Deep Brain Stimulation for Appetite Disorders: a Review
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The Effect of Lateral Hypothalamic Lesions on Spontaneous Eeg Pattern in Rats
ACTA NEUROBIOL. EXP. 1987, 47: 27-43 THE EFFECT OF LATERAL HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS ON SPONTANEOUS EEG PATTERN IN RATS W. TROJNIAR, E. JURKOWLANIEC, J. ORZEL-GRYGLEWSKA and J. TOKARSKI Department of Physiology, Medical Academy Dqbinki 1, 80-211 Gdalisk, Poland Key words: lateral hypothalamus lesion, EEG, waking, sleep, subthalamus, somnolence Abstract. Neocortical and hippocampal EEG was recorded in ten rats subjected to bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus at different levels of its rostro-caudal axis. In nine rats the damage evoked a marked increase of waking time with a si- multaneous reduction of the percentage of large amplitude irregular activity related to slow wave sleep in the first eight postlesion days. There was also a decrease in the amount of paradoxical sleep. Enhanced waking coexisted with behavioral som- nolence. The most extensive hypothalamic lesions produced qualitative changes of EEG concerning mainly the frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm. Control lesions within the subthalamic region did not influence either qualitative or quan- titative EEG pattern. It is concluded that limited lesions of the lateral hypotha- lamus did not destroy a sufficient number of reticular activating fibers to disturb a cortical desynchronizing reaction. The increased amount of waking pattern may be due to serotonergic deafferentation of the neocortex. Dissociation of behavioral and EEG indices of the level of arousal imply the existence of separate neuronal systems for both aspects of "activation". Bilateral destruction of the lateral hypothalamus (LH), particularly in its middle portion produces a set of severe abnormalities known as "the lateral hypothalamic syndrome". The animals, both rats and cats, display, among others, profound impairments in food and water intake (1, 32), deficits in sensorimotor integration (16), somnolence, akinesia and catalepsy (14). -
GBS/CIDP Foundation International
Guillain-Barré Syndrome GBS: An Acute Care Guide For Medical Professionals A publication of the GBS/CIDP Foundation International Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An Acute Care Guide For Medical Professionals A publication of the GBS/CIDP Foundation International 2012 Edition GBS/CIDP Foundation International The Holly Building 104 1/2 Forrest Avenue Narberth, PA 19072 Phone: 610.667.0131 Toll Free: 866.224.3301 Fax: 610.667.7036 [email protected] www.gbs-cidp.org Guillain-Barré Syndrome: An Acute Care Guide For Medical Professionals Contents Page Acknowledgements . i Introduction . 1 Initial Patient Evaluation . 4 Natural History of GBS: Implications for Patient Care . 6 Respiratory Complications . 8 Dysautonomia and Cardiovascular Complications . 12 Bladder, Bowel Dysfunction . 14 Metabolism: Nutrition, Hydration, Electrolytes . 14 Pain . 17 ICU Delirium . 18 Skin . 18 Musculo-Skeletal Issues, Occupational and Physical Therapy . 19 Infection . 22 Disorder Specific Treatments . 22 Appendix A. Checklist of Patient Issues to Monitor . 24 B. Diagnostic Criteria for GBS . 25 C. Prognosis . 26 References . 27 This pamphlet is provided as a service of the GBS/CIDP Foundation International Serving the medical community and patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and related acute and chronic paralyzing disorders of the peripheral nerves. Acknowledgements Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder. Some health professionals may not be familiar with treating it. A beautiful video by Tanya Ooraikul chronicled the superb care provided to her husband Kit during his recovery from GBS. His care at Gray Nuns Community Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada included 86 days in the intensive care unit. The video handsomely demonstrates the high quality of care that can be provided for this rare and complicated disorder in a community hospital. -
Hypothalamic Hypocretin (Orexin): Robust Innervation of the Spinal Cord
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1999, 19(8):3171–3182 Hypothalamic Hypocretin (Orexin): Robust Innervation of the Spinal Cord Anthony N. van den Pol Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Hypocretin (orexin) is synthesized by neurons in the lateral chemistry support the concept that hypocretin-immunoreactive hypothalamus and has been reported to increase food intake fibers in the cord originate from the neurons in the lateral and regulate the neuroendocrine system. In the present paper, hypothalamus. Digital-imaging physiological studies with fura-2 long descending axonal projections that contain hypocretin detected a rise in intracellular calcium in response to hypocretin were found that innervate all levels of the spinal cord from in cultured rat spinal cord neurons, indicating that spinal cord cervical to sacral segments, as studied in mouse, rat, and neurons express hypocretin-responsive receptors. A greater human spinal cord and not previously described. High densities number of cervical cord neurons responded to hypocretin than of axonal innervation are found in regions of the spinal cord another hypothalamo-spinal neuropeptide, oxytocin. These related to modulation of sensation and pain, notably in the data suggest that in addition to possible roles in feeding and marginal zone (lamina 1). Innervation of the intermediolateral endocrine regulation, the descending hypocretin fiber system column and lamina 10 as well as strong innervation of the may play a role in modulation of sensory input, particularly in caudal region of the sacral cord suggest that hypocretin may regions of the cord related to pain perception and autonomic participate in the regulation of both the sympathetic and para- tone. -
