding at KT+30-inches SLR. Private Utilities  - Other - Exposed Assets Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 12-Inches SLR Water Level = 15.0 Feet NAVD88 or 19.0 Feet MLLW City Assets Access along Jefferson St exposed to flooding at ST + 12-  Hands on Children’s Museum inches SLR; museum exposed to flooding at ST + 24- inches SLR; FFE=16.0 feet NAVD88  Heritage Park Fountain County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets See discussion of facility vulnerability in Section 5 and  Budd Inlet Treatment Plant Attachment C Access along Jefferson St and Olympia Ave exposed to  East Bay Public Plaza flooding; plaza exposed to flooding at ST+18-inches SLR Port Assets  Heavy Equipment Wash Rack Private Utilities  AT&T Switching Station Community Assets  - Other  - Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 24/46 March 2018 12-Inches SLR

SLR Inundation Map (12-Inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 25/46 March 2018 18-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Summary: 18-Inches SLR

King Tide  Portions of the Olympia shoreline are overtopped during the king tide + 18-inch SLR scenario, including the majority of the Isthmus shoreline at the Olympia Yacht Club and Oyster House (access and parking), Heritage Park shoreline, low-lying segments north of the Harbor House, and a small segment of Port shoreline at KGY Radio (access and parking).  A portion of the Downtown Olympia Historic District is exposed to flooding under the king tide + 18-inches SLR scenario.  Some additional assets that are built out over the water (floating or on piles or piers) are exposed to king tide flooding under the king tide + 18-inches SLR scenario. Water levels associated with king tide + 18-inches SLR likely exceed the upper limit of typical operating conditions of these facilities. Information on the finish floor elevation and functioning of these facilities (for example, operating range of floating docks) would enable a more detailed evaluation of flood sensitivities.

Storm Tide  The majority of the western portion of the Olympia peninsula is exposed to inundation from North Point Park southward to the Isthmus. Nearly all of the West Bay shoreline is overtopped, with the exception of the Marine Terminal shipping berths.  There is minor shoreline overtopping along the East Bay shoreline, primarily at the Swantown Marina boat launch and a short low-lying segment south of the Boatworks. In general, the landward flooding in the eastern portion of the peninsula is a result of floodwaters traveling across downtown from West Bay and not from overtopping of the East Bay shoreline, which is higher in elevation.  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: Harbor House (access), Powerhouse (access and parking), Marine Terminal, Swantown Boatworks (boat haul-out and access via Marine Drive), and OAR Boathouse  Many key road corridors are exposed to flooding and flooding of Marine Drive expands to inundate the segment from Olympia Ave to Swantown Boatworks.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 26/46 March 2018 18-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure Inventory for Individual Assets: 18-Inches SLR

Exposure Inventory Notes Water Level = 14.0 Feet NAVD88 or 18.0 Feet King Tide + 18-Inches SLR MLLW City Assets  Olympia Center  Percival West Bathroom  SS Pump Station – Water Street Lift Station  Market St  State St  Simmons St  Water St  Capitol Way (north of State St) County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets  - Port Assets  Port of Olympia Office  Marine Terminal Rail Rail line along southern boundary of Port impacted Infrastructure Parking and access impacted; building exposed at KT  Anthony’s Homeport Restaurant + 30-inches SLR Parking and access impacted; building exposed at KT  Rants Building + 30-inches SLR Access impacted; Building exposed at KT + 24-inches  Market Center SLR Private Utilities  - Community Assets  Senior Services for South Sound  Downtown Olympia Historic District Other  - Exposure Inventory Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 18-InchesSLR Water Level = 15.5 Feet NAVD88 or 19.5 Feet MLLW City Assets Access exposed to flooding; building is elevated and  Harbor House exposed at ST + 24-inches SLR; FFE=16 feet NAVD88 Portions of road from Olympia Ave to Swantown  Marine Drive Boatworks exposed to flooding County/State/Federal Assets

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Access and parking exposed to flooding; building is  Powerhouse elevated at not exposed to flooding LOTT Assets  - Port Assets Boat haul-out area and access via Marine Drive  Swantown Boatworks exposed to flooding; boat storage area exposed at ST + 24-inches SLR; building is elevated  Olympia Area Rowing Center Dock access exposed to flooding; building is elevated Private Utilities  - Community Assets  - Other  - Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 28/46 March 2018 18-Inches SLR

SLR Inundation Map (18-Inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 29/46 March 2018 24-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Summary: 24-Inches SLR

King Tide  Portions of the Port shoreline in the vicinity of KGY Radio and North Point Park are overtopped, allowing floodwaters to spread southward towards the Marine Terminal, inundating the Cascade Pole contaminated site and Treatment Facility.  Other portions of the Port are exposed to flooding as well, including the southern portion of the Marine Terminal, the Marine Terminal Cargo Yard and Warehouse A; however, the source of flooding for these areas is to the south along the Port Plaza shoreline and Fiddlehead Marina. Flood extents and depths on the Marine Terminal may be overstated in this scenario due to the long flood pathway required for floodwaters to reach these areas.  Nearly the entire shoreline south of Port Plaza to the Isthmus is overtopped in this scenario and shoreline and landward areas are exposed to flooding.  Minor flooding around the Swantown Marina launch ramp and Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill parking lot occurs.  Flood extents greatly expand in the Capitol Lake area, particularly along the Heritage Park shoreline and two block area from Water St to Columbia St, 5th Ave to 7th Ave.  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: the 7th Ave and Water St portable pump station, Intercity Transit Facility, Port Plaza, Cascade Pole contaminated site and treatment facility, Warehouse A, a stormwater lift station at the Port, the PSE Thurston Substation, and parking and access to the LOTT Regional Services Center, East Bay Public Plaza, and Farmers Market.  Several key road corridors are exposed to flooding, including: Market St, Washington St, Simmons St, and 5th Ave. The western entrance to the rail tunnel at 7th Ave is exposed to flooding.  Key social services, including Olympia Union Gospel Mission, Thurston County Food Bank, Community Youth Services, and Providence Community Care Center are exposed to flooding. Storm Tide  Nearly all the western portion of the peninsula is exposed to inundation from North Point Park southward to the Isthmus. Nearly all of the West Bay shoreline is also overtopped in this scenario.  There is more extensive shoreline overtopping along the East Bay shoreline, primarily at the Swantown Marina boat launch, Swantown Marina (parking) and Swantown Boatworks (boat storage and access along Marine Drive). In this scenario, the floodwaters from East Bay and West Bay merge and are indistinguishable. Flooding from East Bay expands southward beyond 4th Ave along the Chestnut St, Cherry St, and Jefferson St corridors.  Key facilities exposed to flooding include: City Hall (flooding along Cherry St), Artesian Commons, Swantown Marina, and the Port’s Tug Boat Dock.  Nearly all of Heritage Park and Percival Landing Park (including the Harbor House) are exposed to flooding.  Many key road corridors are exposed with the exception of Plum St, and Adams St and Capitol Way south of 4th Ave.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 30/46 March 2018 24-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure Inventory for Individual Assets: 24-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes King Tide + 24-Inches SLR Water Level = 14.5 Feet NAVD88 or 18.5 Feet MLLW City Assets Eastern parcel and access from 4th Ave exposed to  Isthmus Parcels flooding Parking, access, and southeast portion of park  Percival Landing Park exposed to flooding  SW Portable Pump Station – 7th and

Water  Marine Drive  Washington St  Adams St County/State/Federal Assets  Intercity Transit Center LOTT Assets  LOTT Regional Services Center Port Assets Access to shipping berths impacted; berths impacted  Marine Terminal Shipping Berths at KT+ 42-inches SLR  Marine Terminal Cargo Yard  Port Plaza  Farmers Market Parking and access exposed to flooding  Cascade Pole Treatment Facility  Cascade Pole Contaminated Site (Slurry Wall) Launch ramp inundated; Cul de sac at elevation of  Swantown Marina Launch Ramp approximately 15.5 feet NAVD88 Building is elevated approximately 3 feet above  Warehouse A ground elevation Access impacted; structure exposed to flooding at KT  SW Lift Station + 30-inches SLR Parking lot exposed to flooding; building is elevated  Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill at 15.75 feet NAVD88 on piles above water and exposed to floodin gat KT + 40-inches SLR Private Utilities  PSE Thurston Substation Community Assets  Olympia Union Gospel Mission  Thurston County Food Bank  Community Youth Services  Providence Community Care Center Other  Rail tunnel (entry point)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 31/46 March 2018 24-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 24-Inches SLR Water Level = 16.0 Feet NAVD88 or 20.0 Feet MLLW City Assets Exposed to flooding along Cherry St; FFE=17 feet  City Hall and Police Station NAVD88  Artesian Commons  Emergency Supply Trailer  DW Pump Station – Percival Pump Access impacted Station County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets  - Port Assets Parking and access impacted; Floating docks inaccessible when gangplank rises above horizontal;  Swantown Marina top of piles at 18.5 feet NAVD88; dock at risk of break-away when water levels reach 17.5 feet NAVD88 (ST+ 42-inches SLR)  Batdorf & Bronson Private Utilities  PSE Plum St Substation Community Assets  - Other  - Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 32/46 March 2018 24-Inches SLR

SLR Inundation Map (24-Inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 33/46 March 2018 68-Inches SLR

SLR Exposure Inventory for Individual Assets: 68-Inches SLR

Exposed Assets Notes 100-year Storm Tide + 68-Inches SLR Water Level = 19.5 Feet NAVD88 or 23.5 Feet MLLW City Assets  Washington Center  SS – East Bay Marina Lift Station  Plum St County/State/Federal Assets  - LOTT Assets  - Port Assets  Port Stormwater Treatment Facility  Simon-Johnson Building Maintenance shop FFE=20 feet NAVD88; offices  Weyerhaeuser FFE=19.5 feet NAVD88 Private Utilities  - Community Assets  Downtown Welcome Center FFE=16.2 feet NAVD88 Other  - Notes: FFE = finish floor elevation; KT = king tide; ST = storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 34/46 March 2018 68-Inches SLR

SLR Vulnerability Zone (68-Inches of SLR)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 35/46 March 2018

Group Asset Exposure Exposure of group assets to flooding and SLR was evaluated by comparing the extent of projected flooding to the location of each asset for each SLR scenario. Table 4 presents the number of assets within each group that are exposed to flooding by king tide or 100-year storm tide at each SLR scenario.

