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Experimental Phonetics in Applied Linguistic Research DOI 10.29042/2018-2946-2949 Helix Vol. 8(1): 2946-2949 Experimental Phonetics in Applied Linguistic Research Denis Martyanov 1*, Ravza Kulsharipova 2, Nadezhda Oglezneva 3 1, 2, 3 Kazan Federal University *Email: [email protected] Received: 15th December 2017, Accepted: 20th December 2017, Published: 31st December 2017 Abstract linguistics. He recommended to distinguish such The formation of experimental phonetics was types of knowledge as intuitive, scientific, linguistic accompanied by an interest to the physical nature of in the process of studying the language. speech sounds. The experimental methodology Later, in connection with the expansion of the makes it possible to detail the characteristics of approaches to the fundamental paradigms of the sound formation mechanisms. The foundations of language, for example the system-structural, experimental phonetics were first laid at Kazan communicative, with the development of the activity University at the end of the 19th century. Even then, aspect, the typology of knowledge acquired a the phonetic structures of the language were detailed character in the following parameters: identified as paramount, due to which it became relation to science; social life; research possible to substantiate, creatively and methodology; dynamics of verbal representation, methodologically correctly, the theory and etc.; these aspects are described in details in the methodology of experimental study of the sound works of V.V. Krasnykh [Krasnykh 2012: 172-175]. structure of the language, and to predict milestones and steps of future research. Extralinguistic views A systematic approach to the study of the were largely transmitted through phonetic structures phenomena and structures of language was also and units. It is really important to assess and reveal originally set in the concept of Kazan Linguistic the role of phonetics in the formation of the scientific School. We believe that this was the reason for the knowledge system, because in the conditions of interest in understanding the phonetic level of multilingualism, the sounds of native speech language as a harmonic part of linguistic unity. implicitly act as a means to formalize mental spaces Resources, the possibilities of the phonetic system of (according to the tradition of Kazan Linguistic the language were interpreted within the framework School, this can be a model of the word of psychophonetics, anthropophonics, phonemography). Acoustic phonetics helps to reveal phonemography of the word. the general patterns of the dynamics of the speech model in communication between the speakers of These approaches did not simply reflect the metalinguistic entities – they were a kind of heterogeneous languages and to identify vulnerable indication of the directions to studying phonetic points in the articulatory base, using the acoustic units within the framework of science and the parameters of sounding speech elements. Modern everyday communication. At the same time, these instrumental research is aimed at describing the acoustic component of speech, which contributes to aspects constituted a platform for applied analysis of a further in-depth study of human speech phonetics. It was at Kazan University at the end of the 19th century that it became possible to phenomenon as a complex associative aggregate (the substantiate the theory and methodology of definition of V.A.Bogoroditsky, the founder of experimental study of the sound structure of the experimental phonetics in Russia). Our research is language, to predict the milestones and steps of aimed at revealing the role and potential of experimental phonetics in the process of phonetic future research. V.A. Bogoroditsky outlined the key knowledge formation. moments of instrumental research which play a leading role in developing the foundations of the Keywords: Experimental Phonetics, Acoustic articulatory base of language and speech Segmentation, Phonemography of the Word, Basic [Bogoroditsky 1930]. Acoustic Correlates, Speech Signal, Phonetic In the linguodidactic aspect, linguistic knowledge is Portrait of the Speaker not only the criteria for mastering the language, it Introduction structures the integral picture of mental spaces of the Philological competence includes a database on all native speaker and thereby significantly diversify the systemic knowledge for a philologist. The theory of vectors of the human speech continuum. We are of knowledge is widely studied in many scientific the opinion that the basis and dynamics of human disciplines, in particular in psycholinguistics, cognitive skills should be interconnected with the cognitive linguistics, linguistic culturology, etc. laws of speech, so relevant for our days. Y.I.N. Boduen de Courtenay, the founder of Kazan V.A.Bogoroditsky defined speech as a complex Linguistic School, created one of the first associative aggregate. The phonetic component of classifications devoted to the types of knowledge in speech predetermines a lot in the formation of both 2946 Copyright © 2018 Helix ISSN 2319 – 5592 (Online) Helix Vol. 8(1): 2946-2949 the corresponding metadata and the basic means of reveals the emotional potential of speech, correlates organizing and transmitting acoustic-phonetic and with the orthophony, the intensity curves in this case pragmatic information. The growing interest to really indicate how well the speaker perceives the speech implies the development of such a emotional, axiological parameter of speech. competence in a philologist that would allow Results him/her to successfully implement a wide range of The rhythmic organization of speech is indicative for problems that originate in the sound structure of the explanation of the semantic projection of an language and through it emerge to create utterance – this is provided by using the so-called communicative tactics and strategies: models of integrative description. Automatic programs in communication, phonetics and presuppositions; describing the speech signal are necessary for the phonetics and universal-object code, etc. [Dediu training of rhythmic, dynamic and melodic speech 2017]. characteristics. Computer technologies allow the Materials and Methods researchers to make a phonetic portrait of a native Experimental phonetics at the initial stage of its speaker according to the social rank, to clarify the development started with the study of dynamics of speech changes with the involvement of neurophysiological mechanisms. In Kazan linguistic ethnic and cultural factors. In the process of learning, school in accordance with the results of studies of we can trace what trends occur in the development that time there were obtained the results important of the articulatory base. The degree of normality of for our time: speech zones in the cortex of the human these parameters is rather conditional, but they are brain; the nature of linguistic thinking; the causes of extremely important when stating a phonemic individual speech phenomena such as slips of the representation in the conditions of polylingualism, in tongue etc. particular, such a language situation is currently observed in the Republic of Tatarstan; we consider it At the theoretical level, it must be explained what advisable to pay attention to the variation of speech causes the appearance of these phenomena. signal parameters depending on the basic According to the representatives of Kazan linguistic extralinguistic factors (age, emotional state, school, experimental recordings contribute to education, culture, etc.) when performing a improving the skills not only of motor perception of comparative analysis of acoustic data. The received speech, but also to association, especially as the acoustic data will be important also at the decision essence of associations by similarity and contiguity of adaptation questions in dialogue between different played a big role in developing a program of native speakers. This project will contribute to the experimental phonetic description of the language by preservation and development of languages in the representatives of Kazan linguistic school. We conditions of multilingualism. also consider these approaches to be meaningful and expedient in the process of teaching the basic In parallel with the oscillographic observations of mechanisms of the phonetic structure of the the sound structure of the word, modern language. experimental phonetics solves the problems of the mechanisms of listening to speech through a package The basic types of speech activity of a person are of prosodic speech characteristics. It becomes speaking, listening, writing, reading. possible to reproduce the text with the given Representatives of Kazan linguistic school parameters; by the degree of naturalness of interpreted sound and writing as two vital ways of utterance, accent, genre, psychology, etc. The language. In the conditions of polylingualism, the acoustic data obtained with the help of these speakers sometimes ignore the actions of these computer programs make it possible to carry out a modes which reflect the dynamics of human speech, comparative analysis of the phonetic structure of the its ability to extract basic and additional meanings language and native language, while observing both from phonetic and acoustic information. phonetic universal and unique features. The The visual series of permissible slips of the tongue peculiarities of the accent revealed in this case will and hooks obtained by means of computer programs also indicate the state of phonological hearing
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