Tonic Activity in Lateral Habenula Neurons Promotes Disengagement from Reward-Seeking Behavior
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.15.426914; this version posted January 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Tonic activity in lateral habenula neurons promotes disengagement from reward-seeking behavior 5 Brianna J. Sleezer1,3, Ryan J. Post1,2,3, David A. Bulkin1,2,3, R. Becket Ebitz4, Vladlena Lee1, Kasey Han1, Melissa R. Warden1,2,5,* 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 2Cornell Neurotech, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA 10 3These authors contributed equally 4Department oF Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada 5Lead Contact *Correspondence: [email protected] 15 Sleezer*, Post*, Bulkin* et al. 1 of 38 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.15.426914; this version posted January 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. SUMMARY Survival requires both the ability to persistently pursue goals and the ability to determine when it is time to stop, an adaptive balance of perseverance and disengagement. Neural activity in the 5 lateral habenula (LHb) has been linked to aversion and negative valence, but its role in regulating the balance between reward-seeking and disengaged behavioral states remains unclear. -
Brain Structure and Function Related to Headache
Review Cephalalgia 0(0) 1–26 ! International Headache Society 2018 Brain structure and function related Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav to headache: Brainstem structure and DOI: 10.1177/0333102418784698 function in headache journals.sagepub.com/home/cep Marta Vila-Pueyo1 , Jan Hoffmann2 , Marcela Romero-Reyes3 and Simon Akerman3 Abstract Objective: To review and discuss the literature relevant to the role of brainstem structure and function in headache. Background: Primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache, are considered disorders of the brain. As well as head-related pain, these headache disorders are also associated with other neurological symptoms, such as those related to sensory, homeostatic, autonomic, cognitive and affective processing that can all occur before, during or even after headache has ceased. Many imaging studies demonstrate activation in brainstem areas that appear specifically associated with headache disorders, especially migraine, which may be related to the mechanisms of many of these symptoms. This is further supported by preclinical studies, which demonstrate that modulation of specific brainstem nuclei alters sensory processing relevant to these symptoms, including headache, cranial autonomic responses and homeostatic mechanisms. Review focus: This review will specifically focus on the role of brainstem structures relevant to primary headaches, including medullary, pontine, and midbrain, and describe their functional role and how they relate to mechanisms -
Eating-Disorders-Mar-Handout.Pdf
More specifically…. How/Is it possible to move (back) towards Intuitive/Conscious Eating once diagnosed/treated for an eating disorder??? Introduction Anastasia Nevin MS RD RYT Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist and Yoga Teacher in NYC Owner of Anastasia Health LLC, a full-time Manhattan based nutrition and yoga private practice treating men and women struggling with eating disorder, disordered eating and body image issues Phoenix Rising Yoga Therapy training, Restorative Yoga and Ayurveda, integrating movement, breath, mindfulness, and body awareness through an integrative healing Psychology degree from Stanford University, Nutrition MS RD from Columbia University Worked as Lead Nutritionist/Yoga Therapist at Monte Nido’s EDTNY, helped found NYC program IOP Nutritionist/Yoga Therapist at Renfrew Center NYC www.anastasia-health.com Myths about Food and Recovery “Just eat the food” mentality Eating Disorder is just a way of seeking attention All people with eating disorders are extremely thin Eating disorders are about vanity Eating disorders are a result of poor parenting A person with an eating disorder can choose to stop whenever they want Challenges to Eating for the Eating Disorder Patient Food for the ED patient is the “enemy” Fear of weight gain***!! Gastrointestinal Pain/Delayed Gastric Emptying Increased Distress/Anxiety Hypermetabolism Poor Body Image Increased urge to use ED behaviors to compensate (restricting, purging, laxatives, exercise) Eating Disorder Statistics Eating Disorders are a daily struggle -
Mapping the Populations of Neurotensin Neurons in the Male Mouse Brain T Laura E