Table 4. Number of Exposed Assets within each Group at each SLR Scenario 0” SLR 6” SLR 12” SLR 18” SLR 24” SLR 68” SLR Asset Types KT ST KT ST KT ST KT ST KT ST ST City Assets

City Trees - 62 - 265 7 435 62 511 265 613 741 Public Art Installations 1 1 1 15 1 27 1 33 15 42 52 Traffic Signal - - - 5 - 5 - 7 5 9 13 Control Cabinets Traffic Signal Poles - 2 - 30 - 49 2 54 30 68 89 Street Lights - 26 - 135 3 214 26 241 135 286 357 Fire Hydrants - 17 - 67 4 95 17 118 67 147 183 Contaminated Sites - 1 - 10 - 14 1 20 10 24 29 Residential Waste - 12 - 176 7 269 12 408 176 519 773 Resource Customers Parking Lots - 1 - 6 - 8 1 8 6 9 10 Downtown Employment - 800 100 1,300 200 2,200 800 2,900 1,300 3,600 7,000 Stormwater and Sewer System Stormwater Outfalls 30 stormwater outfalls discharge to Capitol Lake 33 stormwater outfalls discharge to West Bay 8 stormwater outfalls discharge to East Bay

Manholes - 19 - 100 - 138 19 161 100 210 282 Clean Outs - 1 - 44 1 68 1 75 44 92 113 Sewer Manholes - 1 - 10 - 13 1 13 10 16 21 Combined Sewer Catch - 26 - 153 - 189 26 193 153 221 N/A LOTTBasins Sewer System Sewer Manholes - 2 - 18 - 23 2 24 18 33 61 Air Releases - - - 1 - 3 - 3 1 3 7 Gate Valves - - - - - 2 - 2 - 2 3 Drains ------1 LOTT Reclaimed Water Air Vac - 2 - 2 - 2 2 3 2 3 5 Gate Valves - 1 - 4 1 9 1 10 4 16 18 Irrigation ------1 - 1 1 Air Release ------2 4 Note: KT = king tide and ST = 100-year storm tide

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 36/46 March 2018

Contaminated Sites With 68-inches of sea level rise, 29 known contaminated sites have been identified as vulnerable to flooding by a 100-year storm tide. The impacts of inundation on these vulnerable contaminated sites is site specific and can be influenced by the contaminants of concern, the extent of contamination, the media involved (groundwater, soil, or sediment), soil conditions, groundwater hydrology, and the type of remedy used to conduct the cleanup. Similarly, strategies for adapting contaminated sites to SLR will be varied and site-specific. The Department of Ecology’s Toxics Cleanup Program (Ecology) manages the cleanup of contaminated sites. Ecology conducted a vulnerability assessment for the state’s cleanup sites to understand what types of sites are most vulnerable to climate change impacts. They found that SLR had the highest potential risk to sediment and upland cleanup sites in or near marine and tidally influenced waterbodies. Ecology has developed a guidance document, Adaptation Strategies for Resilient Cleanup Remedies (2017), which provides a framework and information for cleanup project managers to assess the risks associated with SLR and identify potential adaptation measures. The Project Team will consider the findings and recommendations of this report in the development of adaptation strategies to address the impacts of SLR on contaminated sites in the study area.

LOTT Vulnerability Analysis Combined Sewer System A primary concern for the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant is overland flooding from Budd Inlet and the impact to the combined sewer system. During coastal flood events, floodwaters can overtop the shoreline and travel overland and through the streets to flood catch basins that collect stormwater into the combined sewer system. This additional volume of water then mixes with wastewater and is then conveyed to Budd Inlet Treatment Plant. This surcharge of combined floodwater and wastewater could overwhelm the treatment plant and result in additional treatment costs or increased likelihood of bypasses, in which untreated or partially treated wastewater is discharged directly to Budd Inlet through the Fiddlehead Outfall. Additionally, if the treatment plant was overwhelmed by incoming flows, wastewater could back-up into the City sewer collection system and potentially flood homes and businesses. During such a flood event, the primary activity of the treatment plant would be to convey incoming flows (comprising seawater, stormwater runoff, and sewage) through the plant and discharge it to Budd Inlet to alleviate upstream flooding. AECOM estimated the potential additional volume of combined wastewater that could be conveyed to Budd Inlet Treatment Plant during king tide and 100-year storm tide events for each SLR scenario. The results of this analysis are presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Combined Sewer System Impacts due to Overland Flooding

King Tide 100-year Storm Tide SLR Scenario Flooded Catch Inflow to Flooded Catch Inflow to Basins BITP (MG) Basins BITP (MG) Existing - - 26 1.8 6-Inches - - 153 9.8 12-Inches - - 189 12.6 18-Inches 26 1.8 193 13.8 24-Inches 153 9.8 221 16.2

Note: Assumes flood duration of one hour. MG = million gallons.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 37/46 March 2018

The results are likely a conservative estimate; however, they highlight the importance of preventing overland flooding events to ensure the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant meets its intended level of service. The projected locations of the flooded catch basins are shown in Figure 3. The results indicate that even with no SLR, a 100-year storm tide event that occurred today could flood 26 catch basins and convey an additional 1.8 million gallons (MG) of wastewater to the treatment plant. With just six inches of SLR, the number of flooded catch basins increases to 153 and could convey an additional 9.8 MG. With 18-inches of SLR, overland flooding events would occur multiple times each year during king tides.

Figure 3. Projected Flooding of Combined Sewer Catch Basins

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Budd Inlet Treatment Plant Facilities

A 2014 study by Brown and Caldwell evaluated the vulnerability of the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant to SLR. The study compiled ground elevations at each of the treatment plant facilities and evaluated exposure to flooding.

The Brown and Caldwell study identified the Puget Sound Energy (PSE) Thurston Substation, headworks, and effluent pump station as the critical components during a major storm event.

 PSE Thurston Substation – located at the corner of Thurston Ave NE and Franklin St NE; contains sensitive electrical components that could be damaged by floodwaters; in the event of loss of power, the plant would rely on back-up power generators  Headworks – back-up generators, influent pump ancillary equipment, and generator switchboard are located at grade; the plant’s influent pumps are located below grade  Effluent pump station – includes effluent pumps, combined sewer overflow pumps, effluent pump ancillary equipment, generator switchboard, and back-up generator

Table 6 indicates the ground elevations and projected SLR exposure of each facility within the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant. Portions of the treatment plant are projected to be exposed to 100-year storm tide flooding with approximately 18-inches of SLR. This amount of SLR is projected to occur around mid-century (2040 to 2060). The projected timing of exposure to the 100-year storm tide flood event for the mid-range and high-range SLR projections was estimated for each facility and is also shown in Table 6. Facilities that may be exposed to flooding by mid-century (2040 to 2060) are listed below:

 Main utilidor (buried below grade)  PSE Thurston Substation  Maintenance Building  Solids Handling Building  Digesters

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 39/46 March 2018

Table 6. Ground Elevation and Projected SLR Exposure of Budd Inlet Treatment Plant Facilities

Timing of Exposure to

100-year Storm Tide Ground Ground Ground Most-Likely High-Range Area / Facility elevation elevation elevation SLR SLR (ft, LOTT) NGVD29 (ft) NAVD88 (ft) Main utilidor (buried 12.5 ~100.5 0.5 3.9 2060 2040 feet below grade) Puget Sound Energy ~112 12 15.4 2060 2040 Thurston Substation* Maintenance building 112 12 15.4 2060 2040 Solids handling building 112 12 15.4 2060 2040 Digesters 112 12 15.4 2060 2040 Effluent pump station* 112.5 12.5 15.9 2080 2050 Administration building 112.9 12.9 16.3 2090 2060 Service entry switchgear 112.9 12.9 16.3 2090 2060 New primary clarifier ~113 13 16.4 2090 2060 substation Headworks building* 113 13 16.4 2090 2060 Electrical substation A/B 113 13 16.4 2090 2060 Backup generators 113 13 16.4 2090 2060 Electrical substation J/K 113.5 13.5 16.9 2100 2070 UV building 114 14 17.4 >2100 2070 South RAS pump station 114.5 14.5 17.9 >2100 2080 Secondary clarifiers 114.8 14.8 18.2 >2100 2080 Electrical substation C/D 114.9 14.9 18.3 >2100 2090 Electrical substation E/F 114.9 14.9 18.3 >2100 2090 Electrical substation G/H 114.9 14.9 18.3 >2100 2090 Blower building 115 15 18.4 >2100 2090 Intermediate pump station 116 16 19.4 >2100 2100 First aeration 116 16 19.4 >2100 2100 Primary clarifiers (both) 118.2 18.2 21.6 >2100 >2100 First anoxic 119.2 19.2 22.6 >2100 >2100 Second anoxic 119.2 19.2 22.6 >2100 >2100 * Critical components to pass flow through the treatment plant during a storm event (Brown and Caldwell 2014). Note: Timing of exposure is based on elevation only and does not evaluate flood pathways from the shoreline to each component of the treatment system.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 40/46 March 2018

Operations SLR may affect the operations of the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant in the future. In particular, effluent pumping and gravity discharge from the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant will be affected by SLR due to higher water levels in Budd Inlet. Previous studies indicated that effluent cannot be discharged via gravity when the tide level is above mean high water. As a result, SLR will increase the frequency and duration of pumping to discharge effluent to Budd Inlet in the future. SLR will also decrease the capacity of the effluent pumping system as the pumps will have to work harder against higher water levels in Budd Inlet. This study evaluated the capacity of the Budd Inlet Treatment Plant effluent pump station and north force main to evaluate the impact of SLR on effluent pumping performance. The existing three-pump effluent pump station and north force main have a discharge capacity of 55 MGD. The approximate decrease in effluent pumping capacity as a result of SLR is shown in Table 7. The findings indicate that the system experiences an approximately 1 MGD decrease per 3 feet increase in water level in Budd Inlet (either due to SLR or high tide/storm surge event).

