1 Locke, R. R. 2011. Reform of Financial Education in US Business Schools: an Historical View, Real-World Economics, Issue No
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Notes 1 Locke, R. R. 2011. Reform of Financial Education in US Business Schools: An Historical View, Real-World Economics, issue no. 58, pp. 95–112; Inglis, F. 2012. Confronting Managerialism, Times Higher Education, 31st January 2012. 2 Eagleton, T. 1994. Ideology, London: Longman Press; Mészáros, I. 2005. The Power of Ideology, London: Zed Books; Enteman, W. F. 2007. Managerialism and the Transformation of the Academy, Philosophy of Management, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 5–16; Jaeggi, R. 2009. Rethinking Ideology, in: De Bruin, B. & Zurn, C. F. (eds) New Waves in Political Philosophy, Basingstoke: Palgrave. 3 If one looks at the ten most relevant publications on Managerialism in the British Library in 2012, for example, these titles appear: Public Policy and Citizenship: Battling Managerialism in India by Arvind Sivaramakrishnan; Friend or Foe? New Managerialism and Technical, Administrative and Clerical Support Staff in Australian Universities; Values in Managerialism and Leadership; Policy Work: Street-Level Organizations Under New Managerialism; From Adversarialism to Managerialism: Criminal Justice in Transition; Gender, Power and Managerialism in Universities; Mana- gerialism in Motion: Lessons from Oaxaca; Editorial: After Neo-liberalism, New Managerialism and Postmodernism, What Next for Social Work?; Governing the Self: A Foucauldian Critique of Managerialism in Education by Patrick Fitzsimons; Managers, Managerialism and Social Work with Children and Families: The Deformation of a Profession?. The US Congress Library lists only eleven books on ‘Managerialism’. These carry titles like Knowledge, higher education, and the new Managerialism; Enteman’s Managerialism; The New Managerialism and Public Service Professions; Confronting Managerialism; Managerialism and the Working Class in India; The World Bank and Global Managerialism; Economic Barbarism and Managerialism; Managerialism and the Public Services; Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India; Managerialism and Nursing; and New Managerialism: Administrative Reform in Whitehall and Canberra. 4 A quick keyword search at the US-Congress Library, for example, found the following first 20 books on Managerialism (crime, risk, and insecur- ity: law and order in everyday life and political discourse; economic bar- barism and Managerialism; Human Costs of Managerialism: Advocating the Recovery of Humanity; Managerialism and the Public Services: Cuts or Cultural Change in the 1990s?; Public Health in a Retrenchment Era: An Alternative to Managerialism; Ideologies, Politics in Action; Professionals and the New Managerialism in the Public Sector; Managerialism and the Working Class in India; British Politics and the Spirit of the Age: Political Concepts in Action; Managerialism and Nursing: Beyond Oppression and Profession; Managerialism: The Great Debate; Managerialism and the Public Services: The Anglo-American Experience; New Managerialism: Administrative Reform in 278 Notes 279 Whitehall and Canberra; Managerialism: The Emergence of a New Ideology; Managerialism for Economic Development: Essays on India; Feminist Critique of Education: 15 Years of Gender Development; Ethics in Public Management; New Managerialism and Public Service Professions: Change in Health, Social Services, and Housing; Virtual University?: Knowledge, Markets, and Management). Almost all are not a discussion of the fundamentals of Managerialism but the application of Managerialism. 5 Enteman, W. F. 1993. Managerialism: The Emergence of a New Ideology, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; Locke, R. R. & Spender, J. C. 2011. Confronting Managerialism: How the Business Elite and Their Schools Threw Our Lives Out of Balance, London: Zed Books; Rees, S. & Rodley, G. (eds) 1995. The High Cost of Managerialism, Sydney: Pluto Press; Pena, D. 2001. Economic Barbarism and Managerialism, Westport: Greenwood Press; Kasser, T. 2002. The High Price of Materialism, Cambridge: Bradford Books/MIT Press; Saunders, M. 2006. The Madness and Malady of Managerialism, Quadrant, 1st March, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 9–17; Samuel, Y. 2010. Organizational Pathology: Life and Death of Organizations, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. On my question [22nd November 2012] ‘why is it that among the 100s of business schools, 1000s of academics, and so on, there are only two serious books on Managerialism: Your book and Enteman’s book. Please explain?’ Robert Locke [26th November 2012] replied: I think it is because the idea of Managerialism threatens the power brokers of corporate America. In 1977 Chandler wrote his book on The Visible Hand which celebrated the new class of thinkers and doers in corporate America, which could justify their control and possession of wealth not on proprietorship (the old dis- pensation) but on the possession of the knowledge and expertise that was essential to running an efficient wealth-producing economy for the many. They assumed stewardship of society’s wealth on this basis. The idea of Managerialism strikes at the heart of this contention and preten- sion, and is, therefore, anathema to them and their minions in manage- ment education. No kudos to be gained in economics or management studies by attacking the new class; lots to be gained by developing the management methods and instruments that this class can use to control organisations – and to hope the critique of Managerialism will go away. But it might not, since the shortcomings of Managerialism are becoming more and more apparent in all public institutions (universities and hos- pitals as well as commercial and industrial firms). 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managerialism. 7 One of the key areas where Managerialism is prevalent is found in gov- ernmental administrations and educational institutions. There are rafts of publications that deal with the colonisation of such institutions by Managerialism. 8 Wing, C. 1837. Evils of the Factory System Demonstrated by Parliamentary Evidence, London: Frank Cass. 9 Fayol, H. 1916. Managerialism Industrielle et Generale (Industrial and General Managerialism), London: Sir I. Pitman & Sons, ltd. (1930). 10 Scott, W. G. & Hart, D. K. 1991. The Exhaustion of Managerialism, Society, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 39–48. 280 Notes 11 Larraín, J. 1979. The Concept of Ideology, London: Hutchinson; Thompson, J. B. 1984. Studies in the Theory of Ideology, Berkeley: University of California Press; Mueller, F. & Carter, C. 2007. ‘We are All Managers Now’: Managerialism and Professional Engineering in UK Electricity Utilities, Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 32, no. 1–2, pp. 181–195; Merkle, J. A. 1980. Management and Ideology – The Legacy of the International Scientific Management Movement, Berkeley: University of California Press. 12 For example, Stephen Chrisomalis’ 2007 website http://phrontistery.info/ isms.html lists 234-isms. 13 Mick, S. S. 2012. The French Sociological Critique of Managerialism: Themes and Frameworks, Critical Sociology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 1–9. 14 Jaeggi, R. 2009. Rethinking Ideology, in: De Bruin, B. & Zurn, C. F. (eds) New Waves in Political Philosophy, Basingstoke: Palgrave (p. 64). 15 Scott, W. G. & Hart, D. K. 1991. The Exhaustion of Managerialism, Society, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 39–48. 16 Axelrod, R. 1997. The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration, Princeton: Princeton University Press; Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. D. 1981. The Evolution of Cooperation, Science, vol. 211, pp. 1390–1396. 17 Gramsci, A. 1929–35. Prison Notebooks – Vol. 1–3 (edited with introduc- tion by Joseph A. Buttigieg; translated by Joseph A. Buttigieg and Antonio Callari), New York: Columbia University Press; Coutinho, C. N. 2012. Gramsci’s Political Thought (translated from Portuguese by Pedro Sette-Camara), Leiden: Brill. 18 Frank, T. 2000. One Market Under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism, and the End of Economic Democracy, New York: Doubleday; Meyer, M., Buber, R. & Aghamanoukjan, A. 2012. In Search of Legitimacy: Managerialism and Legitimation in Civil Society Organizations, Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, June 2012 (www.link.springer.com); Quiggin, J. 2003. Managerialism (http://johnquiggin.com). 19 Useem, M. 1996. Investor Capitalism: How Money Managers are Changing the Face of Corporate America, New York: Basic Books; Sheil, C. 1997. The Heart of Darkness: New Managerialism and its Contradictions, in: Sheil, C. (eds) Turning Point: The State of Australia, Sydney: Allen & Unwin; Terry, L. D. 1998. Administrative Leadership, Neo-Managerialism, and the Public Management Movement, Public Administrative Review, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 194–200. 20 Dahrendorf wrote in 1959, ‘never has the imputation of a profit motive been further from the real motives of men than it is for modern bureau- cratic managers’ (Dahrendorf, R. 1959. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society (trans., rev. and expanded by the author), Stanford: Stanford University Press). 21 Clarke, J. & Newman, J. 1993. The Right to Manage: A Second Managerial Revolution? Cultural Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 427–441. 22 Hayek, F. A. von 1944. The Road to Serfdom, London: G. Routledge & Sons; Hayek, F. A. von 1948. Individualism and Economic Order, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Hayek, F. A. von 1960. The Constitution of Notes 281 Liberty, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Hayek, F. A. von 1976. The Mirage of Social Justice, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 23 Neo-liberalism should be distinguished from Managerialism. The former describes Herr