Neuropeptides 76 (2019) 101930 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropeptides journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/npep Mapping the populations of neurotensin neurons in the male mouse brain T Laura E. Schroeder, Ryan Furdock, Cristina Rivera Quiles, Gizem Kurt, Patricia Perez-Bonilla, ⁎ Angela Garcia, Crystal Colon-Ortiz, Juliette Brown, Raluca Bugescu, Gina M. Leinninger Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48114, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Neurotensin (Nts) is a neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of many facets of physiology, including car- Lateral hypothalamus diovascular tone, pain processing, ingestive behaviors, locomotor drive, sleep, addiction and social behaviors. Parabrachial nucleus Yet, there is incomplete understanding about how the various populations of Nts neurons distributed throughout Periaqueductal gray the brain mediate such physiology. This knowledge gap largely stemmed from the inability to simultaneously Central amygdala identify Nts cell bodies and manipulate them in vivo. One means of overcoming this obstacle is to study NtsCre Thalamus mice crossed onto a Cre-inducible green fluorescent reporter line (NtsCre;GFP mice), as these mice permit both Nucleus accumbens Preoptic area visualization and in vivo modulation of specific populations of Nts neurons (using Cre-inducible viral and genetic tools) to reveal their function. Here we provide a comprehensive characterization of the distribution and relative Abbreviation: 12 N, Hypoglossal nucleus; -
The Lateral Hypothalamic Parvalbuminimmunoreactive
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Published in "7KH-RXUQDORI&RPSDUDWLYH1HXURORJ\ GRLFQH" provided by RERO DOC Digital Library which should be cited to refer to this work. The lateral hypothalamic parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV1) nucleus in rodents* Zoltán Mészár1, Franck Girard1, Clifford B. Saper2 and Marco R. Celio1,2** 1Anatomy Unit and “Program in Neurosciences”, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Rte. A. Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 2 Neurology and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA Running title: Parvalbumin-positive nucleus in the lateral hypothalamus Associate Editor: Paul W. Sawchenko Key Words: medial forebrain bundle, lateral tuberal nucleus, glutamate, projection neurons, neuropeptides, vocalization Corresponding author: Marco R. Celio, Anatomy and “Program in Neuroscience”, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Rte. A. Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Phone: +41 26 300 84 91; Fax: +41 26 300 97 33. E-mail: http://doc.rero.ch [email protected]. **MRC spent sabbatical leaves at HMS in 1997 and 2008. Supported by the Canton of Fribourg, an grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (no.: 3100A0-113524), the Novartis Foundation and USPHS grants NS33987 and NS072337. *Dedicated to Emilio Celio (1927-2011), founder of Swant. Abbreviations: Anatomic: IIn: optic nerve 3dV: third ventricle 2 A: amygdala AHA: anterior hypothalamic area Cer: cerebellum cp: cerebral peduncle DMH: dorsomedial hypothalamic -
Effects of Hypermetabolism on Ventilation and Chemosensitivity
Effects of Hypermetabolism on Ventilation and Chemosensitivity Clifford W. Zwillich, … , Steven A. Sahn, John V. Weil J Clin Invest. 1977;60(4):900-906. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI108844. Research Article Muscular exercise is associated with hypermetabolism and increased hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). In order to dissociate mechanical and metabolic factors, the effect of hypermetabolism on hypoxic ventilatory response was evaluated at rest. Carbohydrate and protein feeding increases metabolic rate, and their effects on chemosensitivity, ventilation, and blood pH were evaluated in six normal subjects 2 h and 3 h after calorically equal test meals (1,000 cal). After carbohydrate, base-line oxygen consumption (Vȯ 2) increased from 237±11.3 ml/min (SEM) to 302±19.4 (P < 0.001) and 303±18.5 (P < 0.001) at 2 h and 3 h, respectively. Hypoxic ventilatory response, measured as shape parameter A, increased from a control of 144±11.8 to 330±61.0 (P < 0.01) at 2 h and 286±57.0 (P < 0.05) at 3 h. These changes were associated with a mild metabolic acidosis as pH decreased from a control of 7.402±0.004 to 7.371±0.009 (P < 0.005) at 2 h and 7.377±0.008 (P < 0.005) at 3 h. After protein, Vȯ 2 increased from 241±6.7 to 265±6.2 (P < 0.02) and 270±5.4 (P < 0.001), an overall increase less than that which occurred after carbohydrate (P < 0.01). Hypoxic ventilatory response increased from 105±14.5 to 198±24.3 P( < 0.02) at 2 h and 219±17.3 (P < 0.01) at 3 h, which was not different from the increase with carbohydrate. -
Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Respiratory Disease