Table 7. Effect of SLR on BITP effluent pump station capacity

Sea Level Rise (Feet) Capacity Existing 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Effluent Pump Station Capacity 55.0 54.6 54.2 53.9 53.6 53.2 52.8 (MGD) Difference (MGD) - -0.4 -0.8 -1.1 -1.4 -1.8 -2.2 Difference (%) - -0.7% -1.5% -2.0% -2.5% -3.3% -4.0% Note: Effluent pump station capacity evaluated for existing three-pump configuration and force main.

Stormwater Backflow Analysis While a portion of Olympia’s stormwater is collected and conveyed to Budd Inlet Treatment Plant, not all parts of the stormwater system are connected to the combined sewer system. The stormwater collection and drainage system in uncombined areas drains directly to Capitol Lake or Budd Inlet through approximately 70 outfalls located along the shoreline. During flood, high tide, and storm surge events, floodwaters can travel upstream (“backflow”) through the stormwater collection system and cause surface flooding. Backflow flooding through the stormwater system is shown conceptually in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Example Backflow Flooding of Streets through the Stormwater Collection System

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The Project Team reviewed the SLR inundation maps and the stormwater collection system network to identify areas that may be susceptible to backflow flooding during high water events. Three primary areas were identified (Figure 5): A. Capitol Lake: northeast shoreline of Capitol Lake, between 7th Ave and 5th Ave B. Marine Terminal: southwest corner of marine terminal C. East Bay: southwest shoreline of East Bay, near intersection of Olympia Ave and Jefferson St

These areas and their associated exposure to backflow flooding during king tide and 100-year storm tide events are shown in Table 8. Once floodwaters overtop the shoreline, these low-lying areas merge with areas of direct surface flooding from Capitol Lake or Budd Inlet.

Table 8. Locations of Potential Near-term Stormwater Backflow Flooding in Study Area

SLR Scenario (Inches) King Tide (KT) 100-Year Storm Tide (ST)

Capitol Lake* 0 None Marine Terminal* East Bay* [Combination of backflow and overland flooding 6 Capitol Lake* from adjacent shoreline] Capitol Lake* [Combination of backflow and overland flooding 12 Marine Terminal from adjacent shoreline] East Bay* * These areas are partially or fully protected from backflow flooding due to presence of backflow prevention devices.

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 42/46 March 2018

Figure 5. Areas of Potential Backflow Flooding Through the Stormwater System

The potential size of backflow flooding areas is shown in Table 9. All three of these backflow areas have the potential to flood portions of downtown greater than one acre in size; however, both the Capitol Lake and East Bay stormwater pipes have valves to prevent backflow. The outfall shown just north of Warehouse A in the Marine Terminal (Figure 5) was removed as part of the Port’s stormwater plant project; however, backflow could still flood this this area from the southern outfall at Port Plaza. Despite the presence of Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 43/46 March 2018

valves to prevent backflow flooding in these areas, flood vulnerabilities still exist due to low-lying topography. In particular, during coincident precipitation and high tide/storm surge events, drainage through outfalls may be impeded or capacity reduced. In addition, the disconnected, low-lying areas depicted in the inundation maps may also be susceptible to high groundwater effects, especially near the shoreline where elevated tides may infiltrate the soil.

Table 9. Potential Near-term Flooding Areas (>1 acre) due to Backflow through Stormwater System

Potential Flood Area (Acres) 100-year ST + 0” Backflow Area KT + 6” SLR KT + 12” SLR Backflow Prevention? SLR Yes – Knife valve at Water St A – Capitol Lake 1.9 4.4 8.6 and 7th Ave B – Marine Terminal - 2.7 5.0 None (Port Plaza) C – East Bay - 0.6 3.8 Yes – Checkmate valve Additional Vulnerabilities This assessment identified a number of additional vulnerabilities that were not evaluated in detail, but are discussed briefly in the section that follows:  Effect of SLR on Capitol Lake dam operations and flood levels  Effect of SLR on Indian/Moxlie Creek  Effect of SLR on shoreline erosion Addressing these vulnerabilities will be important during the adaptation strategy phase of the SLR Response Plan. Each vulnerability is summarized below.

Effect of SLR on Capitol Lake dam operations and flood levels SLR will affect Capitol Lake dam operations and flood levels as tide levels in Budd Inlet increase over time because the dam structure operations depend on water levels in Budd Inlet. This assessment did not conduct a detailed evaluation of Capitol Lake flood levels or the effect of SLR on Capitol Lake flooding of Heritage Park or downtown Olympia; however, prior studies have evaluated this impact to some degree. A 2008 study by Moffatt & Nichol estimated 2-year, 5-year, 25-year, and 100-year flood elevations within Capitol Lake for 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 feet of SLR. The analysis found that SLR will increase flood elevations within Capitol Lake; however, the predicted increase is less than the amount of SLR for the scenarios evaluated (Table 10).

Table 10. Projected Increase in Capitol Lake Flood Elevations due to SLR

Increase in Flood Elevation (Feet) SLR 2-Year 5-Year 25-Year 100-Year 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 Source: Capitol Lake Alternatives Analysis Low-lying Infrastructure (Moffat & Nichol 2008)

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 44/46 March 2018

The results presented in Table 10 assume Capitol Lake will continue to be operated as a managed freshwater system similar to today. Conversion of Capitol Lake to an estuary would reintroduce tidal flows to the lake and flood elevations would likely match those in Budd Inlet. Effect of SLR on Indian/Moxlie Creek SLR will affect the performance of the Indian/Moxlie Creek outfall as tide levels in Budd Inlet increase over time because high tidal waters can backflow into the stormwater system and reduce storage capacity and high tides cause a backwater effect that can increase the flood profile within the Indian/Moxlie Creek system. This assessment did not conduct a detailed evaluation of Indian/Moxlie Creek; however, prior studies have evaluated this impact. A 2011 study by Coast & Harbor Engineering applied a numerical model of the pipe network for combined high tide and precipitation events with 1-feet, 2-feet, and 4.2-feet of SLR. SLR was shown to increase the extent and depth of upstream flooding.

Effect of SLR on Shoreline Erosion SLR may exacerbate existing shoreline erosion occurring along unstable portions of shoreline, such as adjacent to the Indian/Moxlie Creek outfall structure and along the East Bay shoreline. As SLR increases typical daily tide levels, eroded shorelines will be exposed to waves more frequently and for a longer duration of time, which may increase the rate of erosion in existing hot spots or expose new areas to wave erosion in the future. 6. Risk Assessment Approach The Project Team conducted a risk assessment by analyzing the potential consequences that could occur due to exposure to flooding and SLR hazards. The types of consequences considered in the risk assessment included:

 Critical service consequences: Temporary or permanent inundation impacts to power, communications, water and wastewater services, medical facilities, and/or lifeline transportation services.  Social consequences: Impacts to public health and safety, general displacement and homelessness, and to the provision of social services.  Economic and financial consequences: Workforce disruption, loss or damage to real estate, or impacts to tourism or significant industries.  Environmental consequences: Deterioration or loss of critical habitats or species and water quality impacts.

Following the identification of consequences, a rating of low, medium or high was applied by each agency for its individual assets, using the following definitions.  Low consequence: Easily relocated facility or service. Impacts to few people. Minimal investment.  Medium consequence: Important, but not critical facility or service. Moderate investment.  High consequence: Critical infrastructure. Vital to health and safety. Extraordinary investment.

7. Risk Assessment Findings Attachment C contains the qualitative consequences and ratings organized by asset type (i.e. City, LOTT, Port, community, grouped). Additionally, the Project Team identified the following quantitative consequences of flooding:

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 45/46 March 2018

 Flood fighting expenses of approximately $38,000 per event to address a 12-inches SLR and a 100- year storm event of 9-hours in duration.  Single occupancy vehicle commuter delay costs of approximately $304,000 during a 24-inches SLR and a 100-year storm event.  Transit commuter delay costs of approximately $47,000 during a 24-inches SLR and a 100-year storm event.  Loss of 655 trees at an appraised value of $1,036,360 (by 36-inches SLR).

8. Next Steps Strategy Development. Adaptation strategies will be developed for assets that are vulnerable and considered to have a high risk. Strategies will include physical infrastructure, governance, and informational strategies. The findings of the vulnerability and risk assessment will be used to prioritize and phase the implementation of strategies as part of the SLR Response Plan.

Attachments Attachment A. Olympia Asset Inventory Attachment B. Olympia SLR Inundation Maps Attachment C. Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information

Olympia Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Page 46/46 March 2018 Olympia SLR Vulnerability Assessment Asset Inventory Olympia SLR Vulnerability Assessment Attachment A. Olympia Asset Inventory

Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Marine Drive (ft) 287 345 1,191 287 1,849 4,339 4,960 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Market (ft) 57 236 396 57 556 236 591 998 998 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Washington (ft) 856 1,716 2,022 856 2,117 2,329 2,438 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: State (ft) 130 903 2,053 130 2,533 903 2,546 2,587 2,627 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: 4th Ave (ft) 21 100 25 451 30 1,120 100 1,464 451 2,694 3,607 3,714 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: 5th Ave (ft) 5 10 7 791 9 987 10 1,317 791 2,058 3,079 3,432 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Union (ft) Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: 14th (ft) Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Simmons (ft) 161 360 481 161 589 360 589 589 589 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Water (ft) 107 1,188 1,207 107 1,224 1,188 1,233 1,233 1,233 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: East Bay (ft) Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Capitol Way (north of State St) (ft) 648 1,292 1,883 648 2,067 1,292 2,226 2,563 2,645 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Adams (ft) 429 745 809 429 895 1,554 1,617 Fire and Police 0 City Assets Road Corridor: Plum (ft) 553 958 Fire and Police 22 City Assets Emergency Supply Trailer xxx Fire and Police 23 City Assets Municipal Court and City Jail Fire and Police 24 City Assets Fire Station (1) Fire and Police 25 City Assets Police Station (1) xxx

