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Residence Restriction Legislation, Sex Crime Rates, and the Spatial Distribution of Sex Offender Residences

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Residence Restriction Legislation, Sex Crime Rates, and the Spatial Distribution of Sex Offender Residences The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Residence Restriction Legislation, Sex Crime Rates, and the Spatial Distribution of Sex Offender Residences Author: Kelly M. Socia Document No.: 235979 Date Received: September 2011 Award Number: 2010-IJ-CX-0004 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. _______________________ THE UNIVERSITY AT ALBANY SCHOOL OF CRIMiNAL JUSTICE THE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY M. cocic UNDER THE TITLE R e on LetisIc o Se Ras cn tk SrC&o o Qner Sc\iCeS has been read by the undersigned. It is hereby recommended for acceptance to the faculty of the University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (Chair) Date) I/i1 [1 (Date) (Date) L1 i1-( Li (Date) (Member) (Date) RECOMMENDED BY THE SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEAN RECOMMENDATION ACCEPTED BY THE DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES FOR THE GRADUATE ACADEMIC COUNCIL. (Signed) (Date) This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. RESIDENCE RESTRICTION LEGISLATION, SEX CRIME RATES, AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEX OFFENDER RESIDENCES by Kelly M. Socia A Dissertation Submitted to the University at Albany, State University of New York in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Criminal Justice 2011 This project was supported by Award No. 2010-IJ-CX-0004, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Further, data for the New York State Sex Offender Registry was supplied by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of either the Department of Justice or the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. UMI Number: 3454528 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3454528 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. RESIDENCE RESTRICTION LEGISLATION, SEX CRIME RATES, AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEX OFFENDER RESIDENCES by Kelly M. Socia COPYRIGHT 2011 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ..................................................................................................................... i COPYRIGHT PAGE........................................................................................................ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................viii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... 1 Residence Restriction Policies ......................................................................................................................2 Types of Sex Crimes......................................................................................................................................5 Research Questions .......................................................................................................................................9 Implications for Research and Policy ........................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE............................................................... 16 History and Current State of Residence Restrictions...............................................................................17 State-Level Residence Restrictions .......................................................................................................17 County and Local-Level Residence Restrictions..................................................................................18 Residence Restrictions in New York.....................................................................................................19 Existing Research on Residence Restrictions and Sex Offender Housing..............................................20 Passage of Residence Restrictions .........................................................................................................20 Efficacy to Reduce Sex Crimes..............................................................................................................25 Affecting Sex Offender Housing Options .............................................................................................28 Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Sex Offenders ............................................................................29 Other Neighborhood Characteristics Related to Sex Offender Housing...........................................34 Sex Offender Clustering and Recidivistic Sex Crime Rates ....................................................................36 Summary......................................................................................................................................................39 The Current Study ......................................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY........................................................... 42 Research Question 1....................................................................................................................................42 Research Question..................................................................................................................................42 Hypothesis ...............................................................................................................................................42 Data and Sample.....................................................................................................................................42 iii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Variables..................................................................................................................................................43 Analytical Strategy .................................................................................................................................44 Research Question 2....................................................................................................................................45 Research Question..................................................................................................................................45 Hypotheses ..............................................................................................................................................45 Data and Sample.....................................................................................................................................46 Variables..................................................................................................................................................47 Analytical Strategy .................................................................................................................................48 Research Question
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