Eur Respir J, 1996, 9, 364–370 Copyright ERS Journals Ltd 1996 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09020364 European Respiratory Journal Printed in UK - all rights reserved ISSN 0903 - 1936 SERIES 'CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY IN RESPIRATORY INTENSIVE CARE' Edited by A. Rossi and C. Roussos Enteral nutrition in patients with respiratory disease S.K. Pingleton Enteral nutrition in patients with respiratory disease. S.K. Pingleton. ©ERS Journals Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Ltd 1996. Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical ABSTRACT: Nutritional assessment and management is an important therapeutic Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. modality in patients with respiratory disease. Malnutrition adversely affects res- Correspondence: S.K. Pingleton, Division piratory function. Nutritional therapy for the spontaneously breathing patient of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care should include an appropriate diet plus the consideration of nutritional supplements. Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Complete nutritional support should be undertaken with enteral nutrition in criti- Center, 39th and Rainbow Blvd, Kansas cally ill patients with respiratory failure. Nutritional complications occur. Overfeed- City, Kansas 66160, USA ing can lead to nutritionally associated hypercapnia. Keywords: Enteral nutrition, malnutrition, Eur Respir J., 1996, 9, 364–370. respiratory disease Received: April 6 1995 Accepted for publication November 7, 1995 Nutrition is an important aspect of patient care in any failure (ARF) have a 60% incidence of malnutrition [3]. patient with respiratory disease. Malnutrition adversely Disease severity can be assessed by the degree of pulmo- effects lung function by diminishing respiratory muscle nary function and gas exchange abnormalities. Malnutri- strength, altering ventilatory capacity, and impairing tion occurs in 50% of patients with chronic hypoxaemia immune function. -
Amyloid Goiter in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Description of 42 Cases from a French Cohort and from Literature Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Amyloid Goiter in Familial Mediterranean Fever: Description of 42 Cases from a French Cohort and from Literature Review Hélène Vergneault 1 , Alexandre Terré 1, David Buob 2,†, Camille Buffet 3 , Anael Dumont 4, Samuel Ardois 5, Léa Savey 1, Agathe Pardon 6,‡, Pierre-Antoine Michel 7, Jean-Jacques Boffa 7,†, Gilles Grateau 1,† and Sophie Georgin-Lavialle 1,*,† 1 Internal Medicine Department and National Reference Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Inflammatory Amyloidosis (CEREMAIA), APHP, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; [email protected] (H.V.); [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (G.G.) 2 Department of Pathology, APHP, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; [email protected] 3 Thyroid Pathologies and Endocrine Tumor Department, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France; [email protected] 5 Department of Internal Medecine, Rennes Medical University, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; [email protected] 6 Dialysis Center, CH Sud Francilien, 40 Avenue Serge Dassault, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France; [email protected] 7 Citation: Vergneault, H.; Terré, A.; Department of Nephrology, APHP, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; [email protected] (P.-A.M.); [email protected] (J.-J.B.) Buob, D.; Buffet, C.; Dumont, A.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-156016077 Ardois, S.; Savey, L.; Pardon, A.; † Groupe de Recherche Clinique amylose AA Sorbonne Université- GRAASU. -
The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion
1 The Neuromodulatory Basis of Emotion Jean-Marc Fellous Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California The Neuroscientist 5(5):283-294,1999. The neural basis of emotion can be found in both the neural computation and the neuromodulation of the neural substrate mediating behavior. I review the experimental evidence showing the involvement of the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in emotion. For each of these structures, I show the important role of various neuromodulatory systems in mediating emotional behavior. Generalizing, I suggest that behavioral complexity is partly due to the diversity and intensity of neuromodulation and hence depends on emotional contexts. Rooting the emotional state in neuromodulatory phenomena allows for its quantitative and scientific study and possibly its characterization. Key Words: Neuromodulation, Emotion, Affect, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Prefrontal the behavior1 that this substrate mediates. The Introduction neuromodulation of 'cognitive centers' results in phenomena pertaining to emotional influences of The scientific study of the neural basis of cognitive processing. Neuromodulations of memory emotion is an active field of experimental and structures explain the influence of emotion on theoretical research (See (1,2) for reviews). Partly learning and recall; the neuromodulation of specific because of a lack of a clear definition (should it reflex pathways explains the influence of the exists) of what emotion is, and probably because of emotional state on elementary motor behaviors, and its complexity, it has been difficult to offer a so forth... neuroscience framework in which the influence of The instantaneous pattern of such modulations emotion on behavior can be studied in a (i.e.