Page 1 of 4 Olympia SLR Vulnerability Assessment Asset Inventory

Exposure Key Category for Asset Category ID Name 12.5 14.0 13.0 14.5 13.5 15.0 14.0 15.5 14.5 16.0 18.0 19.5 "o" Flood impacts to access Vulnerability Profiles 0" KT 0" ST 6" KT 6" ST 12" KT 12" ST 18" KT 18" ST 24" KT 24" ST 68" KT 68" ST "x" Flood impacts to asset State/County/Federal Facilities 26 S/C/F Assets Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction State/County/Federal Facilities 27 S/C/F Assets General Administration Building State/County/Federal Facilities 28 S/C/F Assets Temple of Justice State/County/Federal Facilities 29 S/C/F Assets Old County Courthouse State/County/Federal Facilities 30 S/C/F Assets State Archives Building State/County/Federal Facilities 31 S/C/F Assets Natural Resources Building State/County/Federal Facilities 32 S/C/F Assets Governors Mansion State/County/Federal Facilities 33 S/C/F Assets Insurance Building State/County/Federal Facilities 34 S/C/F Assets State Capitol Building State/County/Federal Facilities 35 S/C/F Assets Visitor Center State/County/Federal Facilities 36 S/C/F Assets Licenses Building State/County/Federal Facilities 37 S/C/F Assets Powerhouse o ooo State/County/Federal Facilities 38 S/C/F Assets Capitol Lake Dam State/County/Federal Facilities 39 S/C/F Assets Intercity Transit Center x x xxxxx State/County/Federal Facilities 40 S/C/F Assets Federal Building State/County/Federal Facilities 41 S/C/F Assets Downtown Post Office State/County/Federal Facilities 42 S/C/F Assets Heritage Park x x x x x xxxxxx State/County/Federal Facilities 43 S/C/F Assets Sylvester Park

LOTT 44 LOTT Assets Budd Inlet Treatment Plant x x x x x LOTT 45 LOTT Assets LOTT Regional Services Center o x xxxxx LOTT 46 LOTT Assets SS ‐ Capitol Lake Pump Station LOTT 0 LOTT Assets Capital Lake Force Main South N/A LOTT 0 LOTT Assets Capital Lake Force Main North N/A LOTT 0 LOTT Assets Sanitary Sewer Interceptors N/A LOTT 47 LOTT Assets Fiddlehead Outfall x x x x x x xxxxxx LOTT 48 LOTT Assets North Outfall xxxxxxxxxxxx LOTT 49 LOTT Assets East Bay Public Plaza o x xxx

Page 2 of 4 Olympia SLR Vulnerability Assessment Asset Inventory

Exposure Key Category for Asset Category ID Name 12.5 14.0 13.0 14.5 13.5 15.0 14.0 15.5 14.5 16.0 18.0 19.5 "o" Flood impacts to access Vulnerability Profiles 0" KT 0" ST 6" KT 6" ST 12" KT 12" ST 18" KT 18" ST 24" KT 24" ST 68" KT 68" ST "x" Flood impacts to asset Port 50 Port Assets Port of Olympia Office x x x xxxxxx Port 51 Port Assets Marine Terminal Cargo Yard x x xxxxx Port 52 Port Assets Marine Terminal Shipping Berths o o o o x x x Port 53 Port Assets Marine Terminal Rail Infrastructure x x x xxxxxx Port 54 Port Assets Port Plaza x x xxxxx Port 55 Port Assets Farmers Market o x x o x x x Port 56 Port Assets Port Stormwater Treatment Facility xx Port 57 Port Assets Swantown Boatworks ooxx Port 58 Port Assets Cascade Pole Treatment Facility x x xxxxx Port 59 Port Assets Cascade Pole Contaminated Site (Slurry Wall) x x xxxxx Port 60 Port Assets Swantown Marina xxx Port 61 Port Assets Swantown Marina Launch Ramp x x xxxxx Port 62 Port Assets Olympia Area Rowing Center ooxx Port 63 Port Assets Warehouse A x x xxxxx Port 64 Port Assets North Point Park o x o x o xxxxx Port 65 Port Assets Fuel Dock x x x x x x xxxxxx Port 66 Port Assets Heavy Equipment Wash Rack x x xxx Port 67 Port Assets Batdorf & Bronson xxx Port 68 Port Assets Simon‐Johnson Building x Port 69 Port Assets Weyerhaeuser x Port 70 Port Assets KGY Radio o o o x o x o x x x Port 71 Port Assets SW Lift Station o x xxxxx Port 72 Port Assets Anthony's Hearthfire Grill o x x o x x x Port 73 Port Assets Anthony's Homeport Restaurant o o x o x o x x x Port 74 Port Assets Rants Building o o x o x o x x x Port 75 Port Assets Market Center o o o o x o x x x

Utilities 76 Utilities PSE Thurston Substation x x xxxxx Utilities 77 Utilities PSE Capitol Substation Utilities 78 Utilities PSE Plum St Substation xxx Utilities 79 Utilities AT&T Switching Station x x xxx Utilities 80 Utilities PSE Gas Line @ 5th Ave Bridge

Social Services 81 Community Assets Olympia Union Gospel Mission x x xxxxx Social Services 82 Community Assets Thurston County Food Bank x x xxxxx Social Services 83 Community Assets Community Youth Services x x xxxxx Social Services 84 Community Assets Providence Community Care Center x x xxxxx Social Services 85 Community Assets Senior Services for South Sound x x x xxxxxx Historic 0 Community Assets Historic District 1 (South Capitol Historic District) x x x x x x xxxxxx Historic 0 Community Assets Historic District 2 (Capitol Campus Historic District) Historic 86 Community Assets Historic District 3 (Downtown Olympia Historic District) x x x xxxxxx Historic 0 Community Assets Historic District 4 (Olympia Ave Historic District) Historic 0 Community Assets Historic District 5 (Rogers St Historic District) Community Assets 0 Community Assets Fiddlehead Marina xxxxxxxxxxxx Community Assets 0 Community Assets Olympia Yacht Club x x x x x x xxxxxx Community Assets 0 Community Assets State Theater x x xxx Community Assets 0 Community Assets Capitol Theater xx

Transportation and Parking 87 Other Rail tunnel (entry points) x x xxxxx

Page 3 of 4 Olympia SLR Vulnerability Assessment Asset Inventory

Exposure Key Category for Asset Category ID Name 12.5 14.0 13.0 14.5 13.5 15.0 14.0 15.5 14.5 16.0 18.0 19.5 "o" Flood impacts to access Vulnerability Profiles 0" KT 0" ST 6" KT 6" ST 12" KT 12" ST 18" KT 18" ST 24" KT 24" ST 68" KT 68" ST "x" Flood impacts to asset Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ City Hall Parking Lot xx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Justice Center Parking Lot Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Olympia Center Parking Lot x x xxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Between 4th & 5th @ waters edge x x x x x Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ 5th Ave & Yashiro St x x xxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Columbia St & State Ave x x x x x Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Columbia St & Olympia Ave x x xxxxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Franklin St & State Ave x x xxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Washington St & State Ave x x xxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ Franklin St & Olympia Ave x x xxxxx Transportation and Parking City Assets Parking ‐ 5th Ave & Jefferson St xxx Development Sites Other Columbia Place x x x xxxxxx Development Sites Other Market Flats x x xxxxx Development Sites Other East Bay Flats x x xxxxx Development Sites Other Dockside Flats x x x xxxxxx Development Sites Other Annie's Artist Flats xx City Assets Group City Assets City Trees 62 265 7 435 62 511 265 613 714 741 Group City Assets Public Art Installations 1 1 1 15 1 27 1 33 15 42 51 52 Group City Assets Traffic Signal Control Cabinets 5 5 7 5 9 13 Group City Assets Traffic Signal Poles 0 2 0 30 0 49 2 54 30 68 82 89 Group City Assets Street Lights 26 135 3 214 26 241 135 286 357 Group City Assets Fire Hydrants 17 67 4 95 17 118 67 147 183 Group City Assets Contaminated Sites 1 10 14 1 20 10 24 29 Group City Assets Waste pick‐up 12 176 7 269 12 408 176 519 773 Group Community Assets Affordable Housing Group Stormwater and Sewer System Group City Assets Stormwater Outfalls Group City Assets Manholes 19 100 138 19 161 100 210 282 Group City Assets Service Points 2 26 35 2 39 26 49 62 Group City Assets Clean Outs 1 44 1 68 1 75 44 92 113 Group City Assets Sewer Manholes 1 10 13 1 13 10 16 21 Group City Assets Combined Sewer Catch Basins 26 153 189 26 193 153 221 N/A Group LOTT Reclaimed Water Group LOTT Assets Air vac 2 2 22323 5 Group LOTT Assets Gate valve 1 4 1 9 1 10 4 16 18 Group LOTT Assets Irrigation 111 Group LOTT Assets Air release 24 Group LOTT Sewer System Group LOTT Assets Sewer Manholes ‐ 2 ‐ 18 ‐ 232 241833 61 Group LOTT Assets Air Releases ‐‐‐1 ‐ 3 ‐ 313 7 Group LOTT Assets Gate Valves 2223 Group LOTT Assets Drain 1 Group Historic Structures Group Community Assets Local Register 6 7 6 14 6 21 7 23 14 25 32 33 Group Community Assets State Register 0 0 0 6 0 8 08691112 Group Community Assets National Register 010405154567 Group Community Assets Residential > 45 years 55 55 55 55 55 56 55 56 55 57 66 69 Group Community Assets Commercial > 45 years 6 18 6 93 6 124 18 131 93 167 195 204

Page 4 of 4 Attachment B. Olympia SLR Inundation Maps King Tide: EAST BAY City Assets: 1. Percival Landing Moorage LOTT Assets: 47. Fiddlehead Outfall 48. North Outfall 48 Port Assets: !(70 64 65. Fueling Dock !( !(65

WEST BAY 100-year Storm Tide: City Assets: 3. Olympia Center SAN FRANCISCO 10. Percival West Bathroom 19. SS Water Street Lift County/State/Federal Assets: 42. Heritage Park Port Assets: 50. Port of Olympia Office 53. Marine Terminal Rail Infrastructure 64. North Point Park 70. KGY Radio 73. Anthony's Homeport Restaurant 74. Rants Center 75. Market Center Community Assets: !(53 3. Senior Services for South Sound 86. Downtown Olympia Historic !(74 73 !( 75 47 !( !(50

MARINE WASHINGTON

OLYMPIA

HARRISON !(3 STATE OLYMPIC 19 1 !( 10 !(

CAPITOL !( ADAMS SIMMONS 4TH

5TH !(42 86

PLUM

EASTSIDE

JEFFERSON

UNION

Legend 0 500 1,000 2,000 Annual King Tide 100-year Storm Tide Overtopping Emergency Corridors Feet 100-year Storm Tide Shoreline Rail OLYMPIA SLR RESPONSE PLAN Inundated Assets at No Sea Level Rise King Tide: City Assets: EAST BAY 11. East Bay Waterfront Park 42. Heritage Park

100-year Storm Tide: City Assets: 9. Isthmus Parcels 72 12. Percival Landing Park !( 59 21. "Portable" Pump Station County/State/Federal Asset s: 58 61 ST B !( !( 39. Intercity Transit Center SAN FRANCISCO LOTT Assets: 45. LOTT Regional Services Center 71 Port Assets: !( 51. Marine Terminal Cargo Yard 52. Marine Terminal Shipping Berths 54. Port Plaza 55. Farmers Market 58. Cascade Pole Treatment Facility 59. Cascade Pole Contaminated Site !(51 61. Swantown Marina Boat Launch !(52 63. Warehouse A 71. SW Lift Station !(63 72. Anthony's Hearthfire Grill Utilities: 76. PSE Substation - Thurston Community Assets: 81. Olympia Union Gospel Mission 82. Thurston County Food Bank 54 55 83. Community Youth Services !( !( MARKET 84. Providence Community Care Center 87. Rail Tunnel WASHINGTON

MARINE

!(81 !(76 !(45 !(82 !(11 CAPITOL !(12 HARRISON !(39 STATE OLYMPIC WATER !(83 !(84

ADAMS SIMMONS 4TH

9 !( 5TH

!(42 !(21 !(87 PLUM

EASTSIDE

JEFFERSON

UNION

Legend 0 500 1,000 2,000 Cascade Pole Site Shoreline 100-year Storm Tide Rail Feet 100-year Storm Tide Overtopping Annual King Tide Emergency Corridors

OLYMPIA SLR RESPONSE PLAN Inundated Assets at 6" Sea Level Rise

W E A Y King Tide EAST BAY Port Assets: 64. North Point Park 70. KGY Radio

100-year Storm Tide !(70 64 City Assets: !( 4. Hands on Children's Museum 15. Heritage Park Fount ain MARINE 49. East Bay Public Plaz a T B LOTT Assets: SAN FRANCISCO 44. Budd Inlet Treatment Plant Port Assets: 66. Heavy Equipment Wash Rack Utilities: 79. AT&T Switching Station

!(66

MARKET

WASHINGTON

!(4 !(49 OLYMPIA

HARRISON OLYMPIC STATE !(79

CAPITOL

ADAMS SIMMONS 4TH !(15 5TH

PLUM

EASTSIDE

JEFFERSON

UNION

Legend Annual King Tide 100-year Storm Tide Overtopping Emergency Corridors 0 500 1,000 2,000 100-year Storm Tide Shoreline Rail Feet Annual King Tide Overtopping Budd Inlet Treatment Plant OLYMPIA SLR RESPONSE PLAN Inundated Assets at 12" Sea Level Rise

W E S A Y King Tide: EAST BAY City Assets: 3. Olympia Center 10. Percival West Bathroom 19. SS Water Street Lift Port Assets: 50. Port of Olympia Office 53. Marine Terminal Rail Infrastructure

WEST BAY 73. Anthony's Homeport Restaurant 62 74. Rants Building !( 75. Market Center SAN FRANCISCO Community Assets: 3. Senior Services for South Sound 86. Downtown Olympia Historic District

100-year Storm Tide City Assets: 13. Harbor House County/State/Federal Assets: 37. Powerhouse Port Assets: 60. Swantown Boatworks 53 62. Olympia Area Rowing Center !(

!(60 !(74 73 !( !(75 !(50

MARINE WASHINGTON

13 !( OLYMPIA

HARRISON !(3 STATE OLYMPIC !(19 10

CAPITOL !( ADAMS SIMMONS 4TH

5TH 86

PLUM

EASTSIDE

JEFFERSON

UNION

!(37 Legend 100-year Storm Tide Annual King Tide Emergency Corridors 0 500 1,000 2,000 Annual King Tide Overtopping Downtown Olympia Historic District Rail Feet 100-year Storm Tide Overtopping Shoreline OLYMPIA SLR RESPONSE PLAN Inundated Assets at 18" Sea Level Rise King Tide: EAST BAY City Assets: 9. Isthmus Parcels 12. Percival Landing Park 21. "Portable" Pump Station County/State/Federal Assets 39. Intercity Transit Center !(72 LOTT Assets: 59 45. LOTT Regional ServicesWEST BAY Center !(58 61 Port Assets: !( 51. Marine Terminal Cargo Yard SAN FRANCISCO 52. Marine Terminal Shipping Berths !(71 54. Port Plaza 60 55. Farmers Market !( 58. Cascade Pole Treatment Facility 59. Cascade Pole Contaminated Site 61. Swantown Marina Launch Ramp 63. Warehouse A !(51 71. SW Pump Station !(52 72. Anthony's Hearthfire Grill Utilities: !(63 76. PSE Substation - Thurston Community Assets: 81. Olympia Union Gospel Mission 82. Thurston County Food Bank !(67 83. Community Youth Services 84. Providence Communtity Care Center !(54 !(55 Other: 87. Rail Tunnel WASHINGTON

MARINE 100-year Storm Tide City Assets: 5. City Hall and Police Station !(81 !(76 !(45 14. Artesian Commons !(82

22. Emergency Supply Trailer CAPITOL OLYMPIA 18. Drinking Water Pump Station - Percival !(12 PortHARRISON Assets: !(39 STATE 60. Swantown Marina OLYMPIC WATER !(83 67. Batdorf and Bronson !(84

ADAMS

Utilities: SIMMONS 78. PSE Substation - Plum 4TH !(14 !(5 !(22 !(9 5TH !(78

!(21 !(87 PLUM

EASTSIDE

JEFFERSON

UNION

!(18 Legend Annual King Tide 100-year Storm Tide Overtopping Emergency Corridors 0 500 1,000 2,000 100-year Storm Tide Shoreline Rail Feet Annual King Tide Overtopping Cascade Pole Site OLYMPIA SLR RESPONSE PLAN Inundated Assets at 24" Sea Level Rise P a g e | 1

Attachment C. Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information

VULNERABILITY (SENSITIVITY AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY) AND QUALITATIVE CONSEQUENCE INFORMATION

Note: Assets that are greyed out are not located in the SLR vulnerability zone (100-year storm tide + 68-inches SLR). Asset exposure listed as “>24 inches” indicates flood impacts occur between 24-inches and 68-inches of SLR.

floating docks. disrupt festivals and impact associated economic activity. Access limited at 24-inches SLR. Potential to protect doors with flood barriers Home of the Olympia Downtown Ambassadors, a team for a limited time. that cleans and patrols downtown. Potential structural damage at 27-inches SLR. 2 Downtown Welcome Center >24-inches Low It is assumed that the ultimate adaptation Finished floor elevation is 16.2 feet NAVD88. will be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised roadway, etc.) Access limited at 0-inches SLR. Installation of stormwater valve in the Olympia’s only community center, therefore it is parking lot in the next year will protect considered to be a critical facility. Potential structural damage at 5-inches SLR. parking lot against flooding. Flooding would impact meals served to low income Finished floor elevation is 14.41 feet NAVD88. Flood barriers could be installed on the seniors. 3 Olympia Center 0-inches doors to extend structural resilience to Medium approximately 12-inches SLR. Potential loss of revenue from inability to rent event space. It is assumed that the ultimate adaptation will be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised roadway, etc.). Access limited at 12-inches SLR. Adaptability beyond 24-inches SLR is The HOCM attracts more than 300,000 visitors per year. Medium uncertain. Potential structural damage at 24-inches SLR. Loss of operation would impact Olympia tourism. Hands on Children's It is assumed that the ultimate adaptation 4 12-inches Museum & Plaza Finished floor elevation is 16.01 feet NAVD88. will be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised roadway, etc.). Outdoor play area elevations vary from approximately 15.8 to 17.0 feet NAVD88.

Attachment C – Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information March 2018

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Existing electrical infrastructure will be raised in 2018 as interim improvements on the property are constructed. Access limited at 12-inches SLR. Adaptability uncertain. Elevate or relocate. One of two public restrooms located downtown that are available 24 hours a day. 10 Percival West Bathroom 0-inches Potential structural damage at 5-inches SLR. Low Flooding may result in closure of the bathroom resulting in impacts to vulnerable populations. 11 East Bay Waterfront Park 6-inches Low Parking, access and southeast portion of park Phased improvements planned or already Flooding could impact outdoor dining on the boardwalk at 12 Percival Landing Park 6-inches exposed to flooding. constructed to rebuild retaining wall and Dockside and Budd Bay Café. Flooding of playground Low boardwalk. A rebuild is very expensive. would increase park maintenance costs.

Attachment C – Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information March 2018

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14 Artesian Commons 24-inches Low Loss of access during flood events.

Street dependent populations that use the park and receive informal outreach would be impacted. The fountain has components that are sensitive Equipment would have to be relocated. It is Flooding would impact access and use of this community to saltwater (shooters and valves, in-ground assumed that the ultimate adaptation will be asset. 15 Heritage Park Fountain 12-inches Low lights). Pumps and controls are located a regional solution (levee, wall, raised underground. roadway, etc.). 16 Public Works O&M Facility >8-feet High 17 Nursery and Laydown yard >10-feet Low Access limited at 24-inches SLR. Door flood barriers could potentially extend The Percival Pump Station is the primary means of flood prevention by 12 to 18-inches. supplying Olympia’s west side with water from the Potential structural damage at 30-inches SLR. McAllister Well Field, Olympia’s primary water source.

18 DW Pump Station - Percival 24-inches Masonry block construction. Extensive electrical High and mechanical equipment.

Finished floor elevation is approximately 16.6 feet NAVD88. Structure is sensitive to flooding. Sandbags can be used to protect structure Flooding could result in sewer overflow or bypassing of under existing flood conditions up to 14.0 untreated wastewater. Finished floor elevation is 14.39 feet NAVD88. feet NAVD88. SS Pump Station - Water 19 0-inches High Street Lift Station Masonry walls and slider doors could be added to provide additional 12 to 18-inches of protection.

Attachment C – Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information March 2018

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SS Pump Station - East Bay 20 >24-inches Manholes and cleanouts feeding the lift station Medium Marina Lift Station may flood sooner.

Elevation is approximately 17.4 feet NAVD88. Pump is portable. Move the pump. Change the landscape of Little or no consequence. The pump is only used to pump Heritage Park to prevent overland flooding stormwater runoff from an approximate 2 block area. If SW Portable Pump Station - 21 6-inches from the lake. Revise drainage within the the vicinity were to be inundated by coastal flooding, the Low 7th and Water park to eliminate potential of backflow pump would not serve a purpose anyway. flooding. 22 Emergency Supply Trailer 24-inches Trailer is portable. Trailer could be stored at higher ground. Low Access limited at 5-feet SLR. It is assumed that the ultimate adaptation Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. will be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised Potential structural damage at 12.5-feet SLR. roadway, etc.) or the facility would be 23 Municipal Court and City Jail - relocated. Finished floor elevation is approximately 26.7 feet NAVD88. 24 Fire Station - Potential structural damage at 49 feet-SLR. Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. Access limited at 24-inches SLR. Adaptability beyond 36-inches SLR is Emergency management and public safety implications uncertain. It is assumed that the ultimate exist. 25 Police Station 24-inches Potential structural damage at 36-inches SLR. adaptation will be a regional solution (levee, High wall, raised roadway, etc.). Finished floor elevation is 17.0 feet NAVD88. State/County/Federal Assets Office of Superintendent of Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. 26 13-feet Public Instruction General Administration Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. 27 70-feet Building 28 Temple of Justice 100-feet Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. 29 Old County Courthouse 75-feet Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon.

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37 Powerhouse 18-inches Building is elevated and is not exposed to flooding. High tides may affect operation of dam and 38 Capitol Lake Dam >24-inches water level management within Capitol Lake. Bus routes accessing the transit center are Door flood barriers may protect to 18-inches Approximately 7,000 trips daily (3,800 outbound, 3,200 effected at 0-inches SLR. SLR. It is assumed that the ultimate inbound). The Transit Center is the regional hub for public adaptation will be a regional solution (levee, transportation in Thurston County with routes connecting 39 Intercity Transit Center 6-inches High The finished floor elevation is 14.54 feet wall, raised roadway, etc.). to Mason, Grays Harbor and Pierce counties. NAVD88, therefore structural damage at 7- inches SLR could occur. 40 Federal Building - 41 Downtown Post Office - Significant portions of the park will flood under Raise landscape and pathways. Replumb Loss of recreational opportunities. Potential loss of a 42 Heritage Park 0-inches current (0-inches SLR) scenario. drainage system including tide gates. location for festival events. Potential loss of revenues Low generated during festival events. Inundation begins at 8-feet SLR. It is assumed that the ultimate adaptation Little consequence within this plan’s time horizon. 43 Sylvester Park - will be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised Low roadway, etc.). LOTT Clean Water Alliance Assets Biological treatment processes are sensitive to Could bypass flows around the biological Flooding through combined sewer system would convey high salinity inflow. treatment process if had advanced warning saltwater to Budd Inlet Treatment Plant. of expected high tides. 44 Budd Inlet Treatment Plant 12-inches Brown and Caldwell vulnerability study Significant inflows of saltwater could impact treatment High identified 12 locations within Budd Inlet Could use sandbags or install watertight biological processes. High salinity inflow could kill Treatment Plant where overland flooding could door/entryway protection. microorganisms used in treatment process. flood facilities.

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Bypassing biological treatment would result in permit violations and compromise of LOTT’s level of service. Chronic bypass events could result in lawsuits. Sub-grade infrastructure subject to flooding Main utilidor 12-inches High during overland flooding events. Sensitive electrical components could be Facility could be elevated above floodwaters Loss of power at this substation would result in power damaged by flooding. or protected by floodwalls. outage at the Budd Inlet Treatment Plan; the Plant would rely on back-up power generators that only power a PSE Thurston Substation portion of the Plant. High

Could result in release of untreated or partially treated 15-inches wastewater to Budd Inlet. Maintenance building 15-inches High Solids handling building 15-inches High Digesters 15-inches High Includes effluent and combined sewer overflow Facility could be protected by sandbagging or Flooding of the MCCs would disable effluent pumping, (CSO) pumps and electrical motor control floodwalls. preventing flow from exiting the plant and result in Effluent pump station centers (MCCs). catastrophic flooding of upstream plant processes and High facilities, as well as significant capital costs to repair 21-inches damaged equipment. Administration building 26-inches High Service entry switchgear 27-inches High New primary clarifier High substation 27-inches Stairway at headworks building is a potential Sandbagging or installing water-tight Flooding of back-up generators during a power outage flood pathway. Building houses back-up door/entryway protection may be possible. would result in near-complete plant shut-down. generators and related equipment at grade and Headworks building High influent pumps below grade. Flooding of influent pumps would prevent flow from moving through the plant. 27-inches

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27-inches There are no seals on the vaults. Electrical substation J/K 33-inches High UV building 39-inches High South RAS pump station 45-inches High Secondary clarifiers 49-inches High Electrical substation C/D 50-inches High Electrical substation E/F 50-inches High Electrical substation G/H 50-inches High Blower building 51-inches High Intermediate pump station 63-inches High First aeration 63-inches High Primary clarifiers (both) 90-inches First anoxic 102-inches Second anoxic 102-inches Access and parking impacted at 6-inches SLR. Sandbagging could protect building from Staff and public cannot access building if surrounded area flooding. Could install water-tight flooded. Building flooded at 12-inches SLR. doorway/entryway protection. Normal business operations and educational programs at LOTT Regional Services 45 6-inches Finished floor elevation is 16.0 feet NAVD88. WET Science Center would be impacted during flood Medium Center events.

Floodwaters could damage exhibits, building, furnishings, flooring, etc. SS - Capitol Lake Pump 46 - Station

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More frequent pumping will be required (less gravity discharge), increasing operational costs.

47 Fiddlehead Outfall 0-inches High Increased CIP costs to increase pump capacity.

Increased potential for discharges of untreated wastewater and permit violations.

Increased potential for sewage overflow. Higher tides limits discharge pump capacity. Could replace effluent pumps to increase Sea level rise would cause pumps to work harder during pumping capacity. high tide events to discharge effluent The vault by KGY is less sensitive – it can be vactored out if flooded and would not be a Could upsize pipe capacity to address More frequent pumping will be required (less gravity major failure. bottleneck in North Outfall. discharge), increasing operational costs.

48 North Outfall 0-inches Increased CIP costs to increase pump capacity and upsize High outfall pipes to maintain current capacity.

Increased potential for discharges of untreated wastewater and permit violations.

Increased potential for sewage overflow Plaza water feature equipment and chemical A flood barrier could be built around the Flooding could impact public use of facility, which is a stored in underground vault vault if flooding became a recurring problem valued community asset in warm summer months (less or equipment and supplies could be significant impact during winter months when flooding 49 East Bay Public Plaza 12-inches relocated above ground. more likely to occur). Medium

Equipment in vault could be damaged/lost if flooded. Chemicals in vault could be released during flood event Port Assets

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The cargo yard north of Warehouse A out to a It could be left at the current level if the distance of 400 feet is also inundated at 12- berths are raised and seawalls are built 51 Marine Terminal Cargo Yard 6-inches High inches SLR. surrounding the Port peninsula, but these efforts would have to continue around Cargo yard east of the rail corridor is higher and Percival Landing, the Isthmus and Capitol is not significantly affected until 24-inches SLR. Lake to prevent water from entering the Cargo Yard from the south. The Marine Terminal Maintenance Shop will flood at 6-inches SLR. The Maintenance Shop is over-due to be replaced, therefore future adaption strategies are not important. Berths over-top at 24-inches SLR plus the king Berths were built between 1974 and 1999. The Marine Terminal and its shipping berths are a Marine Terminal Shipping tide plus the 100-year storm. Assuming a 50-year life span, berths are due significant economical driver for the City of Olympia and 52 6-inches High Berths for replacement in 2024 through 2049. the residents of Thurston County. Many jobs (Longshore Access routes are first impacted at 6-inches SLR. However, a recent inspection of Berth 2 workers, stevedores, pilots, tug boat operators, trucking

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Adaptive strategies may include building a The Port of Olympia’s Marine Terminal plays a significant small seawall atop the berth for initial role in Thurston County’s emergency preparedness nuisance flooding and to stop wakes from posture. If I-5 is closed for a significant period, cargoes splashing over the top. However, when the may have to resort to delivery by barge or ship. berths are due to be replaced, they should be built higher. Sea level rise will affect all ports similarly. If the Port of Olympia’s Marine Terminal can no longer function due to flooding, most other ports will be in the same situation. This will be a crisis for cargo movement. Minor flooding starts along the south fence line Ultimately, the tracks will have to be raised, Railcar storage is not affected by minor flooding (<6” on and progresses north to flood the ware house maybe a little at a time in order to keep the the tracks), but railcar movement will be. Water causes sidings east of Warehouse A. The rail corridor slopes to a minimum. Because the tracks are traction problems. Locomotives are typically diesel- (old Washington Street) is inundated at 12- designed to be flush with the surrounding electric with the electric motors mounted at axle level, so inches SLR. cargo yard, the tracks will need to be raised they cannot be operated in flooded conditions. If the in conjunction with the surrounding cargo water level gets above the tracks, the track must be Marine Terminal Rail 53 0-inches yard. inspected prior to further use. If water gets above the Medium Infrastructure axles of parked rail cars, the tracks must be inspected and It may be possible to raise the tracks a few lubricated immediately after submersion. inches at a time simply by bringing in a tamper. This may have to be done every 5 years or so. But it also effects railroad crossings in the cargo yard. The Port Plaza upland park will over-top at 12- Eventually, the shoreline berms will have to Port Plaza is one of the main recreational draws on the inches SLR plus a king tide plus a 100-year be raised. Flood gates will have to be waterfront, visited by tens of thousands of people storm. The recessed part of the amphitheater installed on storm water outflows. annually. The amphitheater is occasionally used for may flood earlier, at 6-inches SLR due to concerts. Out of town boaters often tie up here when 54 Port Plaza 6-inches rainwater not being able to drain out. The they visit the City. Loss of use would be impact Low floating dock is not affected until 24-inches SLR. recreational visitors.

Access may be cut-off earlier due to flooded streets in the surrounding areas.

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Notes Sensitivity Definition: the degree to which the physical Adaptive Capacity condition and functionality of an asset, Initial Definition: the degree to which an asset, population, or system is affected by a climate Exposure to population, or system is able (or unable) to hazard) 100-Year cope with adverse impacts of a climate Consequence Rating Asset ID Asset Name Example: A pump station or traffic signal is Qualitative Consequences Storm Tide hazard) (Low/Medium/High) exposed to flooding and has sensitive electrical (100-Year + Example: Sensitive electrical panels could be components contained within a panel at ground SLR) elevated above flood waters. Panels could be level. retrofitted to be watertight. Note: Olympia responses based on a 1 percent tidal event Finished Floor Elevations vary from It may be possible to pour a new slab floor The Olympia Farmers Market is one of Downtown approximately 14.8 to 15.49 feet. directly on top of the existing floor in order Olympia’s gems. It is visited by tens of thousands of to raise the finished floor elevation high people annually, and draws people from out-of-town. This building was built in the late 1990s. At enough to protect the building. approximately 18-inches SLR, the building can Loss of use would be impact efforts to revitalize 55 Farmers Market 6-inches be assumed to be flooded. Parking and access Parking and access roads could be raised. Downtown Olympia. High impacted at 6-inches. The building is owned by the City of Olympia and leased to the Farmer’s Market. The entire lot (building footprint and parking lot) is owned by the Port of Olympia. Parking is provided gratis by the Port. The plant itself was built in 2014 and will not be Overall, the storm water treatment plant is a vital part of Port Stormwater Treatment affected by flooding for quite a while. It is built the Port’s commitment to the environment. 56 >24-inches Low Facility on some of the highest ground on the Port peninsula. Swantown Boatworks was built in 1997 and It may be possible to raise the Travel-Lift pier Swantown Boatworks is a destination site for many expanded in 2007. Travel-lift pad and boat by adding a layer on top of the existing boaters all the way up to Seattle. It is one of the very few storage are at approximately 16 feet NAVD88. surface. Alternatively, in 50-60 years when “Green” boatyards in Washington, and offers full service the pier needs to be replaced, it can be (through tenant boat repair companies) or self-service 57 Swantown Boatworks 18-inches Office buildings are built on a recessed slab, so replaced with a higher unit. boat repair. Its loss would be a major blow to the boating Low the finished floor elevations is only just slightly community. As far as SLR is concerned, all boat yards higher than the boatyard. The boatyard is expected to be rebuilt once would likely be equally affected. or twice before 2100 at which time the asphalt level can be raised as SLR dictates. This plant was built in 2012. The finished floor Assuming that no sea wall or other external The Cascade Ground Water Treatment Plant is a critical elevation is 15.48 feet NAVD88. The plant adaptive strategy was put in place to protect piece of the environmental puzzle that must be kept contains powerful electric pumps and electrical the plant, the motors and panels would have running at all costs. The site is a MATCA site and is under control panels that would be damaged by to be protected from water inundation. The the supervision of the Department of Ecology flooding. motors and panels could be raised or Cascade Pole Treatment 58 6-inches protective walls could be constructed. High Facility

An alternative solution might be to remove all the equipment and lay a new slab floor directly on top of the existing floor thereby raising the finished floor elevation.

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The extraction wells are the main threatened component due to SLR. Salt water getting into the wells from above could wreak havoc with the electrical gear, not to mention over-loading the treatment plant with water that does not need to be treated. At 18-inches SLR, several sections of the Billy The Billy Frank Jr. Trail will have to be At any one time, there are about 50-75 live-aboard Frank Jr. Trail begin to over-top. Erosion will gradually raised and armored as sea level tenants at the marina (a tenant can be more than one become a larger problem along the trail as the rises. Doing so will also protect the marina person, usually 2). upper portions of the berm are not armored for parking lots. immersion. The Billy Frank Jr. Trail is very popular with visitors and 60 Swantown Marina 24-inches Raising and armoring the berm will require Olympia residents. Low At 24-inches SLR, the Marina itself is at risk. At moving the east bay trail further inland, this point, the upland landings is awash, and the requiring the use of valuable real estate. ramps head uphill towards the docks causing a large step down to the dock. While the trail Another more expensive solution would be to build a retaining wall along the shoreline.

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Raising the landings for each dock is a more complicated problem as it prevents access to the boats in the interim. The launch ramp cul-de-sac starts to flood at The cul-de-sac will eventually have to be The launch ramp is very well used by the recreational 12-inches SLR. At this point, the float wedge is raised, along with the entry wedge for the boaters in the community, as well as fishermen and boat submerged and the ramp would be closed to docks as the sea level rises. Raising the delivery professionals. It is the only remaining boat ramp use. The cul-de-sac was most recently paved in asphalt significantly will require raising at Budd Inlet. The closest ramp is at Boston Harbor. The 2017. Under the cul-de-sac lies the fuel tanks sidewalks accordingly. Boston Harbor facility does not have an associated dock for the fuel dock. which makes launching a boat a challenge. The piles for the floating dock may Unlike typical floating docks, the launch ramp eventually have to be replaced with longer floating dock is attached to the fixed entry piles. The current piles were installed in wedge (part of the concrete launch ramp). If 1983 and are creosote treated wood piles. the water level rises to the point that the entry Swantown Marina Launch 61 6-inches wedge is submerged (at about 6-inches SLR), Low Ramp the floats could start to bind against each other as the first float is held under water by the wedge. This binding increases pressure on the thin concrete shell of the float as the water continues to rise. At some point, the floats will break.

The pile tops are cut at 17.98 feet NAVD88. The pile hoops will clear the top at about 17.2 feet NAVD88. That is equal to approximately 36- inches SLR. Access to the building is restricted at 18-inches It may be possible to lay another concrete The OAR facility is extremely popular and well used. They SLR. The finished floor elevation is 16.0 feet slab right on top of the existing slab, raising have fielded very successful crew teams, especially the 62 Olympia Area Rowing Center 18-inches Low NAVD88. The building begins to flood at 24- the finished floor elevation by another foot. junior teams. The OAR facility is privately-owned on inches SLR. leased land.

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The OAR building was built in approximately 2005. It is a metal frame building built on a slab foundation. The finished floor elevation is 17.2 feet Once the warehouse is at risk of flooding, the Warehouse A is key to the Port of Olympia break-bulk NAVD88. The building begins to flood at 36- surrounding cargo yard would have been business model. It is an asset that enables the Port of inches SLR. raised or rendered useless. Olympia to be competitive in the marine terminal business. Flooding on the east and north side starts at External defenses (raising the cargo yard and about 6-inches SLR. berths) are the first line of defense.

The primary south side access route is is cutoff It may be possible to pour a new slab floor at 12-inches of SLR. Access is totally cutoff at directly on top of the existing floor to 24-inches of SLR. provide a higher finished flood elevation. 63 Warehouse A 6-inches High

Warehouse A was built in 1983. It is a tilt-up concrete, clear span 76,000 ft2 warehouse with bowstring trusses. It was last rehabbed in 2010 when it was restored t to excellent condition.

Peripheral equipment such as transformers are more prone to flooding than the building itself.

The North Point area includes the Anthony’s When this site is developed, the existing This site features expansive views of Budd Inlet and the Hearthfire Grill, KGY Radio, PLS Offices, and structures (except Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill) Olympic Mountains to the north. It is extremely valuable undeveloped land, some of which forms part of will be razed. The site will be raised at least real estate with excellent development potential. the Cascade containment cell. With the to the level of the adjacent walking trial exception of Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill, the site (>16-feet). is undeveloped. 64 North Point 0-inches Medium The Billy Frank Jr. Trail forms a protective The portion over the Cascade containment cell dike that will be used to protect the Port is paved to prevent storm water from entering peninsula from SLR. This trail will most likely the cell and over working the treatment plant. be extended across the site all the way to Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill.

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The Swantown Fuel Dock was built in 2017. The Heavy Equipment Wash Rack is a metal This building may be relocated in the future. The Heavy Equipment Wash Rack is important to the post building, open on three sides and is used If relocated, it would be raised. If not, the Marine Terminal maintenance staff in order to maintain for maintaining heavy equipment such as slab floor could be raised by pouring a new their heavy equipment that will not fit in the existing loaders, to-picks and buckets. There is one side one on top of the existing floor. The water maintenance shop. It is used most often for covered room that contains the compressor, water heater, compressor and other equipment maintenance rather than for washing equipment. heater and other necessary equipment. will have to be raised. Heavy Equipment Wash 66 12-inches Medium Rack This building will flood at 12-inches SLR. This building may become irrelevant if a new maintenance shop is constructed in the Adjacent to the wash rack is a pond used to future. capture sediments coming off the equipment. Flooding will render this pond system ineffective. 67 Batdorf & Bronson 24-inches The Simon Johnson building is a privately- It might be possible to raise the floor level by owned metal frame building located at the pouring a new slab on top of the existing Swantown Boatworks. It contains offices and floor. An additional 12-inches of elevation 68 Simon-Johnson Building >24-inches Low provides industrial shop area for the Port and should be possible. Petit Marine

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This building was built in the early 2000s. The finished floor elevation of the Maintenance It is assumed that adaptation strategies for Shop is20.0 feet NAVD88. Flooding of the other assets will need to be considered first. building occurs at 68-inches SLR.

The finished floor elevation of the Offices is 19.5 feet NAVD88. Flooding of the building 69 Weyerhaeuser >24-inches Low occurs at 68-inches SLR.

These buildings were built in 2009 and are located on the highest spot on the Port peninsula. This location was raised by 48-inches in 1983 when East Bay was dredged. The KGY Radio Station building is built on a pier The building is slated for demolition in the KGY Radio is a popular station with both an FM and AM overlooking Budd Inlet. It dates back to 1950 or future when North Pointe is developed. channel. KGY Radio also provides an important earlier. The pier is not in good condition. emergency communication source during regional Since this building is slated for future emergencies. The lawn around the building and the parking demolition, adaptive strategies are not lot currently flood during high king tides. The necessary. Low 70 KGY Radio 0-inches building is raised about 3-inches above the ground level with a finished floor elevation of The KGY transmitters and antenna are approximately 17.5 feet NAVD88. Access to the located on the Cascade containment cell, building is cutoff at 6-inches SLR. well above any flood considerations. The station building can be located anywhere and remotely connected to the transmitters. Access impacted at 6-inches SLR. Finished floor Minor modifications to the generator and The storm water treatment plant is a vital part of the elevation is 14.8 feet NAVD88, electrical gear to raise them above flood Port’s commitment to the environment. 71 SW Lift Station 6-inches High waters could occur. The pump station impacted at 12-inches SLR. Parking lot elevation is 15.15 feet NAVD88. Anthony’s Hearthfire Grill is a very popular high-end 72 Anthony's Hearthfire Grill 6-inches Low restaurant situated on the shoreline with magnificent

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Building was built in 2007. It is a concrete and metal structure built on a concrete pier out over the shoreline. The finished floor elevation is 15.98 feet Protecting this building will require external Anthony’s Homeport Restaurant is a popular high-end NAVD88. The building will flood at 24-inches of adaptive strategies (seawalls, dikes, etc.). restaurant situated at Port Plaza. It is a privately-owned Anthony's Homeport SLR plus a king tide plus a 100-year storm. building on land leased from the Port. 73 0-inches Low Restaurant Parking and access impacted at 0-inches SLR and blocked at 6-inches SLR. The finished floor elevation is 14.6 feet Protecting this building will require external The Rants building is a four story office building NAVD88. Building will flood at 6-inches of SLR. adaptive strategies (seawalls, dikes, etc.). overlooking the Port Plaza. It is a privately-owned 74 Rants Building 0-inches Low building on land leased from the Port. Parking and access impacted at 0-inches SLR. The finished floor elevation is 15.36 feet Protecting this building will require external The Market Center Building is a three story multi-use Low NAVD88. Building will flood at 18-inches of SLR. adaptive strategies (seawalls, dikes, etc.). (commercial retail and office) building adjacent to the 75 Market Center 0-inches Farmers Market. It is a privately-owned building on land Access impacted at 0-inches SLR and parking leased from the Port. impacted at 12-inches SLR. Private Utilities Some control systems and protective devices Flooding of substation and loss of power would affect are within enclosures near ground level. It is ability to move flows through the Budd Inlet Treatment unknown if enclosures are watertight. Plant during power outage if flows greater than 40 to 50 million gallons per day. 76 PSE Thurston Substation 6-inches High Overhead electrical buses and air switches are mounted above the ground. There is a potential for sewer and stormwater backup in collection system and upstream flooding (Adams and Thurston St would flood first).

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Notes Sensitivity Definition: the degree to which the physical Adaptive Capacity condition and functionality of an asset, Initial Definition: the degree to which an asset, population, or system is affected by a climate Exposure to population, or system is able (or unable) to hazard) 100-Year cope with adverse impacts of a climate Consequence Rating Asset ID Asset Name Example: A pump station or traffic signal is Qualitative Consequences Storm Tide hazard) (Low/Medium/High) exposed to flooding and has sensitive electrical (100-Year + Example: Sensitive electrical panels could be components contained within a panel at ground SLR) elevated above flood waters. Panels could be level. retrofitted to be watertight. Note: Olympia responses based on a 1 percent tidal event Some components may be in underground vaults. 77 PSE Capitol Substation - 78 PSE Plum St Substation 24-inches High 79 AT&T Switching Station 12-inches Medium PSE Gas Line @ 5th Ave Mounted underneath bridge but above flood 80 - Bridge levels. Community Assets Access limited at 6-inches SLR. It is assumed the ultimate adaptation would Flooding would impact delivery of social services including Olympia Union Gospel be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised meals, medical services, clothing bank and daytime 81 6-inches Medium Mission Potential structural damage at 5-feet SLR. roadway, etc.). Facility has potential to be shelter (dining room and lobby has capacity of 145 relocated. people). Access limited at 6-inches SLR. Sand bagging or flood barriers for doors. It is Flooding would impact vulnerable population’s access to assumed the ultimate adaptation would be a food bank. 82 Thurston County Food Bank 6-inches Potential structural damage at 5-inches SLR. regional solution (levee, wall, raised Medium roadway, etc.). Facility has potential to be relocated. Lower parking area floods at 3-feet SLR. Access Sand bagging or flood barriers for doors. It is Flooding would impact delivery of social services to limited at 4-feet and potential structural assumed the ultimate adaptation would be a approximately 45 youth per day. 83 Community Youth Services 6-inches damage at 4.5-feet SLR. regional solution (levee, wall, raised Medium roadway, etc.). Facility has potential to be relocated. Access limited and potential structural damage Sand bagging or flood barriers for doors. It is Flooding would impact delivery of social services to at 12-inches SLR. assumed the ultimate adaptation would be a approximately 250 people per day. Providence Community Care 84 6-inches regional solution (levee, wall, raised Medium Center roadway, etc.). Facility has potential to be relocated. Access limited at 0-inches SLR. Senior Services could relocate operations Flooding would impact delivery of social services to elsewhere to other facilities. Flood barriers approximately 100 people per day. Potential structural damage at 5-inches SLR. could be installed on the doors to extend Senior Services for South 85 0-inches structural resilience to approximately 12- Facility also used for meal preparation for Meals on Medium Sound inches SLR. It is assumed the ultimate Wheels. adaptation would be a regional solution (levee, wall, raised roadway, etc.).

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Notes Sensitivity Definition: the degree to which the physical Adaptive Capacity condition and functionality of an asset, Initial Definition: the degree to which an asset, population, or system is affected by a climate Exposure to population, or system is able (or unable) to hazard) 100-Year cope with adverse impacts of a climate Consequence Rating Asset ID Asset Name Example: A pump station or traffic signal is Qualitative Consequences Storm Tide hazard) (Low/Medium/High) exposed to flooding and has sensitive electrical (100-Year + Example: Sensitive electrical panels could be components contained within a panel at ground SLR) elevated above flood waters. Panels could be level. retrofitted to be watertight. Note: Olympia responses based on a 1 percent tidal event Historic District 3 Portions of the Historic District flood at 0-inches 86 (Downtown Olympia Historic 0-inches SLR. High District) Other 87 Rail tunnel (entry points) 6-inches Railroad flood gate in Heritage Park. Potential conveyance of flood waters from west to east. Medium Group Assets The useful life of Downtown roadways is Depending upon level of flooding, traffic A decrease in useful life increases roadway maintenance expected to decrease as a result of saltwater could be diverted to the roadway center. and replacement costs. inundation. Closing roadways to all traffic except emergency vehicles could occur. Significant water inundation could necessitate the need Roads 0-inches High for water craft for emergency response. Providing up-to-date road closures information to first responders could help mitigate roadway flooding impacts. Saltwater inundation is expected to permanently damage the City’s existing street trees. City Trees 0-inches Low The City is already loosing oak trees along Olympia Avenue due to shoreline erosion caused by an increase in high tides. The sensitivity of public art to flooding (i.e. Existing public art could be relocated as Public Art Installations 0-inches sculptures such as the Kiss and Motherhood) is necessary. Low projected to be minimal. Signal cabinets are sensitive to corrosion caused In the short term, signal cabinets located at Traffic Signal Control 6-inches by saltwater inundation. 4th Avenue and Simmons and at 4th Avenue Medium Cabinets and Water require raising to address SLR. Traffic Signal Poles 0-inches Medium Electrical service cabinets for streetlights are Street Lights 0-inches Low sensitive to saltwater inundation. The sensitivity of fire hydrants to flooding is Fire hydrants could be raised. Fire Hydrants 0-inches Low projected to be minimal. Impacts of inundation on contamination sites is Ecology has developed a guidance Contaminated Sites 0-inches site specific and can be influenced by the document, Adaptation Strategies for High contaminants of concern, the extent of Resilient Cleanup Remedies, that provides a

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Stormwater and Sewer Combined sewer catch basins could be System (outfalls, manholes, 0-inches High adapted to address SLR through application clean outs, catch basins) of a temporary sealing mechanism or valve. Any method used must allow for quick adjustment LOTT Sewer System (manholes, air releases, gate 0-inches High valves, drains) LOTT Reclaimed Water (air vac, gate valves, 0-inches Low irrigation, air release) 28 buildings affected at 0-inches SLR. Adaptive capacity will be site specific Many Downtown businesses are highly vulnerable to depending on the building elevation and costs associated with a decrease in customers due to 170 buildings affected at 6-inches SLR. construction type. In some cases, flood severe weather events or due to weather related damage. barriers could be installed on the doors to A vibrant Downtown business environment is key to many Commercial Buildings 0-inches 610 buildings affected at 12- inches SLR. extend structural resilience. of the City’s long range planning goals, such are urban Medium housing, transit and walkability, and vice versa. 820 buildings affected at 24-inches SLR.

970 buildings affected at 68-inches SLR. 1 building (50 people) affected at 0-inches SLR. Adaptive capacity will be site specific Although in many cases dwelling spaces may not be Residential Buildings 0-inches depending on the building elevation and affected, access and first floor damage is likely to occur. Medium construction type. In some cases, flood

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14 buildings (610 people) affected at 12-inches SLR.

19 buildings (820 people) affected at 24-inches SLR.

28 buildings (970 people) affected at 68-inches SLR. Police vehicles are sensitive to 6-inches of The City has directly invested in a significant portfolio of standing water. subsidized housing, shelter and social services that provide essential survival goods and accommodations for Government/Community 0-inches Fire vehicles are sensitive to 12-inches of low income, street dependent and homeless people. High Services standing water. Negative impacts to any of these services resulting for SLR will cause disruption and displacement of dependent populations.

Attachment C – Olympia Vulnerability and Risk Information March 2018